EP0280150A1 - Space heating element consisting of a ceramic body provided with an electrically resistant layer, especially in the form of a ceramic plate - Google Patents

Space heating element consisting of a ceramic body provided with an electrically resistant layer, especially in the form of a ceramic plate Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0280150A1
EP0280150A1 EP88102207A EP88102207A EP0280150A1 EP 0280150 A1 EP0280150 A1 EP 0280150A1 EP 88102207 A EP88102207 A EP 88102207A EP 88102207 A EP88102207 A EP 88102207A EP 0280150 A1 EP0280150 A1 EP 0280150A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ceramic
glaze
heating element
layer
electrically conductive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88102207A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0280150B1 (en
Inventor
Martin Bard
Gottfried Dr. Cremer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Buchtal GmbH
Original Assignee
Buchtal GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Buchtal GmbH filed Critical Buchtal GmbH
Priority to AT88102207T priority Critical patent/ATE68655T1/en
Publication of EP0280150A1 publication Critical patent/EP0280150A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0280150B1 publication Critical patent/EP0280150B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/265—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic

Definitions

  • a room heating element consisting of a ceramic molded body, which is provided on the side facing away from its visible side with a flat heating conductor in the form of an electrical resistance coating made of an electrically conductive ceramic glaze, in which the electrical resistance coating is formed as a resistance layer from a material in which non-metallic, large specific surface area, electrically conductive particles which do not change their electrical conductivity significantly when the temperature rises are embedded in an electrically non-conductive or poorly conductive carrier substance and this material is applied in such a way that the resistance coating has a uniform electrical and thermal conductivity.
  • a special form of such a space heating element is e.g. B. a large wall, floor or ceiling panel.
  • contact is made with the electrical resistance coating, in particular through contact elements arranged symmetrically on the electrical resistance layer.
  • contact elements arranged symmetrically on the electrical resistance layer.
  • the invention has set itself the task of designing the electrically conductive resistance coating of the clothing body so that this detachment either no longer occurs directly from the fastening base or from an insulating layer placed over it, and furthermore an improvement in the heating properties of the space heating element is brought about.
  • the resistance layer in the form of an electrically conductive resistance glaze is covered by a layer of non-conductive or poorly conductive ceramic glaze with a carrier substance of the same ceramic composition as that of the resistance glaze but with built-in kaolin particles and the structure made of ceramic Molded body, electrically conductive ceramic glaze and ceramic Ab
  • the cover layer is heated to below the quartz transformation point ( ⁇ 750 ° C) and the resistance layer and cover layer are burned onto the ceramic clothing body.
  • any organic insulating coating adheres to such a coated body of clothing without any problems.
  • an electrical current passage which is uniform over the surface is achieved in that the contacting of the electrical heating layer is carried out in such a way that the contact elements or the contact layer is applied directly to the ceramic shaped body, this layer being in a ramp shape to the outer edge of the ceramic molded body grows and the ramp height is measured according to the thickness of the heating layer and the ramp width is more than fifty times this thickness.
  • the heating layer thickness was 120 u and the width of the contact layer was 15 mm. Furthermore, this measure reduces the tendency for the contact elements or contact layer to detach.
  • contact layer is applied directly to the back of the ceramic molded body as the first process step, followed by the application of the electrical heating layer as the second step.
  • cover layer is applied and the entire structure is then subjected to a firing or heating process in a fourth step.
  • the electrical resistance coating 2 is composed of a carrier substance 5 and conductive particles 4 embedded in this carrier substance.
  • the cover layer 3 is composed of the same carrier substance 5 and kaolin particles 6 embedded therein.
  • FIG. 2 shows a space heating element as described in EU-A-0 158 091, which is made up of a ceramic molded body 1, an electrical resistance coating 2 and a contact element 7.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the space heating element according to the invention comprising an electrical resistance coating 2, a cover layer 3 and a contact element 8.
  • This contact element 8 grows in a ramp shape at 9 towards the outer edge of the ceramic molded body.
  • the contact element which can be formed by a contact layer, is formed in the exemplary embodiment shown with a substantially triangular cross section.
  • the maximum ramp height 10 corresponds to the layer thickness 11 of the electrical resistance coating 2.
  • the width 12 of the contact element is more than fifty times the thickness or thickness 11 of the electrical resistance coating 2. From FIG. 4 it follows that the contact element, on the two opposite Long sides of the space heating element is formed.
  • the space heating element is expediently designed as a large wall, floor or ceiling cladding panel, which has side dimensions of 60 ⁇ 60 cm, in particular as a square panel.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Steroid Compounds (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Abstract

A space heating element having a ceramic body, an electrically conductive ceramic glaze provided on the side of the ceramic shaped body opposite the visible side, and a nonconductive ceramic glaze provided over the electrically conductive glaze. The electrically resistive glaze has nonmetallic electrically conductive particles embedded in a carrier substance. The nonconductive glaze has the same carrier substance as the electrically conductive glaze but has kaolin particles embedded therein in place of the nonmetallic electrically conductive particles. The ceramic body, electrically resistive glaze and nonconductive ceramic glaze are heated to a temperature below the quartz transition temperature.

Description

Aus der EU-A- 0 158 091 ist ein Raumheizelement bestehend aus einem keramischen Formkörper, der auf der seiner Sichtseite abgewendeten Seite mit einem flächenhaften Heizleiter in Form einer elektrischen Widerstandsbeschichtung aus einer elektrisch leitenden keramischen Glasur versehen ist, bekannt, bei dem die elektrische Widerstandsbeschichtung als Widerstandsschicht aus einem Material ausgebildet ist, bei dem nichtmetallische, große spezifische Oberfläche aufweisende, elektrisch leitende, bei Temperaturerhöhung ihre elektrische Leitfähigkeit nicht wesentlich ändernde Partikel in einer elektrisch nicht oder nur schlecht leitenden Trägersubstanz eingebettet sind und dieses Material so aufgetragen ist, daß die Widerstandsbe­schichtung eine gleichmäßige elektrische und thermische Leit­fähigkeit aufweist. Eine Spezialform eines solchen Raum­heizelementes ist z. B. eine großflächige Wand-, Boden- oder Deckenbekleidungsplatte.From EU-A-0 158 091 a room heating element is known consisting of a ceramic molded body, which is provided on the side facing away from its visible side with a flat heating conductor in the form of an electrical resistance coating made of an electrically conductive ceramic glaze, in which the electrical resistance coating is formed as a resistance layer from a material in which non-metallic, large specific surface area, electrically conductive particles which do not change their electrical conductivity significantly when the temperature rises are embedded in an electrically non-conductive or poorly conductive carrier substance and this material is applied in such a way that the resistance coating has a uniform electrical and thermal conductivity. A special form of such a space heating element is e.g. B. a large wall, floor or ceiling panel.

Unter ungünstigen Bedingungen kann es bei Ausbildung der elektrischen Widerstandsbeschichtung aus einer elektrisch leitenden keramischen Widerstandsglasur vorkommen, daß sich solche Platten von ihrem sie tragenden Untergrund plötzlich ablösen. Damit wird ihre Anbringung an Decken, aber auch an Wänden durch Verkleben problematisch, vielmehr sind zusätz­liche Befestigungsmittel, wie Klammern oder Haken erforder­ lich, was vielfach unmöglich oder wenigstens manchmal nicht erwünscht ist.Under unfavorable conditions, when the electrical resistance coating is formed from an electrically conductive ceramic resistance glaze, it can happen that such plates suddenly detach from their supporting surface. This makes their attachment to ceilings, but also to walls by gluing problematic, rather additional fasteners such as clips or hooks are required Lich, which is often impossible or at least sometimes not desirable.

Nach der EU-A- 0 158 091 erfolgt eine Kontaktierung der elek­trischen Widerstandsbeschichtung insbesondere durch sym­metrisch auf der elektrischen Widerstandsschicht angeord­nete Kontaktierungselemente. Es hat sich aber gezeigt, daß solche auf der Heizschicht angebrachte Elemente zum Ablösen neigen, aber auch den über eine Fläche gleichmäßigen elek­trischen Stromdurchgang nur unzureichend gewährleisten.According to EU-A-0 158 091, contact is made with the electrical resistance coating, in particular through contact elements arranged symmetrically on the electrical resistance layer. However, it has been shown that such elements attached to the heating layer tend to detach, but also only insufficiently ensure the uniform electrical current passage over a surface.

Das Problem einer unzureichenden Haftung tritt überraschender­weise auch zwischen leitender Widerstandsschicht und einer Isolierschicht auf, über die der Bekleidungskörper am Be­festigungsuntergrund befestigt ist.The problem of insufficient adhesion also surprisingly arises between a conductive resistance layer and an insulating layer, by means of which the clothing body is attached to the fastening base.

Es gibt offenbar bis jetzt noch kein isolierendes Material, insbesondere organisches Isoliermaterial, das mit der leiten­den Widerstandsschicht eine dauerhafte und sichere Verbindung eingeht.So far, there is apparently no insulating material, in particular organic insulating material, that forms a permanent and secure connection with the conductive resistance layer.

Die Erfindung hat sich die Aufgabe gestellt, die elektrisch leitende Widerstandsbeschichtung des Bekleidungskörpers so auszugestalten, daß dieses Ablösen entweder unmittelbar vom Befestigungsgrund oder von einer darübergelegten Isolier­schicht nicht mehr auftritt und ferner eine Verbesserung der Heizeigenschaften des Raumheizelementes bewirkt wird.The invention has set itself the task of designing the electrically conductive resistance coating of the clothing body so that this detachment either no longer occurs directly from the fastening base or from an insulating layer placed over it, and furthermore an improvement in the heating properties of the space heating element is brought about.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die in Form einer elektrisch leitenden Widerstandsglasur vorliegende Widerstandsschicht durch eine Schicht aus nicht leitender oder nur schlecht leitender keramischer Glasur mit einer Trägersubstanz gleicher keramischer Zusammensetzung wie die der Widerstandsglasur aber mit eingebauten Kaolinteilchen abgedeckt ist und das Gebilde aus keramischen Formkörper, elektrisch leitender keramischer Glasur und keramischer Ab­ deckschicht bis unterhalb des Quarzumwandlungspunktes (<750°C) erhitzt und so Widerstandsschicht und Abdeck­schicht auf dem keramischen Bekleidungskörper eingebrannt sind.This object is achieved in that the resistance layer in the form of an electrically conductive resistance glaze is covered by a layer of non-conductive or poorly conductive ceramic glaze with a carrier substance of the same ceramic composition as that of the resistance glaze but with built-in kaolin particles and the structure made of ceramic Molded body, electrically conductive ceramic glaze and ceramic Ab The cover layer is heated to below the quartz transformation point (<750 ° C) and the resistance layer and cover layer are burned onto the ceramic clothing body.

Überraschenderweise haftet auf einem solchermaßen beschichte­ten Bekleidungskörper auch jede organische Isolierbeschich­tung ohne Probleme.Surprisingly, any organic insulating coating adheres to such a coated body of clothing without any problems.

Überraschenderweise hat sich ferner herausgestellt, daß sich bei Anwendung der vorgeschlagenen Lösung eine erhebliche Re­duzierung des elektrischen Widerstandes der abgedeckten Wider­standsbeschichtung, also der Heizschicht ergibt. Dies erklärt sich daraus, daß bei einem sinnvoll gewählten Überschuß an Kaolinteilchen im Verhältnis zu den Glasanteilen der Träger­substanz diese beim Brennen des gesamten Gebildes Glasanteile aus der Widerstandsglasur (Heizschicht) lösen und in die Ab­deckschicht einbinden. Dadurch wird die isolierende Glassub­stanz in der Widerstandsglasur verringert, welche die elektri­sche Leitung der Widerstandsglasur negativ beeinflußt, wodurch sich der elektrische Widerstand der Widerstandsglasur, d. h. der Heizschicht, verringert. Es ergibt sich mithin eine Ver­besserung der Heizeigenschaften des Raumheizelementes infolge der Einbettung von Kaolinteilchen in die Abdeckschicht.Surprisingly, it has also been found that using the proposed solution results in a considerable reduction in the electrical resistance of the covered resistance coating, that is to say the heating layer. This can be explained by the fact that if the excess of kaolin particles is chosen in relation to the glass portions of the carrier substance, they release glass portions from the resistance glaze (heating layer) when the entire structure is fired and bind them into the cover layer. This reduces the insulating glass substance in the resistance glaze, which has a negative effect on the electrical conduction of the resistance glaze, as a result of which the electrical resistance of the resistance glaze, i. H. the heating layer. There is thus an improvement in the heating properties of the space heating element as a result of the embedding of kaolin particles in the cover layer.

So wurde z. B. bei 30 % Gewichtsanteil Kaolin eine Widerstands­erniedrigung von 50 % gegenüber dem des gleichen Gebildes ohne Zufügung einer Abdeckschicht festgestellt.So z. B. at 30% by weight kaolin, a resistance reduction of 50% compared to that of the same structure without adding a cover layer.

Diese Erscheinung hat man sich erfindungsgemäß in der Weise zunutze gemacht, daß man die Menge an Kaolinteilchen der Deckschicht so wählt, daß damit eine bestimmte Leitfähigkeits­änderung erzielt wird, die es wiederum erlaubt, die Menge an elektrisch leitenden Partikeln in der Heizschicht spürbar zu reduzieren, ohne den ursprünglich angestrebten elektrischen Widerstand der Heizschicht, also ohne Abdeckung, zu verändern.This phenomenon has been exploited according to the invention in such a way that the amount of kaolin particles in the cover layer is selected in such a way that a certain change in conductivity is achieved, which in turn allows the amount of electrically conductive particles in the heating layer to be reduced appreciably without to change the originally desired electrical resistance of the heating layer, that is to say without a cover.

Hinsichtlich den auf der Heizschicht angebrachten elektrischen Kontaktierungselementen wird ein über die Fläche gleichmäßiger elektrischer Stromdurchgang dadurch erreicht, daß die Kontak­tierung der elektrischen Heizschicht so vorgenommen wird, daß die Kontaktelemente bzw. die Kontaktschicht direkt auf den keramischen Formkörper aufgebracht wird, wobei diese Schicht rampenförmig zur Außenkante des keramischen Formkörpers hin anwächst und sich die Rampenhöhe nach der Stärke der Heiz­schicht und die Rampenbreite sich mit mehr als dem Fünfzig­fachen dieser Stärke bemißt. Bei einem Ausführungsbei­spiel betrug die Heizschichtdicke 120 u und die Breite der Kontaktschicht 15 mm. Ferner wird durch diese Maßnahme die Neigung zum Ablösen der Kontaktelemente bzw. Kontaktschicht verringert.With regard to the electrical contacting elements attached to the heating layer, an electrical current passage which is uniform over the surface is achieved in that the contacting of the electrical heating layer is carried out in such a way that the contact elements or the contact layer is applied directly to the ceramic shaped body, this layer being in a ramp shape to the outer edge of the ceramic molded body grows and the ramp height is measured according to the thickness of the heating layer and the ramp width is more than fifty times this thickness. In one embodiment, the heating layer thickness was 120 u and the width of the contact layer was 15 mm. Furthermore, this measure reduces the tendency for the contact elements or contact layer to detach.

Ein weiterer Vorteil dieser vorgeschlagenen Lösung beruht darin, daß die Anbringung der Kontaktschicht unmittelbar auf die Rückseite des keramischen Formkörpers als erster Ver­fahrensschritt erfolgt, dem als zweiter Schritt die Auf­bringung der elektrischen Heizschicht folgt. Als dritter Schritt wird die Abdeckschicht appliziert und das gesamte Gebilde in einem vierten Schritt dann einem Brenn- oder Erhitzungsprozeß unterworfen.Another advantage of this proposed solution is that the contact layer is applied directly to the back of the ceramic molded body as the first process step, followed by the application of the electrical heating layer as the second step. As a third step, the cover layer is applied and the entire structure is then subjected to a firing or heating process in a fourth step.

Nachfolgend werden Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung schematisch anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben. Darin zeigen.

  • Fig. 1 einen schematischen Teilschnitt durch ein Raumheizelement,
  • Fig. 2 einen Teilschnitt durch ein Raumheizelement nach der EU-A- 0 158 091,
  • Fig. 3 einen Teilschnitt durch eine weitere Ausführungs­ form der Erfindung sowie
  • Fig. 4 eine Draufsicht auf ein Raumheizlement nach Fig. 3.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention are described schematically below with reference to the drawing. Show in it.
  • 1 is a schematic partial section through a space heating element,
  • 2 shows a partial section through a space heating element according to EU-A-0 158 091,
  • Fig. 3 shows a partial section through a further embodiment form of the invention as well
  • FIG. 4 shows a top view of a room heating element according to FIG. 3.

Das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Raumheizelement umfaßt einen kera­mischen Formkörper 1, der auf seiner der Sichtseite abgewende­ten Seite mit einer elektrischen Widerstandsbeschichtung 2, welche die Heizschicht bildet, sowie ferner mit einer Abdeck­schicht 3 versehen ist. Die elektrische Widerstandsbeschich­tung 2 setzt sich aus einer Trägersubstanz 5 und in dieser Trägersubstanz eingebetteten leitfähigen Partikeln 4 zu­sammen. Die Abdeckschicht 3 setzt sich aus derselben Träger­substanz 5 und darin eingebetteten Kaolinteilchen 6 zusammen.1 comprises a ceramic molded body 1, which is provided on its side facing away from the visible side with an electrical resistance coating 2, which forms the heating layer, and also with a cover layer 3. The electrical resistance coating 2 is composed of a carrier substance 5 and conductive particles 4 embedded in this carrier substance. The cover layer 3 is composed of the same carrier substance 5 and kaolin particles 6 embedded therein.

Fig. 2 zeigt ein Raumheizelement, wie es in der EU-A- 0 158 091 beschrieben ist, welches aus einem keramischen Formkörper 1, einer elektrischen Widerstandsbeschichtung 2 und einem Kontakt­element 7 aufgebaut ist.FIG. 2 shows a space heating element as described in EU-A-0 158 091, which is made up of a ceramic molded body 1, an electrical resistance coating 2 and a contact element 7.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Raum­heizelementes aus einer elektrischen Widerstandsbeschichtung 2, einer Abdeckschicht 3 und einem Kontaktelement 8. Dieses Kon­taktelement 8 wächst rampenförmig bei 9 zur Außenkante des keramischen Formkörpers an. Das Kontaktelement, welches durch eine Kontaktschicht gebildet sein kann, ist im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel mit im wesentlichen dreieckförmigem Quer­schnitt ausgebildet. Die maximale Rampenhöhe 10 entspricht der Schichtdicke 11 der elektrischen Widerstandsbeschichtung 2. Die Breite 12 des Kontaktelementes beträgt mehr als das Fünfzigfache der Dicke bzw. der Stärke 11 der elektrischen Widerstandsbeschichtung 2. Aus Fig. 4 ergibt sich, daß das Kontaktelement,an den beiden gegenüberliegenden Längsseiten des Raumheizelementes ausgebildet ist. Das Raumheizelement ist in zweckmäßiger Weise als großflächige Wand-­Boden- oder Deckenbekleidungsplatte ausgebildet, welches insbesondere als quadratische Platte Seitenabmessungen von 60 × 60 cm aufweist.3 shows an embodiment of the space heating element according to the invention comprising an electrical resistance coating 2, a cover layer 3 and a contact element 8. This contact element 8 grows in a ramp shape at 9 towards the outer edge of the ceramic molded body. The contact element, which can be formed by a contact layer, is formed in the exemplary embodiment shown with a substantially triangular cross section. The maximum ramp height 10 corresponds to the layer thickness 11 of the electrical resistance coating 2. The width 12 of the contact element is more than fifty times the thickness or thickness 11 of the electrical resistance coating 2. From FIG. 4 it follows that the contact element, on the two opposite Long sides of the space heating element is formed. The space heating element is expediently designed as a large wall, floor or ceiling cladding panel, which has side dimensions of 60 × 60 cm, in particular as a square panel.

Claims (7)

1. Raumheizelement, insbesondere Platte, bestehend aus einem keramischen Formkörper, der auf der seiner Sichtseite abge­wendeten Seite mit einem flächenhaften Heizleiter in Form einer elektrischen Widerstandsbeschichtung aus einer elek­trisch leitenden keramischen Glasur versehen ist, wobei die elektrische Widerstandsbeschichtung als Widerstands­schicht aus einem Material ausgebildet ist, bei dem nicht­metallische, große spezifische Oberfläche aufweisende, elektrisch leitende, bei Temperaturerhöhung ihre elektri­sche Leitfähigkeit nicht wesentlich ändernde Partikel in einer elektrisch nicht oder nur schlecht leitenden Träger­substanz eingebettet sind und dieses Material so aufgetra­gen ist, daß die Widerstandsbeschichtung eine gleichmäßige elektrische und thermische Leitfähigkeit aufweist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der mit der elektrischen Widerstandsbeschichtung aus einer elektrisch leitenden keramischen Glasur versehene keramische Formkörper durch eine Schicht aus nicht leitender oder nur schlecht leitender Glasur mit einer Trägersubstanz gleicher keramischer Zusammensetzung wie die der Widerstandsglasur aber mit eingebauten Kaolinteilchen abgedeckt und das Gebilde aus keramischem Formkörper, elektrisch leitender keramischer Glasur und keramischer Abdeckschicht bis unterhalb des Quarzumwandlungspunktes erhitzt worden ist.1. space heating element, in particular plate, consisting of a ceramic molded body which is provided on the side facing away from its visible side with a flat heating conductor in the form of an electrical resistance coating made of an electrically conductive ceramic glaze, the electrical resistance coating being designed as a resistance layer made of a material, in which the non-metallic, large specific surface area has electrically conductive particles which do not significantly change their electrical conductivity when the temperature rises, are embedded in an electrically non-conductive or poorly conductive carrier substance and this material is applied in such a way that the resistance coating has a uniform electrical and thermal conductivity,
characterized by
that the ceramic molded body provided with the electrical resistance coating from an electrically conductive ceramic glaze is not covered by a layer of conductive or poorly conductive glaze with a carrier substance of the same ceramic composition as that of the resistance glaze but covered with built-in kaolin particles and the structure of the ceramic molded body, electrically conductive ceramic glaze and ceramic cover layer has been heated to below the quartz transformation point. 2. Raumheizelement nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Menge an eingebauten Kaolinteilchen so gewählt wird, daß eine spürbare Erniedrigung des elektrischen Widerstandes der Widerstandsglasur eintritt.2. space heating element according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the amount of kaolin particles incorporated is selected so that a noticeable reduction in the electrical resistance of the resistance glaze occurs. 3. Raumheizelement nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Menge an eingebauten Kaolinteilchen so gewählt wird, daß wegen der damit verbundenen Erniedrigung des ursprünglichen elektrischen Widerstandes der Heizschicht die Menge an nichtmetallischen, elektrisch leitenden Partikeln der Widerstandsbeschichtung spürbar reduziert werden kann, um den ursprünglich gewünschten elektrischen Widerstand zu erhalten.3. space heating element according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the amount of built-in kaolin particles is selected so that the amount of non-metallic, electrically conductive particles of the resistance coating can be reduced noticeably because of the associated lowering of the original electrical resistance of the heating layer in order to obtain the originally desired electrical resistance. 4. Raumheizelement, mit mindestens einem elektrischen Kontaktelement, für die Heizschicht,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Kontaktelement unmittelbar auf dem keramischen Körper aufgebracht ist, und daß die Stärke des Kontakt­elementes rampenförmig zur Außenkante des keramischen Formkörpers hin anwachsend ausgebildet ist.4. space heating element, with at least one electrical contact element, for the heating layer,
characterized by
that the contact element is applied directly to the ceramic body, and that the thickness of the contact element is ramp-shaped towards the outer edge of the ceramic molded body. 5. Raumheizelement nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß sich die maximale Rampenhöhe nach der Stärke der Heizschicht bemißt und die Rampenbreite mehr als das Fünfzigfache dieser Stärke beträgt.5. space heating element according to claim 4,
characterized by
that the maximum ramp height is based on the thickness of the heating layer and the ramp width more than that Fifty times this strength. 6. Raumheizelement nach Anspruch 4 oder 5,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Kontaktelement im wesentlichen dreieckförmigen Querschnitt aufweist.6. space heating element according to claim 4 or 5,
characterized by
that the contact element has a substantially triangular cross section. 7. Raumheizelement nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das Kontaktelement durch eine Kontaktschicht gebildet ist.7. Space heating element according to one of claims 4 to 6,
characterized by
that the contact element is formed by a contact layer.
EP88102207A 1987-02-17 1988-02-15 Space heating element consisting of a ceramic body provided with an electrically resistant layer, especially in the form of a ceramic plate Expired - Lifetime EP0280150B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88102207T ATE68655T1 (en) 1987-02-17 1988-02-15 SPACE HEATING ELEMENT, CONSISTING OF A CERAMIC MOLDING WITH AN ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE COATING, PARTICULARLY IN THE FORM OF A CERAMIC PLATE.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3705028 1987-02-17
DE3705028 1987-02-17
DE19873710626 DE3710626A1 (en) 1987-02-17 1987-03-31 ROOM HEATING ELEMENT CONSISTING OF A CERAMIC MOLDED BODY WITH AN ELECTRIC RESISTANT COATING, IN PARTICULAR IN THE FORM OF A CERAMIC PLATE
DE3710626 1987-03-31

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0280150A1 true EP0280150A1 (en) 1988-08-31
EP0280150B1 EP0280150B1 (en) 1991-10-16

Family

ID=25852612

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88102207A Expired - Lifetime EP0280150B1 (en) 1987-02-17 1988-02-15 Space heating element consisting of a ceramic body provided with an electrically resistant layer, especially in the form of a ceramic plate

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4868899A (en)
EP (1) EP0280150B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63314790A (en)
AT (1) ATE68655T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1298602C (en)
DE (2) DE3710626A1 (en)
DK (1) DK80388A (en)
FI (1) FI880603A (en)
NO (1) NO880679L (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2327839A (en) * 1997-07-28 1999-02-03 Glaverbel Terminating electrical circuits on glazing panels

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3827825A1 (en) * 1988-08-16 1990-02-22 Buchtal Gmbh FLAT CERAMIC COMPOSITE ELEMENT
JPH0464418A (en) * 1990-07-03 1992-02-28 Kobe Steel Ltd Mold
DE9404687U1 (en) * 1994-03-19 1995-07-27 Norbert Trickes Mineralgusstechnik, 79588 Efringen-Kirchen Shaped body made of mineral casting
US6762396B2 (en) 1997-05-06 2004-07-13 Thermoceramix, Llc Deposited resistive coatings
WO1999035887A1 (en) * 1998-01-07 1999-07-15 Advanced Metal Technologies Ltd. Heated floor system and method
CA2429983A1 (en) 2000-11-29 2002-08-01 Thermoceramix, Inc. Resistive heaters and uses thereof
US6991003B2 (en) * 2003-07-28 2006-01-31 M.Braun, Inc. System and method for automatically purifying solvents
US8306408B2 (en) * 2008-05-30 2012-11-06 Thermoceramix Inc. Radiant heating using heater coatings
US20110188838A1 (en) * 2008-05-30 2011-08-04 Thermoceramix, Inc. Radiant heating using heater coatings
US20130071716A1 (en) * 2011-09-16 2013-03-21 General Electric Company Thermal management device
WO2015199785A2 (en) * 2014-04-10 2015-12-30 Metis Design Corporation Multifunctional assemblies

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1198688A (en) * 1957-02-05 1959-12-09 Kanthal Ab advanced electrical resistance element
US2939807A (en) * 1956-06-29 1960-06-07 Thermway Ind Inc Method of making a heating panel
US3067310A (en) * 1959-12-02 1962-12-04 Frank C Walz Microfilm electric heaters
US3694627A (en) * 1970-12-23 1972-09-26 Whirlpool Co Heating element & method of making
FR2177078A1 (en) * 1972-03-23 1973-11-02 Thermonic Sa
FR2211832A1 (en) * 1972-12-20 1974-07-19 Horiki Seinosuke
DE2329424A1 (en) * 1973-06-08 1975-01-02 Siemens Ag Flat printed circuit heating element - comprises refractory plate sandwich

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2936398A1 (en) * 1979-09-08 1981-03-26 Ver Glaswerke Gmbh ELECTRICALLY HEATED GLASS
DE3153661C2 (en) * 1980-03-03 1993-01-28 Canon K.K., Tokio/Tokyo, Jp
US4469936A (en) * 1983-04-22 1984-09-04 Johnson Matthey, Inc. Heating element suitable for electric space heaters
DE3433669A1 (en) * 1984-02-29 1985-08-29 Buchtal Gmbh, 8472 Schwarzenfeld AREA OF CERAMIC MOLDED BODY
DE3545118A1 (en) * 1985-12-19 1987-06-25 Buchtal Gmbh Flat ceramic body I
DE3545117A1 (en) * 1985-12-19 1987-06-25 Buchtal Gmbh Flat ceramic body II

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2939807A (en) * 1956-06-29 1960-06-07 Thermway Ind Inc Method of making a heating panel
FR1198688A (en) * 1957-02-05 1959-12-09 Kanthal Ab advanced electrical resistance element
US3067310A (en) * 1959-12-02 1962-12-04 Frank C Walz Microfilm electric heaters
US3694627A (en) * 1970-12-23 1972-09-26 Whirlpool Co Heating element & method of making
FR2177078A1 (en) * 1972-03-23 1973-11-02 Thermonic Sa
FR2211832A1 (en) * 1972-12-20 1974-07-19 Horiki Seinosuke
DE2329424A1 (en) * 1973-06-08 1975-01-02 Siemens Ag Flat printed circuit heating element - comprises refractory plate sandwich

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2327839A (en) * 1997-07-28 1999-02-03 Glaverbel Terminating electrical circuits on glazing panels
GB2327839B (en) * 1997-07-28 2001-04-25 Glaverbel Attachment of electrical connectors

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE68655T1 (en) 1991-11-15
JPS63314790A (en) 1988-12-22
DE3865454D1 (en) 1991-11-21
EP0280150B1 (en) 1991-10-16
DK80388A (en) 1988-08-18
DK80388D0 (en) 1988-02-16
NO880679D0 (en) 1988-02-16
US4868899A (en) 1989-09-19
FI880603A (en) 1988-08-18
FI880603A0 (en) 1988-02-10
CA1298602C (en) 1992-04-07
NO880679L (en) 1988-08-18
DE3710626A1 (en) 1988-08-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0280150B1 (en) Space heating element consisting of a ceramic body provided with an electrically resistant layer, especially in the form of a ceramic plate
DE69013996T2 (en) Electric heater with positive temperature coefficient.
DE2005565A1 (en)
EP0023644A1 (en) Electrical heating device with a heating element havin a low resistance at low temperatures
DE3042420A1 (en) Electric heater with flat heating elements - has sheet metal contact strips, with resilient fastening tags, as heater terminals
EP0486891A1 (en) Heatable coating of ceramic tiles
DE9421965U1 (en) Electric radiant heater
DE2929547C2 (en) Microwave attenuator
EP0357945A1 (en) Plane ceramic composite
DE9421964U1 (en) Electric heating element
EP0297370A2 (en) Mould element for false floor
DE4109569A1 (en) Electric heating plate for cooking hob - has metal plate with printed conductor pattern beneath thermally conductive cover layer
EP0296521B1 (en) Wall or floor covering composed of separate ceramic panels
DE2505564A1 (en) Resistance heating layer used for underfloor heating - comprises graphite resistance layer applied to plastics support sheet
EP0157179B1 (en) Flat ceramic support with an electric resistance layer and method for adjusting the resistance value of the resistance layer
DE19600069A1 (en) Self-regulating resistive heating element
DE3041597A1 (en) Heater for hair setter - has PTC heating elements extending along two metal strips acting as contacts
EP0111733B1 (en) Liquid sensitive element
DE2407619C3 (en) Sandwich-like infrared emitter
DE2745666A1 (en) GLARE-FREE REAR-VIEW MIRROR FOR VEHICLES, IN PARTICULAR MOTOR VEHICLES, AND THE PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURING
DE9421796U1 (en) Electric radiant heater
EP0158091B1 (en) Room heating element consisting of a ceramic support provided with an electric resistance layer, and method for its manufacture
EP1344988B1 (en) Carbonaceous molded body for room heating
DE2409703A1 (en) COMPOSITE ELEMENT FOR AREA AND IN PARTICULAR CEILING ELECTRIC HEATING
EP0211284A2 (en) Plate-like ceramic element with an electrically conducting varnish on its visible side

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19880810

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19910115

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 68655

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19911115

Kind code of ref document: T

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: JACOBACCI & PERANI S.P.A.

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3865454

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19911121

ET Fr: translation filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Effective date: 19920215

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19920215

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19920216

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19920228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19920229

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19920229

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19920229

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: BUCHTAL G.M.B.H.

Effective date: 19920228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Effective date: 19920901

26N No opposition filed
GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee
NLV4 Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Effective date: 19921030

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Effective date: 19921103

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed

Ref document number: 88102207.3

Effective date: 19920904

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.

Effective date: 20050215