EP0280756B1 - Process for improving the grinding efficiency of grinding and honing tools - Google Patents

Process for improving the grinding efficiency of grinding and honing tools Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0280756B1
EP0280756B1 EP87103236A EP87103236A EP0280756B1 EP 0280756 B1 EP0280756 B1 EP 0280756B1 EP 87103236 A EP87103236 A EP 87103236A EP 87103236 A EP87103236 A EP 87103236A EP 0280756 B1 EP0280756 B1 EP 0280756B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
metallic
grinding
process according
soap
reaction mixture
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP87103236A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0280756A1 (en
Inventor
Karl Dr. Elbel
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Carborundum Schleifmittelwerke GmbH
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Carborundum Schleifmittelwerke GmbH
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Priority to DE8787103236T priority Critical patent/DE3763377D1/en
Priority to AT87103236T priority patent/ATE54084T1/en
Priority to EP87103236A priority patent/EP0280756B1/en
Priority to ES87103236T priority patent/ES2016583B3/en
Priority to US07/164,468 priority patent/US4784671A/en
Publication of EP0280756A1 publication Critical patent/EP0280756A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0280756B1 publication Critical patent/EP0280756B1/en
Priority to GR90400694T priority patent/GR3003005T3/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/20—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially organic
    • B24D3/28—Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • B24D3/32—Resins or natural or synthetic macromolecular compounds for porous or cellular structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
    • B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
    • B24D3/14—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings
    • B24D3/18—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic ceramic, i.e. vitrified bondings for porous or cellular structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
    • B24D3/34—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties
    • B24D3/342—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents characterised by additives enhancing special physical properties, e.g. wear resistance, electric conductivity, self-cleaning properties incorporated in the bonding agent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the desired metal soaps only form part of the impregnation mixture and several impregnation processes with subsequent drying or removal of excess impregnation mixture are usually required (e.g. by rotating the impregnated grinding wheel and ejecting excess portions of the impregnation mixture).
  • suitable solvents water or organic solvents
  • ceramic-bonded disks with a relatively large pore volume primarily a structure 7 or larger, are treated with metal soaps until the volume of the metal soaps introduced corresponds to at least 5% of the total volume of the grinding disk.
  • plastic-bonded grinding wheels provided that they have a corresponding structure.
  • Montanic acids C 22 ... to C 34 with melting points above 80 ° C. can also be used as fatty acids, as can hydroxy compounds of the listed compounds, 12-oxystearic acid being mentioned as an example.
  • the possibility according to the invention of introducing metal soaps into correspondingly porous grinding wheel bodies is that the soap is formed in the grinding wheel or in the honing body by chemical reaction. This has the advantage that only small amounts of water have to be removed, and that the soaps are obtained in a compact form, so that only a single impregnation may be sufficient. Furthermore, the addition of small amounts of binder can be dispensed with here.

Abstract

A process for improving the grinding performance of a porous ceramic or plastic bound grinding or honing body, using the steps of obtaining a conventionally produced porous ceramic or plastic bound grinding or honing body, and filling the pore spaces of the body at least in part with at least one metal soap.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Es ist bekannt, daß beim Schleifen wärmeempfindlicher Stähle mit reduzierter Zerspanleistung gearbeitet werden muß wegen der sonst unzulässigen thermischen Beeinflußung des Werkstoffgefüges. Als hauptsächliche thermisch bedingte Schleifschäden sind hierbei zu nennen: Maßabweichung und Verzug, Brandmarken, Gefügeveränderungen, Auf- und Neuhärtung, Weichhautbildung, ungünstige Beeinflussung des Eigenspannungszustandes, Rißbildung und chemische Reaktionen.It is known that when grinding heat-sensitive steels, reduced cutting power has to be used because of the otherwise impermissible thermal influence on the material structure. The main thermally induced grinding damage can be mentioned here: dimensional deviation and warpage, branding, structural changes, hardening and new hardening, soft skin formation, unfavorable influence on the state of internal stress, crack formation and chemical reactions.

Auch beim Schleifen von NE-Metallen wie Aluminimum, Messing, Titan u.a. treten Schwierigkeiten mit den herkömmlichen Schleifscheiben auf, und zwar dadurch, daß sich die Späne in der Scheibenoberfläche verkeilen und nachfolgend zum Teil wieder auf die geschliffene Werkstückoberfläche aufgeschweißt werden. Man hilft sich dann dadurch, daß man mit Schleiföl als Kühlmittel arbeitet und die Scheiben kontinuierlich abrichtet. Dies führt einerseits zu Umweltproblemen (verbrauchtes Schleiföl ist "Abfallöl", kein "Altöl") und entsprechenden Kosten, auch steigt der Schleifscheibenverbrauch durch das "continuous dressing", wodurch die Schleifkosten weiter steigen.Also when grinding non-ferrous metals such as aluminum, brass, titanium etc. Difficulties arise with the conventional grinding wheels, namely that the chips wedge in the surface of the wheel and are subsequently partially welded back onto the ground workpiece surface. You can then help yourself by working with grinding oil as a coolant and continuously dressing the discs. On the one hand, this leads to environmental problems (used grinding oil is "waste oil", not "waste oil") and corresponding costs, and the grinding wheel consumption increases due to "continuous dressing", which further increases the grinding costs.

Es hat nicht an Versuchen gefehlt, hier zumindest in Teilbereichen Abhilfe zu schaffen. So werden schon seit Jahrzehnten für bestimmte Aufgaben keramisch gebundene Schleif- und Honkörper nachträglich in der Wärme und zumeist im Vakuum mit flüssigem Schwefel getränkt und anschließend erkalten gelassen. Der Schwefel wirkt hier als Hochdruckschmiermittel. Es läßt sich jedoch nicht vermeiden, daß beim Arbeiten mit derart getränkten Schleifkörpern chemische Reaktionen mit der Werkstückoberfläche ablaufen. Schwefel macht aber den Stahl spröde und rotbrüchig und ist mithin sehr schädlich, von der Umweltbelastung einmal abgesehen.There has been no shortage of attempts to remedy this, at least in some areas. For decades, ceramically bonded grinding and honing bodies have been soaked with liquid sulfur for certain tasks in the heat and mostly in a vacuum and then left to cool. The sulfur acts here as a high pressure lubricant. However, it cannot be avoided that chemical reactions with the workpiece surface occur when working with such impregnated abrasive bodies. However, sulfur makes the steel brittle and brittle and is therefore very harmful, apart from the environmental impact.

Ein anderer Weg, der vorgeschlagen wurde, ist die Zuführung von Kühlschmiermittel über eine Hohlwelle in die Schleifscheibenbohrung und von dort durch die entsprechend poröse Schleifscheibe an die Kontaktstelle Scheibe/Werkstück. Hier muß das im Umlauf geführte Kühlmittel extrem gereinigt werden, damit sich die Poren der Schleifscheibe nicht verstopfen. (Industrie-Anzeiger 53, 1982, S. 39ff)Another way that has been proposed is the supply of cooling lubricant via a hollow shaft into the grinding wheel bore and from there through the correspondingly porous grinding wheel to the contact point between wheel and workpiece. Here the circulating coolant must be cleaned extremely so that the pores of the grinding wheel do not become blocked. (Industrie-Anzeiger 53, 1982, p. 39ff)

Es hat sich gezeigt, daß Schleifkörper, die gemäß der EP-0 114 280 bzw. US- 4 541 843 unter Zusatz einer Metallseife hergestellt wurden, überraschend gute Schleifeigenschaften besitzen. So lassen sich mit solchen Scheiben vergütete und gehärtete Stähle schneller und kühler schleifen als mit herkömmlichen Schleifscheiben. Beim Schleifen von Aluminium, Titan, Kunststoffen und ähnlichen Werkstoffen setzen sich solche metallseifenenthaltenden Schleifscheiben bzw. Honkörper nicht zu, weshalb die gefürchteten Wiederaufschweißungen und Blechmantelbildungen vermieden werden. Auch die Gratbildung wird stark unterdrückt, wenn nicht völlig vermieden.It has been shown that abrasive articles which have been produced in accordance with EP-0 114 280 or US Pat. No. 4,541,843 with the addition of a metal soap have surprisingly good grinding properties. In this way, tempered and hardened steels can be ground faster and cooler than with conventional grinding wheels. When grinding aluminum, titanium, plastics and similar materials, such grinding disks or honing bodies containing metal soap do not become clogged, which is why the dreaded rewelding and sheet metal jacket formation are avoided. Burr formation is also strongly suppressed, if not completely avoided.

Es sind auch schon Verfahren vorgeschlagen worden, mit denen dieses vorteilhafte Schleifverhalten auch bei konventionell hergestellten Schleif- oder Honkörpern erreicht werden soll: So beschreiben die Veröffentlichungen "Soviet Inventions Illustrated, Woche 84/22, Zusammenfassung 84-139747/22, 11. Juli 1984, Derwent Publications Ltd. London, G.B." und "Chemical Abstracts, Band 89,1978, Seite 268, Zusammenfassung Nr. 219679z, Columbus, Ohio, USA"Methods have also been proposed with which this advantageous grinding behavior should also be achieved with conventionally produced grinding or honing bodies: the publications "Soviet Inventions Illustrated, Week 84/22, Summary 84-139747 / 22, July 11, 1984 describe this , Derwent Publications Ltd. London, GB " and "Chemical Abstracts, vol. 89, 1978, page 268, abstract no. 219679z, Columbus, Ohio, USA"

Im Prägnierverfahren, bei denen dem betreffenden Schleifkörper Aluminiumstearat als Metallseife zugeführt wird, indem der Schleifkörper in ein Imprägniergemisch mit dieser Metallseife eingetaucht und somit "imprägniert" wird.In the impregnation process, in which aluminum stearate is supplied as metal soap to the grinding wheel in question by immersing the grinding wheel in an impregnation mixture with this metal soap and thus “impregnating” it.

Hierbei bilden die erwünschten Metallseifen jedoch nur einen Teil des Imprägniergemisches und es sind in der Regel mehrere Imprägniervorgänge mit anschließender Trocknung bzw. Entfernung von Überschüssen des Imprägniergemisches erforderlich (beispielsweise durch Rotation des imprägnierten Schleifrades und Hinausschleudem überschüssiger Anteile des Imprägniergemisches). Insbesondere, wenn lediglich Metallseifen (ohne die aus den genannten Dokumenten enthaltenen weiteren Bestandteile des Imprägniergemisches) eingebracht werden sollen, kommt man nicht ohne geeignete Lösungsmittel (Wasser oder organische Lösungsmittel) aus, was eine Wiederholung des Imprägniervorganges mit anschließenden Trocknungsvorgängen erfordert, um die gewünschte Menge an Seife in den Schleifkörper einzubringen.However, the desired metal soaps only form part of the impregnation mixture and several impregnation processes with subsequent drying or removal of excess impregnation mixture are usually required (e.g. by rotating the impregnated grinding wheel and ejecting excess portions of the impregnation mixture). In particular, if only metal soaps (without the other constituents of the impregnation mixture contained in the documents mentioned) are to be introduced, one cannot do without suitable solvents (water or organic solvents), which requires a repetition of the impregnation process with subsequent drying processes to the desired amount of soap in the grinding wheel.

Die vorbekannten Verfahren ermöglichen daher nur eine unzureichende Einbringung von Metallseifen in einen Schleifkörper.The previously known methods therefore only allow inadequate introduction of metal soaps into an abrasive wheel.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, die vorbekannten Verfahren so weiterzubilden, daß die einzubringenden Metallseifen in kompakter Form anfallen, also insbesondere nur eine einzige Tränkung des Schleifkörpers ausreicht, wobei unerwünschte oder überflüssige Gemischbestandteile weitgehend vermieden werden.It is therefore an object of the invention to develop the previously known methods so that the metal soaps to be introduced are obtained in a compact form, that is to say in particular only a single impregnation of the grinding wheel is sufficient, undesirable or superfluous mixture components being largely avoided.

Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe gemäß dem kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.According to the invention, this object is achieved in accordance with the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Vorteilhafterweise werden hierbei fertig gebrannte, keramisch gebundene Scheiben mit verhältnismäßig großem Porenvolumen, vornehmlich einer Struktur 7 oder größer, mit Metallseifen behandelt, bis das Volumen der eingebrachten Metallseifen wenigstens 5% des Gesamtvolumens der Schleifscheibe entspricht. Entsprechendes gilt für kunststoffgebundene Schleifkörper, sofern sie eine entsprechende Struktur besitzen.Advantageously, completely fired, ceramic-bonded disks with a relatively large pore volume, primarily a structure 7 or larger, are treated with metal soaps until the volume of the metal soaps introduced corresponds to at least 5% of the total volume of the grinding disk. The same applies to plastic-bonded grinding wheels, provided that they have a corresponding structure.

Als Metallseifen sollen hier verstanden werden neutrale oder basische Salze ein- oder mehrwertiger Metalle oder Amine. Vorteilhafterweise werden solche Seifen verwendet, die einerseits umwelt- und kühlmittelverträglich sind, und die andererseits einen möglichst hohen Schmelzpunkt haben. Hierzu sind vornehmlich zu nennen Salze bzw. Seifen folgender Fettsäuren, deren Schmelzpunkt (F) mit angegeben ist:

  • Laurinsäure C11H23-COOH F 43°C
  • Myristinsäure Ci3H27-COOH F 54°C
  • Palmitinsäure C15H31COOH F 63°C
  • Stearinsäure C17H35-COOH F 71 °C
  • Arachinsäure C19H39-COOH F 75°C
  • Behensäure C21H43-COOH F 80°C
  • mit Kalzium, Zink, Aluminium, Natrium oder Lithium.
Metal soaps are to be understood here as neutral or basic salts of mono- or polyvalent metals or amines. Advantageously, soaps are used that are compatible with the environment and coolant on the one hand and that have a melting point that is as high as possible on the other hand. For this are to be mentioned primarily salts or soaps of the following fatty acids, the melting point (F) of which is also given:
  • Lauric acid C 11 H 23 COOH F 43 ° C
  • Myristic acid C i3 H 27 -COOH F 54 ° C
  • Palmitic acid C 15 H 31 COOH F 63 ° C
  • Stearic acid C 17 H 35 -COOH F 71 ° C
  • Arachidic acid C 19 H 39 -COOH F 75 ° C
  • Behenic acid C 21 H 43 -COOH F 80 ° C
  • with calcium, zinc, aluminum, sodium or lithium.

Als Fettsäuren können auch Montansäuren C22... bis C34 mit Schmelzpunkten über 80°C verwendet werden, ebenso wie Hydroxyverbindungen der aufgeführten Verbindungen, als Beispiel sei hierzu die 12-Oxystearinsäure erwähnt.Montanic acids C 22 ... to C 34 with melting points above 80 ° C. can also be used as fatty acids, as can hydroxy compounds of the listed compounds, 12-oxystearic acid being mentioned as an example.

Die erfindungsgemäße Möglichkeit der Einbringung von Metallseifen in entsprechend poröse Schleifscheibenkörper ist die, daß sich die Seife in der Schleifscheibe bzw. in dem Honkörper durch chemische Reaktion bildet. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß sich nur geringe Wassermengen bilden, die entfernt werden müssen, und daß die Seifen in kompakter Form anfallen, also ggf. nur eine einzige Tränkung ausreicht. Ferner kann hier auf den Zusatz geringer Bindemittelmengen verzichtet werden.The possibility according to the invention of introducing metal soaps into correspondingly porous grinding wheel bodies is that the soap is formed in the grinding wheel or in the honing body by chemical reaction. This has the advantage that only small amounts of water have to be removed, and that the soaps are obtained in a compact form, so that only a single impregnation may be sufficient. Furthermore, the addition of small amounts of binder can be dispensed with here.

Beispielsweise wird Stearinsäure geschmolzen, die stöchiometrische Menge Zinkoxid hierin dispergiert und die erhitzte Scheibe sofort im Anschluß daran hiermit getränkt, ggf. im Vakuum, und solange weiter erhitzt, bis die folgende Reaktion

Figure imgb0001

  • abgelaufen und das Reaktionswasser entfernt ist. Anstelle entsprechender Metalloxide können auch Metallhydroxide oder -carbonate verwendet werden, so daß dann beispielsweise folgende entsprechende Reaktionen zur Bildung der Metallseife im Schleifkörper ablaufen:
    Figure imgb0002
For example, stearic acid is melted, the stoichiometric amount of zinc oxide is dispersed therein, and the heated disk is immediately impregnated thereafter, if necessary in vacuo, and heated until the subsequent reaction
Figure imgb0001
  • expired and the water of reaction is removed. Instead of corresponding metal oxides, metal hydroxides or carbonates can also be used, so that, for example, the following corresponding reactions to form the metal soap then take place in the grinding wheel:
    Figure imgb0002

Eine weitere Möglichkeit der Bildung erfindungsgemäßer Metallseifen in den Schleif- bzw. Honkörpem durch chemische Reaktion besteht darin, daß man von einer entsprechenden Schmelze einer Ammoniumseife ausgeht, welcher die stöchiometrische Menge des entsprechenden Metalloxids bzw. Metallhydroxids zugesetzt wurde. Nach der Tränkung wird zur Bildung der Metallseife das bei der Reaktion Beispiel:

Figure imgb0003

  • entstehende Wasser und Ammoniak ausgetrieben.
Another possibility for the formation of metal soaps according to the invention in the abrasive or honing bodies by chemical reaction is that a corresponding melt of an ammonium soap is used, to which the stoichiometric amount of the corresponding metal oxide or metal hydroxide has been added. After the impregnation, to form the metal soap, use the reaction example:
Figure imgb0003
  • emerging water and ammonia expelled.

Claims (6)

1. Process for improving the grinding efficiency of grinding or honing bodies which are combined with ceramic or plastics materials, by the utilisation of metallic soaps in the pore spaces of the grinding or honing bodies, more especially salts of stearic acid with mono- or polyvalent metals, characterised in that the metallic soap within the pore spaces is formed from a reaction mixture, which is free of metallic soap and is formed from fatty acid, a fatty acid hydroxy compound or an ammonium soap of the general formula (CnH2n+1-COOH) with n a11 and a metallic compound, which is selected from the group of oxides, hydroxides or carbonates, wherein the reaction mixture is liquefied by heat and introduced into the pore spaces under vacuum, whereupon the reaction to form the metallic soap is effected with an additional input of heat, and the reaction by-products are subsequently removed.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the metallic compound is sodium hydroxide, and in that, at a heating level of more than 71°C, sodium stearate and water are formed in the pore spaces according to the following reaction equation:
Figure imgb0006
3. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the reaction mixture is formed from a fused mass of ammonium stearate and the stoichiometric quantity of the metallic oxide or metallic hydroxide.
4. Process according to claim 3, characterised in that the metallic hydroxide is LiOH, whereby the following reaction occurs:
Figure imgb0007
5. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the metallic compound is selected from the group of oxides, hydroxides or carbonates of the metals in the first and second principal and/or secondary groups of the Periodic Table.
6. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the reaction mixture is formed from stearic acid or hydroxy stearic acid or ammonium stearate and a metallic compound.
EP87103236A 1987-03-06 1987-03-06 Process for improving the grinding efficiency of grinding and honing tools Expired - Lifetime EP0280756B1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8787103236T DE3763377D1 (en) 1987-03-06 1987-03-06 METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE GRINDING PERFORMANCE OF GRINDING AND HONOR BODIES.
AT87103236T ATE54084T1 (en) 1987-03-06 1987-03-06 METHOD OF IMPROVING ABRASIVE AND HONING BODY ABRASIVE PERFORMANCE.
EP87103236A EP0280756B1 (en) 1987-03-06 1987-03-06 Process for improving the grinding efficiency of grinding and honing tools
ES87103236T ES2016583B3 (en) 1987-03-06 1987-03-06 PROCEDURE FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE SHARPENING POWER OF THE SHARPENING AND RECTIFYING BODIES.
US07/164,468 US4784671A (en) 1987-03-06 1988-03-04 Method of improving the grinding performance of grinding and honing bodies
GR90400694T GR3003005T3 (en) 1987-03-06 1990-09-05 Process for improving the grinding efficiency of grinding and honing tools

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP87103236A EP0280756B1 (en) 1987-03-06 1987-03-06 Process for improving the grinding efficiency of grinding and honing tools

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EP0280756A1 EP0280756A1 (en) 1988-09-07
EP0280756B1 true EP0280756B1 (en) 1990-06-27

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EP (1) EP0280756B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE54084T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3763377D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2016583B3 (en)
GR (1) GR3003005T3 (en)

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Also Published As

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DE3763377D1 (en) 1990-08-02
GR3003005T3 (en) 1993-02-17
ES2016583B3 (en) 1990-11-16
US4784671A (en) 1988-11-15
EP0280756A1 (en) 1988-09-07
ATE54084T1 (en) 1990-07-15

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