EP0284831B1 - Hydraulic control device for groups of consumers - Google Patents

Hydraulic control device for groups of consumers Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0284831B1
EP0284831B1 EP88103532A EP88103532A EP0284831B1 EP 0284831 B1 EP0284831 B1 EP 0284831B1 EP 88103532 A EP88103532 A EP 88103532A EP 88103532 A EP88103532 A EP 88103532A EP 0284831 B1 EP0284831 B1 EP 0284831B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
line
control
valve
pressure
consumer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88103532A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0284831A2 (en
EP0284831A3 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Brunner
Harald Dipl.-Ing. Klemens (Fh)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heilmeier and Weinlein Fabrik fuer Oel Hydraulik GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Heilmeier and Weinlein Fabrik fuer Oel Hydraulik GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to AT88103532T priority Critical patent/ATE79448T1/en
Publication of EP0284831A2 publication Critical patent/EP0284831A2/en
Publication of EP0284831A3 publication Critical patent/EP0284831A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0284831B1 publication Critical patent/EP0284831B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/16Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors
    • F15B11/161Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors with sensing of servomotor demand or load
    • F15B11/165Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor with two or more servomotors with sensing of servomotor demand or load for adjusting the pump output or bypass in response to demand
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66CCRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
    • B66C23/00Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
    • B66C23/88Safety gear
    • B66C23/90Devices for indicating or limiting lifting moment
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • F15B13/0416Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor with means or adapted for load sensing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/20Fluid pressure source, e.g. accumulator or variable axial piston pump
    • F15B2211/205Systems with pumps
    • F15B2211/2053Type of pump
    • F15B2211/20546Type of pump variable capacity
    • F15B2211/20553Type of pump variable capacity with pilot circuit, e.g. for controlling a swash plate
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/305Directional control characterised by the type of valves
    • F15B2211/30525Directional control valves, e.g. 4/3-directional control valve
    • F15B2211/3053In combination with a pressure compensating valve
    • F15B2211/30535In combination with a pressure compensating valve the pressure compensating valve is arranged between pressure source and directional control valve
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/31Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element
    • F15B2211/3122Special positions other than the pump port being connected to working ports or the working ports being connected to the return line
    • F15B2211/3127Floating position connecting the working ports and the return line
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/31Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element
    • F15B2211/3144Directional control characterised by the positions of the valve element the positions being continuously variable, e.g. as realised by proportional valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/30Directional control
    • F15B2211/32Directional control characterised by the type of actuation
    • F15B2211/321Directional control characterised by the type of actuation mechanically
    • F15B2211/324Directional control characterised by the type of actuation mechanically manually, e.g. by using a lever or pedal
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50509Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50518Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using pressure relief valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50Pressure control
    • F15B2211/55Pressure control for limiting a pressure up to a maximum pressure, e.g. by using a pressure relief valve
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/605Load sensing circuits
    • F15B2211/6051Load sensing circuits having valve means between output member and the load sensing circuit
    • F15B2211/6052Load sensing circuits having valve means between output member and the load sensing circuit using check valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/60Circuit components or control therefor
    • F15B2211/605Load sensing circuits
    • F15B2211/6051Load sensing circuits having valve means between output member and the load sensing circuit
    • F15B2211/6055Load sensing circuits having valve means between output member and the load sensing circuit using pressure relief valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/705Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor characterised by the type of output members or actuators
    • F15B2211/7051Linear output members
    • F15B2211/7053Double-acting output members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/70Output members, e.g. hydraulic motors or cylinders or control therefor
    • F15B2211/71Multiple output members, e.g. multiple hydraulic motors or cylinders

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hydraulic control device of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • the monitoring valve limits the pressure in the relief control line, only a volume flow reduced according to the action of the overgrowth valve is available for the directional control slide to move the consumer back, although the consumer might need a larger volume flow to move back. A direction-dependent for each consumer and for both directions of movement Individual monitoring is not possible with this hydraulic control device.
  • the control line branch is connected directly to the tank via a single relief control line.
  • a pressure-controlled limit valve is included in the relief control line as a monitoring valve. The consumer is monitored regardless of the direction in which it is applied, i.e. regardless of the control position in which the control spool is moved.
  • a relief control line is not connected directly to the tank but to the directional control slide in such a way that it only connects the relief control line to the tank when it is in a control position is moved in which the hydraulic motor would be moved beyond a load limit.
  • This has the advantage that the hydraulic motor can be moved unaffected by the monitoring valve in the relief control line in the opposite direction in which it falls below the load limit again. Since the Relief control line maintains the pressure for the inflow controller of the control device, if the control device were expanded by adding several directional control slides for additional consumers, none of the further directional control slides would work if the monitoring valve responded and the relief control line was relieved.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a hydraulic control device of the type mentioned, in which consumers supplied by several directional spool valves can be monitored without mutual interference and depending on their direction of action.
  • the associated directional control slide valve is only switched off when it is brought into a control position which would cause the consumer to move beyond the pressure or stroke limit.
  • the directional control spool at which the monitoring valve has responded is adjusted to a control position in which its consumer is in one of the If the direction of the pressure limit or the stroke limit is undershot, the monitoring valve mentioned is automatically ignored because the directional control slide then does not connect the relief control line to the tank. If the consumer is to be monitored in both directions, and in different ways, e.g. to different pressure limits or to a pressure limit in one direction of movement and a stroke limit in the other direction of movement, this can be achieved in a simple manner by two relief control lines on the directional spool connected and in each of its two control positions one is unloaded to the tank, and that a monitoring valve is provided and individually adjusted in each unloading control line.
  • the hydraulic control device offers increased safety and is particularly useful for mobile cranes or similar machines or devices equipped with several hydraulic motors and cylinders as consumers.
  • the control device of the hydraulic control device can, in the case of a constant pump as a pressure source, be a 3-way controller or a control device for a pump (control pump) which can be regulated with regard to the volume flow.
  • the embodiment of claim is also advantageous 3, because the pressure relief valve as a monitoring valve directly monitors the pressure prevailing in the control line branch without requiring a direct connection to the consumer or actuation.
  • the monitoring valve is a 2/2-way valve which is actuated by the consumer or by an element which can be moved or influenced by the consumer when a stroke limit (linear stroke or rotary stroke) is reached.
  • the 2/2-way valve automatically resumes its blocking position when the stroke limit is undershot again.
  • Another useful embodiment is set out in claim 5.
  • the two monitoring valves work together so that a path and a pressure limit for the consumer are monitored simultaneously, depending on the direction.
  • Proportional directional spool valves of this type are well suited for the additional function of relieving the relief control line to the tank due to their design.
  • the measures of claim 7 are expedient because the relief control lines are each relieved prematurely to act on the respective consumer line, so that the directional control slide is switched off immediately without supplying the consumer with harmful pressure medium.
  • the relief control line is connected so that the spool of the Directional control valve establishes the connection to the return channel on the side opposite the consumer connection with respect to the pump connection, which would subsequently be connected to the pump connection in order to pressurize the consumer beyond the pressure or stroke limit.
  • the main control line is relieved in a simple manner when the passage is depressurized, i.e. when all directional control spools are in the neutral position.
  • a hydraulic control device 1 for a group of consumers V has a control device R (FIG. 1) and five proportional directional spool valves S1 - S5, each with its own two-way inflow controller Z1 - Z5.
  • the consumers V are a double-acting cylinder 2, a hydraulic motor 3, a double-acting cylinder 4, a double-acting cylinder 5 with stroke limitation and a double-acting cylinder 6 with stroke limitation.
  • a common pressure medium source, here a constant pump 7, is provided to act on the consumers V.
  • the volume flow that flows from the pump to the individual directional spool valves S1-S5 is regulated in a control device R.
  • a 3-way controller 8 of conventional design is provided for this purpose.
  • a pump line 9 leads on the one hand to the control device R and on the other hand to the inlet regulators Z1 - Z5 of the control slides S1 - S5, which are connected in parallel to one another.
  • a tank line 10 is connected via branch lines to the directional control valve S1-S5 on the one hand and the control device R on the other hand.
  • the maximum system pressure is limited by an adjustable pressure relief valve 11 incorporated in the control device R.
  • a main control line 12 also leads to the control device R, which is supplied with a consumer pressure-dependent control pressure from the directional control spools S1-S5 in a manner explained later and which serves to control the 3-way controller 8 and to pilot the pressure limiting valve 11.
  • An auxiliary control line 13, which branches off from the pump line 9 and is guided over all directional control slides S1-S5, contains a pressure reducing valve 54, with which a certain pressure in the auxiliary control line 13 is maintained in the unpressurized passage.
  • the directional control valve S1 - S5 are designed identically in this embodiment, so that only the Directional spool valve S1 is explained in detail (see also Fig. 3).
  • the directional control slide valve S1 contains a piston slide valve 14 which can be adjusted between a zero position with zero pressure circulation via the 3-way controller 8 in two control positions a and b.
  • consumer lines 15, 16 lead to the two sides of the double-acting cylinder 2.
  • branch lines 17, 18 are arranged in the housing, which are outside of taps 19, 20 of the consumer lines 15, 16.
  • Flow paths 21, 22 and 23, 24 are formed in the slide piston.
  • the taps 19, 20 and the connecting lines 26 and 27 are drawn out of the housing of the directional control slide S1 in FIG. 1. In practice, however, these are contained inside the directional control slide (see FIG. 3 and as will be explained later).
  • the connecting lines 25 and 28, which in the two control positions can be connected to the branch lines 17, 18 via the channels 21 and 24 and are shown as connected to the tank line 19, run inside the directional control valve S1.
  • the spool 14 is adjusted either by pressure pre-control (control lines 29, 30) and a control 31 indicated only schematically from the control line 13 or by a hand lever 32.
  • a control line branch 34 is connected to the connecting lines 26, 27 of the taps 19, 20 and leads via a throttle to the control side of the two-way inlet controller Z1, the inlet controller Z1 on the other hand piloting from the part of the pump line 9 lying between the inlet controller and the directional control valve S1 becomes.
  • the control line branch 34 is connected to the main control line 12 via a spur line 33 and a check valve 35 blocking in the direction of the directional control valve S1.
  • a relief control line 37 branches off from the control line branch 34 and is divided into two branches 36, 38.
  • Monitoring branches 39, 40 are contained in both branches 36, 38, in the present exemplary embodiment in each case individually adjustable pressure relief valves which are pilot-controlled from the relief control line 37.
  • the two branches 36, 38 are connected to the spur lines 17, 18 of the housing of the directional control valve S1. They are locked in the neutral position shown.
  • an adjustable pressure limiting valve 41 which is pilot-controlled from the relief control line 37, is also contained as a monitoring valve 41. Downstream of the monitoring valve 41, the relief control line 37 opens directly into the tank 42.
  • the relief control line 37 is connected to the branch line 17 only via the branch 38.
  • a monitoring valve 43 is provided, again an adjustable pressure relief valve 43 that is pilot-controlled from the relief control line 37.
  • the relief control line 37 is connected to the branch 36 and the branch line 18 via a monitoring valve 44.
  • the monitoring valve 44 is a 2/2-way valve which can be actuated by a stop 45 of the double-acting cylinder at a stroke limit of the latter in such a way that it gives up its shut-off position, which is normally held by spring force, and into a through position switches.
  • the relief line 37 is in turn connected to the branch line 18 via the branch 36.
  • two monitoring valves 46, 47 are connected in series, namely a 2/2-way valve that can be actuated by the stop 45 as with the directional control slide S4, and an adjustable pressure relief valve piloted from the relief control line 37.
  • the hydraulic control device works as follows: In the illustrated zero position of all directional control slides S1 - S5, the pressure medium flows in a pressureless circuit via the 3-way controller 8, which switches to the through position, to the tank line 10 From the pump line 9 to the consumer line 15 via the open inlet regulator Z1.
  • the consumer line 16 is connected to the tank line 10 via the slide piston 14.
  • the piston rod extends to the right in FIG. 1.
  • the control line branch 34 is acted upon by control pressure via the tap 19 and the channel 22 and the connecting line 26. This control pressure, together with the pilot pressure from the pump line 9, controls the inflow regulator Z1 with regard to the volume flow required for the cylinder 2.
  • the pressure in the control line branch 34 also reaches the main control line 12 via the check valve 35, where it is used to control the 3-way controller 8, which on the other hand is directly pilot-controlled from the pump line.
  • the 3-way controller 8 provides at least the volume flow ready that the consumer 2 needs.
  • the branch 38 of the relief control line 37, 38 is connected via the branch line 17 and the channel 21 to the connecting line 25 to the tank line 10. However, the pressure relief valve 40 has not responded, so that the pressure in the relief control line 37 is maintained.
  • the branch 36 is still blocked off from the tank line 10.
  • each other of the directional control slide S2 - S5 can be actuated in the same way. If a larger volume flow is required for one of the consumers V of the further directional control slide S2 - S5, the pressure in the main control line 12 rises accordingly, so that the 3-way controller 8 provides a larger volume flow.
  • the inflow controller Z1 of the first directional control slide S1 regulates the volume flow for the consumer 2 assigned to it, regardless of the volume flow in the pump line.
  • the monitoring valve 40 responds and leaves the relief control line 37 via the branch 38, the branch line 17. the channel 21 and the tank line 10 from so much pressure medium that the inlet controller Z1 throttles the volume flow to such an extent that the cylinder 2 can no longer extend. This pressure limit is maintained. If the directional control slide S1 is then adjusted to its control position b, the piston rod of the cylinder 2 can be retracted again, since this direction of movement of the cylinder 2 is monitored by the other monitoring valve 39, which has not responded. To this The pressure limit can be fallen below again and the piston rod of the cylinder 2 can be retracted accordingly.
  • the monitoring valve 39 responds and limits the pressure in the relief control line 37 so that the inflow regulator Z1 in turn only provides a throttled volume flow which prevents the piston rod from being drawn in too far. Then the branch 36 is relieved via the stub 18 and the channel 24 to the tank line 10. The work of the other consumers V is not impaired by the above-mentioned functions, because the directional control slide S1 acts independently of the other directional control slides S2 -S5 through its inflow controller Z1. If the pressure in the control line branch 34 is limited or reduced in the aforementioned manner, this change in pressure is not communicated to the main control line 12 since the check valve 35 then blocks. The check valve 35 also prevents the control line circuit associated with the directional control slide, for example S1, from being influenced at higher pressure in the main control line.
  • the hydraulic motor 3 is monitored by the monitoring valve 41 for the same pressure limit in both directions of movement, so that the inlet controller Z2 throttles the volume flow when the same pressure is reached and stops the hydraulic motor 3 as soon as the monitoring valve 41 has responded.
  • the cylinder 4 is only monitored in the extension direction of the piston rod by the monitoring valve 43. If a dangerous pressure limit is reached in the control position a of the directional spool valve S3, this is caused by the Monitoring valve 43 discharged through pressure medium via the branch 38, the branch line 17 and the spool 14 to the tank. If the directional control slide S3 is moved into its second control position b, the piston rod of the cylinder 4 is retracted without pressure monitoring.
  • the piston rod of the cylinder 5 is extended in the second control position b until the stop 45 actuates the monitoring valve 44, so that the relief control line 37 is suddenly relieved to the tank line 10 via the branch 36, the branch line 18 and the spool 14.
  • the inlet regulator Z4 switches off completely.
  • the cylinder 5 no longer receives pressure medium, unless the directional control slide S4 is moved into its first control position a, in which the piston rod of the cylinder 5 can be retracted.
  • the piston rod of the cylinder is extended in the second control position b until the stop 45 actuates the monitoring valve 46.
  • the pressure in the relief control line 37 is not reduced entirely, but only to the extent specified by the downstream pressure-limiting monitoring valve 47, namely via branch 36, branch line 18 and spool 14 to tank line 10 an additional safety function is given because the piston rod of the cylinder 6 can be moved beyond the stroke limit, provided that the pressure in the relief control line 37 does not rise above a dangerous pressure limit (monitored by the pressure limit monitoring valve 47).
  • Control device R ⁇ instead of the control device R of FIG. 1 is provided. It is a so-called control pump 7 ⁇ , which for larger volume flows, for example 120l / min. and more is used because then the pump delivery for the unpressurized circulation can be regulated to a low pressure or low volume flow. From the pump 7 ⁇ , the pump line 9 leads to the inlet regulators Z1 - Z5. The tank line 10 leads back to the tank.
  • the main control line 12 supplied from the taps of the directional control valve S1 - S5 leads in the control device R ⁇ via a pressure-independent quantity regulator 51, which serves to relieve the main control line 12 when the directional control valve is not actuated (pressureless circulation), to a servo cylinder 52 which has a control valve 53 actuated in a pump branch line 9..
  • the control part of the pump 7 ⁇ is actuated by an actuating cylinder 48 supplied from the pump line branch 9 ⁇ in one direction and by a spring-loaded cylinder 49 in the other direction.
  • the spring-loaded cylinder 49 is connected to the control slide 53.
  • the volume flow in the pump line 9 is controlled with these components as a function of the required volume of the consumers.
  • a pressure relief valve 50 for limiting the system pressure is also provided between the pump line 9 and the tank line 10. Furthermore, a pressure reducing valve 54 is connected to the pump line 9, which regulates the control pressure in the control line 13 to a fixed pressure value (eg 35 bar).
  • the control line 13 is used for the regulation of the control elements 31 when the slide piston 14 of the directional control valves S1-S5 is actuated by pressure.
  • the control pump in the control device R ⁇ is used for example for mobile cranes of larger types, in which volume flows over 120l / min. are needed because the control pump for these cases operates with less loss than the constant pump 7 of FIG. 1.
  • the check valves 35 which are arranged between the main control line 12 and each branch line 33 to form a control line branch 34 and which block in the direction of flow to the directional control spools S1-S5, as shuttle valves (35 ⁇ ) , as indicated in Fig. 4. Furthermore, the main control line 12 is then connected behind the last directional control valve S5 (in an end plate) to the tank line 10 and from the branch line 33 a branch 33ön to the directional control valve, e.g. S5, connected, the piston valve 14 ⁇ is equipped with a channel 33 ⁇ in the neutral position open to a tank connection 33 ′′′.
  • the shuttle valve 35 ⁇ the closing member of which shuts off one of two end connections 12b, 33a, is inserted into the main control line 12 with its central connection 12a and one end connection 12b.
  • the other end connection 33a is connected to the stub 33 to the control line branch 34.
  • the proportional directional control valve S1 is recognizable in its structure, which corresponds to the proportional directional control valve S2 - S5. It has a housing 55 with a bore 56 for the slide piston 14. End caps 57 and 58 contain springs 59 which define the zero position of the slide piston 14 and at the same time ensure that it is secured against rotation.
  • the actuating lever 32 is mounted on the end cap 58 and is connected to the slide piston 14 via a coupling member 60.
  • chambers are formed in which the movement of the slide piston 14 can be controlled in a pressure-dependent manner via the control lines 29, 30 is.
  • the control element 31 is expediently attached to the housing 55.
  • the spool 14 has on both sides of a central sealing zone annular grooves 61 and 62 which are separated by control edges 63, 64 and 65, 66 from the adjacent sealing zones.
  • the pump connection P which is connected to the pump line 9, is provided in the center of the housing 55.
  • Consumer connections A and B are provided on both sides of the pump connection P as circumferential grooves in the bore 56, which are connected to the consumer lines 15 and 16.
  • return connections R designed as tap holes are provided, which are connected to the tank line 10 and form the connection lines 25, 28 for the relief control line branches 36, 38.
  • the spur lines 17, 18 are drilled from a housing outside to the bore 56, the mouths of which are indicated by dashed lines.
  • the mouths of the branch lines 17, 18 are a short distance behind the control edges 63 and 66 and are shut off from the sealing zones of the spool 14 there.
  • the two connecting lines 26, 27 of the taps can also be seen, which are connected together to the control line branch 34 (indicated by a bore).
  • the branch 38 of the relief line 37 is connected to the spur line 17 and the branch 36 to the spur line 18, ie the branches are connected crosswise, so at Connection of the pump connection P to the consumer connection A of the branch 38 is relieved via the branch line 17, while when the pump connection P is connected to the consumer connection B the branch 36 is relieved of the branch line 18 to the tank line.
  • the spool 14 can not only be adjusted to the control positions a and b to act on the cylinder 2 accordingly, but intermediate positions of the spool 14 are possible in which the volume flow to the consumer is proportional to the displacement of the spool 14. A very sensitive control of the movement of the cylinder 2 is possible in this way, the inflow controller Z1 being controlled accordingly.
  • the channel 33 ⁇ must also be provided, which connects the branch 33 ⁇ to R only in the neutral position.
  • the particular advantage of the hydraulic control device according to the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 4 is that different maximum consumer pressures are limited at the same time, and consumers with higher pressure levels can be driven, because the response of a monitoring valve has no influence on simultaneously driven consumers with higher or has lower pressure in terms of volume flow or pressure.
  • a relief control line to the main control line 12 and to route the directional control spool S1-S5 via a branch line 17 or 18 and also in the relief control line to use a 2/2-way solenoid valve, which is controlled by a pressure sensor that taps the pressure in any consumer line of a consumer. If the consumers of the directional control valve connected to the relief line would then be acted upon and the load torque would be exceeded, the 3-way controller between the pump and the tank line is switched off via the relief control line, so that none of the consumers can work as long as it is not in a direction reducing the load moment is moved.

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Abstract

In such control devices, the monitoring valve switches off the supply controller at the pressure or stroke limit or it limits the effective volumetric flow. The monitoring valve does not tell whether the consumer has actually exceeded or fallen short of the pressure or stroke limit, because it responds independently of the operating direction of the consumer. The novel control device is to directionally monitor the consumers. To directionally monitor the consumers (V), the control line branch (34) is constantly attached via the relief control line (36, 37, 38) to the displacement control slide (S1 - S5) and in the interior of the same can be attached directly to the tank solely in a control position (a or b) in which the consumer has been loaded in a direction in which it exceeds a predetermined pressure or stroke limit in the group of consumers. Although the monitoring valve responds, the relieving or limiting function only comes to bear if the displacement control slide reaches a control position in which the consumer would move in a direction in which it exceeds the pressure or stroke limit. On account of the directional monitoring of the consumers, the control device is suitable, for example, for the simultaneous control of various operating cylinders and hydraulic motors in mobile cranes. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine hydraulische Steuervorrichtung der im Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Art.The invention relates to a hydraulic control device of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.

Aus einer Druckschrift "lastunabhängige Proportionalventile PVG 60 HK.50", der Firma Danfoss, herausgegeben 1983, S. 22, unteres Bild, ist eine hydraulische Steuervorrichtung dieser Art bekannt, bei der in der Entlastungssteuerleitung jedes Wegesteuerschiebers wenigstens ein Überwachungsventil vorgesehen ist. Die Entlastungssteuerleitung verläuft dabei direkt vom Steuerleitungszweig zum Tank. Dies führt zu dem Nachteil, daß jeder Verbraucher hinsichtlich einer Druck- oder Hubgrenze unabhängig davon überwacht wird, in welcher Richtung er beaufschlagt ist. Wird der Druck aus der Entlastungsleitung bei Erreichen einer Druck- oder Hubgrenze völlig abgebaut, so kann der Verbraucher nicht mehr zurückbewegt werden, weil der Zulaufregler des Wegesteuerventils abgeschaltet bleibt. Es sind dann zusätzliche Maßnahmen erforderlich, um zum Zurückbewegen des Verbrauchers das Überwachungsventil zu ignorieren. Begrenzt das Überwachungsventil hingegen den Druck in der Entlastungssteuerleitung, so steht zum Zurückbewegen des Verbrauchers nur ein entsprechend der Einwirkung des Überwachsungsventils geminderter Volumensstrom für den Wegesteuerschieber zur Verfügung, obwohl der Verbraucher gegebenenfalls zum Zurückbewegen einen größeren Volumensstrom bräuchte. Für jeden Verbraucher eine richtungsabhängige und für beide Bewegungsrichtungen individuelle Überwachung ist bei dieser hydraulischen Steuervorrichtung nicht möglich.From a document "load-independent proportional valves PVG 60 HK.50", Danfoss, published 1983, p. 22, lower picture, a hydraulic control device of this type is known, in which at least one monitoring valve is provided in the relief control line of each directional spool. The relief control line runs directly from the control line branch to the tank. This leads to the disadvantage that each consumer is monitored for a pressure or stroke limit regardless of the direction in which it is applied. If the pressure from the relief line is completely reduced when a pressure or stroke limit is reached, the consumer can no longer be moved back because the inlet regulator of the directional control valve remains switched off. Additional measures are then required to ignore the monitoring valve to move the consumer back. If, on the other hand, the monitoring valve limits the pressure in the relief control line, only a volume flow reduced according to the action of the overgrowth valve is available for the directional control slide to move the consumer back, although the consumer might need a larger volume flow to move back. A direction-dependent for each consumer and for both directions of movement Individual monitoring is not possible with this hydraulic control device.

Bei einer aus der DE-A-2656 059 bekannten hydraulischen Steuervorrichtung ist der Steuerleitungszweig über eine einzige Entlastungssteuerleitung direkt mit dem Tank verbunden. In der Entlastungssteuerleitung ist als Überwachungsventil ein druckvorgesteuertes Begrenzungsventil enthalten. Der Verbraucher wird unabhängig von der Richtung überwacht, in der er beaufschlagt ist, d.h. unabhängig davon, in welche Steuerstllung der Steuerschieber bewegt wird. Damit ist der Nachteil verbunden, daß bei Erreichen einer gefährlichen Druckgrenze das Begrenzungsventil den Druck in der Entlastungssteuerleitung verringert oder begrenzt, und daß der Zweiwegeregler, der als Zulaufregler zum Wegesteuerschieber dient, nur eine begrenzte oder verringerte Menge dem Wegesteuerschieber zuführt, um den Verbraucher zum erneuten Unterschreiten der Druckgrenze zu beaufschlagen.In a hydraulic control device known from DE-A-2656 059, the control line branch is connected directly to the tank via a single relief control line. A pressure-controlled limit valve is included in the relief control line as a monitoring valve. The consumer is monitored regardless of the direction in which it is applied, i.e. regardless of the control position in which the control spool is moved. This has the disadvantage that the limit valve reduces or limits the pressure in the relief control line when a dangerous pressure limit is reached, and that the two-way controller, which serves as an inflow controller for the directional control spool, only feeds a limited or reduced amount to the directional control spool in order to renew the consumer To fall below the pressure limit.

Bei einer aus der DE-A-3022 592 bekannten hydraulischen Steuervorrichtung mit einem Wegesteuerschieber für einen doppelseitig beaufschlagbaren Hydromotor ist eine Entlastungssteuerleitung nicht unmittelbar an den Tank sondern an den Wegsteuerschieber derart angeschlossen, daß dieser die Entlastungssteuerleitung erst dann mit dem Tank verbindet, wenn er in eine Steuerstellung bewegt wird, in der der Hydromotor über eine Lastgrenze hinaus bewegt würde. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß der Hydraulikmotor durch das Überwachungsventil in der Entlastungssteuerleitung unbeeinflußt in der Gegenrichtung bewegt werden kann, in der er die Lastgrenze wieder unterschreitet. Da die Entlastungssteuerleitung den Druck für den Zulaufregler der Steuervorrichtung hält, würde, falls die Steuervorrichtung durch Hinzunahme mehrerer Wegesteuerschieber für weitere Verbraucher erweitert würde, bei Ansprechen des Überwachungsventils und Entlasten der Entlastungssteuerleitung keiner der weiteren Wegesteuerschieber mehr arbeiten.In a hydraulic control device known from DE-A-3022 592 with a directional control slide for a double-acting hydraulic motor, a relief control line is not connected directly to the tank but to the directional control slide in such a way that it only connects the relief control line to the tank when it is in a control position is moved in which the hydraulic motor would be moved beyond a load limit. This has the advantage that the hydraulic motor can be moved unaffected by the monitoring valve in the relief control line in the opposite direction in which it falls below the load limit again. Since the Relief control line maintains the pressure for the inflow controller of the control device, if the control device were expanded by adding several directional control slides for additional consumers, none of the further directional control slides would work if the monitoring valve responded and the relief control line was relieved.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine hydraulische Steuervorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei der von mehreren Wegesteuerschiebern versorgte Verbraucher ohne gegenseitige Beeinflussung und in Abhängigkeit von ihrer Beaufschlagungsrichtung überwachbar sind.The invention has for its object to provide a hydraulic control device of the type mentioned, in which consumers supplied by several directional spool valves can be monitored without mutual interference and depending on their direction of action.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit den im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 angegebenen Merkmalen gelöst.The object is achieved according to the invention with the features specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Bei dieser Ausbildung wird trotz Ansprechens des Überwachungsventils bei Erreichen einer Druck- oder Hubgrenze eines Verbrauchers der diesen zugehörige Wegesteuerschieber nur dann abgeschaltet, wenn er in eine Steuerstellung gebracht wird, die ein Weiterbewegen des Verbrauchers über die Druck- oder Hubgrenze hinaus bewirken würde. D.h., es wird der Verbraucher richtungsabhängig überwacht, ohne daß dies einen Einfluß auf die Versorgung der anderen Verbraucher der Verbrauchergruppe hätte, und zwar aufgrund des für jeweils einen Wegesteuerschieber zuständigen Zulaufreglers, der den Wegsteuerschieber abschaltet, ohne den Volumensstrom in der Pumpenleitung zu den anderen Wegesteuerschiebern zu beeinflussen. Wird der Wegesteuerschieber, bei dem das Überwachungsventil angesprochen hat, hingegen in eine Steuerstellung verstellt, in der sein Verbraucher in eine die Druckgrenze oder Hubgrenze unterschreitende Richtung beaufschlagt wird, so wird selbsttätig das angesprochene Überwachungsventil ignoriert, weil der Wegesteuerschieber die Entlastungssteuerleitung dann nicht mit dem Tank verbindet. Falls der Verbraucher in biden Richtungen überwacht werden soll, und dabei auf unterschiedliche Weise, z.B. auf unterschiedliche Druckgrenzen oder auf eine Druckgrenze in einer Bewegungsrichtung und eine Hubgrenze in der anderen Bewegungsrichtung, so ist dies auf einfache Weise dadurch erreichbar, daß zwei Entlastungssteuerleitungen an den Wegesteuerschieber angeschlossen und in dessen beiden Steuerstellungen jeweils eine zum Tank entlastet wird, und daß in jeder Entlastungssteuerleitung ein Überwachungsventil vorgesehen und individuell eingestellt wird. Die hydraulische Steuervorrichtung bietet auf diese Weise eine erhöhte Sicherheit und ist im besonderen für Mobilkräne oder ähnliche mit mehreren Hydromotoren und Zylindern als Verbraucher ausgestattete Maschinen oder Einrichtungen zweckmäßig. Die Regelvorrichtung der hydraulischen Steuervorrichtung kann dabei bei einer Konstantpumpe als Druckquelle ein 3-Wegeregler oder eine Regelvorrichtung für eine hinsichtlich des Volumensstromes regelbare Pumpe (Regelpumpe) sein.With this design, despite the response of the monitoring valve when a pressure or stroke limit of a consumer is reached, the associated directional control slide valve is only switched off when it is brought into a control position which would cause the consumer to move beyond the pressure or stroke limit. This means that the consumer is monitored in a direction-dependent manner, without this having any influence on the supply to the other consumers in the consumer group, due to the inlet controller responsible for one directional control valve, which switches the directional control valve off, without the volume flow in the pump line to the other directional control valves to influence. If, however, the directional control spool at which the monitoring valve has responded is adjusted to a control position in which its consumer is in one of the If the direction of the pressure limit or the stroke limit is undershot, the monitoring valve mentioned is automatically ignored because the directional control slide then does not connect the relief control line to the tank. If the consumer is to be monitored in both directions, and in different ways, e.g. to different pressure limits or to a pressure limit in one direction of movement and a stroke limit in the other direction of movement, this can be achieved in a simple manner by two relief control lines on the directional spool connected and in each of its two control positions one is unloaded to the tank, and that a monitoring valve is provided and individually adjusted in each unloading control line. In this way, the hydraulic control device offers increased safety and is particularly useful for mobile cranes or similar machines or devices equipped with several hydraulic motors and cylinders as consumers. The control device of the hydraulic control device can, in the case of a constant pump as a pressure source, be a 3-way controller or a control device for a pump (control pump) which can be regulated with regard to the volume flow.

Eine zweckmäßige Ausführungsform geht aus Anspruch 2 hervor. Der Verbraucher bzw. der Wegesteuerschieber wird in beiden Richtungen individuell überwacht und abgeschaltet, wenn in jeder Richtung eine Druck- oder Hubgrenze erreicht wird. In der Gegenrichtung ist der Verbraucher hingegen unverändert beaufschlagbar. Weitere Verbraucher in der Verbrauchergruppe werden durch das Abschalten des Wegesteuerschiebers nicht beeinflußt.An expedient embodiment emerges from claim 2. The consumer or the directional control slide is individually monitored in both directions and switched off when a pressure or stroke limit is reached in each direction. In the opposite direction, however, the consumer can still be applied. Switching off the directional spool does not affect other consumers in the consumer group.

Vorteilhaft ist ferner die Ausführungsform von Anspruch 3, weil das Druckbegrenzungsventil als Überwachungsventil unmittelbar den im Steuerleitungszweig herrschenden Druck überwacht, ohne eine direkte Verbindung zum Verbraucher bzw. eine Betätigung zu benötigen.The embodiment of claim is also advantageous 3, because the pressure relief valve as a monitoring valve directly monitors the pressure prevailing in the control line branch without requiring a direct connection to the consumer or actuation.

Eine andere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform geht aus Anspruch 4 hervor. Hier ist das Überwachungsventil ein 2/2-Wegeventil, das vom Verbraucher oder von einem mit dem Verbraucher bewegbaren oder von ihm beeinflußten Element betätigt wird, wenn eine Hubgrenze (Linearhub oder Drehhub) erreicht wird. Das 2/2-Wegeventil nimmt seine Sperrstellung selbsttätig wieder ein, wenn die Hubgrenze wieder unterschritten wurde.Another advantageous embodiment emerges from claim 4. Here, the monitoring valve is a 2/2-way valve which is actuated by the consumer or by an element which can be moved or influenced by the consumer when a stroke limit (linear stroke or rotary stroke) is reached. The 2/2-way valve automatically resumes its blocking position when the stroke limit is undershot again.

Eine weitere, zweckmäßige Ausführungsform geht aus Anspruch 5 hervor. Die beiden Überwachungsventile arbeiten zusammen, so daß gleichzeitig eine Weg- und eine Druckgrenze für den Verbraucher, und zwar individuell richtungsabhängig, überwacht werden.Another useful embodiment is set out in claim 5. The two monitoring valves work together so that a path and a pressure limit for the consumer are monitored simultaneously, depending on the direction.

In der Praxis läßt sich das vorerwähnte Überwachungsprinzip besonders zweckmäßig gemäß Anspruch 6 realisieren. Derartig Proportional-Wegesteuerschieber sind von ihrer konstruktiven Konzeption für die zusätzliche Funktion der Entlastung der Entlastungssteuerleitung zum Tank gut geeignet.In practice, the aforementioned monitoring principle can be implemented particularly expediently according to claim 6. Proportional directional spool valves of this type are well suited for the additional function of relieving the relief control line to the tank due to their design.

Zweckmäßig sind dabei die Maßnahmen von Anspruch 7, weil die Entlastungssteuerleitungen jeweils voreilend zu einer Baufschlagung der jeweiligen Verbraucherleitung entlastet werden, so daß der Wegesteuerschieber unmittelbar abgeschaltet wird, ohne dem Verbraucher noch schädliches Druckmittel zuzuführen. Die Entlastungssteuerleitung ist dabei jeweils so angeschlossen, daß der Schieberkolben des Wegesteuerschiebers die Verbindung mit dem Rücklaufkanal an der in bezug auf den Pumpenanschluß dem Verbraucheranschluß gegenüberliegenden Seite herstellt, der darauffolgend mit dem Pumpenanschluß verbunden würde, um den Verbraucher über die Druck- oder Hubgrenze hinaus zu beaufschlagen.The measures of claim 7 are expedient because the relief control lines are each relieved prematurely to act on the respective consumer line, so that the directional control slide is switched off immediately without supplying the consumer with harmful pressure medium. The relief control line is connected so that the spool of the Directional control valve establishes the connection to the return channel on the side opposite the consumer connection with respect to the pump connection, which would subsequently be connected to the pump connection in order to pressurize the consumer beyond the pressure or stroke limit.

Bei den Ausführungsformen der Ansprüche 8 und 9 wird auf einfache Weise eine Entlastung der Hauptsteuerleitung bei drucklosem Durchlauf , d.h., bei Neutralstellung aller Wegesteuerschieber erreicht.In the embodiments of claims 8 and 9, the main control line is relieved in a simple manner when the passage is depressurized, i.e. when all directional control spools are in the neutral position.

Anhand der Zeichnung werden Ausführungsformen des Erfindungsgegenstandes erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein Blockschaltbild einer hydraulischen Steuervorrichtung für eine Verbrauchergruppe,
Fig. 2
eine Variante der Regelvorrichtung für die hydraulische Steuervorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
einen Längsschnitt eines Wegesteuerschiebers, wie er für hydraulische Steuervorrichtung gemäß den Fig. 1 und 2 zweckmäßig ist, und
Fig. 4
eine Detailvariante.
Embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are explained with the aid of the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
1 shows a block diagram of a hydraulic control device for a consumer group,
Fig. 2
1 shows a variant of the control device for the hydraulic control device according to FIG. 1,
Fig. 3
a longitudinal section of a directional control slide, as it is useful for hydraulic control device according to FIGS. 1 and 2, and
Fig. 4
a detailed variant.

Eine hydraulische Steuervorrichtung 1 für eine Gruppe von Verbrauchern V weist eine Regelvorrichtung R (Fig. 1) sowie fünf Proportional-Wegesteuerschieber S1 - S5 mit jeweils eigenem Zweiwege-Zulaufregler Z1 - Z5 auf. Die Verbraucher V sind ein doppelseitig beaufschlagbarer Zylinder 2, ein Hydraulikmotor 3, ein doppelseitig beaufschlagbarer Zylinder 4, ein doppelseitig beaufschlagbarer Zylinder 5 mit Hubbegrenzung und ein doppelseitig beaufschlagbarer Zylinder 6 mit Hubbegrenzung. Zur Beaufschlagung der Verbraucher V ist eine gemeinsame Druckmittelquelle, hier eine Konstantpumpe 7, vorgesehen. In einer Regelvorrichtung R wird der Volumensstrom, der von der Pumpe zu den einzelnen Wegesteuerschiebern S1 - S5 strömt geregelt. Dazu ist ein 3-Wegeregler 8 üblicher Bauart vorgesehen. Von der Pumpe 7 führt eine Pumpenleitung 9 einerseits zur Regelvorrichtung R und andererseits zu den Zulaufreglern Z1 - Z5 der Steuerschieber S1 - S5, die parallel zueinander angeschlossen sind. Eine Tankleitung 10 ist über Zweigleitungen an die Wegesteuerschieber S1 - S5 einerseits und die Regelvorrichtung R andererseits angeschlossen. Der maximale Systemdruck wird durch ein in die Regelvorrichtung R eingegliedertes, einstellbares Druckbegrenzungsventil 11 begrenzt. Zur Regelvorrichtung R führt ferner eine Hauptsteuerleitung 12, die auf später erläuterte Weise aus den Wegesteuerschiebern S1 -S5 mit einem verbraucherdruckabhängigen Steuerdruck beaufschlagt wird und zur Steuerung des 3-Wegereglers 8 sowie zur Vorsteuerung des Druckbegrenzungsventils 11 dient. Eine Hilfssteuerleitung 13, die von der Pumpenleitung 9 abzweigt und über alle Wegesteuerschieber S1 - S5 geführt ist, enthält ein Druckminderventil 54, mit dem im drucklosen Durchlauf ein bestimmter Druck in der Hilfssteuerleitung 13 aufrechterhalten wird.A hydraulic control device 1 for a group of consumers V has a control device R (FIG. 1) and five proportional directional spool valves S1 - S5, each with its own two-way inflow controller Z1 - Z5. The consumers V are a double-acting cylinder 2, a hydraulic motor 3, a double-acting cylinder 4, a double-acting cylinder 5 with stroke limitation and a double-acting cylinder 6 with stroke limitation. A common pressure medium source, here a constant pump 7, is provided to act on the consumers V. The volume flow that flows from the pump to the individual directional spool valves S1-S5 is regulated in a control device R. A 3-way controller 8 of conventional design is provided for this purpose. From the pump 7, a pump line 9 leads on the one hand to the control device R and on the other hand to the inlet regulators Z1 - Z5 of the control slides S1 - S5, which are connected in parallel to one another. A tank line 10 is connected via branch lines to the directional control valve S1-S5 on the one hand and the control device R on the other hand. The maximum system pressure is limited by an adjustable pressure relief valve 11 incorporated in the control device R. A main control line 12 also leads to the control device R, which is supplied with a consumer pressure-dependent control pressure from the directional control spools S1-S5 in a manner explained later and which serves to control the 3-way controller 8 and to pilot the pressure limiting valve 11. An auxiliary control line 13, which branches off from the pump line 9 and is guided over all directional control slides S1-S5, contains a pressure reducing valve 54, with which a certain pressure in the auxiliary control line 13 is maintained in the unpressurized passage.

Die Wegesteuerschieber S1 - S5 sind bei dieser Ausführungsform identisch konzipiert, so daß nur der Wegesteuerschieber S1 im Detail erläutert wird (s. auch Fig. 3). Der Wegesteuerschieber S1 enthält einen Kolbenschieber 14, der zwischen einer Nullstellung bei drucklosem Umlauf über den 3-Wegeregler 8 in zwei Steuerstellungen a und b verstellbar ist. Vom Gehäuse des Wegesteuerschiebers S1 führen Verbraucherleitungen 15, 16 zu den beiden Seiten des doppelt wirkenden Zylinders 2. Ferner sind Stichleitungen 17, 18 im Gehäuse angeordnet, die außerhalb von Anzapfungen 19, 20 der Verbraucherleitungen 15, 16 liegen. Im Schieberkolben sind Strömungswege 21, 22 und 23, 24 ausgebildet. Ferner sind Anschlußleitungen 25 und 28 sowie 26 und 27 vorhanden. Die Anzapfungen 19, 20 und die Anschlußleitungen 26 und 27 sind in Fig. 1 aus dem Gehäuse des Wegesteuerschiebers S1 herausführend gezeichnet. In der Praxis sind diese jedoch im Inneren des Wegesteuerschiebers enthalten (s. Fig. 3 und wie später erläutert wird). Auch die Anschlußleitungen 25 und 28, die in den beiden Steuerstellungen über die Kanäle 21 bzw. 24 mit den Stichleitungen 17, 18 verbindbar sind und als an die Tankleitung 19 angeschlossen gezeigt sind, verlaufen im Inneren des Wegesteuerschiebers S1.The directional control valve S1 - S5 are designed identically in this embodiment, so that only the Directional spool valve S1 is explained in detail (see also Fig. 3). The directional control slide valve S1 contains a piston slide valve 14 which can be adjusted between a zero position with zero pressure circulation via the 3-way controller 8 in two control positions a and b. From the housing of the directional control valve S1, consumer lines 15, 16 lead to the two sides of the double-acting cylinder 2. Furthermore, branch lines 17, 18 are arranged in the housing, which are outside of taps 19, 20 of the consumer lines 15, 16. Flow paths 21, 22 and 23, 24 are formed in the slide piston. There are also connecting lines 25 and 28 and 26 and 27. The taps 19, 20 and the connecting lines 26 and 27 are drawn out of the housing of the directional control slide S1 in FIG. 1. In practice, however, these are contained inside the directional control slide (see FIG. 3 and as will be explained later). The connecting lines 25 and 28, which in the two control positions can be connected to the branch lines 17, 18 via the channels 21 and 24 and are shown as connected to the tank line 19, run inside the directional control valve S1.

Der Schieberkolben 14 wird entweder durch Druckvorsteuerung (Steuerleitungen 29, 30) und eine nur schematisch angedeutete Steuerung 31 aus der Steuerleitung 13 oder durch einen Handhebel 32 verstellt.The spool 14 is adjusted either by pressure pre-control (control lines 29, 30) and a control 31 indicated only schematically from the control line 13 or by a hand lever 32.

An die Anschlußleitungen 26, 27 der Anzapfungen 19, 20 ist ein Steuerleitungszweig 34 angeschlossen, der über eine Drossel zur Steuerseite des Zweiwege-Zulaufreglers Z1 führt, wobei der Zulaufregler Z1 andererseits aus der zwischen dem Zulaufregler und dem Wegesteuerschieber S1 liegenden Teil der Pumpenleitung 9 vorgesteuert wird.A control line branch 34 is connected to the connecting lines 26, 27 of the taps 19, 20 and leads via a throttle to the control side of the two-way inlet controller Z1, the inlet controller Z1 on the other hand piloting from the part of the pump line 9 lying between the inlet controller and the directional control valve S1 becomes.

Der Steuerleitungszweig 34 ist über eine Stichleitung 33 und ein in Richtung zum Wegesteuerschieber S1 sperrendes Rückschlagventil 35 an die Hauptsteuerleitung 12 angeschlossen. Vom Steuerleitungszweig 34 zweigt eine Entlastungssteuerleitung 37 ab, die sich in zwei Zweige 36, 38 aufteilt. In beiden Zweigen 36, 38 sind Überwachungsventile 39, 40 enthalten, im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel jeweils individuell einstellbare und aus der Entlastungssteuerleitung 37 vorgesteuerte Druckbegrenzungsventile. Die beiden Zweige 36, 38 sind an die Stichleitungen 17, 18 des Gehäuses des Wegesteuerschiebers S1 angeschlossen. Sie werden in der dargestellten Neutralstellung abgesperrt.The control line branch 34 is connected to the main control line 12 via a spur line 33 and a check valve 35 blocking in the direction of the directional control valve S1. A relief control line 37 branches off from the control line branch 34 and is divided into two branches 36, 38. Monitoring branches 39, 40 are contained in both branches 36, 38, in the present exemplary embodiment in each case individually adjustable pressure relief valves which are pilot-controlled from the relief control line 37. The two branches 36, 38 are connected to the spur lines 17, 18 of the housing of the directional control valve S1. They are locked in the neutral position shown.

In der Entlastungssteuerleitung 37 des zweiten Wegesteuerschiebers S2 ist als Überwachungsventil 41 ebenfalls ein aus der Entlastungssteuerleitung 37 vorgesteuertes, einstellbares Druckbegrenzungsventil 41 enthalten. Stromab zum Überwachungsventil 41 mündet die Entlastungssteuerleitung 37 unmittelbar in den Tank 42.In the relief control line 37 of the second directional control slide S2, an adjustable pressure limiting valve 41, which is pilot-controlled from the relief control line 37, is also contained as a monitoring valve 41. Downstream of the monitoring valve 41, the relief control line 37 opens directly into the tank 42.

Beim dritten Wegesteuerschieber S3 ist die Entlastungssteuerleitung 37 nur über den Zweig 38 mit der Stichleitung 17 verbunden. Hier ist ein Überwachungsventil 43, wiederum ein aus der Entlastungssteuerleitung 37 vorgesteuertes, einstellbares Druckbegrenzungsventil 43 vorgesehen.In the third directional control slide S3, the relief control line 37 is connected to the branch line 17 only via the branch 38. Here, a monitoring valve 43 is provided, again an adjustable pressure relief valve 43 that is pilot-controlled from the relief control line 37.

Beim vierten Wegesteuerschieber S4 ist die Entlastungssteuerleitung 37 über ein Überwachungsventil 44 mit dem Zweig 36 und der Stichleitung 18 verbunden. Das Überwachungsventil 44 ist ein 2/2-Wegeventil, das durch einen Anschlag 45 des doppelt wirkenden Zylinders an einer Hubgrenze desselben so betätigbar ist, daß es seine normalerweise durch Federkraft gehaltene Absperrstellung aufgibt und in eine Durchgangsstellung schaltet.In the fourth directional control slide valve S4, the relief control line 37 is connected to the branch 36 and the branch line 18 via a monitoring valve 44. The monitoring valve 44 is a 2/2-way valve which can be actuated by a stop 45 of the double-acting cylinder at a stroke limit of the latter in such a way that it gives up its shut-off position, which is normally held by spring force, and into a through position switches.

Beim fünften Wegesteuerschieber S5 ist wiederum die Entlastungsleitung 37 über den Zweig 36 an die Stichleitung 18 angeschlossen. In der Entlastungssteuerleitung 37, 36 sind zwei Überwachungsventile 46, 47 hintereinander geschaltet, und zwar ein 2/2-Wegeventil, das durch den Anschlag 45 wie beim Wegesteuerschieber S4 betätigbar ist, sowie ein aus der Entlastungssteuerlitung 37 vorgesteuertes, einstellbares Druckbegrenzungsventil.In the fifth directional control valve S5, the relief line 37 is in turn connected to the branch line 18 via the branch 36. In the relief control line 37, 36, two monitoring valves 46, 47 are connected in series, namely a 2/2-way valve that can be actuated by the stop 45 as with the directional control slide S4, and an adjustable pressure relief valve piloted from the relief control line 37.

Die hydraulische Steuervorrichtung arbeitet wie folgt:
In der dargestellten Nullstellung aller Wegesteuerschieber S1 - S5 strömt das Druckmittel im drucklosen Umlauf über den in die Durchgangsstellung schaltenden 3-Wegeregler 8 zur Tankleitung 10. Wird der Wegesteuerschieber S1 in seine Steuerstellung a verstellt (durch Druckbeaufschlagung über die Steuerleitung 29) so strömt das Druckmittel über den offenen Zulaufregler Z1 aus der Pumpenleitung 9 zur Verbraucherleitung 15. Die Verbraucherleitung 16 ist über den Schieberkolben 14 an die Tankleitung 10 angeschlossen. Die Kolbenstange fährt in Fig. 1 nach rechts aus. Über die Anzapfung 19 und den Kanal 22 sowie die Anschlußleitung 26 wird der Steuerleitungszweig 34 mit Steuerdruck beaufschlagt. Dieser Steuerdruck steuert zusammen mit dem Vorsteuerdruck aus der Pumpenleitung 9 den Zulaufregler Z1 im Hinblick auf den für den Zylinder 2 erforderlichen Volumensstrom. Der Druck im Steuerleitungszweig 34 gelangt über das Rückschlagventil 35 auch in die Hauptsteuerleitung 12, wo er zum Steuern des 3-Wegereglers 8 eingesetezt wird, der andererseits aus der Pumpenleitung direkt vorgesteuert wird. Der 3-Wegeregler 8 stellt mindestens den Volumensstrom bereit, den der Verbraucher 2 benötigt. Der Zweig 38 der Entlastungssteuerleitung 37, 38 ist über die Stichleitung 17 und den Kanal 21 mit der Anschlußleitung 25 zur Tankleitung 10 verbunden. Das Druckbegrenzungsventil 40 hat jedoch nicht angesprochen, so daß der Druck in der Entlastungssteuerleitung 37 gehalten wird. Der Zweig 36 ist noch von der Tankleitung 10 abgesperrt.
The hydraulic control device works as follows:
In the illustrated zero position of all directional control slides S1 - S5, the pressure medium flows in a pressureless circuit via the 3-way controller 8, which switches to the through position, to the tank line 10 From the pump line 9 to the consumer line 15 via the open inlet regulator Z1. The consumer line 16 is connected to the tank line 10 via the slide piston 14. The piston rod extends to the right in FIG. 1. The control line branch 34 is acted upon by control pressure via the tap 19 and the channel 22 and the connecting line 26. This control pressure, together with the pilot pressure from the pump line 9, controls the inflow regulator Z1 with regard to the volume flow required for the cylinder 2. The pressure in the control line branch 34 also reaches the main control line 12 via the check valve 35, where it is used to control the 3-way controller 8, which on the other hand is directly pilot-controlled from the pump line. The 3-way controller 8 provides at least the volume flow ready that the consumer 2 needs. The branch 38 of the relief control line 37, 38 is connected via the branch line 17 and the channel 21 to the connecting line 25 to the tank line 10. However, the pressure relief valve 40 has not responded, so that the pressure in the relief control line 37 is maintained. The branch 36 is still blocked off from the tank line 10.

Gleichzeitig mit der Betätigung des Wegesteuerschiebers S1 kann jeder andere der Wegesteuerschieber S2 - S5 auf gleiche Weise betätigt werden. Wird bei einem der Verbraucher V der weiteren Wegesteuerschieber S2 - S5 ein größerer Volumensstrom benötigt, so steigt der Druck in der Hauptsteuerleitung 12 entsprechend an, so daß der 3-Wegeregler 8 einen größeren Volumenstrom bereitstellt. Der Zulaufregler Z1 des ersten Wegesteuerschiebers S1 regelt den Volumenstrom jedoch für den ihm zugeordneten Verbraucher 2 unabhängig vom Volumensstrom in der Pumpenleitung.Simultaneously with the actuation of the directional control slide S1, each other of the directional control slide S2 - S5 can be actuated in the same way. If a larger volume flow is required for one of the consumers V of the further directional control slide S2 - S5, the pressure in the main control line 12 rises accordingly, so that the 3-way controller 8 provides a larger volume flow. The inflow controller Z1 of the first directional control slide S1, however, regulates the volume flow for the consumer 2 assigned to it, regardless of the volume flow in the pump line.

Sobald nun durch das Ausfahren der Kolbenstange des Zylinders 2 eine Druckgrenze erreicht wird, die eine Gefahr darstellt, und auf die das Überwachungsventil 40 eingestellt ist, so spricht das Überwachungsventil 40 an und läßt aus der Entlastungssteuerleitung 37 über den Zweig 38, die Stichleitung 17, den Kanal 21 und die Tankleitung 10 so viel Druckmittel ab, daß der Zulaufregler Z1 den Volumenstrom soweit abdrosselt, daß der Zylinder 2 nicht mehr weiter ausfahren kann. Diese Druckgrenze wird eingehalten. Wird dann der Wegesteuerschieber S1 in seine Steuerstellung b verstellt, so läßt sich die Kolbenstange des Zylinders 2 wieder einfahren, da diese Bewegungsrichtung des Zylinders 2 durch das andere Überwachungsventil 39 überwacht wird, das nicht angesprochen hat. Auf diese Weise kann die Druckgrenze wieder unterschritten und die Kolbenstange des Zylinders 2 entsprechend eingefahren werden. Wird beim Einfahren der Kolbenstange wiederum eine kritische Druckgrenze erreicht, dann spricht das Überwachungsventil 39 an und begrenzt den Druck in der Entlastungssteuerleitung 37 so, daß der Zulaufregler Z1 wiederum nur einen gedrosselten Volumensstrom bereitstellt, der ein zu weites Einziehen der Kolbenstange verhindert. Dann wird der Zweig 36 über die Stichleitung 18 und den Kanal 24 zur Tankleitung 10 entlastet. Das Arbeiten der anderen Verbraucher V wird durch die vorerwähnten Funktionen nicht beeinträchtigt, weil der Wegesteuerschieber S1 durch seinen Zulaufregler Z1 unabhängig von den anderen Wegesteuerschiebern S2 -S5 agiert. Wird der Druck im Steuerleitungszweig 34 auf die vorerwähnte Weise begrenzt oder abgesenkt, so teilt sich diese Druckveränderung der Hauptsteuerleitung 12 nicht mit, da dann das Rückschlagventil 35 sperrt. Das Rückschlagventil 35 verhindert auch die Beeinflussung des dem Wegesteuerschieber, z.B. S1, zugehörigen Steuerleitungskreises bei höherem Druck in der Hauptsteuerleitung.As soon as a pressure limit is reached as a result of the extension of the piston rod of the cylinder 2, which represents a danger, and to which the monitoring valve 40 is set, the monitoring valve 40 responds and leaves the relief control line 37 via the branch 38, the branch line 17. the channel 21 and the tank line 10 from so much pressure medium that the inlet controller Z1 throttles the volume flow to such an extent that the cylinder 2 can no longer extend. This pressure limit is maintained. If the directional control slide S1 is then adjusted to its control position b, the piston rod of the cylinder 2 can be retracted again, since this direction of movement of the cylinder 2 is monitored by the other monitoring valve 39, which has not responded. To this The pressure limit can be fallen below again and the piston rod of the cylinder 2 can be retracted accordingly. If a critical pressure limit is reached again when the piston rod is retracted, then the monitoring valve 39 responds and limits the pressure in the relief control line 37 so that the inflow regulator Z1 in turn only provides a throttled volume flow which prevents the piston rod from being drawn in too far. Then the branch 36 is relieved via the stub 18 and the channel 24 to the tank line 10. The work of the other consumers V is not impaired by the above-mentioned functions, because the directional control slide S1 acts independently of the other directional control slides S2 -S5 through its inflow controller Z1. If the pressure in the control line branch 34 is limited or reduced in the aforementioned manner, this change in pressure is not communicated to the main control line 12 since the check valve 35 then blocks. The check valve 35 also prevents the control line circuit associated with the directional control slide, for example S1, from being influenced at higher pressure in the main control line.

Beim zweiten Wegesteuerschieber S2 wird der Hydraulikmotor 3 in beiden Bewegungsrichtungen vom Überwachungsventil 41 auf die gleiche Druckgrenze überwacht, so daß der Zulaufregler Z2 jeweils bei Erreichen des gleichen Drucks den Volumensstrom drosselt und den Hydraulikmotor 3 anhält, sobald das Überwachungsventil 41 angesprochen hat.In the second directional control valve S2, the hydraulic motor 3 is monitored by the monitoring valve 41 for the same pressure limit in both directions of movement, so that the inlet controller Z2 throttles the volume flow when the same pressure is reached and stops the hydraulic motor 3 as soon as the monitoring valve 41 has responded.

Beim Wegesteuerschieber S3 wird der Zylinder 4 nur in Ausfahrrichtung der Kolbenstange durch das Überwachungsventil 43 überwacht. Wird in der Steuerstellung a des Wegesteuerschiebers S3 eine gefährliche Druckgrenze erreicht, so wird das durch das Überwachungsventil 43 durchgehende Druckmittel über den Zweig 38, die Stichleitung 17 und den Schieberkolben 14 zum Tank abgelassen. Wird der Wegesteuerschieber S3 in seine zweite Steuerstellung b verstellt, so wird die Kolbenstange des Zylinders 4 ohne Drucküberwachung eingefahren.In the directional control slide S3, the cylinder 4 is only monitored in the extension direction of the piston rod by the monitoring valve 43. If a dangerous pressure limit is reached in the control position a of the directional spool valve S3, this is caused by the Monitoring valve 43 discharged through pressure medium via the branch 38, the branch line 17 and the spool 14 to the tank. If the directional control slide S3 is moved into its second control position b, the piston rod of the cylinder 4 is retracted without pressure monitoring.

Beim vierten Wegesteuerschieber S4 wird in der zweiten Steuerstellung b die Kolbenstange des Zylinders 5 ausgefahren, bis der Anschlag 45 das Überwachungsventil 44 betätigt, so daß die Entlastungssteuerleitung 37 über den Zweig 36, die Stichleitung 18 und den Schieberkolben 14 schlagartig zur Tankleitung 10 entlastet wird. Der Zulaufregler Z4 schaltet zur Gänze ab. Der Zylinder 5 erhält kein Druckmittel mehr, sofern nicht der Wegesteuerschieber S4 in seine erste Steuerstellung a verstellt wird, in der die Kolbenstange des Zylinders 5 wieder eingefahren werden kann.In the fourth directional control valve S4, the piston rod of the cylinder 5 is extended in the second control position b until the stop 45 actuates the monitoring valve 44, so that the relief control line 37 is suddenly relieved to the tank line 10 via the branch 36, the branch line 18 and the spool 14. The inlet regulator Z4 switches off completely. The cylinder 5 no longer receives pressure medium, unless the directional control slide S4 is moved into its first control position a, in which the piston rod of the cylinder 5 can be retracted.

Beim fünften Wegesteuerschieber S5 wird in der zweiten Steuerstellung b die Kolbenstange des Zylinders ausgefahren, bis der Anschlag 45 das Überwachungsventil 46 betätigt. Der Druck in der Entlastungssteuerleitung 37 wird jedoch nicht zur Gänze abgebaut, sondern nur in dem Maß, wie es durch das nachgeschaltete DrucksbegrenzungsÜberwachungsventil 47 vorgegeben ist, und zwar dann über den Zweig 36, die Stichleitung 18 und den Schieberkolben 14 zur Tankleitung 10. Hier ist eine zusätzliche Sicherheitsfunktion gegeben, weil die Kolbenstange des Zylinders 6 über die Hubgrenze hinaus verfahren werden kann, sofern der Druck in der Entlastungssteuerleitung 37 nicht über eine gefährliche Druckgrenze (überwacht durch das Druckbegrenzungs-Überwachungsventil 47) ansteigt.In the fifth directional control slide S5, the piston rod of the cylinder is extended in the second control position b until the stop 45 actuates the monitoring valve 46. However, the pressure in the relief control line 37 is not reduced entirely, but only to the extent specified by the downstream pressure-limiting monitoring valve 47, namely via branch 36, branch line 18 and spool 14 to tank line 10 an additional safety function is given because the piston rod of the cylinder 6 can be moved beyond the stroke limit, provided that the pressure in the relief control line 37 does not rise above a dangerous pressure limit (monitored by the pressure limit monitoring valve 47).

Bei der Ausführungsform von Fig. 2 ist eine Regelvorrichtung Rʹ anstelle der Regelvorrichtung R von Fig. 1 vorgesehen. Es handelt sich dabei um eine sogenannte Regelpumpe 7ʹ, die für größere Volumenströme, z.B. 120l/min. und mehr verwendet wird, weil dann die Pumpenförderung für den drucklosen Umlauf auf einen geringen Druck bzw. geringen Volumenstrom abgeregelt werden kann. Von der Pumpe 7ʹ führt die Pumpenleitung 9 zu den Zulaufreglern Z1 - Z5. Die Tankleitung 10 führt zum Tank zurück. Die aus den Anzapfungen der Wegesteuerschieber S1 - S5 versorgte Hauptsteuerleitung 12 führt in der Regelvorrichtung Rʹ über einen druckunabhängigen Mengenregler 51, der zum Entlasten der Hauptsteuerleitung 12 bei Nichtbetätigung der Wegesteuerschieber dient (druckloser Umlauf), zu einem Servo-Zylinder 52, der einen Regelschieber 53 in einer Pumpenzweigleitung 9ʹ betätigt. Der Regelteil der Pumpe 7ʹ wird durch einen aus dem Pumpenleitungszweig 9ʹ versorgten Stellzylinder 48 in einer Richtung und aus einem Federspeicherzylinder 49 in der anderen Richtung betätigt. Der Federspeicherzylinder 49 ist an den Regelschieber 53 angeschlossen. Mit diesen Komponenten wird der Volumenstrom in der Pumpenleitung 9 in Abhängigkeit vom benötigten Volumen der Verbraucher gesteuert. Zwischen der Pumpenleitung 9 und der Tankleitung 10 ist ferner ein Druckbegrenzungsventil 50 zur Begrenzung des Systemdrucks vorgesehen. Ferner ist an die Pumpenleitung 9 ein Druckminderventil 54 angeschlossen, das den Steuerdruck in der Steuerleitung 13 auf einen festen Druckwert (z.B. 35 bar) einregelt. Die Steuerleitung 13 wird für die Regelung der Regelglieder 31 bei der Druckbetätigung der Schieberkolben 14 der Wegesteuerventile S1 - S5 benutzt. Die Regelpumpe in der Regelvorrichtung Rʹ wird beispielsweise für Mobilkräne größerer Bauarten eingesetzt, bei denen Volumenströme über 120l/min. gebraucht werden, weil für diese Fälle die Regelpumpe verlustärmer arbeitet als die Konstantpumpe 7 von Fig. 1.2 is one in the embodiment of FIG Control device Rʹ instead of the control device R of FIG. 1 is provided. It is a so-called control pump 7ʹ, which for larger volume flows, for example 120l / min. and more is used because then the pump delivery for the unpressurized circulation can be regulated to a low pressure or low volume flow. From the pump 7ʹ, the pump line 9 leads to the inlet regulators Z1 - Z5. The tank line 10 leads back to the tank. The main control line 12 supplied from the taps of the directional control valve S1 - S5 leads in the control device Rʹ via a pressure-independent quantity regulator 51, which serves to relieve the main control line 12 when the directional control valve is not actuated (pressureless circulation), to a servo cylinder 52 which has a control valve 53 actuated in a pump branch line 9.. The control part of the pump 7ʹ is actuated by an actuating cylinder 48 supplied from the pump line branch 9ʹ in one direction and by a spring-loaded cylinder 49 in the other direction. The spring-loaded cylinder 49 is connected to the control slide 53. The volume flow in the pump line 9 is controlled with these components as a function of the required volume of the consumers. A pressure relief valve 50 for limiting the system pressure is also provided between the pump line 9 and the tank line 10. Furthermore, a pressure reducing valve 54 is connected to the pump line 9, which regulates the control pressure in the control line 13 to a fixed pressure value (eg 35 bar). The control line 13 is used for the regulation of the control elements 31 when the slide piston 14 of the directional control valves S1-S5 is actuated by pressure. The control pump in the control device Rʹ is used for example for mobile cranes of larger types, in which volume flows over 120l / min. are needed because the control pump for these cases operates with less loss than the constant pump 7 of FIG. 1.

Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 1A, 1B ist es zweckmäßig, die Rückschlagventile 35, die zwischen der Hauptsteuerleitung 12 und jeder Stichleitung 33 zu einem Steuerleitungszweig 34 angeordnet sind und die in Strömungsrichtung zu den Wegesteuerschiebern S1 - S5 sperren, als Wechselventile (35ʹ) auszubilden, so wie dies in Fig. 4 angedeutet ist. Ferner wird dann die Hauptsteuerleitung 12 hinter dem letzten Wegesteuerschieber S5 (in einer Endplatte) an die Tankleitung 10 angeschlossen und von der Stichleitung 33 ein Zweig 33ʹ an den Wegesteuerschieber, z.B. S5, angeschlossen, dessen Kolbenschieber 14ʹ mit einem in der Neutralstellung offenen Kanal 33ʺ zu einem Tankanschluß 33‴ ausgestattet ist. Das Wechselventil 35ʹ, dessen Schließglied jeweils einen von zwei Endanschlüssen 12b, 33a absperrt, ist mit seinem Mittelanschluß 12a und dem einen Endanschluß 12b in die Hauptsteuerleitung 12 eingesetzt. Der andere Endanschluß 33a ist an die Stichleitung 33 zum Steuerleitungszweig 34 angeschlossen.In the embodiment according to FIGS. 1A, 1B, it is expedient to design the check valves 35, which are arranged between the main control line 12 and each branch line 33 to form a control line branch 34 and which block in the direction of flow to the directional control spools S1-S5, as shuttle valves (35ʹ) , as indicated in Fig. 4. Furthermore, the main control line 12 is then connected behind the last directional control valve S5 (in an end plate) to the tank line 10 and from the branch line 33 a branch 33leitung to the directional control valve, e.g. S5, connected, the piston valve 14ʹ is equipped with a channel 33ʺ in the neutral position open to a tank connection 33 ‴. The shuttle valve 35ʹ, the closing member of which shuts off one of two end connections 12b, 33a, is inserted into the main control line 12 with its central connection 12a and one end connection 12b. The other end connection 33a is connected to the stub 33 to the control line branch 34.

In Fig. 3 ist der Proportional-Wegesteuerschieber S1 in seinem Aufbau erkennbar, der den Proportional-Wegesteuerschiebern S2 - S5 entspricht. Er besitzt ein Gehäuse 55 mit einer Bohrung 56 für den Schieberkolben 14. In Endkappen 57 und 58 sind Federn 59 enthalten, die die Nullstellung des Schieberkolbens 14 definieren und gleichzeitig für seine Verdrehsicherung sorgen. An der Endkappe 58 ist der Betätigungshebel 32 gelagert, der über ein Koppelglied 60 mit dem Schieberkolben 14 verbunden ist. In den Endkappen 58 und 57 sind Kammern gebildet, in denen über die Steuerleitungen 29, 30 die Bewegung des Schieberkolbens 14 druckabhängig steuerbar ist. Das Regelglied 31 ist zweckmäßigerweise an das Gehäuse 55 angesetzt.In Fig. 3 the proportional directional control valve S1 is recognizable in its structure, which corresponds to the proportional directional control valve S2 - S5. It has a housing 55 with a bore 56 for the slide piston 14. End caps 57 and 58 contain springs 59 which define the zero position of the slide piston 14 and at the same time ensure that it is secured against rotation. The actuating lever 32 is mounted on the end cap 58 and is connected to the slide piston 14 via a coupling member 60. In the end caps 58 and 57, chambers are formed in which the movement of the slide piston 14 can be controlled in a pressure-dependent manner via the control lines 29, 30 is. The control element 31 is expediently attached to the housing 55.

Der Schieberkolben 14 besitzt beiderseits einer mittigen Abdichtzone ringförmige Nuten 61 und 62, die durch Steuerkanten 63, 64 und 65, 66 von den sich anschließenden Dichtzonen getrennt sind.The spool 14 has on both sides of a central sealing zone annular grooves 61 and 62 which are separated by control edges 63, 64 and 65, 66 from the adjacent sealing zones.

Der Pumpenanschluß P, der an die Pumpenleitung 9 angeschlossen ist, ist mittig im Gehäuse 55 vorgesehen. Beiderseits des Pumpenanschlusses P sind Verbraucheranschlüsse A und B als umlaufende Nuten in der Bohrung 56 vorgesehen, die an die Verbraucherleitungen 15 und 16 angeschlossen sind. Wiederum axial versetzt zu den Verbraucheranschlüssen A, B sind als Stichbohrungen ausgebildete Rücklaufanschlüsse R vorgesehen, die an die Tankleitung 10 angeschlossen sind und die Anschlußleitungen 25, 28 für die Entlastungssteuerleitungszweige 36, 38 bilden. Im Gehäuse 55 sind von einer Gehäuseaußenseite die Stichleitungen 17, 18 zur Bohrung 56 gebohrt, deren Mündungen strichliert angedeutet sind. Es ist dabei erkennbar, daß in der Nullstellung des Schieberkolbens 14 die Mündungen der Stichleitungen 17, 18 in einem kurzen Abstand hinter den Steuerkanten 63 bzw. 66 liegen und von den dort vorliegenden Dichtzonen des Schieberkolbens 14 abgesperrt sind. Im Mittelbereich des Gehäuses 55 sind ferner die beiden Anschlußleitungen 26, 27 der Anzapfungen erkennbar, die gemeinsam an den Steuerleitungszweig 34 (angedeutet durch eine Bohrung) angeschlossen sind.The pump connection P, which is connected to the pump line 9, is provided in the center of the housing 55. Consumer connections A and B are provided on both sides of the pump connection P as circumferential grooves in the bore 56, which are connected to the consumer lines 15 and 16. Again axially offset to the consumer connections A, B, return connections R designed as tap holes are provided, which are connected to the tank line 10 and form the connection lines 25, 28 for the relief control line branches 36, 38. In the housing 55, the spur lines 17, 18 are drilled from a housing outside to the bore 56, the mouths of which are indicated by dashed lines. It can be seen that in the zero position of the spool 14, the mouths of the branch lines 17, 18 are a short distance behind the control edges 63 and 66 and are shut off from the sealing zones of the spool 14 there. In the central region of the housing 55, the two connecting lines 26, 27 of the taps can also be seen, which are connected together to the control line branch 34 (indicated by a bore).

Entsprechend der Darstellung von Fig. 1 ist an die Stichleitung 17 der Zweig 38 der Entlastungsleitung 37 angeschlossen und an die Stichleitung 18 der Zweig 36, d.h. die Zweige sind überkreuz angeschlossen, damit bei Verbindung des Pumpenanschlusses P mit dem Verbraucheranschluß A der Zweig 38 über die Stichleitung 17 entlastet wird, während bei einer Verbindung des Pumpenanschlusses P mit dem Verbraucheranschluß B der Zweig 36 über die Stichleitung 18 zur Tankleitung entlastet wird. Der Schieberkolben 14 kann nicht nur in die Steuerstellungen a und b verstellt werden, um den Zylinder 2 entsprechend zu beaufschlagen, sondern es sind Zwischenstellungen des Schieberkolbens 14 möglich, bei denen der Volumenstrom zum Verbraucher proportional der Verschiebung des Kolbenschiebers 14 ist. Es ist auf diese Weise eine sehr feinfühlige Steuerung der Bewegung des Zylinders 2 möglich, wobei der Zulaufregler Z1 entsprechend angesteuert wird. Für die Variante gemäß Fig. 4 ist zusätzlich der Kanal 33ʺ vorzusehen, der ausschließlich in der Neutralstellung den Zweig 33ʹ mit R verbindet.1, the branch 38 of the relief line 37 is connected to the spur line 17 and the branch 36 to the spur line 18, ie the branches are connected crosswise, so at Connection of the pump connection P to the consumer connection A of the branch 38 is relieved via the branch line 17, while when the pump connection P is connected to the consumer connection B the branch 36 is relieved of the branch line 18 to the tank line. The spool 14 can not only be adjusted to the control positions a and b to act on the cylinder 2 accordingly, but intermediate positions of the spool 14 are possible in which the volume flow to the consumer is proportional to the displacement of the spool 14. A very sensitive control of the movement of the cylinder 2 is possible in this way, the inflow controller Z1 being controlled accordingly. For the variant according to FIG. 4, the channel 33ʺ must also be provided, which connects the branch 33ʹ to R only in the neutral position.

Der besondere Vorteil der hydraulischen Steuervorrichtung gemäß den Ausführungsformen der Fig. 1 bis 4 besteht darin, daß gleichzeitig unterschiedliche Verbraucher-Höchstdrücke begrenzt werden, und Verbraucher mit höherem Druckniveau gefahren werden können, weil das Ansprechen eines Überwachungsventiles keinen Einfluß auf gleichzeitig gefahrene Verbraucher mit höherem oder niedrigerem Druck hinsichtlich des Volumenstroms oder des Drucks hat. Das gleiche gilt für die Hubbegrenzung, die individuell nur auf den jeweils überwachten Verbraucher bzw. sogar nur auf die überwachte Bewegungsrichtung des Verbrauchers Einfluß nimmt und das Arbeiten der anderen Verbraucher hinsichtlich Volumenstrom und Druck nicht beeinflußt. Ferner wäre es denkbar, eine Entlastungssteuerleitung an die Hauptsteuerleitung 12 anzuschließen und über jeweils eine Stichleitung 17 oder 18 der Wegesteuerschieber S1 -S5 zu führen und ferner in der Entlastungssteuerleitung ein 2/2-Wege-Magnetventil einzusetzen, das von einem Druckgeber gesteuert wird, der den Druck in irgendeiner Verbraucherleitung eines Verbrauchers abgreift. Würden dann die Verbraucher der an die Entlastungsleitung angeschlossenen Wegesteuerschieber beaufschlagt werden und eine Überschreitung des Lastmomentes herbeiführen wollen, so wird über die Entlastungssteuerleitung der 3-Wegeregler zwischen der Pumpe und der Tankleitung abgeschaltet, so daß keiner der Verbraucher mehr arbeiten kann, solange er nicht in eine das Lastmoment verringernde Richtung bewegt wird. Auf diese Weise würden alle Zulaufregler der Wegesteuerschieber umgangen und direkt auf den 3-Wegeregler der Konstantpumpe oder bei einer Regelpumpe auf deren Regelkreis eingewirkt. Auch hierbei ließe sich also die Möglichkeit, die Entlastungssteuerleitung direkt über den Schieberkolben ihres Wegesteuerventils an den Rücklauf anzuschließen, nutzbringend einsetzen.The particular advantage of the hydraulic control device according to the embodiments of FIGS. 1 to 4 is that different maximum consumer pressures are limited at the same time, and consumers with higher pressure levels can be driven, because the response of a monitoring valve has no influence on simultaneously driven consumers with higher or has lower pressure in terms of volume flow or pressure. The same applies to the stroke limitation, which individually influences only the consumer being monitored or even the monitored direction of movement of the consumer and does not influence the work of the other consumers with regard to volume flow and pressure. Furthermore, it would be conceivable to connect a relief control line to the main control line 12 and to route the directional control spool S1-S5 via a branch line 17 or 18 and also in the relief control line to use a 2/2-way solenoid valve, which is controlled by a pressure sensor that taps the pressure in any consumer line of a consumer. If the consumers of the directional control valve connected to the relief line would then be acted upon and the load torque would be exceeded, the 3-way controller between the pump and the tank line is switched off via the relief control line, so that none of the consumers can work as long as it is not in a direction reducing the load moment is moved. In this way, all inlet regulators of the directional control valve would be bypassed and acted directly on the 3-way regulator of the constant pump or, in the case of a regulating pump, on its control circuit. Here, too, the possibility of connecting the relief control line directly to the return via the spool of its directional control valve could be used to advantage.

Claims (9)

  1. A hydraulic control device for a group of consumers (V), there being provided: at least two directional control slide valves (S1-S5) which are supplied from a common pressure source (7, 7') and which are connected in parallel by way of a pump line (9) and a tank line (10) and which serve at least one consumer (V) each; a regulating device (R, R') for the volume flow rate in the pump line (9); a pilot line branch (34) which is associated with each directional control slide valve (S1-S5) and which extends between extraction points (26, 27) of the respective pump-pressure-energized consumer line (15, 16) in the directional control slide valves and an actuating side of a two-position two-way controller (Z1-Z5) which precedes the respective first-mentioned directional control slide valve and which is piloted from the pump like (9); a main control line (12) for the regulating device (R, R'), the main control line (12) being connected by way of check valves (35) to the pilot line branches (34); and at least one relief control line (36-38) to the tank, the last-mentioned line being associated with at least one the two-way controllers (Z1-Z5) covering the volume flow rate requirement of the consumer (V) in the particular direction of energisation concerned, the relief control line (36-38) being connected to the pilot line branch (34), there being disposed in the relief control line at least one monitoring valve (39-44, 46, 47) which serves for consumer-pressure or stroke limitation and which enables the pressure in the pilot line branch (34) to be relieved or limited in order to adjust the two-way controller (Z1-Z5) when the consumer (V) reaches the pressure or stroke limit, characterised in that
    the pilot line branch (34) is permanently connected by way of the relief control line (37, 36, 38) to the directional control slide valves (S1-S5) and is in the interior thereof connectable directly to the tank in whichever directional control slide valve control position (a or b) for stopping the directional control slide valves if the consumer (V) would, if it continued to be energised, exceed the pressure or stroke limit.
  2. A device according to claim 1, characterised in that
    the pilot line branch (34) is connected by way of two parallel relief control lines (36-38) to the directional control slide valves (S1-S5), each relief control line (36, 37 or 36, 38) is connectable independently to the tank in a respective control position (a or b) in the directional control slide valves (S1-S5), and at least one monitoring valve (39, 40) is disposed in each relief control line (36, 37 or 36, 38).
  3. A hydraulic control device according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that
    the monitoring valve (39, 40, 41, 43) is a preferably adjustable pressure-limiting valve piloted by the pressure in the pilot line branch (34).
  4. A hydraulic control device according to claims 1 and 2, characterised in that
    the monitoring valve (44, 46) is a two-position two-way directional control valve actuatable from a shutoff position against spring force in dependence on the stroke of the consumer.
  5. A hydraulic control device according to claims 1 to 4, characterised in that
    a two-way two-position directional control valve (46) and a pressure limiting valve (47) are disposed in consecutive relationship in the relief control line (36, 37, 38).
  6. A hydraulic control device according to at least one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that
    each directional control slide valve (S1-S5) is a proportional directional control slide valve having a spool (14) adjustable in a bore (56) in its body (55) from a neutral position into two control positions (a or b), a load connection (A, B) and a return connection (R25, 28) starting from a central pump feed (P) extend in axially staggered relationship in the bore (56), the spool (14) has a central sealing part and is formed on both sides thereof with a peripheral groove (61, 62) merging by way of sealing edges (63, 66) into external sealing zones, and two relief control line tap lines (17, 18) which extend from the outside into the bore (56) are provided in the valve body (55), the orifices of the lines (17, 18) in the bore wall being peripherally offset from the return connections (R25, 28) in axial zones of the bore, the external sealing zones covering the latter zones when the spool (14) is in its neutral position.
  7. A hydraulic control device according to claim 6, characterised in that
    the orifices, with the spool (14) in its neutral position, are so disposed adjacent the edges (63, 66) that before the pump connection (P) is connected to one consumer connection (A, B), each edge connects one of the orifices of the relief control line tap lines (17, 18) to the return connection (R25, 28) associated with the other consumer connection (B, A).
  8. A hydraulic control device according to claims 1 to 7, characterised in that
    the control line branch (34) is also connected by way of a branch (33') to a duct (33'') which is disposed in the directional control slide valves (S1-S5) and which is open only in the neutral position of the directional control slide valves (S1-S5) and which is connected to the tank line (10), and the check valve between the main control line (12) and the pilot line branch (34) is a changeover valve (35') which is connected by way of a central connection (12a) and one (12b) of two alternately closable end connections (12b, 33a) to the main control line (12) and is connected by way of the other end connection (33a) by way of a tap line (33) to the pilot line branch (34).
  9. A hydraulic control device according to claims 1 to 8, characterised in that
    the main control line (12) is connected downstream of the final directional control slide valve (S5) to the tank line (10).
EP88103532A 1987-03-31 1988-03-07 Hydraulic control device for groups of consumers Expired - Lifetime EP0284831B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88103532T ATE79448T1 (en) 1987-03-31 1988-03-07 HYDRAULIC CONTROL DEVICE FOR CONSUMER GROUPS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3710699 1987-03-31
DE3710699A DE3710699C1 (en) 1987-03-31 1987-03-31 Hydraulic control device for a consumer group

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0284831A2 EP0284831A2 (en) 1988-10-05
EP0284831A3 EP0284831A3 (en) 1990-08-16
EP0284831B1 true EP0284831B1 (en) 1992-08-12

Family

ID=6324472

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88103532A Expired - Lifetime EP0284831B1 (en) 1987-03-31 1988-03-07 Hydraulic control device for groups of consumers

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0284831B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE79448T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3710699C1 (en)
ES (1) ES2033959T3 (en)

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DE3841507C1 (en) * 1988-01-22 1989-06-29 Danfoss A/S, Nordborg, Dk
DE3901207C2 (en) * 1989-01-17 1994-06-23 Rexroth Mannesmann Gmbh Valve arrangement for several hydraulic drives, in particular for the drives of a crane
DE4127327A1 (en) * 1991-02-20 1993-02-25 Teves Gmbh Alfred Vehicle hydraulic system with directly driven pump
EP0684387B1 (en) * 1991-12-25 1999-09-08 Kayaba Industry Co., Ltd. Load-sensing active hydraulic control device
DE9210647U1 (en) * 1992-08-10 1993-12-16 Heilmeier & Weinlein Fabrik für Oel-Hydraulik GmbH & Co KG, 81673 München Hydraulic control device
DE4243973C1 (en) * 1992-12-23 1994-07-07 Heilmeier & Weinlein Hydraulic control device
DE9310857U1 (en) * 1993-07-20 1993-09-30 Heilmeier & Weinlein Fabrik für Oel-Hydraulik GmbH & Co KG, 81673 München Hydraulic control valve
DE19714141A1 (en) * 1997-04-05 1998-10-08 Mannesmann Rexroth Ag Hydraulic control arrangement
US5813226A (en) * 1997-09-15 1998-09-29 Caterpillar Inc. Control scheme for pressure relief
DE19828963A1 (en) * 1998-06-29 1999-12-30 Mannesmann Rexroth Ag Hydraulic switch system for the operation of low- and high-load units
DE102004014113A1 (en) * 2004-03-23 2005-10-20 Sauer Danfoss Aps Nordborg Hydraulic valve assembly has pressure diversion valve between HP and LP connections and constructed as hydraulically piloted valve with control inlet connected to pilot valve controlled by pressure at load sensing connection
DE102004028437B3 (en) * 2004-06-14 2006-03-02 Sauer-Danfoss Aps valve assembly
CN105840574B (en) 2015-01-16 2018-04-06 徐工集团工程机械股份有限公司 Load sensing multi-way valve and construction machinery hydraulic system
EP3093505B1 (en) * 2015-05-11 2017-08-23 HAWE Hydraulik SE Hydraulic control device and selector valve

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US3911942A (en) * 1974-03-28 1975-10-14 Gen Signal Corp Compensated multifunction hydraulic system
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DE2656059A1 (en) * 1976-01-23 1977-07-28 Caterpillar Tractor Co FLOW SYSTEM
DE3022592A1 (en) * 1980-06-16 1981-12-24 Heilmeier & Weinlein Fabrik für Oel-Hydraulik GmbH & Co KG, 8000 München HYDRAULIC CONTROL DEVICE

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2033959T3 (en) 1993-04-01
DE3873576D1 (en) 1992-09-17
ATE79448T1 (en) 1992-08-15
DE3710699C1 (en) 1988-08-18
EP0284831A2 (en) 1988-10-05
EP0284831A3 (en) 1990-08-16

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