EP0279073A2 - Disposition de circuit pour le fonctionnement haute fréquence de lampes fluorescentes à filaments de préchauffage - Google Patents

Disposition de circuit pour le fonctionnement haute fréquence de lampes fluorescentes à filaments de préchauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0279073A2
EP0279073A2 EP87119168A EP87119168A EP0279073A2 EP 0279073 A2 EP0279073 A2 EP 0279073A2 EP 87119168 A EP87119168 A EP 87119168A EP 87119168 A EP87119168 A EP 87119168A EP 0279073 A2 EP0279073 A2 EP 0279073A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lamp
current
frequency
arrangement according
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87119168A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0279073A3 (fr
Inventor
Jürg NIGG
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0279073A2 publication Critical patent/EP0279073A2/fr
Publication of EP0279073A3 publication Critical patent/EP0279073A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R33/00—Coupling devices specially adapted for supporting apparatus and having one part acting as a holder providing support and electrical connection via a counterpart which is structurally associated with the apparatus, e.g. lamp holders; Separate parts thereof
    • H01R33/05—Two-pole devices
    • H01R33/06—Two-pole devices with two current-carrying pins, blades or analogous contacts, having their axes parallel to each other
    • H01R33/08—Two-pole devices with two current-carrying pins, blades or analogous contacts, having their axes parallel to each other for supporting tubular fluorescent lamp
    • H01R33/0809—Two-pole devices with two current-carrying pins, blades or analogous contacts, having their axes parallel to each other for supporting tubular fluorescent lamp having contacts on one side only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21V19/00—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders
    • F21V19/0075—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders of tubular light sources, e.g. ring-shaped fluorescent light sources
    • F21V19/0095—Fastening of light sources or lamp holders of tubular light sources, e.g. ring-shaped fluorescent light sources of U-shaped tubular light sources, e.g. compact fluorescent tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R33/00—Coupling devices specially adapted for supporting apparatus and having one part acting as a holder providing support and electrical connection via a counterpart which is structurally associated with the apparatus, e.g. lamp holders; Separate parts thereof
    • H01R33/94—Holders formed as intermediate parts for linking a counter-part to a coupling part
    • H01R33/942—Holders formed as intermediate parts for linking a counter-part to a coupling part for tubular fluorescent lamps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • H05B41/295—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps with preheating electrodes, e.g. for fluorescent lamps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for the high-frequency operation of fluorescent lamps with electrodes to be preheated.
  • Another advantage of higher operating frequencies is that the lower limit of the ambient temperature at which the lamp can still be operated reliably is lower than at a lower operating frequency, for example at 50 Hz. This is for the use of fluorescent lamps in cold rooms and outdoors essential. This advantage is also offset by the greater tendency to cold start at higher frequencies, even when used of special lamps for low temperatures.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the invention as characterized in claim 1, solves the problem of creating a circuit arrangement for the high-frequency operation of fluorescent lamps with preheated electrodes, with which the tendency to cold starts can be avoided without impairing the luminous efficacy and operability at low ambient temperatures.
  • claims 2 to 9 embodiments of the invention are given.
  • the circuit of a high-frequency ballast for a fluorescent lamp 1 with electrodes 2 and 3 to be preheated is shown, which is designed for connection to an AC network (220 V).
  • the basic structure of this ballast consists of a rectifier 5 with alternating current connections 6 and 7 for the network and a smoothing capacitor 8 for the rectified alternating voltage which feeds a high-frequency inverter 10.
  • the inverter 10 supplies at two connections 11 and 12 the high-frequency combustion current for the lamp 1, which is in series with the self-induction required for its operation coil 13 is; it contains a current path 15, 16, 17 with connections 18 and 19, which is connected in series with the electrode coils (electrodes 2) instead of the starter, for example glow starter, which is usual when operating at mains frequency.
  • the coil 13 has a magnetic core (ferrite) with an air gap.
  • the basic principle of the inverter 10 is a "half-bridge current feedback inverter" with a transistor 22 for the half-waves in one direction and a transistor 23 for the half-waves in the other direction of the high-frequency current. It works according to this principle with current feedback.
  • a current transformer 27 with a magnetic core (ferrite) is used for this. The core and the number of turns of the primary winding 24 are dimensioned such that the core is magnetically saturated during part of each high-frequency half-wave.
  • the current transformer 27 has two secondary windings 25 and 26, each of which is connected to a resistor 28 or 29 in the control circuit (base-emitter circuit) of one of the transistors 22 and 23. The windings 25 and 26 are connected so that the control currents are in phase opposition.
  • Inverters of this principle require a surge to start up. Such is generated when the inverter 10 is switched on by the circuit elements 32, 33 and 34.
  • the function of these and the other circuit elements can be seen from the following description of the mode of operation of the inverter 10. For example, data of the circuit elements are given in parentheses.
  • the capacitor 33 (100 nF) is charged via the resistor 32 (470 kohm) and, when the breakdown voltage of the zener diode 34 (30-36 V) is exceeded, partially discharged by a current surge which flows via the base emitter Route of Transistor 23 flows and ends when the reference voltage of the Zener diode 34 is undershot.
  • This current surge produces one of the operational states of the inverter 10, in which one of the transistors 22 and 23 is conductive and the other is non-conductive.
  • the inverter 10 can swing.
  • the mode of operation of the inverter 10 is first described, regardless of whether its load current is the discharge current or the preheating current of the lamp, and only then does the process of preheating the electrodes 2 and 3 and burning the lamp 1 be discussed.
  • the current charging the capacitor 37 flowing through 13, 24, 23 and 35, generates, as it rises, a control current in the secondary winding 26 which keeps the transistor 23 conductive after the end of the current surge triggered to oscillate.
  • this control current decreases.
  • the transistor 23 blocks and interrupts the charging current and thus the primary current of the current converter 27.
  • capacitor 38 causes the current flowing through primary winding 24 in either direction to be maintained for a short time by different charging voltages of capacitors 37 and 38 (3.3 nF) , so that the other transistor 22 or 23 only becomes conductive after this time has elapsed. This prevents both transistors 22 and 23 from conducting simultaneously as a result of different response times, as a result of which the DC supply voltage of the inverter 10, which is connected to the capacitor 8, is short-circuited and the transistors are destroyed.
  • the difference in the charging voltages across the capacitors 37 and 38 is due to this that the capacitor 37 has a much larger capacitance than the capacitor 38, and that the lamp 1, the coil 13 and the primary winding 24 are in its charge or discharge circuit, while the capacitor 38 has a much smaller capacitance through the small resistor 35 and the collector-emitter path of transistor 23, the resistance of which is low in the conductive state, is charged and discharged via the collector-emitter path of transistor 22, the resistance of which is small in the conductive state, and the likewise low resistance 40 is discharged.
  • the time constant of the capacitor 38 and resistor 39 (220 kiloohms) is much larger than the inverter half-period.
  • the diodes 42 and 43 promote the ignition process, in which - as described below - the ignition voltage is generated at the coil 13, one end of which is connected directly to the lamp electrode 3.
  • the ignition current flows from the other end of the coil through the primary winding 24 and, depending on its direction, through the diode 42 and the capacitor 37 or through the diode 43, the capacitor 8 and the capacitor 37 to the other electrode 2.
  • the diodes 42 and 43 protect the transistors Reverse voltages that also occur when the primary current is interrupted in current transformer 27.
  • the diode 45 prevents the inverter 10 from being triggered again in the vibrating state via the circuit elements 32, 33, 34.
  • the frequency generated by the inverter 10 (without the lamp 1, 2, 3 and without the current path 15, 16 17) is essentially determined by the saturation behavior of the current transformer 27.
  • the inverter 10 also swings without the lamp 1 and the coil 13 when on a resistor (e.g. 1170 Ohm) is connected to it, with a frequency that is higher (50 kHz) than the frequency when the lamp 1 is operated.
  • this frequency is lower when the lamp electrodes 2 and 3 are preheated ( approx. 25 kHz) than when the lamp 1 is on (approx. 35 kHz), so that the cold start tendency of the lamp 1 during the preheating of the electrodes 2 and 3 is eliminated by the lower frequency, and when the lamp burns, the greater light output of the higher frequency comes into its own.
  • the series connection of the capacitor 15 (3300 pF), the resistor 16 (220 ohm) and the SIDAC 17 in the heating circuit of the electrodes 2 and 3 (130 V) is provided, whose impedance (without the SIDAC 17) is essentially determined by the capacitance of the capacitor 15, which is significantly smaller than that of the capacitor 37.
  • the breakdown voltage of the SIDAC 17 is higher than the operating voltage of the lamp 1 at higher frequency (35 kHz).
  • the capacitance of the capacitor 15 and the inductance of the coil 13 are dimensioned such that an appropriate preheating current flows through the electrodes 2 and 3 at the lower frequency (25 kHz), i.e.
  • the series circuit 15, 16 , 17 is de-energized because the operating voltage of the lamp 1 is less than the breakdown voltage of the SIDAC 17.
  • a high-frequency current flows through 37, 15, 16, 17 and 13, the frequency of which, under the action of the capacitor 15 and the coil 13, is lower (25 kHz) than the frequency (50 kHz) with which the inverter 10 would vibrate without these circuit elements.
  • the high-frequency current consists of successive half-waves, each of which increases very steeply when the breakdown voltage of the SIDAC 17 is reached. These very sudden current increases induce 13 voltage pulses on the coil, the voltage of which leads to the ignition of the lamp 1 as soon as the electrodes 2 and 3 are preheated.
  • the lamp 1 is then ignited, the voltage across the series circuit 15, 16, 17 drops to the operating voltage of the lamp 1, and thus the voltage across the SIDAC 17 falls below its breakdown voltage.
  • the series circuit 15, 16, 17 is de-energized. Now there is no longer the capacitance of the capacitor 15 but the much smaller capacitance (50 to 100 pF), which the SIDAC 17 represents in the blocking state, in series with the self-induction of the coil 13, because in the series connection of the capacitances of the capacitor 15 and the SIDAC 17 is not considered as the much larger one. Parallel to the capacity of the SIDAC 17 and lamp 1 is the capacity of the lines connected to them. The total capacitance is considerably smaller than that of the capacitor 15. Therefore, the inverter 10 now vibrates at the higher frequency (35 kHz), and the higher luminous efficiency is achieved at the higher frequency.
  • each lamp can also be fed in parallel, with each lamp being assigned a coil 13 and a heating current path 15, 16, 17.
  • an interference protection filter for the harmonics of the inverter frequency for example a so-called “boost converter”, can be connected in front of the inverter 10 or the rectifier 5.
  • the inverter 10 can be installed together with the rectifier 5, 8 (and, if desired, a noise protection filter) in an intermediate piece which has a base corresponding to the incandescent lamp base, with the connections 6 and 7 to be received by an incandescent lamp holder, and one the fluorescent lamp 1 has an interchangeable socket with contacts for the connections 11, 12, 18 and 19.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
EP87119168A 1985-02-07 1985-04-04 Disposition de circuit pour le fonctionnement haute fréquence de lampes fluorescentes à filaments de préchauffage Withdrawn EP0279073A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH55585A CH667958A5 (de) 1985-02-07 1985-02-07 Vorschaltgeraet fuer eine leuchtstofflampe mit vorzuheizenden elektroden.
CH555/85 1985-02-07

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85901340A Division EP0179778B1 (fr) 1984-04-09 1985-04-04 Adaptateur pour raccordement liberable d'appareils d'eclairage electriques
EP85901340.1 Division 1985-04-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0279073A2 true EP0279073A2 (fr) 1988-08-24
EP0279073A3 EP0279073A3 (fr) 1990-06-27

Family

ID=4189703

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87119168A Withdrawn EP0279073A3 (fr) 1985-02-07 1985-04-04 Disposition de circuit pour le fonctionnement haute fréquence de lampes fluorescentes à filaments de préchauffage

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0279073A3 (fr)
CH (1) CH667958A5 (fr)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0024522A2 (fr) * 1979-08-06 1981-03-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Convertisseur pour alimenter au moins deux lampes à décharge
GB2068179A (en) * 1979-12-27 1981-08-05 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Discharge lamp lighting device
EP0056642A1 (fr) * 1981-01-20 1982-07-28 Gerhard Prof. Dipl.-Phys. Wollank Méthode et circuit pour chauffer, allumer ainsi que pour commander ou régler le courant électrique de lampes de décharge à gaz à basse pression
EP0075176A2 (fr) * 1981-09-18 1983-03-30 Oy Helvar Ballast électronique pour lampes à décharge

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0024522A2 (fr) * 1979-08-06 1981-03-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Convertisseur pour alimenter au moins deux lampes à décharge
GB2068179A (en) * 1979-12-27 1981-08-05 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Discharge lamp lighting device
EP0056642A1 (fr) * 1981-01-20 1982-07-28 Gerhard Prof. Dipl.-Phys. Wollank Méthode et circuit pour chauffer, allumer ainsi que pour commander ou régler le courant électrique de lampes de décharge à gaz à basse pression
EP0075176A2 (fr) * 1981-09-18 1983-03-30 Oy Helvar Ballast électronique pour lampes à décharge

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0279073A3 (fr) 1990-06-27
CH667958A5 (de) 1988-11-15

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