EP0281699A1 - Silo de compostage comportant une aération et un recyclage partiel - Google Patents

Silo de compostage comportant une aération et un recyclage partiel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0281699A1
EP0281699A1 EP87302175A EP87302175A EP0281699A1 EP 0281699 A1 EP0281699 A1 EP 0281699A1 EP 87302175 A EP87302175 A EP 87302175A EP 87302175 A EP87302175 A EP 87302175A EP 0281699 A1 EP0281699 A1 EP 0281699A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silo
plant according
composting plant
conveyor
air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87302175A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Denys Herbert George Tollemache
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to GB8518762A priority Critical patent/GB2180230A/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to EP87302175A priority patent/EP0281699A1/fr
Publication of EP0281699A1 publication Critical patent/EP0281699A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/957—Apparatus therefor using two or more serially arranged devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a turned and aerated silo composting plant, designed to make compost from Municipal refuse or other wastes of an organic or mainly organic nature.
  • the present invention endeavours to avoid the above disadvantages by providing a coal cutter or other type of extractor, which enables the compost to be turned and "chib­bled” and hence mechanically aerated as and when this is desirable to keep the fermentation in the best state, no matter what the height of the composting materials above the extractor may be.
  • the depth of the composting materials it will be possible for the depth of the composting materials to be several times greater than the previous 2 m maximum.
  • several times as much composting material can be retained on the same surface area, thus giving a considerable economy in building cost, enabling the retention and treatment times to be greatly extended at the same cost and enabling the plant to make mature compost, without the need to windrow and give further treatment after removal from the plant.
  • a com­posting plant comprising a silo, means for feeding refuse material to the top of the silo, means for feeding air through the material in the silo, a cutter and/or extractor for removing material from the bottom of the silo, said cut­ter and/or extractor being movable over substantially the entire area of the silo, and a conveyor for recirculating extracted material back to the top of the silo.
  • one or more plenum chambers from which air can be blown outwards towards the perforated sides or inwards from the sides sucked to the centre in order to avoid the need to force the air through more than approximately 4 m.
  • the plant may advantageously be provided with a central plenum chamber and the sides have adequate perforations.
  • the forced air can therefore be blown outwards from this plenum chamber and can be exhausted through the sides.
  • a negative pressure or suction can be provided in the plenum chamber and the air sucked from the outside of the silos to the plenum chamber.
  • the silo walls are not perforated air can be blown from a central plenum chamber or series of perforated pipes to other such pipes under negative pressure.
  • a water spray may be provided so that the moisture content can be adjusted as desired.
  • a feed conveyor 1 for feeding a pulverised refuse from a pulverising plant.
  • This conveyor 1 feeds the refuse to a conveyor 11 running above the silo for discharging to wherever required along the length of the silo. While this may be operable as a shuttle conveyor which is bodily movable so that one end or other may be located over any desired position along the length of the silo, it would normally be more convenient simply to have the conveyor statically located with deflectors, not shown, provided for location at any required point for deflecting material from the conveyor 11 into the silo therebeneath.
  • the silo is shown as having perforated walls 2 with additional wall supports or buttresses 3 being provided in view of the substantial weight of material which may be con­tained within the full silo.
  • a central plenum chamber 4 extends longitudinally of the silo and as shown is provided with separate chambers one above the other which can be supplied with air at differing pressures, depending on the depth of material in the silo.
  • the length of the silo is divided into separate compartments by transverse walls A1,B1,C1 which, as well as supporting the plenums, enable air to be supplied to the plenum.
  • a pipe 5 is shown for supplying air to the bottom of the silo as, preferably, air is supplied to the bottom of the silo as well as through the various plenums for passage through the material in the silo to speed the composting operation.
  • a conveyor 12 runs along one side of the silo for collecting material removed from the bottom of the silo by an undercutting coal-cutter-type extractor 6, driven by a motor 7.
  • the extractor 6 is drivable lengthwise of the silo for undercutting material from the bottom of the silo and discharging it onto the conveyor 12.
  • the material being extracted is mature compost it can be delivered from the conveyor 12 to a compost screening house, otherwise it will be discharged onto a conveyor 8 which then discharges to a further conveyor 9 which returns the compost to the feeder conveyor 11.
  • the immature compost removed from the bottom of the silo can be fed back to the top of the silo and normally this will be done to a differ­ent compartment lengthwise of the silo so that each time the compost is turned it will be returned into a different com­partment with the successive compartments containing compost at different stages of maturing.
  • a sprinkler 10 is shown for sprinkling water onto com­post being returned via the conveyors 8 and 9 so as to main­tain the required moisture level in the compost. This is a simple way of proceeding in that the moisture can be added at one location but it is possible, alternatively or addit­ionally, to provide spraying means for spraying water directly into the top of the silo.
  • the conveyor 12 may be a bodily movable shuttle conveyor or may be provided with deflectors as is most convenient in the particular location.
  • an above-ground silo is provided but with air being fed as required to give the necessary aeration to the plenum chamber 4 and to the underfloor air duct 5.
  • Pulverised refuse is fed by conveyor 1 onto the conveyor 11 and distributed into the first com­partment between its boundaries X and A1.
  • the compost can be progressively removed after partial maturing from the bottom of the first compartment and moved using the conveyors 12,8, 9 and 11 into the second compartment between the walls A1 and B1 for further composting.
  • the refuse will then in turn be passed from that compartment to the next compartment and finally to the last compartment between the wall C1 and end wall Y.
  • the mature compost is extracted from the bottom of this last compartment.
  • FIG. 1 While a single plenum is shown in Figure 1, or at least a single plenum divided up into a series of vertically spaced chambers so that air can be ejected at different pressures from the different height plenum chambers, an alternative arrangement is shown in Figure 3 where different plenums are spaced vertically of the silo. While these plen­ums are shown as extending longitudinally of the silo, it will be appreciated that, in some instances, they can be provided transversely of the silo in which case they can be used to provide structural reinforcement in tension between the opposite side walls to hold them together and stop them spreading apart under the pressure exerted by the content when the silo is full.
  • the silo 20 is shown as comprising separate plen­ums 21 with baffles 22 being shown above the plenums.
  • the baffles are inclined so as to help divert downwardly flowing compost to permit it readily to flow past the plenums and also serve to divert upward flowing air so that it is less likely to form channels in the material being composted and is more likely to pass generally throughout the bulk of the waste material.
  • baffles will vary depending upon the particular circumstances in a particular silo and thus in some cases simple plates, either inclined or flat, may be provided or, where they are inclined, apertures may be pro­vided therethrough to permit any air reaching the baffles not being trapped but being allowed to escape into the waste material thereabove.
  • air in passing from one to the other can have both vertical and horizontal components when moving from one plenum to another.
  • suction and pressure are applied to alternate plenums vertically spaced in the silo as this will assist in dispersion of air through the composting waste material.
  • a suitable arrangement will comprise four silos with materials extracted from the bottom of one silo being raised by a conveyor or elevator to the top of the next silo, and then being passed on from silo to silo until mature compost is obtained from the last silo for passage to the final treatment.
  • each silo having a conveyor extending from beneath the centre of the silo to conduct compost away from the silo which has been undercut by means of a coal-type cutter conveyor 34 or 35, the outer ends of which carrying the motors are mounted on rails 36,37.
  • the conveyor 32 discharges onto an elevator conveyor 40 which carries material to the top of the silo 31.
  • a fur­ther conveyor 41 leads from near the discharge end of the conveyor 40 back over to the silo 30 so that if any material needs to be replaced into the silo 30, after having been removed from the bottom thereof, it is simply shifted upward to the elevator conveyor 40 and then, instead of being dis­charged from the end thereof into the silo 31, a deflector (not shown) is brought into operation to cause the material to be discharged onto the conveyor 41 which takes it back for feeding into the top of the silo 30.
  • the feeder conveyor for feeding waste material to the top of silo 30 has been omitted for the purposes of clarity as have the various plenums and baffles, if such are required, which will extend across the circular silos 30,31. While the provision of por­ous walls 2 has been disclosed in connection with Figure 1, in most cases where a plurality of plenums are provided such porous walls will not be required, due to the air being added and abstracted through different ones of the plenums. Having staggered plenums operating in this way, a consider­able silo height can be obtained. Alternatively vertical pipes may replace the plenums; such pipes would have wall perforations and internal chambers so that air would be introduced at a pressure of suction suited to the depth of material.
  • material fed to the silo 30 will gradually pass down through the silo as successive layers of material are removed from the bottom of the silo.
  • This removal is carried out by the coal-type cut­ter conveyor 34 which extends radially of the silo and is rotated about the centre of the silo with the cutter con­veyor operating to take the removed undercut material to the centre of the silo where it is then removed by the conveyor 32.
  • Means will be provided for adding water as required, either by direct sprinkling into the silo or by sprinkling onto material being carried from one silo the next.
  • the preferred means of supplying air into the round silos is by way of downpipes, as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6.
  • the silo 31 is shown as provided with two down pipes 50 and 51 connected respec­tively with inlet pipes 56 and 55.
  • the pipe 51 is shown as having an exit aperture at the bottom whereas pipe 50 is shown as having apertures 52 part way along its length.
  • a frustoconical baffle 53 is mounted above the outlets so as to resist the flow of air up adjacent the exterior walls of the pipes.
  • a conveyor 40 is shown for discharging material into the silo 31.
  • Figure 5 is diagrammatic in order to illustrate different ways in which the downpipes may be formed although in a very simple construction, one would simply have different downpipes extending to different depths with, in each case, the air being discharged out through the bottom end of the pipe, as with the exit 54 in pipe 51.
  • each pipe would only be intended to dis­charge at a particular level due to the fact that one could expect to require to use a higher discharge pressure at the lower end of the silo as opposed to higher up the silo.
  • Groups of downpipes can readily be connected to different plenums so as to provide the pressure required in any parti­cular pipe.
  • Figure 6 illustrates how connections 60 and 61 from the exterior of the silo connect to plenums 62 and 63 which are respectively connected with downpipes 64 and 65.
  • FIG 7 diagrammatically illustrates the lower end of a round silo 70 in which, instead of having the cutter/­extractor driven from externally of the silo area as shown in Figure 4, the entire cutter arrangement is mounted within the plan area of the silo walls as this simplifies construc­tion of the silo itself.
  • the drive for the cutter/extractor is then provided near the centre of the silo to cause both the circular sweeping movement and the drive to the chain cutter teeth to undercut and convey waste to the central outlet to this discharge conveyor.
  • the silo 70 is shown mounted upon a concrete base 73 and spaced from this base there is a steel support plate 74 provided with a central aperture 75.
  • Aeration downpipes 72 are shown in the silo 70 with the silo containing composting refuse 71.
  • the cutter/extractor 76 is provided with an external motor 83 with a mechanical drive being provided from there to a central location about which a cutter/extractor arm 77 rotates about an axis 78.
  • a drive chain 80 provides the drive to the centre of the cutter/­extractor apparatus and while a small conveyor may be provi­ded over the drive from the motor 83 to the centre of the silo, in practice it is found preferable to have a larger conveyor 82 to collect material falling through the hole 75 and to convey it to the exterior of the silo.
  • the conveyor 82 is driven by a drive to an exterior drive roller 81.
  • a suitable cutter/extractor is the Atlas (Trademark) chain-type unloader, manufactured by A O Smith Harvestore Products Inc of the United States.
  • the space beneath the steel plate 74 and above the concrete base 73 acts as a plenum chamber for the supply of air to the bottom of the silo from a fan 84 provided with an inlet conduit 85.
  • the fan 84 is not operated when the cutt­er/extractor is working on an extraction operation but dur­ing other times air is supplied through the hole 75 to assist in aerating the material 71 in the silo.
  • Figure 8 diagrammatically illustrates from above the arrangement of the extractor with the arm 77 sweeping about the axis 78 so as to discharge material through the central hole 75.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
EP87302175A 1985-07-24 1987-03-13 Silo de compostage comportant une aération et un recyclage partiel Withdrawn EP0281699A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8518762A GB2180230A (en) 1985-07-24 1985-07-24 Composting silo
EP87302175A EP0281699A1 (fr) 1987-03-13 1987-03-13 Silo de compostage comportant une aération et un recyclage partiel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP87302175A EP0281699A1 (fr) 1987-03-13 1987-03-13 Silo de compostage comportant une aération et un recyclage partiel

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0281699A1 true EP0281699A1 (fr) 1988-09-14

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EP87302175A Withdrawn EP0281699A1 (fr) 1985-07-24 1987-03-13 Silo de compostage comportant une aération et un recyclage partiel

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EP (1) EP0281699A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2442723A (en) * 2006-08-31 2008-04-16 Teg Environmental Plc Partitioned composting cage
CN108516873A (zh) * 2018-04-24 2018-09-11 江苏生久环境科技有限公司 一种生活垃圾发酵处理系统
FR3100238A1 (fr) * 2019-09-04 2021-03-05 Jua Group Ltd Procede et dispositif de chargement d’un materiau en strates, et installation comprenant un tel dispositif

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR753608A (fr) * 1933-07-24 1933-10-20 Procédé et installation pour le traitement des ordures ménagères
US2209613A (en) * 1935-04-29 1940-07-30 Bio Reduction Corp Decomposition of organic matter
US2639902A (en) * 1950-04-07 1953-05-26 Smith Corp A O Digester tower
DE1083186B (de) * 1955-03-03 1960-06-09 Passavant Werke Gaersilo fuer Kompostbereitung
FR85086E (fr) * 1964-01-13 1965-06-04 Traitement Ind Des Gadoues Soc Procédé de transformation en compost de déchets organiques, notamment immondices, boues de curage et matières analogues
BE692416A (fr) * 1966-01-15 1967-06-16
DE1592611A1 (de) * 1965-05-12 1970-09-17 Wilhelm Diefenbacher Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Umwandeln von Muell od.dgl. in ein Bodenverbesserungsmittel
FR2312474A1 (fr) * 1975-05-29 1976-12-24 Kaelin J R Installation de traitement d'ordures menageres ou de boues epaissies
FR2473038A1 (fr) * 1980-01-08 1981-07-10 Traitement Indl Gadoues Installation pour la transformation de dechets organiques en compost
EP0173502A2 (fr) * 1984-08-22 1986-03-05 John G. Laurenson, Jr. Système d'injection et d'évacuation d'air de compostage ayant une régulation d'air améliorée
GB2164331A (en) * 1984-08-01 1986-03-19 Thomas Richard Wotton Waste disposal apparatus
GB2180230A (en) * 1985-07-24 1987-03-25 Denys Herbert Georg Tollemache Composting silo

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR43725E (fr) * 1933-07-24 1934-08-09 Procédé et installation pour le traitement des ordures ménagères
FR753608A (fr) * 1933-07-24 1933-10-20 Procédé et installation pour le traitement des ordures ménagères
US2209613A (en) * 1935-04-29 1940-07-30 Bio Reduction Corp Decomposition of organic matter
US2639902A (en) * 1950-04-07 1953-05-26 Smith Corp A O Digester tower
DE1083186B (de) * 1955-03-03 1960-06-09 Passavant Werke Gaersilo fuer Kompostbereitung
FR85086E (fr) * 1964-01-13 1965-06-04 Traitement Ind Des Gadoues Soc Procédé de transformation en compost de déchets organiques, notamment immondices, boues de curage et matières analogues
DE1592611A1 (de) * 1965-05-12 1970-09-17 Wilhelm Diefenbacher Kg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Umwandeln von Muell od.dgl. in ein Bodenverbesserungsmittel
BE692416A (fr) * 1966-01-15 1967-06-16
FR2312474A1 (fr) * 1975-05-29 1976-12-24 Kaelin J R Installation de traitement d'ordures menageres ou de boues epaissies
FR2473038A1 (fr) * 1980-01-08 1981-07-10 Traitement Indl Gadoues Installation pour la transformation de dechets organiques en compost
GB2164331A (en) * 1984-08-01 1986-03-19 Thomas Richard Wotton Waste disposal apparatus
EP0173502A2 (fr) * 1984-08-22 1986-03-05 John G. Laurenson, Jr. Système d'injection et d'évacuation d'air de compostage ayant une régulation d'air améliorée
GB2180230A (en) * 1985-07-24 1987-03-25 Denys Herbert Georg Tollemache Composting silo

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2442723A (en) * 2006-08-31 2008-04-16 Teg Environmental Plc Partitioned composting cage
GB2442723B (en) * 2006-08-31 2011-04-06 Teg Environmental Plc Partitioned composting cage
US7998729B2 (en) 2006-08-31 2011-08-16 The Teg Group Plc Composting cage
CN108516873A (zh) * 2018-04-24 2018-09-11 江苏生久环境科技有限公司 一种生活垃圾发酵处理系统
FR3100238A1 (fr) * 2019-09-04 2021-03-05 Jua Group Ltd Procede et dispositif de chargement d’un materiau en strates, et installation comprenant un tel dispositif
WO2021044084A1 (fr) * 2019-09-04 2021-03-11 Jua Group Ltd Procede et dispositif de chargement d'un materiau en strates et installation comprenant un tel dispositif

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