EP0284599B1 - Penetrator for a sabot projectile - Google Patents
Penetrator for a sabot projectileInfo
- Publication number
- EP0284599B1 EP0284599B1 EP88890072A EP88890072A EP0284599B1 EP 0284599 B1 EP0284599 B1 EP 0284599B1 EP 88890072 A EP88890072 A EP 88890072A EP 88890072 A EP88890072 A EP 88890072A EP 0284599 B1 EP0284599 B1 EP 0284599B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- penetrator
- section
- tip
- tapered
- diameter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
- F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B14/00—Projectiles or missiles characterised by arrangements for guiding or sealing them inside barrels, or for lubricating or cleaning barrels
- F42B14/06—Sub-calibre projectiles having sabots; Sabots therefor
- F42B14/061—Sabots for long rod fin stabilised kinetic energy projectiles, i.e. multisegment sabots attached midway on the projectile
Definitions
- the invention relates to a penetrator for sub-caliber balancing projectiles with a length-diameter ratio of ⁇ 20.
- Such penetrators which are used in so-called arrow projectiles, are fired with a caliber-compensating sleeve or a sabot, which is immediately after leaving the tube from the penetrator solves.
- Arrow projectiles are characterized by a large length-diameter ratio and can be made, for example, from depleted uranium, sintered heavy metals and their alloys in order to ensure a high weight, so that a high penetration rate can be achieved.
- Penetrators of the type mentioned at the outset are used in particular as armor-piercing projectiles and, above all, are chosen for the bombardment of multiply armored objects.
- the choice of particularly heavy materials with a high specific weight serves to increase the penetration force, whereby correspondingly heavy materials usually require a material with a relatively high brittleness.
- the outer surface of such penetrators must be carefully processed and smooth.
- retaining ribs for the sabot must be provided on the outer surface, which adversely affect the ballistics.
- the "length" of the penetrator is understood to be its total length.
- the "diameter” of the penetrator is understood to be its largest diameter.
- the tip of the penetrator is understood to be the part that lies between its foremost point and the largest diameter. Regardless of whether this section is formed in one piece or in several pieces.
- coherent measurement systems either exclusively millimeters or exclusively inches.
- the penetrator according to the invention essentially consists in that a section tapering in relation to the tip to the axis of the penetrator is arranged in the axial direction next to the penetrator tip and that the center of gravity of the penetrator lies in front of the longitudinal center of the penetrator towards the tip. Characterized in that a tapered section is then arranged on the penetrator tip, the ground suction is significantly reduced during the flight and at the same time the weight is moved forward, whereby the shot and hit precision is increased.
- the tapered section offers the additional advantage that the sabot with a small number of retaining ribs on the Can attack the outside of the penetrator, since the sabot runs up and is held at the section that widens towards the tip and tapers towards the rear.
- the reduction in the number of retaining ribs which in extreme cases can lead to the complete omission of retaining ribs, likewise leads to a significant improvement in the outer ballistics.
- the design according to the invention is advantageously made such that the ratio of the largest diameter to the smallest diameter of the tapered section multiplied by the length of the tapered part is chosen between 50 and 300, with such a design having shown that a particularly high one Shooting and hit precision can be achieved. Furthermore, shooting tests have shown that the conical shape of the front part of the penetrator results in increased penetration. This can be explained by the fact that as the penetration into the target material progresses, the cross section of the penetrator is successively reduced, which ultimately reduces the resistance to penetration and leads to increased overall penetration.
- the tapering section can be designed conically with straight generatrices.
- a penetrator is partially indicated in section in a tube.
- the gun barrel is designated 1 here.
- the penetrator 2 has a tip 3 and a conically tapering section 4 adjoining the tip 3.
- the taper goes from an outside diameter D 1 following the tip 3 to an outside diameter D 2, which corresponds to the smallest cross section of the tapering section.
- the axial length L1 of this tapered section is so hit that the ratio is set between 50 and 300.
- This tapering section 4 is followed by a further section 5 of the penetrator, on the outer circumference of which, for the transmission of the acceleration forces to the penetrator, holding grooves or a thread can be provided.
- the sabot engages on this section 5, which is of essentially constant outside diameter, and is designated by 6.
- the sabot 6 is guided in the gun barrel 1.
- a tail unit 7 is indicated at the rear of the penetrator 2.
- the acceleration forces which are to be transmitted from the drive cage 6 to the penetrator 2 act not only on the holding ribs or grooves of the section 5, but also on the section 4 which widens conically towards the tip, so that due to the force transmission in the area of the tapered section 4, the number of retaining ribs in the following section 5 can be significantly reduced.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Penetrator für unterkalibrige Wuchtgeschoße mit einem Längen-Durchmesserverhältnis von ≧ 20. Derartige Penetratoren, welche bei sogenannten Pfeilgeschoßen Verwendung finden, werden mit einer kaliberausgleichenden Hülle bzw. einem Treibkäfig verschossen, welcher sich unmittelbar nach dem Verlassen des Rohres vom Penetrator löst. Pfeilgeschoße zeichnen sich durch ein großes Längen-Durchmesserverhältnis aus und können beispielsweise aus abgereichertem Uran, gesinterten Schwermetallen und deren Legierungen gefertigt werden, um ein hohes Gewicht sicherzustellen, so daß eine hohe Durchschlagsleistung erzielt werden kann.The invention relates to a penetrator for sub-caliber balancing projectiles with a length-diameter ratio of ≧ 20. Such penetrators, which are used in so-called arrow projectiles, are fired with a caliber-compensating sleeve or a sabot, which is immediately after leaving the tube from the penetrator solves. Arrow projectiles are characterized by a large length-diameter ratio and can be made, for example, from depleted uranium, sintered heavy metals and their alloys in order to ensure a high weight, so that a high penetration rate can be achieved.
Penetratoren der eingangs genannten Art werden im besonderen als panzerbrechende Geschoße eingesetzt und vor allen Dingen für den Beschuß von mehrfach gepanzerten Objekten gewählt. Die Wahl besonders schwerer Werkstoffe mit hohem spezifischem Gewicht dient hiebei der Erhöhung der Durchschlagskraft, wobei entsprechend schwere Werkstoffe zumeist ein Material mit relativ hoher Sprödigkeit bedingen. Um die Ballistik zu verbessern, muß die Außenoberfläche derartiger Penetratoren überaus sorgfältig bearbeitet sein und glatt ausgebildet sein. An der Außenoberfläche müssen aber Halterippen für den Treibkäfig vorgesehen sein, welche die Ballistik ungünstig beeinflussen.Penetrators of the type mentioned at the outset are used in particular as armor-piercing projectiles and, above all, are chosen for the bombardment of multiply armored objects. The choice of particularly heavy materials with a high specific weight serves to increase the penetration force, whereby correspondingly heavy materials usually require a material with a relatively high brittleness. In order to improve the ballistics, the outer surface of such penetrators must be carefully processed and smooth. However, retaining ribs for the sabot must be provided on the outer surface, which adversely affect the ballistics.
Wie auf diesem Fachgebiet allgemein üblich, wird als "Länge" des Penetrators, dessen Gesamtlänge verstanden. Gleichermaßen wird unter "Durchmesser" des Penetrators, dessen größter Durchmesser verstanden. Als Spitze des Penetrators wird der Teil verstanden, der zwischen seinem vordersten Punkt und dem größten Durchmesser liegt. Unabhängig davon, ob dieser Abschnitt einstückig oder mehrstückig ausgebildet ist. Weiters ist es auf diesem technischen Gebiet üblich, kohärente Maßsysteme, somit entweder ausschließlich Millimeter oder ausschließlich Zoll zu verwenden.As is common practice in this field, the "length" of the penetrator is understood to be its total length. Likewise, the "diameter" of the penetrator is understood to be its largest diameter. The tip of the penetrator is understood to be the part that lies between its foremost point and the largest diameter. Regardless of whether this section is formed in one piece or in several pieces. Furthermore, it is common in this technical field to use coherent measurement systems, either exclusively millimeters or exclusively inches.
Die Erfindung zielt nun darauf ab, einen Penetrator der eingangs genannten Art mit verbesserter Schuß- und Trefferpräzision zu schaffen, bei welchem die Geschoßstabilität in einfacher und reproduzierbarer Weise aufrechterhalten bleibt. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe besteht der erfindungsgemäße Penetrator im wesentlichen darin, daß anschließend an die Penetratorspitze in axialer Richtung ein gegenüber der Spitze zur Achse des Penetrators verjüngter Abschnitt angeordnet ist und daß der Schwerpunkt des Penetrators vor der Längsmitte des Penetrators in Richtung zur Spitze liegt. Dadurch, daß anschließend an die Penetratorspitze ein sich verjüngender Abschnitt angeordnet ist, wird der Bodensog während des Fluges wesentlich herabgesetzt und gleichzeitig das Gewicht nach vorne verlegt, wodurch die Schuß- und Trefferpräzision erhöht wird. Der sich verjüngende Abschnitt, an welchem, wie es einer bevorzugten Ausbildung entspricht, in axialer Richtung anschließend nachfolgende Abschnitte mit dem kleinsten Querschnitt des sich verjüngenden Teiles angeschlossen sein können, bietet hiebei den zusätzlichen Vorteil, daß der Treibkäfig mit einer geringen Anzahl von Halterippen an der Außenseite des Penetrators angreifen kann, da der Treibkäfig an dem zur Spitze weiter werdenden, sich in Richtung zum Heck verjüngenden Abschnitt aufläuft und gehalten ist. Die Verringerung der Anzahl von Halterippen, welche im Extremfall zu einem gänzlichen Verzicht auf Halterippen führen kann, führt hiebei gleichfalls zu einer wesentlichen Verbesserung der Außenballistik.The invention now aims to provide a penetrator of the type mentioned with improved shot and hit precision, in which the projectile stability is maintained in a simple and reproducible manner. To achieve this object, the penetrator according to the invention essentially consists in that a section tapering in relation to the tip to the axis of the penetrator is arranged in the axial direction next to the penetrator tip and that the center of gravity of the penetrator lies in front of the longitudinal center of the penetrator towards the tip. Characterized in that a tapered section is then arranged on the penetrator tip, the ground suction is significantly reduced during the flight and at the same time the weight is moved forward, whereby the shot and hit precision is increased. The tapered section, to which, as in a preferred embodiment, subsequent sections with the smallest cross-section of the tapered part can be connected in the axial direction, offers the additional advantage that the sabot with a small number of retaining ribs on the Can attack the outside of the penetrator, since the sabot runs up and is held at the section that widens towards the tip and tapers towards the rear. The reduction in the number of retaining ribs, which in extreme cases can lead to the complete omission of retaining ribs, likewise leads to a significant improvement in the outer ballistics.
Mit Vorteil ist die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung so getroffen, daß das Verhältnis des größten Durchmessers zum kleinsten Durchmesser des sich verjüngenden Abschnittes multipliziert mit der Länge des sich verjüngenden Teiles zwischen 50 und 300 gewählt ist, wobei sich bei einer derartigen Bemessung gezeigt hat, daß eine besonders hohe Schuß- und Trefferpräzision erzielt werden kann. Weiters hat sich bei Schießtests gezeigt, daß die konische Form des Penetratorvorderteiles eine erhöhte Durchschlagsleistung bewirkt. Dies läßt sich damit erklären, daß bei fortschreitender Penetration ins Zielmaterial der Querschnitt des Penetrators sukzessive verringert wird, was letztendlich den Eindringwiderstand verringert und zu erhöhter Gesamtpenetration führt.The design according to the invention is advantageously made such that the ratio of the largest diameter to the smallest diameter of the tapered section multiplied by the length of the tapered part is chosen between 50 and 300, with such a design having shown that a particularly high one Shooting and hit precision can be achieved. Furthermore, shooting tests have shown that the conical shape of the front part of the penetrator results in increased penetration. This can be explained by the fact that as the penetration into the target material progresses, the cross section of the penetrator is successively reduced, which ultimately reduces the resistance to penetration and leads to increased overall penetration.
In besonders einfacher Weise kann der sich verjüngende Abschnitt konisch mit geraden Erzeugenden ausgebildet sein.In a particularly simple manner, the tapering section can be designed conically with straight generatrices.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend an Hand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing.
In der Zeichnung ist ein Penetrator teilweise im Schnitt in einem Rohr angedeutet. Das Waffenrohr ist hiebei mit 1 bezeichnet. Der Penetrator 2 weist eine Spitze 3 und einen an die Spitze 3 anschließenden sich konisch verjüngenden Abschnitt 4 auf. Die Verjüngung geht hiebei von einem Außendurchmesser D₁ im Anschluß an die Spitze 3 bis zu einem Außendurchmesser D₂, welcher dem kleinsten Querschnitt des sich verjüngenden Abschnittes entspricht. Die axiale Länge L₁ dieses sich verjüngenden Abschnittes ist hiebei so getroffen, daß das Verhältnis
zwischen 50 und 300 eingestellt ist. Anschließend an diesen sich verjüngenden Abschnitt 4 folgt ein weiterer Abschnitt 5 des Penetrators, an dessen Außenumfang zur Übertragung der Beschleunigungskräfte auf den Penetrator Halterillen oder ein Gewinde vorgesehen sein kann. Der Treibkäfig greift an diesem mit im wesentlichen konstantem Außendurchmesser ausgebildeten Abschnitt 5 an und ist mit 6 bezeichnet. Der Treibkäfig 6 ist im Waffenrohr 1 geführt. Am Heck des Penetrators 2 ist ein Leitwerk 7 angedeutet.In the drawing, a penetrator is partially indicated in section in a tube. The gun barrel is designated 1 here. The
is set between 50 and 300. This tapering
Die Beschleunigungskräfte, welche vom Treibkäfig 6 auf den Penetrator 2 übertragen werden sollen, greifen hiebei nicht nur an den Halterippen oder -rillen des Abschnittes 5, sondern auch am sich konisch zur Spitze hin erweiternden Abschnitt 4 an, so daß auf Grund der Kraftübertragung im Bereich des sich verjüngenden Abschnittes 4 die Zahl der Halterippen im nachfolgenden Abschnitt 5 wesentlich herabgesetzt werden kann.The acceleration forces which are to be transmitted from the
Claims (4)
- A penetrator (2) for sub-calibre impact projectiles with a length/diameter ratio of ≧ 20, characterised in that following the penetrator tip (3) in axial direction there is disposed a section (4) which is tapered towards the axis of the penetrator (2) in relation to the tip (3), and in that the centre of gravity of the penetrator is situated ahead of the longitudinal centre of the penetrator (2) in the direction of the tip (3).
- A penetrator according to Claim 1, characterised in that in axial direction, following the tapered section (4), there are formed subsequent sections (5) of the penetrator (2) with the smallest cross-section (D₂) of the tapered portion.
- A penetrator according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the ratio of the largest diameter (D₁) to the smallest diameter (D₂) of the tapered section (4), multiplied by the length (L₁) of the tapered portion, is chosen between 50 and 300.
- A penetrator according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterised in that the tapered section (4) is of conical form with straight generators.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0074287A AT387280B (en) | 1987-03-26 | 1987-03-26 | PENETRATOR FOR LOW-CALIBRATION BULLETS |
| AT742/87 | 1987-03-26 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0284599A2 EP0284599A2 (en) | 1988-09-28 |
| EP0284599A3 EP0284599A3 (en) | 1989-11-15 |
| EP0284599B1 true EP0284599B1 (en) | 1993-06-23 |
Family
ID=3498602
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP88890072A Expired - Lifetime EP0284599B1 (en) | 1987-03-26 | 1988-03-23 | Penetrator for a sabot projectile |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0284599B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | AT387280B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3881926D1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2042806T3 (en) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3935817A (en) * | 1971-07-28 | 1976-02-03 | General Dynamics Corporation | Penetrating spear |
| GB2163058A (en) * | 1984-07-26 | 1986-02-19 | Stanley Murray | Darts |
| DE3508053A1 (en) * | 1985-03-07 | 1986-09-18 | Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf | BULLET STOCK |
-
1987
- 1987-03-26 AT AT0074287A patent/AT387280B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1988
- 1988-03-23 EP EP88890072A patent/EP0284599B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-23 DE DE8888890072T patent/DE3881926D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-03-23 ES ES88890072T patent/ES2042806T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATA74287A (en) | 1988-05-15 |
| EP0284599A3 (en) | 1989-11-15 |
| DE3881926D1 (en) | 1993-07-29 |
| EP0284599A2 (en) | 1988-09-28 |
| AT387280B (en) | 1988-12-27 |
| ES2042806T3 (en) | 1993-12-16 |
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