EP0286981B1 - Procédé pour la fabrication d'esters méthyliques d'acides carboxyliques - Google Patents

Procédé pour la fabrication d'esters méthyliques d'acides carboxyliques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0286981B1
EP0286981B1 EP88105580A EP88105580A EP0286981B1 EP 0286981 B1 EP0286981 B1 EP 0286981B1 EP 88105580 A EP88105580 A EP 88105580A EP 88105580 A EP88105580 A EP 88105580A EP 0286981 B1 EP0286981 B1 EP 0286981B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acid
methanol
mixture
boiling point
carboxylic acid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88105580A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0286981A3 (en
EP0286981A2 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Weber
Peter Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Lappe
Helmut Dipl.-Ing. Springer
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Hoechst AG
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Hoechst AG
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Publication of EP0286981A3 publication Critical patent/EP0286981A3/de
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C07C67/08—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the preparation of carboxylic acid methyl esters from monocarboxylic acids having 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the molecule and methanol.
  • the reactants are passed into a mixture of a heat transfer medium and the catalyst at temperatures above the boiling point of the ester, but at least about 110 ° C.
  • the separation of the water of reaction can e.g. by adding a desiccant that binds the water or, preferably, by azeotropic distillation with the aid of entraining agents.
  • the ester formed is selectively dissolved out of the reaction mixture with the aid of a solvent.
  • methyl carboxylic acid is obtained by reacting carboxylic acids with methanol in the presence of acetone dimethyl acetal.
  • the dimethylacetal acts as a water-binding agent and as a supplier of methanol. If adipic acid, methanol and acetone dimethyl acetal are reacted in a molar ratio of 4: 5: 8, dimethyl adipate is obtained in 94% yield.
  • the economic viability of this procedure is impaired by the fact that the use of acetone dimethyl acetal increases the raw material costs and the formation of acetone in the course of the reaction increases the distillation effort.
  • 2-ethylbutyric acid methyl ester is prepared by reacting 1 mol of 2-ethylbutyric acid and 7 mol of methanol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. Despite a large excess of methanol, the ester yield is only 75%.
  • ion exchangers in the acidic form can also be used as catalysts in the esterification of carboxylic acids with methanol. So you get according to a regulation in J. Org. Chem. 36, (17), 2548-2550 (1971) methyl acetate from acetic acid and methanol in a molar ratio of 1:10 in the presence of a cation exchanger and CaSO4 as a drying agent.
  • DE-OS 20 50 678 describes the preparation of esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols in the presence of inert organic solvents and esterification catalysts.
  • the inert organic solvents used are hydrocarbons with a boiling point of from -10 to 200 ° C.
  • the catalysts used are acids or substances which form acids in the aqueous medium, together with aqueous salt solutions.
  • the production of methyl esters of saturated carboxylic acids requires reaction times of 10 hours (propionic acid) to 60 hours (valeric acid), the ester yields being only 68% and 66%, respectively.
  • the long reaction times, the use of hydrocarbons as extractants and the unsatisfactory yields prevent this process variant from being used.
  • the invention has for its object to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and to develop a process for the preparation of carboxylic acid methyl esters which enables the pure compounds to be obtained under economical conditions and in high yield with a simple reaction.
  • This object is achieved by a process for the preparation of carboxylic acid methyl esters from saturated or unsaturated, straight-chain or branched monocarboxylic acids having 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the molecule and methanol. It is characterized in that carboxylic acid and methanol in a molar ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 5 separately or as a mixture at temperatures above the boiling point of the resulting ester, but at least at 110 ° C in a mixture of an acid catalyst and one of the Conducts reaction conditions liquid, inert to the reactants and the reaction products, while maintaining a residence time of 0.1 to 5, in particular 0.5 to 2, hours.
  • reaction temperature is clearly above the boiling point of methanol
  • the process according to the invention surprisingly succeeds in producing carboxylic acid methyl ester in a simple manner and with a limited excess of methanol in very high yields.
  • Straight-chain or branched, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids having 1 to 5 carbon atoms can be used as starting materials in the process according to the invention.
  • Examples of such acids are acetic acid, propionic acid, n-butyric acid, isobutyric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, pivalic acid, acrylic acid.
  • the carboxylic acids can be used as a single compound. However, mixtures of two or more compounds can also be used as starting materials.
  • Suitable esterification catalysts are primarily strong mono- or polybasic, non-volatile inorganic or organic acids, such as sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, Methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, chlorosulfuric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, but also acidic salts such as sodium bisulfate. Concentrated sulfuric acid is particularly suitable. It is not necessary for the catalyst to dissolve completely in the heat transfer medium. It can also exist as a largely independent, heterogeneous phase.
  • a characteristic feature of the process according to the invention is the use of a heat transfer medium which heats the reactants to the required reaction temperature.
  • heat carriers liquid substances are understood to be inert to the reactants, the catalyst and the reaction products under the reaction conditions. Their boiling temperature must be significantly higher than the boiling temperature of the acid to be esterified or, if an acid mixture is present, than the boiling point of the highest boiling acid. Boiling point differences between acid and heat transfer medium of 50 and more ° C have proven themselves. Suitable heat carriers are biphenyl, 1- or 2-methylnaphthalene and diphenylmethane, and biphenyl has proven particularly useful.
  • the reaction of acid and methanol takes place at temperatures which are at least about 10 ° C. above the boiling point of the ester resulting from the reaction and which is at least about 110 ° C. It has proven useful to maintain temperatures of 10 to 100 ° C above the ester boiling point. When using acid mixtures, the reaction temperature depends on the boiling point of the highest-boiling ester.
  • the reactants can be used in equimolar amounts. However, it is often advisable to work with an excess of methanol and to allow up to 5 mol of methanol to act on 1 mol of carboxylic acid.
  • a molar ratio of carboxylic acid to methanol of 1: 1.75 to 1: 3 is preferred. Residence times of 0.1 to 5 and in particular 0.5 to 2 hours are expediently maintained.
  • the inert heat transfer medium and the dissolved or suspended catalyst are placed in a reactor and metered in continuously via a feed line or, if the feed is separate, via two lines of carboxylic acid and methanol.
  • a mixture of methyl carboxylate, methanol and water also distills off continuously.
  • the mixture is washed with water to remove the methanol.
  • the methanol-containing water phase is then separated off; the organic phase is then fractionally distilled.
  • the products obtained by the process according to the invention are colorless and have methyl carboxylate contents of more than 99%.
  • the process according to the invention can be carried out batchwise or in particular continuously.
  • Example 1 a mixture of 60.1 g (1 mol) of acetic acid and 80.1 g (2.5 mol) of methanol at a reaction temperature of 120 ° C. per hour is placed in a flask containing 200 g of biphenyl and 5.0 g of concentrated sulfuric acid dosed. A total of 841.2 g of starting material mixture are used within 6 hours. In the same period, 833.6 g of product distill over, the homogeneous distillate has the following composition: Methanol 35.3% Methyl acetate 51.6% acetic acid 0.3% water 12.6% Other 0.2%
  • Example 1 a mixture of 74.0 g (1 mol) of propionic acid and 80.1 g (2.5 mol) of methanol at a reaction temperature of 120 ° C. per hour is placed in a flask containing 200 g of biphenyl and 5.0 g of concentrated sulfuric acid dosed. A total of 1078.7 g of starting material mixture are used within 7 hours. Distill over 1069.3 g of product over the same period, the homogeneous distillate has the following composition: Methanol 32.0% Methyl propionate 56.2% Propionic acid 0.2% water 11.5% Other 0.1%
  • Example 1 a mixture of 88.0 g (1 mol) of butyric acid and 80.1 g (2.5 mol) of methanol at a reaction temperature of 120 ° C. per hour is placed in a flask of 200 g of biphenyl and 5.0 g of concentrated sulfuric acid dosed. A total of 1176.7 g of starting material mixture are used within 7 hours. In the same period, 1124.9 g of product distill over, the homogeneous distillate has the following composition: Methanol 30.0% Methyl butyrate 58.7% Butyric acid 0.1% water 11.1% Other 0.1%
  • Example 1 a mixture of 102.0 g (1.16 mol) of isobutyric acid and 80.1 g (2.5 mol) of methanol at a reaction temperature of 120 per hour is placed in a flask of 200 g of biphenyl and 5.0 g of concentrated sulfuric acid ° C metered into the reaction flask. A total of 1274.7 g of starting material mixture are used within 7 hours. Distill over 1265.8 g of product over the same period, the homogeneous distillate has the following composition: Methanol 24.5% Isobutyric acid methyl ester 63.0% Isobutyric acid 1.0% water 11.1% Other 0.4%
  • Example 1 a mixture of 102.0 g (1.0 mol) of valeric acid and 80.1 g (2.5 mol) of methanol at a reaction temperature of 140 is hourly placed in a flask containing 200 g of biphenyl and 5.0 g of concentrated sulfuric acid ° C metered. A total of 1274.7 g of starting material mixture are used within 7 hours. In the same period, 1095.5 g of product distill over, the homogeneous distillate has the following composition: Methanol 31.2% Valeric acid methyl ester 57.0% water 11.2% Other 0.6%
  • Example 1 a mixture of 102.0 g (1.0 mol) of 2-methylbutyric acid and 80.1 g (2.5 mol) of methanol is hourly placed in a flask with 200 g of biphenyl and 5.0 concentrated sulfuric acid at a reaction temperature of 130 ° C metered. Overall, within 7 Hours 1274.7 g of starting material mixture used. Distill over 1145.3 g of product over the same period; the homogeneous distillate has the following composition: Methanol 29.9% 2-methylbutyric acid methyl ester 59.2% 2-methyl butyric acid 0.1% water 10.7% Other 0.1%
  • Example 1 a mixture of 102.0 g (1.0 mol) of 3-methylbutyric acid and 80.1 g (2.5 mol) of methanol is introduced into a flask containing 200 g of biphenyl and 5.0 g of concentrated sulfuric acid per hour at a reaction temperature metered in from 130 ° C. A total of 1274.7 g of starting material mixture are used within 7 hours. Distill over 1139.4 g of product over the same period, the homogeneous distillate has the following composition: Methanol 29.9% 3-methylbutyric acid methyl ester 58.9% 3-methylbutyric acid 0.1% water 11.0% Other 0.1%
  • Example 1 a mixture of 72.0 g (1 mol) of acrylic acid and 80.1 g (2.5 mol) of methanol at a reaction temperature of 120 ° C. per hour is placed in a flask containing 200 g of biphenyl and 5.0 g of concentrated sulfuric acid dosed. A total of 912.6 g of starting material mixture are used within 6 hours. In the same period, 839.3 g of product distill over, the homogeneous distillate has the following composition: Methanol 38.5% Acrylic acid methyl ester 50.5% Acrylic acid ⁇ 0.1% water 10.6% Other 0.4%
  • Example 1 a mixture of 86.0 g (1 mol) of methacrylic acid and 80.1 g (2.5 mol) of methanol at a reaction temperature of 120 ° C. per hour is placed in a flask of 200 g of biphenyl and 5.0 g of concentrated sulfuric acid dosed. A total of 996.6 g of starting material mixture are used within 6 hours. In the same period, 941.0 g of product distill over, the homogeneous distillate has the following composition: Methanol 33.0% Methyl methacrylate 56.7% Methacrylic acid ⁇ 0.1% water 10.2% Other 0.1%

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Procédé de préparation d'esters méthyliques d'acides carboxyliques à partir d'acides monocarboxyliques saturés ou insaturés à chaîne droite ou ramifiée contenant 1 à 5 atomes de carbone dans la molécule et du méthanol, caractérisé en ce que l'on envoie l'acide carboxylique et le méthanol à un rapport molaire de 1:1 à 1:5, séparément ou à l'état de mélange, à des températures supérieures au point d'ébullition de l'ester formé mais à 110°C au moins, dans un mélange d'un catalyseur acide et d'un agent de transfert de la chaleur liquide dans les conditions de la réaction, inerte à l'égard des réactifs et des produits de réaction, en maintenant une durée de passage de 0,1 à 5, de préférence de 0,5 à 2 h.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'agent de transfert de la chaleur bout à au moins 50°C au-dessus de l'acide à estérifier.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'agent de transfert de la chaleur est le biphényle.
  4. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise l'acide sulfurique en tant que catalyseur d'estérification.
  5. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la température de réaction est supérieure de 10 à 100°C à la température d'ébullition de l'ester formé.
  6. Procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le rapport molaire acide carboxylique/méthanol est de 1:1,75 à 1:3.
EP88105580A 1987-04-15 1988-04-08 Procédé pour la fabrication d'esters méthyliques d'acides carboxyliques Expired - Lifetime EP0286981B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3712835 1987-04-15
DE19873712835 DE3712835A1 (de) 1987-04-15 1987-04-15 Verfahren zur herstellung von carbonsaeuremethylestern

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0286981A2 EP0286981A2 (fr) 1988-10-19
EP0286981A3 EP0286981A3 (en) 1989-10-11
EP0286981B1 true EP0286981B1 (fr) 1993-02-03

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EP88105580A Expired - Lifetime EP0286981B1 (fr) 1987-04-15 1988-04-08 Procédé pour la fabrication d'esters méthyliques d'acides carboxyliques

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EP (1) EP0286981B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3712835A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19742097C1 (de) * 1997-09-24 1998-12-10 Henkel Kgaa Verfahren zur Gewinnung von hellfarbigen Fettsäureniedrigalkylestern mit vermindertem Gehalt an freiem und gebundenem Glycerin
FR2935971B1 (fr) 2008-09-16 2010-11-19 Arkema France Acide bio-acrylique de grade polymere et son procede de fabrication a partir de glycerol.
FR2938536B1 (fr) * 2008-11-18 2012-07-13 Arkema France Procede de fabrication d'un methacrylate de methyle derive de la biomasse
CN106278936B (zh) * 2016-08-16 2018-10-16 北京颖泰嘉和生物科技股份有限公司 一种异丁酰肼的制备方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3607C (de) * TH. KOEPPE, Büchsenmacher, in Magdeburg Einrichtungen am Verschlufs des Zündnadel-Jagdgewehres

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5826843A (ja) * 1981-08-11 1983-02-17 Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd アクリル酸エステルまたはメタクリル酸エステルの製造方法

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3607C (de) * TH. KOEPPE, Büchsenmacher, in Magdeburg Einrichtungen am Verschlufs des Zündnadel-Jagdgewehres

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0286981A3 (en) 1989-10-11
DE3712835A1 (de) 1988-11-03
EP0286981A2 (fr) 1988-10-19
DE3878006D1 (de) 1993-03-18

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