EP0289435B1 - Gas-cooled vacuum furnace for thermal treatment - Google Patents

Gas-cooled vacuum furnace for thermal treatment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0289435B1
EP0289435B1 EP88420130A EP88420130A EP0289435B1 EP 0289435 B1 EP0289435 B1 EP 0289435B1 EP 88420130 A EP88420130 A EP 88420130A EP 88420130 A EP88420130 A EP 88420130A EP 0289435 B1 EP0289435 B1 EP 0289435B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
volute
turbine
furnace according
cylinder
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP88420130A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0289435A1 (en
Inventor
Bernard Jomain
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FOURS INDUSTRIELS BMI
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FOURS INDUSTRIELS BMI
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Priority to AT88420130T priority Critical patent/ATE59465T1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/767—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material with forced gas circulation; Reheating thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/773—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material under reduced pressure or vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/04—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated adapted for treating the charge in vacuum or special atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B5/16—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D7/00—Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers
    • F27D7/04—Circulating atmospheres by mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B2005/062—Cooling elements
    • F27B2005/066—Cooling elements disposed around the fan
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B5/16—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • F27B2005/161—Gas inflow or outflow
    • F27B2005/162—Gas inflow or outflow through closable or non-closable openings of the chamber walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B5/00—Muffle furnaces; Retort furnaces; Other furnaces in which the charge is held completely isolated
    • F27B5/06—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B5/16—Arrangements of air or gas supply devices
    • F27B2005/166—Means to circulate the atmosphere
    • F27B2005/167—Means to circulate the atmosphere the atmosphere being recirculated through the treatment chamber by a turbine

Definitions

  • ovens provided with an annular exchanger located downstream of the turbine generating the cooled gas stream and circulation channels of said stream provided with registers allowing the reversal of the direction of the latter.
  • the presence of the registers creates a flow which enters the heating chamber only on one of its sides to emerge from its opposite side. Under these conditions, only half of the exchanger is used for cooling the gas.
  • very large pressure drops arise around the registers and mainly in the crown surrounding the turbine since the latter has only one outlet, the other being blocked by the register which is closed.
  • the gas flow rate passes through a zero value on the load.
  • the above drawbacks lead to an oversizing of the turbine drive motor, part of the power of which turns into waste heat.
  • the sweeping of the load to be treated is not satisfactory since it only takes place by purely and simply reversing the stream of cooled gas.
  • Ovens of the type in question have also been provided, presenting two opposite streams of the cooled gas so as to form vortices or opposed streams in the heating enclosure. Again, there is a significant pressure drop in the ring arranged around the turbine and around the flaps giving access to the distribution channels of the cooled gas, so that the power of the turbine drive motor must be provided. larger than necessary. As in the aforementioned oven, the flow rate passes through a zero value, which affects the good heat treatment of the load.
  • the improvements which are the subject of the present invention aim to remedy these drawbacks and to allow the production of a vacuum heat treatment oven in which the cooled gas enters the heating chamber in which the load to be treated is located. by carrying out an appropriate sweep so that the load is perfectly well subjected to the action of the cooled gas.
  • the cooled gas is sent into the heating enclosure by means of a rotating volute which on the one hand directs this gas towards said enclosure in orientations which vary over time in order to pass through the spaces located between the rooms to be treat in different successive directions and on the other hand recover the gas used to direct it towards the center of the turbine.
  • This produces an all-round sweep of the load to be treated, without creating pressure drops at the level of the ring surrounding the turbine and in which the exchanger is located which is completely traversed by the gas recycled by the turbine.
  • the rotating scroll is produced in the form of a helical flange formed outside a hollow cylinder, said cylinder comprising at its end where the flange ends in the direction of delivery of the gas, a cutout which is extended by two partitions directed outwards to form a radial recovery passage communicating with the interior of the cylinder, while between the original edge and that of the helical flange there is a free axial space provided with a deflector intended to form a discharge outlet for the gas under pressure in the direction of the heating enclosure.
  • the oven according to the invention which has been illustrated in FIG. 1, essentially comprises in the usual manner, a cylindrical outer casing 1 the rear of which is associated with a bell 2 while its front part is closed by a door 3.
  • an electric motor 4 driving a turbine 5 by means of a shaft passing through a watertight partition 6 closing the envelope 1 opposite the door 3 and from which the bell 2 leaves.
  • the envelope 1 contains an enclosure or laboratory 7 in which a load to be treated 8 is placed, illustrated in broken lines and constituted by a multiplicity of separate pieces stacked on a platform not shown. Note that the enclosure 7 is provided with openings 71 arranged at its two bottoms, while other openings 72 are formed on the side walls (Fig. 4 to 7).
  • a rotating scroll 9 more particularly illustrated in FIG. 2 and 3.
  • This scroll is rotatably mounted relative to the casing 1 by means of a bearing 10.
  • a toothed crown 12 is associated with the volute 9 and meshes with a pinion 13 mounted at the end of a shaft 141 constituting the extension of the output shaft of an electric motor 14.
  • the electric motor 14 drives the continuous or discontinuous rotation of the volute 9.
  • the latter first comprises a hollow cylinder 91 (FIGS. 2 and 3) around which a helical flange 92 is wound, the original edge 921 of which is at one of the ends 911 of said cylinder 91, while the extreme edge 922 of the flange 92 ending at the other end 912 of the cylinder 91 is roughly opposite that 921 to determine an axial free passage 93.
  • the end 911 of the cylinder 91 located at of the edge 921 has a bottom affecting the shape of a chimney 94 having in cross section the shape of a double rounded funnel to constitute in its center an opening 941.
  • the part of the hollow cylinder 91 protruding beyond the helical flange 92 relative to the chimney 94 is cut along a diameter so that its remaining part is connected to two partitions 95, 96 arranged parallel to each other and coming from the two edges thus determined over a diameter of the hollow cylinder 91. These two partitions therefore extend towards the outside and determines a radial recovery channel referenced 97, which communicates with the interior of the hollow cylinder 91.
  • the turbine 5 sucks the gas contained in the casing 1 at its heating chamber 7 through the central opening 941 of the volute 9.
  • This sucked gas is discharged radially to be cooled in contact with the exchanger 11 by following the arrows F.
  • the gas is projected against the face of the helical flange 92 situated opposite the aforementioned exchanger 11, such so that it turns according to the arrows F1 to arrive at the passage 93 which it crosses to be returned by the deflector 98 in an axial direction illustrated by the arrow F2.
  • the gas stream thus discharged enters the enclosure 7 through one or two openings 71, 72 adjacent to this enclosure to exit through one or two corresponding openings arranged diametrically opposite on this enclosure.
  • FIG. 4 to 7 There is thus illustrated in FIG. 4 to 7 the way in which the gas crosses the charge 8. It has been assumed in FIG. 4 that the discharge opening 99 was at the lower part of the casing 1, so that the gas enters the enclosure 7 from below to rise and escape through the other openings of this enclosure. The gas heated in the enclosure 2 in contact with the load 8 is then recovered in the channel 97 to be conducted inside the volute 9 from which it is sucked in by the turbine 5.

Abstract

A furnace for heat treatment in vacuo with cooling by a stream of gas wherein there is a rotating volute mounted between a heat enclosure and a turbine and wherein the rotating volute is in the form of a helical flange arranged on the outside of a hollow cylinder through which gas is directed from the enclosure to the turbine and which volute also includes a gas outlet deflector associated with the helical flange through which gas may be directed toward the heat enclosure.

Description

On sait que dans les fours de traitement thermique sous vide comportant une enceinte chauffante dans laquelle on fait circuler un courant de gaz refroidi par un échangeur de température entourant la turbine qui engendre ledit courant, on a déjà prévu des dispositifs susceptibles d'inverser ce courant pour essayer d'effectuer un refroidissement uniforme de toutes les pièces constituant la charge.It is known that in vacuum heat treatment furnaces comprising a heating chamber in which a stream of gas cooled circulated by a temperature exchanger surrounding the turbine which generates said stream, devices have already been provided capable of reversing this stream to try to achieve a uniform cooling of all the parts constituting the load.

C'est ainsi qu'on a déjà prévu des fours pourvus d'un échangeur annulaire situé en aval de la turbine engendrant le courant de gaz refroidi et de canaux de circulation dudit courant pourvus de registres permettant l'inversion du sens de ce dernier. La présence des registres crée un flux qui ne pénètre dans l'enceinte chauffante que par un seul de ses côtés pour ressortir par son coté opposé. Dans ces conditions, seule la moitié de l'échangeur est utilisée pour le refroidissement du gaz. De plus, des pertes de charge très importantes prennent naissance autour des registres et principalement dans la couronne entourant la turbine puisque celle-ci ne comporte qu'une sortie, l'autre étant bouchée par le registre qui est fermé. Enfin, si l'on désire inverser le sens du flux de manière successive par fermeture et ouverture des registres, le débit de gaz passe par une valeur nulle sur la charge. Les inconvénients ci-dessus entraînent un surdimensionnement du moteur d'entraînement de la turbine dont une partie de la puissance se transforme en chaleur en pure perte. Enfin, le balayage de la charge à traiter ne donne pas satisfaction puisqu'il ne s'effectue qu'en inversant purement et simplement le courant de gaz refroidi.It is thus already provided ovens provided with an annular exchanger located downstream of the turbine generating the cooled gas stream and circulation channels of said stream provided with registers allowing the reversal of the direction of the latter. The presence of the registers creates a flow which enters the heating chamber only on one of its sides to emerge from its opposite side. Under these conditions, only half of the exchanger is used for cooling the gas. In addition, very large pressure drops arise around the registers and mainly in the crown surrounding the turbine since the latter has only one outlet, the other being blocked by the register which is closed. Finally, if one wishes to reverse the direction of the flow successively by closing and opening the registers, the gas flow rate passes through a zero value on the load. The above drawbacks lead to an oversizing of the turbine drive motor, part of the power of which turns into waste heat. Finally, the sweeping of the load to be treated is not satisfactory since it only takes place by purely and simply reversing the stream of cooled gas.

On a également prévu des fours du genre en question présentant deux courants opposés du gaz refroidi de manière à former des tourbillons ou courants contrariés dans l'enceinte chauffante. Là encore, on assiste à des pertes de charge importantes dans la couronne disposée autour de la turbine et autour des volets donnant accès aux canaux de distribution du gaz refroidi, de telle sorte que la puissance du moteur d'entraînement de la turbine doit être prévue plus importante que celle nécessaire. Comme dans le four précédemment cité, le débit passe par une valeur nulle, ce qui nuit au bon traitement thermique de la charge.Ovens of the type in question have also been provided, presenting two opposite streams of the cooled gas so as to form vortices or opposed streams in the heating enclosure. Again, there is a significant pressure drop in the ring arranged around the turbine and around the flaps giving access to the distribution channels of the cooled gas, so that the power of the turbine drive motor must be provided. larger than necessary. As in the aforementioned oven, the flow rate passes through a zero value, which affects the good heat treatment of the load.

Les perfectionnements qui font l'objet de la présente invention visent à remédier à ces inconvénients et à permettre la réalisation d'un four de traitement thermique sous vide dans lequel le gaz refroidi pénètre dans l'enceinte chauffante dans laquelle se trouve la charge à traiter en effectuant un balayage approprié afin que la charge soit parfaitement bien soumise à l'action du gaz refroidi.The improvements which are the subject of the present invention aim to remedy these drawbacks and to allow the production of a vacuum heat treatment oven in which the cooled gas enters the heating chamber in which the load to be treated is located. by carrying out an appropriate sweep so that the load is perfectly well subjected to the action of the cooled gas.

A cet effet, le gaz refroidi est envoyé dans l'enceinte chauffante au moyen d'une volute tournante qui d'une part dirige ce gaz vers ladite enceinte dans des orientations qui varient dans le temps afin de traverser les espaces situés entre les pièces à traiter suivant des directions successives différentes et d'autre part récupère le gaz utilisé pour le diriger vers le centre de la turbine. On réalise ainsi un balayage tous azimuts de la charge à traiter, sans créer de pertes de charge au niveau de la couronne entourant la turbine et dans laquelle se trouve l'échangeur qui est entièrement traversé par le gaz recyclé par la turbine.To this end, the cooled gas is sent into the heating enclosure by means of a rotating volute which on the one hand directs this gas towards said enclosure in orientations which vary over time in order to pass through the spaces located between the rooms to be treat in different successive directions and on the other hand recover the gas used to direct it towards the center of the turbine. This produces an all-round sweep of the load to be treated, without creating pressure drops at the level of the ring surrounding the turbine and in which the exchanger is located which is completely traversed by the gas recycled by the turbine.

Dans une forme d'exécution particulièrement avantageuse, la volute tournante est réalisée sous la forme d'une collerette en hélice ménagée à l'extérieur d'un cylindre creux, ledit cylindre comportant à son extrémité où aboutit la collerette dans le sens du refoulement du gaz, une découpe qui se prolonge par deux cloisons dirigées vers l'extérieur pour constituer un passage radial de récupération communiquant avec l'intérieur du cylindre, tandis qu'entre l'arête d'origine et celle terminale de la collerette en hélice il existe un espace axial libre pourvu d'un déflecteur destiné à former une ouie de refoulement du gaz sous pression en direction de l'enceinte chauffante.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the rotating scroll is produced in the form of a helical flange formed outside a hollow cylinder, said cylinder comprising at its end where the flange ends in the direction of delivery of the gas, a cutout which is extended by two partitions directed outwards to form a radial recovery passage communicating with the interior of the cylinder, while between the original edge and that of the helical flange there is a free axial space provided with a deflector intended to form a discharge outlet for the gas under pressure in the direction of the heating enclosure.

Le dessin annexé, donné à titre d'exemple, permettra de mieux comprendre l'invention, les caractéristiques qu'elle présente et les avantages qu'elle est susceptibe de procurer :

  • Fig. 1 est une coupe longitudinale d'un four comportant application des perfectionnements suivant l'invention.
  • Fig. 2 est une vue en perspective de la volute établie conformément à l'invention.
  • Fig. 3 en est une vue en bout suivant la flèche III de fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 à 7 montrent la manière dont le courant de gaz refroidi change continuellement d'orientation dans l'enceinte chauffante.
The appended drawing, given by way of example, will allow a better understanding of the invention, the characteristics which it presents and the advantages which it is capable of providing:
  • Fig. 1 is a longitudinal section of an oven comprising application of the improvements according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the volute established in accordance with the invention.
  • Fig. 3 is an end view along arrow III of FIG. 2.
  • Fig. 4 to 7 show the way in which the stream of cooled gas continuously changes orientation in the heating enclosure.

Le four suivant l'invention, qui a été illustré en fig. 1, comprend essentiellement à la manière usuelle, une enveloppe extérieure cylindrique 1 dont l'arrière est associé à une cloche 2 tandis que sa partie avant est fermée par une porte 3. Dans le cloche 2 se trouve un moteur électrique 4 entraînant une turbine 5 au moyen d'un arbre traversant une cloison étanche 6 fermant l'enveloppe 1 à l'opposé de la porte 3 et à partir de laquelle part la cloche 2.The oven according to the invention, which has been illustrated in FIG. 1, essentially comprises in the usual manner, a cylindrical outer casing 1 the rear of which is associated with a bell 2 while its front part is closed by a door 3. In the bell 2 is an electric motor 4 driving a turbine 5 by means of a shaft passing through a watertight partition 6 closing the envelope 1 opposite the door 3 and from which the bell 2 leaves.

L'enveloppe 1 renferme une enceinte ou laboratoire 7 dans lequel on place une charge à traiter 8 illustrée en traits discontinus et constituée par une multiplicité de pièces séparées empilées sur une plate- forme non représentée. On note que l'enceinte 7 est pourvue d'ouvertures 71 disposées au niveau de ses deux fonds, tandis que d'autres ouvertures 72 sont ménagées sur les parois latérales (Fig. 4 à 7).The envelope 1 contains an enclosure or laboratory 7 in which a load to be treated 8 is placed, illustrated in broken lines and constituted by a multiplicity of separate pieces stacked on a platform not shown. Note that the enclosure 7 is provided with openings 71 arranged at its two bottoms, while other openings 72 are formed on the side walls (Fig. 4 to 7).

Conformément à l'invention, on a placé entre la turbine 5 et l'enceinte chauffante 7, une volute tournante 9 plus particulièrement illustrée en fig. 2 et 3. Cette volute est montée à rotation par rapport à l'enveloppe 1 au moyen d'un roulement 10. On observe encore la présence dans ladite enveloppe d'un échangeur de chaleur 11 situé dans l'espace déterminé entre ladite turbine et la volute 9. Une couronne dentée 12 est associée à la volute 9 et engrène avec un pignon 13 monté à l'extrémité d'un arbre 141 constituant le prolongement de l'arbre de sortie d'un moteur électrique 14. Comme on l'expliquera mieux plus loin, le moteur électrique 14 entraîne la rotation continue ou discontinue de la volute 9.According to the invention, there is placed between the turbine 5 and the heating enclosure 7, a rotating scroll 9 more particularly illustrated in FIG. 2 and 3. This scroll is rotatably mounted relative to the casing 1 by means of a bearing 10. We still observe the presence in said casing of a heat exchanger 11 located in the space determined between said turbine and the volute 9. A toothed crown 12 is associated with the volute 9 and meshes with a pinion 13 mounted at the end of a shaft 141 constituting the extension of the output shaft of an electric motor 14. As is will explain better below, the electric motor 14 drives the continuous or discontinuous rotation of the volute 9.

Cette dernière comprend tout d'abord un cylindre creux 91 (fig. 2 et 3) autour duquel est enroulée une collerette en hélice 92 dont l'arête d'origine 921 se trouve à l'une des extrémités 911 dudit cylindre 91, tandis que l'arête extrême 922 de la collerette 92 aboutissant à l'autre extrémité 912 du cylindre 91 se trouve en gros en vis-à-vis de celle 921 pour déterminer un passage libre axial 93. L'extrémité 911 du cylindre 91 située au niveau de l'arête 921 comporte un fond affectant la forme d'une cheminée 94 présentant en section transversale la forme d'un double entonnoir arrondi pour constituer dans son centre une ouverture 941.The latter first comprises a hollow cylinder 91 (FIGS. 2 and 3) around which a helical flange 92 is wound, the original edge 921 of which is at one of the ends 911 of said cylinder 91, while the extreme edge 922 of the flange 92 ending at the other end 912 of the cylinder 91 is roughly opposite that 921 to determine an axial free passage 93. The end 911 of the cylinder 91 located at of the edge 921 has a bottom affecting the shape of a chimney 94 having in cross section the shape of a double rounded funnel to constitute in its center an opening 941.

La partie du cylindre creux 91 dépassant au-delà de la collerette hélicoïdale 92 par rapport à la cheminée 94 est découpée suivant un diamètre afin que sa partie restante se raccorde à deux cloisons 95, 96 disposées parallèlement l'une par rapport à l'autre et issues des deux arêtes ainsi déterminées sur un diamètre du cylindre creux 91. Ces deux cloisons s'étendent donc vers l'extérieur et détermine un canal radial de récupération référencé 97, lequel communique avec l'intérieur du cylindre creux 91.The part of the hollow cylinder 91 protruding beyond the helical flange 92 relative to the chimney 94 is cut along a diameter so that its remaining part is connected to two partitions 95, 96 arranged parallel to each other and coming from the two edges thus determined over a diameter of the hollow cylinder 91. These two partitions therefore extend towards the outside and determines a radial recovery channel referenced 97, which communicates with the interior of the hollow cylinder 91.

On observe que de l'arête 921 et de la collerette hélicoïdale 92 part un déflecteur 98 de forme arrondie qui aboutit sous l'extrémité 911 du cylindre creux 91 suivant une arête 981 disposée en vis-à-vis de celle 922 de la collerette. Ces deux arêtes, situées dans un même plan transversal déterminent une ouie 99 disposée de manière diamétralement opposée par rapport au canal de récupération 97 au niveau de l'extrémité 912 du cylindre 91.It is observed that from the edge 921 and from the helical flange 92 a deflector 98 of rounded shape leaves which terminates under the end 911 of the hollow cylinder 91 along an edge 981 disposed opposite that 922 of the flange. These two edges, located in the same transverse plane, determine a hole 99 disposed diametrically opposite with respect to the recovery channel 97 at the end 912 of the cylinder 91.

On observe la présence de la couronne dentée 12 sur l'extrémité 911 du cylindre 91.The presence of the ring gear 12 on the end 911 of the cylinder 91 is observed.

On comprend aisément que la turbine 5 aspire le gaz contenu dans l'enveloppe 1 au niveau de son enceinte chauffante 7 à travers l'ouverture centrale 941 de la volute 9. Ce gaz aspiré est refoulé radialement pour être refroidi au contact de l'échangeur de chaleur 11 en suivant les flèches F. Après s'être refroidi au contact des éléments de cet échangeur, le gaz est projeté contre la face de la collerette hélicoïdale 92 située en vis-à-vis de l'échangeur précité 11, de telle sorte qu'il tourne suivant les flèches F1 pour arriver au passage 93 qu'il traverse pour être renvoyé par le déflecteur 98 dans une direction axiale illustrée par la flèche F2. Le courant de gaz ainsi refoulé pénètre dans l'enceinte 7 par une ou deux ouvertures 71, 72 adjacentes de cette enceinte pour ressortir par une ou deux ouvertures correspondantes disposées de manière diamétralement opposées sur cette enceinte.It is easily understood that the turbine 5 sucks the gas contained in the casing 1 at its heating chamber 7 through the central opening 941 of the volute 9. This sucked gas is discharged radially to be cooled in contact with the exchanger 11 by following the arrows F. After having cooled in contact with the elements of this exchanger, the gas is projected against the face of the helical flange 92 situated opposite the aforementioned exchanger 11, such so that it turns according to the arrows F1 to arrive at the passage 93 which it crosses to be returned by the deflector 98 in an axial direction illustrated by the arrow F2. The gas stream thus discharged enters the enclosure 7 through one or two openings 71, 72 adjacent to this enclosure to exit through one or two corresponding openings arranged diametrically opposite on this enclosure.

On a illustré ainsi en fig. 4 à 7 la manière dont le gaz traverse la charge 8. On a supposé en fig. 4 que l'ouie de refoulement 99 se trouvait à la partie inférieure de l'enveloppe 1, de telle sorte que le gaz pénètre dans l'enceinte 7 par dessous pour s'élever et s'échapper par les autres ouvertures de cette enceinte. Le gaz réchauffé dans l'enceinte 2 au contact de la charge 8 est ensuite récupéré dans le canal 97 pour être conduit à l'intérieur de la volute 9 à partir duquel il est aspiré par la turbine 5.There is thus illustrated in FIG. 4 to 7 the way in which the gas crosses the charge 8. It has been assumed in FIG. 4 that the discharge opening 99 was at the lower part of the casing 1, so that the gas enters the enclosure 7 from below to rise and escape through the other openings of this enclosure. The gas heated in the enclosure 2 in contact with the load 8 is then recovered in the channel 97 to be conducted inside the volute 9 from which it is sucked in by the turbine 5.

On comprend aisément qu'au fur et à mesure de la rotation de la volute 9, l'orientation du courant de gaz froid change, de telle sorte que le balayage des pièces constituant la charge est parfaitement assuré. Ces variations d'orientation sont particulièrement bien illustrées par les flèches de fig. 4 à 7. Bien entendu, si l'on veut privilégier une certaine direction d'écoulement du gaz froid, il est possible d'arrêter le moteur 14 ou de l'alimenter de manière cyclique, de telle sorte que la volute s'arrête un certain temps dans une orientation déterminée, puis repart et ainsi de suite.It is easily understood that as the volute 9 rotates, the orientation of the stream of cold gas changes, so that the scanning of the parts constituting the load is perfectly ensured. These variations in orientation are particularly well illustrated by the arrows in FIG. 4 to 7. Of course, if it is desired to favor a certain direction of flow of the cold gas, it is possible to stop the engine 14 or to supply it cyclically, so that the volute stops a certain time in a determined orientation, then sets out again and so on.

On a ainsi réalisé un four assurant un rendement maximal de la turbine sans pertes de charge importantes et en tout cas sans variation de ces dernières puisqu'elles sont identiques quelle que soit la position de la volute. De même, le débit d'air maximal est constant dans toutes les positions de cette dernière. Enfin, le rendement de l'échangeur de chaleur est maximal puisque l'air refoulé par la turbine le traverse entièrement.An oven has thus been produced ensuring maximum efficiency of the turbine without significant pressure losses and in any case without variation of the latter since they are identical whatever the position of the volute. Similarly, the maximum air flow is constant in all positions of the latter. Finally, the efficiency of the heat exchanger is maximum since the air discharged by the turbine passes entirely through it.

Claims (6)

1. Vacuum furnace for thermal treatment, of the type comprising a heating enclosure (7), in which is circulated a flow of gas cooled by a heat exchanger (11) surrounding the turbine (5) generating the said flux, characterised in that the cooled gas is advanced by means of a rotating volute (9), which, on the one hand, comprises means (92-99) for delivering this gas to the chamber (7) in orientations that vary in time in order to traverse the spaces situated between the articles to be treated in different successive directions, and, on the other hand, is provided with means (97, 94) for recovering the process gas in order to direct it towards the centre of the turbine (5).
2. Furnace according to claim 1, characterised in that the volute (9) is in the form of a helical flange (92) formed on the exterior of a hollow cylinder (91), the said cylinder comprising, at its end (912) where the flange (92) ends in the direction of delivery of the gas, a cut-out, so that the remaining part of the cylinder can be extended by means of two outwardly directed partitions (95, 96) forming a radial recovery channel (97) communicating with the interior of the cylinder (91).
3. Furnace according to claim 2, characterised in that a free axial space (93) is provided between the starting edge (921) and the terminal edge (922) of the helical flange (92) and in that a deflector (98) starts from the said starting edge (921) and ends in the axial direction opposite the terminal edge (922) of the said flange in order to form a delivery orifice (98).
4. Furnace according to claim 3, characterised in that the delivery orifice (98) is diametrically opposite the recovery channel (97).
5. Furnace according to claim 1, characterised in that a toothed ring (12) integral with the volute (9) meshes with a pinion (13) driven in rotation by an appropriate means (14).
6. Furnace according to claim 5, characterised in that the driving motor (14) of the pinion (13) is a variable-speed motor.
EP88420130A 1987-04-28 1988-04-22 Gas-cooled vacuum furnace for thermal treatment Expired - Lifetime EP0289435B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88420130T ATE59465T1 (en) 1987-04-28 1988-04-22 VACUUM FURNACE WITH GAS COOLING FOR HEAT TREATMENT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8706214 1987-04-28
FR8706214A FR2614683B1 (en) 1987-04-28 1987-04-28 GAS CURRENT VACUUM HEAT TREATMENT OVEN

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0289435A1 EP0289435A1 (en) 1988-11-02
EP0289435B1 true EP0289435B1 (en) 1990-12-27

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EP88420130A Expired - Lifetime EP0289435B1 (en) 1987-04-28 1988-04-22 Gas-cooled vacuum furnace for thermal treatment

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US4836776A (en)
EP (1) EP0289435B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE59465T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1290940C (en)
DE (1) DE3861415D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2020342B3 (en)
FR (1) FR2614683B1 (en)
GR (1) GR3001244T3 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GR3001244T3 (en) 1992-07-30
DE3861415D1 (en) 1991-02-07
EP0289435A1 (en) 1988-11-02
US4836776A (en) 1989-06-06
ATE59465T1 (en) 1991-01-15
FR2614683B1 (en) 1989-06-16
FR2614683A1 (en) 1988-11-04
CA1290940C (en) 1991-10-22
ES2020342B3 (en) 1991-08-01

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