EP0290311B1 - Matériau composite fritté pour contact électrique et pastille de contact utilisant ledit matériau - Google Patents

Matériau composite fritté pour contact électrique et pastille de contact utilisant ledit matériau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0290311B1
EP0290311B1 EP88400987A EP88400987A EP0290311B1 EP 0290311 B1 EP0290311 B1 EP 0290311B1 EP 88400987 A EP88400987 A EP 88400987A EP 88400987 A EP88400987 A EP 88400987A EP 0290311 B1 EP0290311 B1 EP 0290311B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
copper
material according
graphite
composite material
nickel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88400987A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0290311A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean Ambier
Marie-Jo Francillon
Colette Allibert
Catherine Laugee
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Merlin Gerin SA
Original Assignee
Merlin Gerin SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Merlin Gerin SA filed Critical Merlin Gerin SA
Publication of EP0290311A1 publication Critical patent/EP0290311A1/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0084—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ carbon or graphite as the main non-metallic constituent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/025—Composite material having copper as the basic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/027—Composite material containing carbon particles or fibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12903—Cu-base component
    • Y10T428/1291—Next to Co-, Cu-, or Ni-base component

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sintered composite electrical contact material based on copper.
  • the subject of the present invention is a cheaper contact material than conventional materials which nevertheless have good characteristics with regard to electrical and thermal conductivity, high resistance to oxidation and erosion, low contact resistance and a low tendency to weld.
  • the material according to the invention is characterized in that it consists of 80 to 95% by weight of copper, 2 to 15% by weight of nickel and 2 to 5% by weight of graphite.
  • This copper-based material containing graphite and nickel particles, is cheaper than silver and has good electrical and thermal characteristics.
  • Copper is used mainly because of its low cost and its good electrical and thermal conductivity.
  • Graphite forms with copper a composite material with low mechanical resistance, which minimizes the welding forces.
  • graphite combines with oxygen, air or material, to form carbon dioxide, thus limiting the formation of copper oxide.
  • it is necessary to limit the graphite content of the material to avoid excessive erosion of the material. this in the presence of an electric arc.
  • nickel it contributes, when cold, to reducing the oxidation rate of copper and it forms with copper an alloy having good mechanical resistance. The introduction of nickel makes it possible to achieve a very acceptable compromise between a low contact resistance, therefore a slight heating, moderate erosion and a minimum risk of welding.
  • the copper-nickel alloy has a higher resistivity than that of copper, the nickel content cannot exceed a certain value.
  • the material according to the invention is produced by the technique of powder metallurgy.
  • the powders used are preferably selected from the point of view of their particle size and their purity, metallic or gaseous.
  • copper powder of spongy shape is used, with an average diameter of less than 24 ⁇ m, having an oxygen content of less than 2000 ppm and a purity of 99.5% in metallic elements.
  • graphite powder in the form of a film is preferably used, the elements of which are approximately 100 ⁇ m long and approximately 20 ⁇ m thick, and the ash content of which is less than 0.2 ppm.
  • the purity of the graphite improves the properties of the material.
  • the nickel powder used is spheroid in shape and has an average diameter of less than 5 ⁇ m.
  • the selected powder mixture is homogenized in conventional kneaders for approximately 4 hours, then it is put into the form of pellets by unit compression, under a pressure of between 1 and 5 t / cm 2.
  • the pellets are then sintered in ovens with controlled atmosphere containing from 3 to 100% of hydrogen, from 0 to 5% of carbon dioxide and from 0 to 92% of nitrogen, for durations going from 30 mn to 2h according to the size of the pieces.
  • the sintering temperature can vary from 970 ° C to 1030 ° C.
  • an electrical contact pad can be formed by the composite material in the manner described above.
  • this material can be used to form a contact pad consisting of two superimposed layers.
  • the first layer the thickness of which is between 0.1 and 0.5 mm, essentially contains copper
  • the second layer consists of the composite copper - nickel - graphite material described above.
  • the presence of a first layer of copper makes it possible to make the contact pad brazable on conductive copper supports with a filling coefficient of between 70 and 90%.
  • the two layers are then compressed simultaneously to form the contact pad which is then sintered, recompressed and annealed in the manner already described.
  • This mixture is compressed, with a first copper layer, under a pressure of approximately 4 t / cm 2 for 20 s and the pellets are placed in an oven containing 100% hydrogen for approximately 1 hour at 1000 ° C. Then the material is recompressed under a pressure of approximately 10 t / cm 2 for 20 s.
  • the material thus obtained was tested in electrical endurance on a test machine carrying out 5000 openings under 100A (220V). Two electrical contacts each made of the material thus obtained were arranged opposite. The average contact resistance was 1.3 m ⁇ , the total erosion of the two contacts was 160 mg. The oxygen content within the material was approximately 140 ppm.
  • the average resistance was 0.92 m ⁇ , the total erosion of two contacts of 230 mg.
  • This mixture is compressed, with a first layer of copper, under a pressure of approximately 4 t / cm 2 for 20 s and the pellets in an oven containing hydrogenated nitrogen (3% hydrogen, 5% carbon dioxide, 92% nitrogen) for about 45 min at 980 ° C. Then it is recompressed under a pressure of approximately 10 t / cm 2 for 20 s.
  • the contact pads using the composite material according to the invention can be used in all low voltage devices, circuit breakers, contactors and switches.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Switches (AREA)
  • Parts Printed On Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
EP88400987A 1987-05-04 1988-04-22 Matériau composite fritté pour contact électrique et pastille de contact utilisant ledit matériau Expired - Lifetime EP0290311B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8706286 1987-05-04
FR8706286A FR2615046B1 (fr) 1987-05-04 1987-05-04 Materiau composite fritte pour contact electrique et pastille de contact utilisant ledit materiau

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0290311A1 EP0290311A1 (fr) 1988-11-09
EP0290311B1 true EP0290311B1 (fr) 1992-11-04

Family

ID=9350761

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88400987A Expired - Lifetime EP0290311B1 (fr) 1987-05-04 1988-04-22 Matériau composite fritté pour contact électrique et pastille de contact utilisant ledit matériau

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US4919717A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0290311B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS63293132A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CN (1) CN88102580A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3875649D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2615046B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IN (1) IN171120B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
PT (1) PT87395B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
TN (1) TNSN88042A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
YU (1) YU46107B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3838461A1 (de) * 1988-11-12 1990-05-23 Krebsoege Gmbh Sintermetall Pulvermetallurgischer werkstoff auf kupferbasis und dessen verwendung
US5443615A (en) * 1991-02-08 1995-08-22 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Molded ceramic articles
US5223790A (en) * 1991-05-10 1993-06-29 Metricom, Inc. Current sensor using current transformer with sintered primary
CN1034451C (zh) * 1992-05-08 1997-04-02 金明君 钎焊开关铜触头制造方法
ES2142747B1 (es) * 1998-03-05 2000-12-16 Farga Lacambra S A Cobre poli-microaleado con elevada conductividad electrica y propiedads termicas y mecanicas superiores a las de las aleaciones base cobre convencionales.
AUPP773998A0 (en) * 1998-12-16 1999-01-21 Public Transport Corporation of Victoria Low resistivity materials with improved wear performance for electrical current transfer and methods for preparing same
ES2160473B1 (es) * 1999-02-08 2002-06-16 Farga Lacambra S A Fabricacion de microaleaciones de cobre.
RU2716234C1 (ru) * 2018-12-18 2020-03-10 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Научно-технологический центр углеродных и композиционных материалов" Способ изготовления электрического контакта и композиционный электрический контакт
CN111575527A (zh) * 2020-05-29 2020-08-25 河北工业大学 一种高分断低压电器用复合触头材料的制备方法
US11798751B2 (en) * 2021-06-30 2023-10-24 Siemens Industry, Inc. Metal contact of a residential circuit breaker including ordered ceramic microparticles
CN115948672B (zh) * 2022-11-22 2024-05-31 宁波坤铜合金材料有限公司 一种铜/碳复合材料及其制备方法和在电接触材料中的应用
CN118207445B (zh) * 2024-02-06 2025-03-07 大连交通大学 一种CuNiC复合材料及其制备方法和应用

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1000651A (en) * 1961-04-14 1965-08-11 Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to metal powders
DE2057618A1 (de) * 1970-11-24 1972-06-15 Duerrwaechter E Dr Doduco Metall-Kohlenstoff-Verbundwerkstoff und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
DE2408340A1 (de) * 1973-02-26 1974-08-29 Crown Controls Corp Fahrzeug mit einziehbarer abdeckung
US4127700A (en) * 1973-10-12 1978-11-28 G. Rau Metallic material with additives embedded therein and method for producing the same
DE3226648C2 (de) * 1982-07-16 1984-12-06 Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen Heterogenes Wolfram-Legierungspulver
FR2568417B1 (fr) * 1984-07-25 1986-11-28 Lorraine Carbone Procede de fabrication de contacts electriques et contacts obtenus.
US4622269A (en) * 1985-12-30 1986-11-11 Gte Products Corporation Electrical contact and process for making the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IN171120B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1992-07-25
YU46107B (sh) 1992-12-21
FR2615046A1 (fr) 1988-11-10
EP0290311A1 (fr) 1988-11-09
JPS63293132A (ja) 1988-11-30
FR2615046B1 (fr) 1992-12-31
YU85188A (en) 1990-06-30
TNSN88042A1 (fr) 1990-07-10
CN88102580A (zh) 1988-11-23
US4919717A (en) 1990-04-24
PT87395A (pt) 1989-05-31
PT87395B (pt) 1992-09-30
DE3875649D1 (de) 1992-12-10

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