EP0276644A1 - Flat electrical heating element - Google Patents
Flat electrical heating element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0276644A1 EP0276644A1 EP8787870177A EP87870177A EP0276644A1 EP 0276644 A1 EP0276644 A1 EP 0276644A1 EP 8787870177 A EP8787870177 A EP 8787870177A EP 87870177 A EP87870177 A EP 87870177A EP 0276644 A1 EP0276644 A1 EP 0276644A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sheets
- support
- element according
- heating element
- insulating
- Prior art date
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000863 Ferronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxosilane oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[K+].[K+].O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052627 muscovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052628 phlogopite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052895 riebeckite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
- H05B3/286—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an organic material, e.g. plastic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
- H05B3/283—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
- H05B3/30—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material on or between metallic plates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a flat electric heating element, its manufacturing process, as well as heating devices equipped with such elements.
- the invention can be applied to industrial heaters, domestic heaters and household appliances equipped with a heater.
- the present invention aims to coat without play in an insulating material a tape or a trace of electrically conductive material, in order to obtain a product of very high mechanical strength.
- Another object of the invention is a product whose temperature of the electrically conductive layer can reach high values; (incadescence to dark red or more).
- the material of the insulating support and of the covering must be transparent to infrared and red rays.
- a material is for example mica in its different appearances: muscovite, phlogopite, vermiculite.
- the impregnant will also have this quality.
- silicone varnishes Silicone varnishes can be used, despite the fact that they partially decompose at high temperature. In fact, their non-volatile decomposition products retain a suitable consistency and keep their quality of electrical insulation and mechanical protection.
- the insulating support sheet can be covered on one side with a conductive trace or can be used as a flat core for winding a thin, electrically conductive tape.
- the conductive trace can be obtained for example by cutting a metal strip by chemical, electrochemical, mechanical, or by laser beam.
- the choice of the type of strip depends on the temperature that the electrically conductive material can take and can be, for example, copper, aluminum, steel or a ferro-nickel or nickel-chromium alloy.
- the basic insulating material is preferably constituted by mineral fibers or flakes, for example: asbestos, fiberglass, rock wool, mica paper.
- the binder can be of the mineral type, for example an alkali salt based on silicate, phosphate, borate or borophosphate, in particular potassium silicate or soluble glass.
- thermosetting silicone resin producing a polymerized assembly of flexible quality or of rigid quality.
- a metal resistor 1 is coated on each side with one or more layers of mica paper 2, impregnated with a silicone resin.
- the number of these layers, usually two, is defined according to the required electrical insulation and mechanical strength.
- the impregnator is not or is not completely polymerized. The final polymerization takes place in a press at a suitable temperature and thus ensures excellent homogeneity of the assembly, guaranteeing a long service life of the heating element.
- sheets of mica paper are placed on either side of a cut metal circuit and the assembly is impregnated in a bath of silicone resin or a bath of potassium silicate. The cohesion and the other properties of the assembly are then obtained by hot pressing.
- the resistant strip is coated on two thicknesses of mica paper impregnated with a silicone resin.
- the assembly is then partially polymerized according to an adequate pressure and temperature cycle.
- the resistive circuit is then cut chemically, the micanite acting as a mechanical support.
- two layers of mica paper, impregnated with the same resin, are placed on the resistant line, and the whole is made homogeneous by a second baking cycle, bringing about complete polymerization.
- a flat electric heating element consists of a heat distribution sole 3, a support 4, a conductive layer 5, and a covering of vermiculite paper. 6 disposed between the conductive layer 5 and a rear support wall 7.
- the vermiculite undergoes an expansion which can reach ten times its initial volume. Thanks to this effect, the conductive layer and its support are pressed against the sole 3, which guarantees excellent thermal contact between this sole and the conductive layer, while between the conductive layer 5 and the rear support wall 7, a suitable thickness of heat insulation prevents heat loss to this rear support wall 7.
- FIG. 3 A third example is shown in FIG. 3.
- a cardboard support of mica 8 serves as a winding mandrel for a thin metallic ribbon 9.
- This support and the ribbon 9 are covered on either side by two covering sheets 10.
- the whole is joined together in a press during a polymerization cycle of the silicone resin with which the support 8 and the sheets 10 are impregnated.
- the excellent solidity of the assembly is conditioned by the fact of the homogeneity of the insulating material which is the same on both sides of the electrical resistance and which is produced, in particular by the bonds which are formed, thanks to hardening under pressure. , through the interstices of the resistant line of the filiform resistant layer. The connections through these interstices are facilitated by the fact that the thickness of the resistant layer is always very small, generally, substantially less than 0.1 mm.
- heating elements can be envisaged in devices dissipating heat mainly by radiation, for example in toasters and radiant heating devices.
- the particular advantage of these heating elements is the fact that the heating conductors, even incandescent, are covered with an electrically insulating and mechanically resistant layer, both in the cold state and in the hot state. Any accidental contact of an electrical conductor with a metal utensil, for example a fork, is thus excluded.
- a reflective layer for example obtained by evaporation under vacuum of a refractory metal or simply by bonding using a silicone resin a thin strip of silver, nickel or chrome. Such a measure greatly reduces the dissipation of heat on the side of the reflective layer.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention a pour objet un élément plat de chauffage électrique, son procédé de fabrication, ainsi que des appareils chauffants équipés de tels éléments. L'invention peut être appliquée aux appareils de chauffage industriels, aux appareils de chauffage domestiques et aux appareils ménagers équipés d'un dispositif de chauffage.The present invention relates to a flat electric heating element, its manufacturing process, as well as heating devices equipped with such elements. The invention can be applied to industrial heaters, domestic heaters and household appliances equipped with a heater.
Il existe déjà des éléments de chauffage plats consitués d'un support en matière isolante, notamment un support en carton de mica, autour duquel est enroulé un fil résistant électrique. Il est également connu de disposer une résistance,découpée hors d'un feuillard métallique, entre deux couches isolantes reliées ensemble, mais laissant de l'espace pour la dilatation du métal résistant par rapport à la matière isolante. Par ailleurs, il est connu de solidariser une couche métallique ou semi-conductrice avec un support isolant plat, notamment au moyen des techniques de circuits imprimés.There are already flat heating elements made up of a support made of insulating material, in particular a support made of mica cardboard, around which an electric resistant wire is wound. It is also known to have a resistor, cut out of a metal strip, between two insulating layers connected together, but leaving space for the expansion of the resistant metal relative to the insulating material. Furthermore, it is known to secure a metallic or semiconductor layer with a flat insulating support, in particular by means of printed circuit techniques.
La présente invention a pour but d'enrober sans jeu dans une matière isolante un ruban ou un tracé en matière conductrice d'électricité, afin d'obtenir un produit d'une très grande solidité mécanique. Un autre but de l'invention est un produit dont la température de la couche conductrice d'électricité peut atteindre des valeurs élevées; (incadescence jusqu'au rouge foncé ou davantage).The present invention aims to coat without play in an insulating material a tape or a trace of electrically conductive material, in order to obtain a product of very high mechanical strength. Another object of the invention is a product whose temperature of the electrically conductive layer can reach high values; (incadescence to dark red or more).
De tels résultats peuvent être obtenus, suivant l'invention, par le fait qu'on applique une couche conductrice d'électricité, filiforme, sur une feuille support isolante, poreuse, qu'on recouvre cette couche conductrice et son support d'une ou plusieurs feuilles de recouvrement isolantes, poreuses, de même nature que la feuille support, qu'on solidarise le tout au moyen d'un liant ou d'un imprégnant, et qu'on le durcit sous presse par la prise du liant ou la polymérisation de l'imprégnant. De cette manière, on obtient un produit d'une très grande homogénéité, présentant une execellente solidité mécanique.Such results can be obtained, according to the invention, by the fact that an electrically conductive, filiform layer is applied to an insulating, porous support sheet, that this conductive layer and its support are covered with one or more several insulating, porous covering sheets, of the same kind as the support sheet, which are joined together by means of a binder or an impregnator, and which are hardened in press by setting the binder or polymerizing of the impregnating. In this way, a product of very high homogeneity is obtained, having excellent mechanical solidity.
Lorsque l'élémént chauffant est destiné à produire des températures élevées, la matière du support isolant et du recouvrement doit être transparent aux rayons infra-rouges et rouges. Un tel matériau est par exemple le mica sous ses différentes apparitions: muscovite, phlogopite, vermiculite. De préférence, l'impregnant possèdera aussi cette qualité. C'est le cas pour les vernis silicone. Les vernis silicone peuvent être utilisés, malgré le fait qu'ils se décomposent partiellement à haute température. En effet, leurs produits de décomposition, non volatils, conservent une cohérence convenable et gardent leur qualité d'isolant électrique et de protection mécanique.When the heating element is intended to produce high temperatures, the material of the insulating support and of the covering must be transparent to infrared and red rays. Such a material is for example mica in its different appearances: muscovite, phlogopite, vermiculite. Preferably, the impregnant will also have this quality. This is the case for silicone varnishes. Silicone varnishes can be used, despite the fact that they partially decompose at high temperature. In fact, their non-volatile decomposition products retain a suitable consistency and keep their quality of electrical insulation and mechanical protection.
La feuille de support isolante peut être recouverte d'un seul côté d'un tracé conducteur ou peut servir de mandrin plat pour l'enroulage d'un ruban mince, conducteur d'électricité.The insulating support sheet can be covered on one side with a conductive trace or can be used as a flat core for winding a thin, electrically conductive tape.
Le tracé conducteur peut être obtenu par exemple par découpage d'un feuillard métallique par voie chimique, électrochimique, mécanique, ou par rayon laser. Le choix de la nature du feuillard dépend de la température que peut prendre la matière conductrice d'électricité et peut être par exemple du cuivre, de l'aluminium, de l'acier ou un alliage ferro-nickel ou nickel-chrome.The conductive trace can be obtained for example by cutting a metal strip by chemical, electrochemical, mechanical, or by laser beam. The choice of the type of strip depends on the temperature that the electrically conductive material can take and can be, for example, copper, aluminum, steel or a ferro-nickel or nickel-chromium alloy.
La matière isolante de base est de préférence constituée par des fibres ou paillettes minérales, par exemple: amiante, fibre de verre, laine de roche, papier de mica.The basic insulating material is preferably constituted by mineral fibers or flakes, for example: asbestos, fiberglass, rock wool, mica paper.
Le liant peut être du type minéral, par exemple un sel alcalin à base de silicate, phosphate, borate ou borophosphate, notamment du silicate de potassium ou verre soluble.The binder can be of the mineral type, for example an alkali salt based on silicate, phosphate, borate or borophosphate, in particular potassium silicate or soluble glass.
A la place du liant inorganique, il est possible d'utiliser un imprégnant résistant à la chaleur tel qu'une résine silicone thermodurcissable produisant un ensemble polymérisé de qualité souple ou de qualité rigide.Instead of the inorganic binder, it is possible to use a heat-resistant impregnator such as a thermosetting silicone resin producing a polymerized assembly of flexible quality or of rigid quality.
Suivant un exemple de réalisation, représenté à la figure 1, une résistance métallique 1 est enrobée de chaque côté par une ou plusieures couches de papier de mica 2, impregnées par une résine silicone. Le nombre de ces couches, habituellement deux, est défini d'après l'isolation électrique et la résistance mécanique exigées. Au moment de l'assemblage, l'imprégnant n'est pas ou n'est pas complètement polymérisé. La polymérisation finale a lieu sous presse à une température convenable et assure ainsi une excellente homogénéité de l'ensemble, garantissant une longue durée de vie de l'élémént chauffant.According to an exemplary embodiment, shown in FIG. 1, a metal resistor 1 is coated on each side with one or more layers of
En variante, des feuilles de papier de mica sont placées de part et d'autre d'un circuit métallique découpé et l'ensemble est imprégné dans un bain de résine silicone ou un bain de silicate de potasse. La cohésion et les autres propriétés de l'ensemble sont alors obtenues par pressage à chaud.As a variant, sheets of mica paper are placed on either side of a cut metal circuit and the assembly is impregnated in a bath of silicone resin or a bath of potassium silicate. The cohesion and the other properties of the assembly are then obtained by hot pressing.
Suivant une autre variante, le feuillard résistant est couché sur deux épaisseurs de papier de mica imprégné d'une résine silicone. L'ensemble est ensuite partiellement polymérisé suivant un cycle de pression et de température adéquats. Le circuit résistant est ensuite découpé par voie chimique, la micanite faisant office de support mécanique. Après cette opération, on pose sur le tracé résistant deux épaisseurs de papier de mica, imprégné de la même résine, et on rend l'ensemble homogène par un deuxième cycle de cuisson, amenant la polymérisation complète.According to another variant, the resistant strip is coated on two thicknesses of mica paper impregnated with a silicone resin. The assembly is then partially polymerized according to an adequate pressure and temperature cycle. The resistive circuit is then cut chemically, the micanite acting as a mechanical support. After this operation, two layers of mica paper, impregnated with the same resin, are placed on the resistant line, and the whole is made homogeneous by a second baking cycle, bringing about complete polymerization.
Un autre exemple est représenté à la figure 2. Un élément plat de chauffage électrique est constiué d'une semelle de répartition de chaleur 3, d'un support 4, d'une couche conductrice 5, et d'un recouvrement en papier de vermiculite 6 disposé entre la couche conductrice 5 et une paroi d'appui arrière 7. Lors de l'application de la chaleur, nécessaire à la polymérisation du vernis silicone dont sont impregnés le support et le papier de vermiculite, la vermiculite subit une expansion qui peut atteindre le décuple de son volume initial. Grâce à cet effet, la couche conductrice et son support sont plaqués sur la semelle 3, ce qui garantit un excellent contact thermique entre cette semelle et la couche conductrice, tandis qu'entre la couche conductrice 5 et la paroi d'appui arrière 7, une épaisseur convenable d'isolant calorifique empêche les pertes de chaleur vers cette paroi d'appui arrière 7.Another example is shown in Figure 2. A flat electric heating element consists of a heat distribution sole 3, a support 4, a conductive layer 5, and a covering of vermiculite paper. 6 disposed between the conductive layer 5 and a
Un troisième exemple est représenté à la figure 3. Un support en carton de mica 8 sert de mandrin de bobinage à un ruban mince métallique 9. Ce support et le ruban 9 sont recouverts de part et d'autre par deux feuilles de recouvrement 10. Le tout est solidarisé sous presse lors d'un cycle de polymérisation de la résine silicone dont sont imprégnés le support 8 et les feuilles 10.
L'excellente solidité de l'ensemble est conditionnée par le fait de l'homogénéité de la matière isolante qui est la même des deux côtés de la résistance électrique et qui est réalisée, notamment par les liaisons qui se forment, grâce au durcissement sous pression, à travers les interstices du tracé résistant de la couche résistante filiforme. Les liaisons à travers ces interstices sont facilitées par le fait que l'épaisseur de la couche résistante est toujours très faible, généralement, sensiblement inférieure à 0,1mm.A third example is shown in FIG. 3. A cardboard support of
The excellent solidity of the assembly is conditioned by the fact of the homogeneity of the insulating material which is the same on both sides of the electrical resistance and which is produced, in particular by the bonds which are formed, thanks to hardening under pressure. , through the interstices of the resistant line of the filiform resistant layer. The connections through these interstices are facilitated by the fact that the thickness of the resistant layer is always very small, generally, substantially less than 0.1 mm.
Cette solidité se maintient même si le liant se décompose partiellement sous l'effet de la chaleur ou de la température. De ce fait, l'utilisation de ces éléments chauffants peut être envisagée dans des appareils dissipant la chaleur surtout par rayonnement, par exemple dans des grille-pains et appareils de chauffage par rayonnement. L'avantage particulier de ces éléments chauffants est le fait que les conducteurs de chauffage, même incandescents sont recouverts d'une couche isolante électrique et mécaniquement résistante, aussi bien à l'état froid qu'à l'état chaud. Tout contact accidentel d'un conducteur d'électricité avec un ustensile métallique, par exemple une fourchette, est ainsi exclu.This solidity is maintained even if the binder partially decomposes under the effect of heat or temperature. Therefore, the use of these heating elements can be envisaged in devices dissipating heat mainly by radiation, for example in toasters and radiant heating devices. The particular advantage of these heating elements is the fact that the heating conductors, even incandescent, are covered with an electrically insulating and mechanically resistant layer, both in the cold state and in the hot state. Any accidental contact of an electrical conductor with a metal utensil, for example a fork, is thus excluded.
Lorsque la chaleur doit être dissipée vers un seul côté, il est possible de revouvrir le côté opposé d'une couche réfléchissante, par exemple obtenue par évaporation sous vide d'un métal réfractaire ou simplement par collage à l'aide d'une résine silicone d'un feuillard mince argenté, nicklé ou chromé. Une telle mesure réduit fortement la dissipation de la chaleur du côté de la couche réfléchissante.When the heat must be dissipated to only one side, it is possible to cover the opposite side with a reflective layer, for example obtained by evaporation under vacuum of a refractory metal or simply by bonding using a silicone resin a thin strip of silver, nickel or chrome. Such a measure greatly reduces the dissipation of heat on the side of the reflective layer.
En recouvrant les deux côtés d'une couche réfléchissante, il est possible d'abaisser la température de l'élément à l'endroit de ces couches et d'obtenir des surfaces de chauffage par convection qui ne sont pas en contact électrique avec la résistance de chauffage.By covering both sides with a reflective layer, it is possible to lower the temperature of the element at the location of these layers and to obtain convection heating surfaces which are not in electrical contact with the resistance. of heating.
Claims (11)
caractérisé en ce qu'on applique une couche conductrice d'électricité, filiforme, (1,5,9) sur une feuille support isolante, poreuse (2,4,8), qu'on recouvre cette couche conductrice et son support d'une ou plusieurs feuilles de recouvrement isolantes (2,6,10), poreuses, de même nature que la feuille support, qu'on solidarise le tout au moyen d'un liant ou d'un imprégnant et qu'on le durcit sous presse par la prise du liant ou la polymérisation de l'imprégnant.1. Method for manufacturing a flat electric heating element, consisting of an electric resistance placed between insulating sheets,
characterized in that an electrically conductive, filiform layer (1,5,9) is applied to an insulating, porous support sheet (2,4,8), that this conductive layer and its support are covered one or more insulating covering sheets (2,6,10), porous, of the same kind as the support sheet, which are all secured by means of a binder or an impregnator and that they are hardened in press by setting the binder or polymerizing the impregnator.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BE905985 | 1986-12-19 | ||
| BE0/217558A BE905985A (en) | 1986-12-19 | 1986-12-19 | Flat, thin electric heating element - has thin metallic sheet with insulated covering of layered, mica-impregnated paper |
| BE8700289 | 1987-03-20 | ||
| BE8700289A BE1000397A4 (en) | 1987-03-20 | 1987-03-20 | Flat electric heating element mfr., e.g. for toaster - forming element on porous sheet covered with insulating layers prior to hardening of binder or polymerisation of impregnating resin |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0276644A1 true EP0276644A1 (en) | 1988-08-03 |
Family
ID=25655152
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP8787870177A Withdrawn EP0276644A1 (en) | 1986-12-19 | 1987-12-15 | Flat electrical heating element |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0276644A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1988004874A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2745147A1 (en) * | 1996-02-19 | 1997-08-22 | Eco Tan Ltd | Resistive heating element enclosed in layered mica sheet |
| WO1999065279A1 (en) * | 1998-06-08 | 1999-12-16 | Dualit Limited | Electric cooking and toasting apparatus and electric elements therefor |
| WO2000033615A1 (en) * | 1998-12-02 | 2000-06-08 | Dualit Limited | Electric cooking and toasting apparatus and electric elements therefor |
| GB2436194A (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-19 | Gkn Aerospace Transparency Sys | A method of making an impregnated heater structure and an impregnated heater structure |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE1002726A3 (en) * | 1989-01-04 | 1991-05-21 | Asturienne Mines Comp Royale | HEATING ELEMENT. |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR927572A (en) * | 1944-01-03 | 1947-11-03 | Manufacturing process of electric radiators with embedded resistances | |
| FR2061161A5 (en) * | 1969-09-11 | 1971-06-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | |
| FR2395661A2 (en) * | 1977-06-23 | 1979-01-19 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Radiant heating panels of resistive circuits on polyimide support - where the circuit is immersed in the core panel surface for protection |
| DE3013778A1 (en) * | 1980-04-10 | 1981-10-15 | I.G. Bauerhin GmbH elektro-technische Fabrik, 6466 Gründau | Ironing press for textile sandwich contg. electrical heating strip - has resilient heat resistant facing to receive needle points of template |
| US4474841A (en) * | 1983-09-30 | 1984-10-02 | Kerekes Peter S | Heat-radiant paper laminate panel and method of forming |
| EP0127226A2 (en) * | 1983-05-31 | 1984-12-05 | Société Anonyme Compagnie Générale Belge des Isolants (COGEBI) | Method of manufacturing electrical resistances and heating apparatuses |
| EP0202969A1 (en) * | 1985-04-19 | 1986-11-26 | Seb S.A. | Flat heating element with electrical resistance, and article equipped with such an element |
| EP0204185A1 (en) * | 1985-05-30 | 1986-12-10 | E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer | Radiant-heating unit |
-
1987
- 1987-12-15 EP EP8787870177A patent/EP0276644A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1987-12-15 WO PCT/BE1987/000019 patent/WO1988004874A1/en unknown
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR927572A (en) * | 1944-01-03 | 1947-11-03 | Manufacturing process of electric radiators with embedded resistances | |
| FR2061161A5 (en) * | 1969-09-11 | 1971-06-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | |
| FR2395661A2 (en) * | 1977-06-23 | 1979-01-19 | Rhone Poulenc Ind | Radiant heating panels of resistive circuits on polyimide support - where the circuit is immersed in the core panel surface for protection |
| DE3013778A1 (en) * | 1980-04-10 | 1981-10-15 | I.G. Bauerhin GmbH elektro-technische Fabrik, 6466 Gründau | Ironing press for textile sandwich contg. electrical heating strip - has resilient heat resistant facing to receive needle points of template |
| EP0127226A2 (en) * | 1983-05-31 | 1984-12-05 | Société Anonyme Compagnie Générale Belge des Isolants (COGEBI) | Method of manufacturing electrical resistances and heating apparatuses |
| US4474841A (en) * | 1983-09-30 | 1984-10-02 | Kerekes Peter S | Heat-radiant paper laminate panel and method of forming |
| EP0202969A1 (en) * | 1985-04-19 | 1986-11-26 | Seb S.A. | Flat heating element with electrical resistance, and article equipped with such an element |
| EP0204185A1 (en) * | 1985-05-30 | 1986-12-10 | E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer | Radiant-heating unit |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2745147A1 (en) * | 1996-02-19 | 1997-08-22 | Eco Tan Ltd | Resistive heating element enclosed in layered mica sheet |
| WO1999065279A1 (en) * | 1998-06-08 | 1999-12-16 | Dualit Limited | Electric cooking and toasting apparatus and electric elements therefor |
| US6297477B1 (en) | 1998-06-08 | 2001-10-02 | Dualit Limited | Electric cooking and toasting apparatus and electric elements therefor |
| WO2000033615A1 (en) * | 1998-12-02 | 2000-06-08 | Dualit Limited | Electric cooking and toasting apparatus and electric elements therefor |
| US6417492B1 (en) | 1998-12-02 | 2002-07-09 | Dualit Limited | Electric cooking and toasting apparatus and electric elements therefor |
| AU754085B2 (en) * | 1998-12-02 | 2002-11-07 | Dualit Limited | Electric cooking and toasting apparatus and electric elements therefor |
| GB2436194A (en) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-19 | Gkn Aerospace Transparency Sys | A method of making an impregnated heater structure and an impregnated heater structure |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1988004874A1 (en) | 1988-06-30 |
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