EP0284599A2 - Penetrator for a sabot projectile - Google Patents

Penetrator for a sabot projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0284599A2
EP0284599A2 EP88890072A EP88890072A EP0284599A2 EP 0284599 A2 EP0284599 A2 EP 0284599A2 EP 88890072 A EP88890072 A EP 88890072A EP 88890072 A EP88890072 A EP 88890072A EP 0284599 A2 EP0284599 A2 EP 0284599A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
penetrator
section
tip
tapered
length
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Granted
Application number
EP88890072A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0284599A3 (en
EP0284599B1 (en
Inventor
Walter Dr. Sereinig
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hirtenberger AG
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NORICUM GmbH
Hirtenberger AG
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Publication of EP0284599A2 publication Critical patent/EP0284599A2/en
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Publication of EP0284599B1 publication Critical patent/EP0284599B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
    • F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
    • F42B14/061—Sabots for long rod fin stabilised kinetic energy projectiles, i.e. multisegment sabots attached midway on the projectile

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a penetrator for sub-caliber balancing projectiles with a length-to-diameter ratio of Der 20.
  • penetrators which are used in so-called arrow projectiles, are fired with a caliber-compensating sleeve or a sabot which is removed from the penetrator immediately after leaving the tube solves.
  • Arrow projectiles are characterized by a large length-diameter ratio and can be made, for example, from depleted uranium, sintered heavy metals and their alloys in order to ensure a high weight, so that a high penetration rate can be achieved.
  • Penetrators of the type mentioned at the outset are used in particular as armor-piercing projectiles and, above all, are chosen for the bombardment of multiply armored objects.
  • the choice of particularly heavy materials with a high specific weight serves to increase the penetration force, whereby correspondingly heavy materials usually require a material with a relatively high brittleness.
  • the outer surface of such penetrators must be carefully processed and smooth.
  • retaining ribs for the sabot must be provided on the outer surface, which adversely affect the ballistics.
  • the penetrator according to the invention essentially consists in that a section tapering in relation to the tip to the axis of the penetrator is arranged in the axial direction next to the penetrator tip and that the center of gravity of the penetrator lies in front of the longitudinal center of the penetrator in the direction of the tip. Characterized in that a tapered section is then arranged on the penetrator tip, the ground suction is significantly reduced during the flight and at the same time the weight is shifted forward, thereby increasing the shot and hit precision.
  • the tapered section offers the additional advantage that the sabot with a small number of retaining ribs on the Can attack the outside of the penetrator, since the sabot runs up and is held at the section that widens towards the tip and tapers towards the rear.
  • the reduction in the number of retaining ribs which in extreme cases can lead to the complete omission of retaining ribs, likewise leads to a significant improvement in the outer ballistics.
  • the design according to the invention is advantageously made such that the ratio of the largest diameter to the smallest diameter of the tapered section multiplied by the length of the tapered part is chosen between 50 and 300, with such a design having shown that a particularly high one Shooting and hit precision can be achieved. Furthermore, shooting tests have shown that the conical shape of the front part of the penetrator results in increased penetration. This can be explained by the fact that as the penetration into the target material progresses, the cross section of the penetrator is successively reduced, which ultimately reduces the resistance to penetration and leads to increased overall penetration.
  • the tapering section can be designed conically with straight generatrices.
  • a penetrator is partially indicated in section in a tube.
  • the gun barrel is designated 1 here.
  • the penetrator 2 has a tip 3 and a conically tapering section 4 adjoining the tip 3.
  • the taper goes from an outside diameter D 1 following the tip 3 to an outside diameter D 2, which corresponds to the smallest cross section of the tapering section.
  • the axial length L1 of this tapered section is so hit that the ratio is set between 50 and 300.
  • This tapering section 4 is followed by a further section 5 of the penetrator, on the outer circumference of which, for the transmission of the acceleration forces to the penetrator, holding grooves or a thread can be provided.
  • the sabot engages on this section 5, which is of essentially constant outside diameter, and is designated by 6.
  • the sabot 6 is guided in the gun barrel 1.
  • a tail unit 7 is indicated at the rear of the penetrator 2.
  • the acceleration forces which are to be transmitted from the drive cage 6 to the penetrator 2 act not only on the holding ribs or grooves of the section 5, but also on the section 4 which widens conically towards the tip, so that due to the force transmission in the area of the tapered section 4, the number of retaining ribs in the following section 5 can be significantly reduced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Abstract

In a penetrator (2) for a sabot projectile with a length/diameter ratio of >/= 20, adjacent to the penetrator tip (3) in the axial direction is a portion (4) which narrows towards the axis of the penetrator (2) in relation to the tip (3) and the centre of gravity of the penetrator (2) is located in front of the longitudinal centre of the penetrator in the direction of the tip (3). Preferably, following portions (5) of the penetrator (2) having the smallest cross-section (D2) of the narrowing portion (4) are formed axially adjacent to the latter. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Penetrator für unter­kalibrige Wuchtgeschoße mit einem Längen-Durchmesser­verhältnis von ≧ 20. Derartige Penetratoren, welche bei sogenannten Pfeilgeschoßen Verwendung finden, werden mit einer kaliberausgleichenden Hülle bzw. einem Treibkäfig verschossen, welcher sich unmittelbar nach dem Verlassen des Rohres vom Penetrator löst. Pfeilgeschoße zeichnen sich durch ein großes Längen-Durchmesserverhältnis aus und können beispielsweise aus abgereichertem Uran, gesinterten Schwer­metallen und deren Legierungen gefertigt werden, um ein hohes Gewicht sicherzustellen, so daß eine hohe Durchschlags­leistung erzielt werden kann.The invention relates to a penetrator for sub-caliber balancing projectiles with a length-to-diameter ratio of Der 20. Such penetrators, which are used in so-called arrow projectiles, are fired with a caliber-compensating sleeve or a sabot which is removed from the penetrator immediately after leaving the tube solves. Arrow projectiles are characterized by a large length-diameter ratio and can be made, for example, from depleted uranium, sintered heavy metals and their alloys in order to ensure a high weight, so that a high penetration rate can be achieved.

Penetratoren der eingangs genannten Art werden im besonderen als panzerbrechende Geschoße eingesetzt und vor allen Dingen für den Beschuß von mehrfach gepanzerten Objekten gewählt. Die Wahl besonders schwerer Werkstoffe mit hohem spezifischem Gewicht dient hiebei der Erhöhung der Durchschlagskraft, wobei entsprechend schwere Werkstoffe zumeist ein Material mit relativ hoher Sprödigkeit bedingen. Um die Ballistik zu verbessern, muß die Außenoberfläche derartiger Penetratoren überaus sorgfältig bearbeitet sein und glatt ausgebildet sein. An der Außenoberfläche müssen aber Halterippen für den Treibkäfig vorgesehen sein, welche die Ballistik ungünstig beeinflussen.Penetrators of the type mentioned at the outset are used in particular as armor-piercing projectiles and, above all, are chosen for the bombardment of multiply armored objects. The choice of particularly heavy materials with a high specific weight serves to increase the penetration force, whereby correspondingly heavy materials usually require a material with a relatively high brittleness. In order to improve the ballistics, the outer surface of such penetrators must be carefully processed and smooth. However, retaining ribs for the sabot must be provided on the outer surface, which adversely affect the ballistics.

Die Erfindung zielt nun darauf ab, einen Penetrator der eingangs genannten Art mit verbesserter Schuß- und Treffer­präzision zu schaffen, bei welchem die Geschoßstabilität in einfacher und reproduzierbarer Weise aufrechterhalten bleibt. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe besteht der erfindungsgemäße Penetrator im wesentlichen darin, daß anschließend an die Penetratorspitze in axialer Richtung ein gegenüber der Spitze zur Achse des Penetrators verjüngter Abschnitt angeordnet ist und daß der Schwerpunkt des Penetrators vor der Längsmitte des Penetrators in Richtung zur Spitze liegt. Dadurch, daß anschließend an die Penetratorspitze ein sich verjüngender Abschnitt angeordnet ist, wird der Bodensog während des Fluges wesentlich herabgesetzt und gleichzeitig das Gewicht nach vorne verlegt, wodurch die Schuß- und Trefferpräzision erhöht wird. Der sich verjüngende Abschnitt, an welchem, wie es einer bevorzugten Ausbildung entspricht, in axialer Richtung anschließend nachfolgende Abschnitte mit dem klein­sten Querschnitt des sich verjüngenden Teiles angeschlossen sein können, bietet hiebei den zusätzlichen Vorteil, daß der Treibkäfig mit einer geringen Anzahl von Halterippen an der Außenseite des Penetrators angreifen kann, da der Treibkäfig an dem zur Spitze weiter werdenden, sich in Richtung zum Heck verjüngenden Abschnitt aufläuft und gehalten ist. Die Verrin­gerung der Anzahl von Halterippen, welche im Extremfall zu einem gänzlichen Verzicht auf Halterippen führen kann, führt hiebei gleichfalls zu einer wesentlichen Verbesserung der Außenballistik.The invention now aims to provide a penetrator of the type mentioned with improved shot and hit precision, in which the projectile stability is maintained in a simple and reproducible manner. To achieve this object, the penetrator according to the invention essentially consists in that a section tapering in relation to the tip to the axis of the penetrator is arranged in the axial direction next to the penetrator tip and that the center of gravity of the penetrator lies in front of the longitudinal center of the penetrator in the direction of the tip. Characterized in that a tapered section is then arranged on the penetrator tip, the ground suction is significantly reduced during the flight and at the same time the weight is shifted forward, thereby increasing the shot and hit precision. The tapered section, to which, as in a preferred embodiment, subsequent sections with the smallest cross-section of the tapered part can be connected in the axial direction, offers the additional advantage that the sabot with a small number of retaining ribs on the Can attack the outside of the penetrator, since the sabot runs up and is held at the section that widens towards the tip and tapers towards the rear. The reduction in the number of retaining ribs, which in extreme cases can lead to the complete omission of retaining ribs, likewise leads to a significant improvement in the outer ballistics.

Mit Vorteil ist die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung so getroffen, daß das Verhältnis des größten Durchmessers zum kleinsten Durchmesser des sich verjüngenden Abschnittes multipliziert mit der Länge des sich verjüngenden Teiles zwischen 50 und 300 gewählt ist, wobei sich bei einer derartigen Bemessung gezeigt hat, daß eine besonders hohe Schuß- und Treffer­präzision erzielt werden kann. Weiters hat sich bei Schieß­tests gezeigt, daß die konische Form des Penetratorvorder­teiles eine erhöhte Durchschlagsleistung bewirkt. Dies läßt sich damit erklären, daß bei fortschreitender Penetration ins Zielmaterial der Querschnitt des Penetrators sukzessive verringert wird, was letztendlich den Eindringwiderstand verringert und zu erhöhter Gesamtpenetration führt.The design according to the invention is advantageously made such that the ratio of the largest diameter to the smallest diameter of the tapered section multiplied by the length of the tapered part is chosen between 50 and 300, with such a design having shown that a particularly high one Shooting and hit precision can be achieved. Furthermore, shooting tests have shown that the conical shape of the front part of the penetrator results in increased penetration. This can be explained by the fact that as the penetration into the target material progresses, the cross section of the penetrator is successively reduced, which ultimately reduces the resistance to penetration and leads to increased overall penetration.

In besonders einfacher Weise kann der sich verjüngende Abschnitt konisch mit geraden Erzeugenden ausgebildet sein.In a particularly simple manner, the tapering section can be designed conically with straight generatrices.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an Hand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Penetrator teilweise im Schnitt in einem Rohr angedeutet. Das Waffenrohr ist hiebei mit 1 bezeichnet. Der Penetrator 2 weist eine Spitze 3 und einen an die Spitze 3 anschließenden sich konisch verjüngenden Ab­schnitt 4 auf. Die Verjüngung geht hiebei von einem Außen­durchmesser D₁ im Anschluß an die Spitze 3 bis zu einem Außendurchmesser D₂, welcher dem kleinsten Querschnitt des sich verjüngenden Abschnittes entspricht. Die axiale Länge L₁ dieses sich verjüngenden Abschnittes ist hiebei so getroffen, daß das Verhältnis

Figure imgb0001
zwischen 50 und 300 eingestellt ist. Anschließend an diesen sich verjüngenden Abschnitt 4 folgt ein weiterer Abschnitt 5 des Penetrators, an dessen Außenumfang zur Übertragung der Beschleunigungskräfte auf den Penetrator Halterillen oder ein Gewinde vorgesehen sein kann. Der Treibkäfig greift an diesem mit im wesentlichen konstan­tem Außendurchmesser ausgebildeten Abschnitt 5 an und ist mit 6 bezeichnet. Der Treibkäfig 6 ist im Waffenrohr 1 geführt. Am Heck des Penetrators 2 ist ein Leitwerk 7 angedeutet.In the drawing, a penetrator is partially indicated in section in a tube. The gun barrel is designated 1 here. The penetrator 2 has a tip 3 and a conically tapering section 4 adjoining the tip 3. The taper goes from an outside diameter D 1 following the tip 3 to an outside diameter D 2, which corresponds to the smallest cross section of the tapering section. The axial length L₁ of this tapered section is so hit that the ratio
Figure imgb0001
 is set between 50 and 300. This tapering section 4 is followed by a further section 5 of the penetrator, on the outer circumference of which, for the transmission of the acceleration forces to the penetrator, holding grooves or a thread can be provided. The sabot engages on this section 5, which is of essentially constant outside diameter, and is designated by 6. The sabot 6 is guided in the gun barrel 1. A tail unit 7 is indicated at the rear of the penetrator 2.

Die Beschleunigungskräfte, welche vom Treibkäfig 6 auf den Penetrator 2 übertragen werden sollen, greifen hiebei nicht nur an den Halterippen oder -rillen des Abschnittes 5, sondern auch am sich konisch zur Spitze hin erweiternden Abschnitt 4 an, so daß auf Grund der Kraftübertragung im Bereich des sich verjüngenden Abschnittes 4 die Zahl der Halterippen im nachfolgenden Abschnitt 5 wesentlich herab­gesetzt werden kann.The acceleration forces which are to be transmitted from the drive cage 6 to the penetrator 2 act not only on the holding ribs or grooves of the section 5, but also on the section 4 which widens conically towards the tip, so that due to the force transmission in the area of the tapered section 4, the number of retaining ribs in the following section 5 can be significantly reduced.

Claims (4)

1. Penetrator (2) für unterkalibrige Wuchtgeschoße mit einem Längen-Durchmesserverhältnis von ≧ 20, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß anschließend an die Penetratorspitze (3) in axialer Richtung ein gegenüber der Spitze (3) zur Achse des Penetrators (2) verjüngter Abschnitt (4) angeordnet ist und daß der Schwerpunkt des Penetrators vor der Längsmitte des Penetrators (2) in Richtung zur Spitze (3) liegt.1. Penetrator (2) for sub-caliber balancing projectiles with a length-diameter ratio of ≧ 20, characterized in that a section (4) tapering in relation to the tip (3) to the axis of the penetrator (2) in the axial direction is then connected to the penetrator tip (3) ) is arranged and that the center of gravity of the penetrator lies in front of the longitudinal center of the penetrator (2) in the direction of the tip (3). 2. Penetrator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in axialer Richtung anschließend an den sich verjüngenden Abschnitt (4) nachfolgende Abschnitte (5) des Penetrators (2) mit dem kleinsten Querschnitt (D₂) des sich verjüngenden Teiles ausgebildet sind.2. Penetrator according to claim 1, characterized in that subsequent sections (5) of the penetrator (2) with the smallest cross-section (D₂) of the tapered part are formed in the axial direction following the tapered section (4). 3. Penetrators nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß das Verhältnis des größten Durchmessers (D₁) zum kleinsten Durchmesser (D₂) des sich verjüngenden Ab­schnittes (4) multipliziert mit der Länge (L₁) des sich verjüngenden Teiles zwischen 50 und 300 gewählt ist.3. Penetrators according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ratio of the largest diameter (D₁) to the smallest diameter (D₂) of the tapered section (4) multiplied by the length (L₁) of the tapered part chosen between 50 and 300 is. 4. Penetrator nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß der sich verjüngende Abschnitt (4) konisch mit geraden Erzeugenden ausgebildet ist.4. Penetrator according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the tapering section (4) is conical with straight generatrices.
EP88890072A 1987-03-26 1988-03-23 Penetrator for a sabot projectile Expired - Lifetime EP0284599B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0074287A AT387280B (en) 1987-03-26 1987-03-26 PENETRATOR FOR LOW-CALIBRATION BULLETS
AT742/87 1987-03-26

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0284599A2 true EP0284599A2 (en) 1988-09-28
EP0284599A3 EP0284599A3 (en) 1989-11-15
EP0284599B1 EP0284599B1 (en) 1993-06-23

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EP88890072A Expired - Lifetime EP0284599B1 (en) 1987-03-26 1988-03-23 Penetrator for a sabot projectile

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0284599B1 (en)
AT (1) AT387280B (en)
DE (1) DE3881926D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2042806T3 (en)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3935817A (en) * 1971-07-28 1976-02-03 General Dynamics Corporation Penetrating spear
GB2163058A (en) * 1984-07-26 1986-02-19 Stanley Murray Darts
WO1986005264A1 (en) * 1985-03-07 1986-09-12 Rheinmetall Gmbh Inertion projectile

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3935817A (en) * 1971-07-28 1976-02-03 General Dynamics Corporation Penetrating spear
GB2163058A (en) * 1984-07-26 1986-02-19 Stanley Murray Darts
WO1986005264A1 (en) * 1985-03-07 1986-09-12 Rheinmetall Gmbh Inertion projectile

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATA74287A (en) 1988-05-15
EP0284599A3 (en) 1989-11-15
DE3881926D1 (en) 1993-07-29
AT387280B (en) 1988-12-27
ES2042806T3 (en) 1993-12-16
EP0284599B1 (en) 1993-06-23

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