WO1988004874A1 - Flat electric heating elements - Google Patents

Flat electric heating elements Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1988004874A1
WO1988004874A1 PCT/BE1987/000019 BE8700019W WO8804874A1 WO 1988004874 A1 WO1988004874 A1 WO 1988004874A1 BE 8700019 W BE8700019 W BE 8700019W WO 8804874 A1 WO8804874 A1 WO 8804874A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
support
sheets
element according
binder
electrical resistance
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/BE1987/000019
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
André Dubois
Daniel Mormont
Bernard Contzen
Original Assignee
Compagnie Royale Asturienne Des Mines, Societe Ano
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from BE0/217558A external-priority patent/BE905985A/en
Priority claimed from BE8700289A external-priority patent/BE1000397A4/en
Application filed by Compagnie Royale Asturienne Des Mines, Societe Ano filed Critical Compagnie Royale Asturienne Des Mines, Societe Ano
Publication of WO1988004874A1 publication Critical patent/WO1988004874A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/286—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an organic material, e.g. plastic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/283—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/30—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material on or between metallic plates

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a flat electric heating element, its manufacturing process, as well as heating devices equipped with such elements.
  • the invention can be applied to industrial heaters, domestic heaters and household appliances equipped with a heater.
  • the present invention aims to coat without play in>.
  • an insulating material a tape or a trace of electrically conductive material, in order to obtain a product of very great mechanical strength.
  • Another object of the invention is a product whose temperature of the electrically conductive layer can reach high values; (incadescence to dark red or more).
  • the 1st material - of the insulating support and of the covering must be transparent to infrared and red rays.
  • a material is for example mica in its different appearances: muscovite, phlogopite, vermiculite.
  • the impregnator will also have this quality.
  • silicone varnishes Silicone varnishes can be used, despite the fact that they decompose at high temperatures. Indeed, their decomposition products, not volat i Is, retain a suitable coherence and keep their quality of electrical insulator and mechanical protection.
  • the insulating support sheet can be covered on one side with a conductive trace or can serve as a flat core for winding a thin, electrically conductive tape.
  • the conductive trace can be obtained for example by cutting a metal strip by chemical, electron ' chemical, mechanical, or by laser beam.
  • the choice of the type of strip depends on the temperature that the electrically conductive material can take and can be, for example, copper, aluminum, steel or a ferro-nickel or nickel-chromium alloy.
  • the basic insulating material is preferably constituted by mineral fibers or flakes, for example: asbestos, fiberglass, rock wool, mica paper.
  • the binder can be of the mineral type, for example an alkali salt based on silicate, phosphate, borate or borophosphate, in particular potassium silicate or soluble glass.
  • thermosetting silicone resin producing a polymerized assembly of flexible or rigid quality.
  • a metal resistor 1 is coated on each side with one or more layers of paper. of mica 2, impregnated with a silicone resin.
  • the number of these layers, usually two, is defined according to the required electrical insulation and mechanical strength.
  • the impregnator is not or is not completely polymerized. The final polymerization takes place in a press at a suitable temperature and thus ensures excellent homogeneity of the assembly, guaranteeing a long service life of the heating element.
  • sheets of mica paper are placed on either side of a cut metal circuit and the assembly is impregnated in a bath of silicone resin or a bath of potash silica. The cohesion and the other properties of the assembly are then obtained by hot pressing.
  • the resistant strip is coated on two thicknesses of mica paper impregnated with a silicone resin.
  • the assembly is then partially polymerized according to an adequate pressure and temperature cycle.
  • the resistant circuit is then cut chemically, the micanite acting as a mechanical support.
  • two layers of mica paper, impregnated with the same resin, are placed on the resistant line, and the whole is made homogeneous by a second baking cycle, bringing about complete polymerization.
  • FIG. 2 A flat electric heating element is constituted by a heat distribution sole 3, a support 4 of a conductive layer 5, and a paper covering of vermiculite 6 disposed between the conductive layer 5 and a rear support wall 7.
  • a heat distribution sole 3 When applying heat, necessary for the polymerization of the silicone varnish with which the support and the vermiculite paper are impregnated, the vermiculite undergoes expansion which can reach ten times its initial volume. Thanks to this effect, the conductive layer and its support are pressed onto the sole 3, which guarantees excellent thermal contact between this sole and the conductive layer, while between the conductive layer 5 and the rear support wall. 7, a suitable thickness of heat insulator prevents heat loss towards this rear support wall 7 -
  • a third example is shown in Figure 3.
  • a cardboard support of mica 8 serves as a winding mandrel.
  • a thin metallic ribbon 9 This support and the ribbon 9 are covered on both sides by two covering sheets 10.:The whole is joined together under press during a polymerization cycle of the silicone resin with which the support 8 and sheets 10.
  • the excellent solidity of the assembly is conditioned by the fact of the homogeneity of the insulating material which is the same on both sides of the electrical resistance and which is produced, in particular by the bonds which are formed, thanks to hardening under pressure. , through the interstices of the resistant line of the filiform resistant layer. The connections through these interstices are facilitated by the fact that the thickness of the resistant layer is always very small, generally, substantially less than 0.1 m.
  • heating elements can be envisaged in devices dissipating heat mainly by radiation, for example in toasters and radiant heating devices.
  • the particular advantage of these heating elements is the fact that the heating conductors, even incandescent, are covered with an electrically insulating and mechanically resistant layer, both in the cold state and in the hot state. Any accidental contact of an electrical conductor with a metal utensil, for example a fork, is thus excluded.
  • a reflective layer for example obtained by evaporation under vacuum of a refractory metal or simply by bonding using a silicone resin of a thin silver, nickel or chrome strip. Such a measure greatly reduces the dissipation of heat on the side of the reflective layer.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Abstract

Flat electric heating elements obtained by applying a filiform electrically conducting layer (9) on a porous insulating support sheet (4), by covering said conducting layer (9) and its support (8) with one or a plurality of porous insulating covering sheets (10) of the same nature as the support sheet, by making integral the assembly by means of a binder or an impregnating agent, and by hardening the resulting assembly under press by the setting of the binder or by the polymerization of the impregnating agent.

Description

ELEMENTS PLATS DE CHAUFFAGE ELECTRIQUE.ELECTRI Q EU FLAT HEATING ELEMENTS.
La présente invention a pour objet un élément plat de chauffage électrique, son procédé de fabrication, ainsi que des appareils chauffants équipés de tels éléments. L'invention peut être appliquée aux appareils de chauffage industriels, aux appareils de chauffage domestiques et aux appareils ménagers équipés d'un dispositif de chauffage.The present invention relates to a flat electric heating element, its manufacturing process, as well as heating devices equipped with such elements. The invention can be applied to industrial heaters, domestic heaters and household appliances equipped with a heater.
Il existe déjà des éléments de chauffage plats consitués d'un support en matière isolante, notamment un support en carton de mica, autour duquel est enroulé un fil résistant électrique. Il est également connu de disposer une rési stance,découpée hors d'un feuillard métallique, entre deux couches isolantes reliées ensemble, mais laissant de l'espace pour la dilatation du métal résistant par rapport à la matière isolante. Par ailleurs, il est connu de solidariser une couche métallique ou semi-conductrice avec un support isolant plat, notamment au moyen des techniques de circuits imprimés.There are already flat heating elements consisting of a support made of insulating material, in particular a support made of mica cardboard, around which is wound an electric resistant wire. It is also known to have a resistor, cut out of a metal strip, between two insulating layers connected together, but leaving space for the expansion of the resistant metal relative to the insulating material. Furthermore, it is known to secure a metallic or semiconductor layer with a flat insulating support, in particular by means of printed circuit techniques.
La présente invention a pour but d'enrober sans jeu dans >. une matière isolante un ruban ou un tracé en matière conductrice d'électrici é, afin d'obtenir un produit d'une très grande solidité mécanique. Un autre but de l'invention est un produit dont la température de la couche conductrice d'électricité peut atteindre des valeurs élevées; (incadescence jusqu'au rouge foncé ou davantage) .The present invention aims to coat without play in>. an insulating material a tape or a trace of electrically conductive material, in order to obtain a product of very great mechanical strength. Another object of the invention is a product whose temperature of the electrically conductive layer can reach high values; (incadescence to dark red or more).
De tels résultats peuvent être obtenus, suivant l'invention par le fait qu'on applique une couche conductrice d ' électr c té filiforme/ sur une feuille support isolante, poreuse, qu'on recouv cette couche conductrice et son support d'une ou plusieurs feui l le de recouvrement isolantes, poreuses, de même nature que la feuill support, qu'on solidarise le tout au moyen d'un liant ou d'un imprégnant, et qu'on le durcit sous presse par la prise du liant ou la polymérisation de l'imprégnant. De cette manière, on obtien un produit d'une très grande homogénéité, présentant une execelle solidité mécanique.Such results can be obtained, according to the invention by the fact that an electrically conductive layer is applied to the filiform side / on an insulating, porous support sheet, that this conductive layer and its support are covered with one or more several insulating, porous covering sheets, of the same kind as the support sheet, which are all secured by means of a binder or an impregnator, and which are hardened in press by setting the binder or polymerization of the impregnator. In this way, one obtains a product of very great homogeneity, having an excellent mechanical solidity.
Lorsque l'élément chauffant est destiné à produire des températures élevées, la mat 1ère --du support isolant et du recouvr ment doit être transparent aux rayons infra-roύges et rouges. Un tel matériau est par exemple le mica sous ses différentes apparitions: muscovite, phlogopite, vermiculite. De préférence, l'imprégnant possédera aussi cette qualité. C'est le cas pour les vernis silicone. Les vernis silicone peuvent être utilisés, malgré le fait qu'ils se décomposent par iellement à haute température. En effet, leurs produits de décomposition, non volât i Is, conservent une cohérence convenable et gardent leur qualité d'isolant électrique et de protection mécanique.When the heating element is intended to produce high temperatures, the 1st material - of the insulating support and of the covering must be transparent to infrared and red rays. Such a material is for example mica in its different appearances: muscovite, phlogopite, vermiculite. Preferably, the impregnator will also have this quality. This is the case for silicone varnishes. Silicone varnishes can be used, despite the fact that they decompose at high temperatures. Indeed, their decomposition products, not volat i Is, retain a suitable coherence and keep their quality of electrical insulator and mechanical protection.
La feuille de support isolante peut être recouverte d'un seul côté d'un tracé conducteur ou peut servir de mandrin plat pour l'enroulage d'un ruban mince, conducteur d'électricité.The insulating support sheet can be covered on one side with a conductive trace or can serve as a flat core for winding a thin, electrically conductive tape.
Le tracé conducteur peut être obtenu par exemple par découpage d'un feuillard métallique par voie chimique, électron' chimique, mécanique, ou par rayon laser. Le choix de la nature du feuillard dépend de la température que peut prendre la matière conductrice d'électricité et peut être par exemple du cuivre, de l'aluminium, de l'acier ou un alliage ferro-πickel ou nickel- chrome.The conductive trace can be obtained for example by cutting a metal strip by chemical, electron ' chemical, mechanical, or by laser beam. The choice of the type of strip depends on the temperature that the electrically conductive material can take and can be, for example, copper, aluminum, steel or a ferro-nickel or nickel-chromium alloy.
La matière isolante de base est de préférence constituée par des fibres ou paillettes minérales, par exemple: amiante, fibre de verre, laine de roche, papier de mica.The basic insulating material is preferably constituted by mineral fibers or flakes, for example: asbestos, fiberglass, rock wool, mica paper.
Le liant peut être du type minéral, par exemple un sel alcalin à base de silicate, phosphate, borate ou borophosphate, notamment du silicate de potassium ou verre soluble.The binder can be of the mineral type, for example an alkali salt based on silicate, phosphate, borate or borophosphate, in particular potassium silicate or soluble glass.
A la place du liant inorganique, il est possible d'utiliser un imprégnant résistant à la chaleur tel qu'une résine silicone ther odurcissable produisant un ensemble polymérisé de qualité souple ou de qualité rigide.Instead of the inorganic binder, it is possible to use a heat-resistant impregnator such as a thermosetting silicone resin producing a polymerized assembly of flexible or rigid quality.
Suivant un exemple de réalisation, représenté à la figure 1, une résistance métallique 1 est enrobée de chaque côté par une ou plusieures couches de papier. de mica 2, imprégnées par une résine silicone. Le nombre de ces couches, habituellement deux, est défini d'après l'isolation électrique et la résistance mécanique exigées. Au moment de l'assemblage, l'imprégnant n'est pas ou n'est pas complètement polymérisé. La polymérisation final a lieu sous presse à une température convenable et assure ainsi une excellente homogénéité de l'ensemble, garantissant une longue durée de vie de l'élément chauffant. En variante, des feui lles de pap er de mica sont placées de part et d'autre d'un circuit métallique découpé et l'ensemble est imprégné dans un bain de résine silicone ou un bain de silica de potasse. La cohésion et les autres propriétés de l'ensemble sont alors obtenues par pressage à chaud.According to an exemplary embodiment, shown in Figure 1, a metal resistor 1 is coated on each side with one or more layers of paper. of mica 2, impregnated with a silicone resin. The number of these layers, usually two, is defined according to the required electrical insulation and mechanical strength. At the time of assembly, the impregnator is not or is not completely polymerized. The final polymerization takes place in a press at a suitable temperature and thus ensures excellent homogeneity of the assembly, guaranteeing a long service life of the heating element. As a variant, sheets of mica paper are placed on either side of a cut metal circuit and the assembly is impregnated in a bath of silicone resin or a bath of potash silica. The cohesion and the other properties of the assembly are then obtained by hot pressing.
Suivant une autre variante, le feuillard résistant est couché sur deux épaisseurs de papier de mica imprégné d'une résine silicone. L'ensemble est ensuite partiellement polymérisé suivant un cycle de pression et de température adéquats. Le circu résistant est ensuite découpé par voie chimique, la micanite faisant office de support mécanique. Après cette opération, on pose sur le tracé résistant deux épaisseurs de papier de mica, imprégné de la même résine, et on rend l'ensemble homogène par un deuxième cycle de cuisson, amenant la polymérisation complète.According to another variant, the resistant strip is coated on two thicknesses of mica paper impregnated with a silicone resin. The assembly is then partially polymerized according to an adequate pressure and temperature cycle. The resistant circuit is then cut chemically, the micanite acting as a mechanical support. After this operation, two layers of mica paper, impregnated with the same resin, are placed on the resistant line, and the whole is made homogeneous by a second baking cycle, bringing about complete polymerization.
Un autre exemple est représenté à la figure 2. Un élément plat de chauffage électrique est constiué d'une semelle de répar¬ tition de chaleur 3, d'un support 4 d'une couche conductrice 5, et d'un recouvrement en papier de vermiculite 6 disposé entre la couche conductrice 5 et une paroi d'appui arrière 7. Lors de l'applicat on de la chaleur, nécessaire à la polymérisation du vernis silicone dont sont imprégnés le support et le papier de vermiculite, la vermiculite subit une expansion qui peut atteindr le décuple de son volume initial. Grâce à cet effet, la couche conductrice et son support sont plaqués sur la semelle 3, ce qui garantit un excellent contact thermique entre cette semelle et la couche conductrice, tandis qu^-entre la couche conductri ce 5 et la paroi d'appui arrière 7, une épaisseur convenable d'isolant calorifique empêche les pertes de chaleur vers cette paroi d'appui arrière 7 -Another example is shown in FIG. 2. A flat electric heating element is constituted by a heat distribution sole 3, a support 4 of a conductive layer 5, and a paper covering of vermiculite 6 disposed between the conductive layer 5 and a rear support wall 7. When applying heat, necessary for the polymerization of the silicone varnish with which the support and the vermiculite paper are impregnated, the vermiculite undergoes expansion which can reach ten times its initial volume. Thanks to this effect, the conductive layer and its support are pressed onto the sole 3, which guarantees excellent thermal contact between this sole and the conductive layer, while between the conductive layer 5 and the rear support wall. 7, a suitable thickness of heat insulator prevents heat loss towards this rear support wall 7 -
Un troisième exemple est représenté à la figure 3. Un support en carton de mica 8 sert de mandrin de bobinage à. un ruban mince métallique 9. Ce support et le ruban 9 sont recouverts de part et d'autre par deux feuilles de recouvrement 10.:.Le tout est solidarisé sous presse lors d'un cycle de polymérisation de la résine silicone dont sont imprégnés le support 8 et les feui l les 10. L'excellente solidité de l'ensemble est conditionnée par le fait de l'homogénéité de la matière isolante qui est la même des deux côtés de la résistance électrique et qui est réalisée, notamment par les liaisons qui se forment, grâce au durcissement sous pression, à travers les interstices du tracé résistant de la couche résistante filiforme. Les liaisons à travers ces interstices sont facilitées par le fait que l'épaisseur de la couche résistante est toujours très faible, généralement, sensiblement inférieure à 0,1m .A third example is shown in Figure 3. A cardboard support of mica 8 serves as a winding mandrel. a thin metallic ribbon 9. This support and the ribbon 9 are covered on both sides by two covering sheets 10.:The whole is joined together under press during a polymerization cycle of the silicone resin with which the support 8 and sheets 10. The excellent solidity of the assembly is conditioned by the fact of the homogeneity of the insulating material which is the same on both sides of the electrical resistance and which is produced, in particular by the bonds which are formed, thanks to hardening under pressure. , through the interstices of the resistant line of the filiform resistant layer. The connections through these interstices are facilitated by the fact that the thickness of the resistant layer is always very small, generally, substantially less than 0.1 m.
Cette solidité se maintient même si le liant se décompose partiellement sous l'effet de la chaleur ou de la température. De ce fait, l'utilisation de ces éléments chauffants peut être envisagée dans des appareils dissipant la chaleur surtout par rayonnement, par exemple dans des grille-pains et appareils de chauffage par rayonnement. L'avantage particulier de ces éléments chauffants est le fait que les conducteurs de chauffage, même incandescents sont recouverts d'une couche isolante électrique et mécaniquement résistante, aussi bien à l'état froid qu'à l'état chaud. Tout contact accidentel d'un conducteur d'électricité avec un ustensile métallique, par exemple une fourchette, est ainsi exclu.This solidity is maintained even if the binder partially decomposes under the effect of heat or temperature. Therefore, the use of these heating elements can be envisaged in devices dissipating heat mainly by radiation, for example in toasters and radiant heating devices. The particular advantage of these heating elements is the fact that the heating conductors, even incandescent, are covered with an electrically insulating and mechanically resistant layer, both in the cold state and in the hot state. Any accidental contact of an electrical conductor with a metal utensil, for example a fork, is thus excluded.
Lorsque la chaleur doit être dissipée vers un seul côté, il est possible de revouvrir le côté opposé d'une couche réfléchis¬ sante, par exemple obtenue par évaporation sous vide d'un métal réfractaire ou simplement par collage à l'aide d'une résine silicone d'un feuillard mince argenté, nicklé ou chromé. Une telle mesure réduit fortement la dissipation de la chaleur du côté de la couche réfléchissante.When the heat must be dissipated to only one side, it is possible to cover the opposite side with a reflective layer, for example obtained by evaporation under vacuum of a refractory metal or simply by bonding using a silicone resin of a thin silver, nickel or chrome strip. Such a measure greatly reduces the dissipation of heat on the side of the reflective layer.
En recouvrant les deux côtés d'une couche réfléchissante, il est possible d'abaisser la température de l'élément à l'endroit de ces couches et d'obtenir des surfaces de chauffage par convection qui ne sont pas en contact électrique avec la résistance de chauffage. By covering both sides with a reflective layer, it is possible to lower the temperature of the element at the location of these layers and to obtain convection heating surfaces which are not in electrical contact with the resistor. of heating.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de fabrication d'un élément plat de chauffage électrique, constitué d'une résistance électrique disposée entre des feuilles isolantes, caractérisé en ce qu'on applique une couche conductrice d'électricité, filiforme, (1,5,9) sur une feuille support isolant poreuse (2,4,8), qu'on recouvre cette couche conductrice et son support d'une ou plusieurs feuilles de recouvrement isolantes (2,6,10), poreuses, de même nature que la feuille support, qu'on solidarise le tout au moyen d'un liant ou d'un imprégnant et qu'o le durcit sous presse par la prise du liant ou la polymérisation de l ' imprégnant .1. A method of manufacturing a flat electric heating element, consisting of an electrical resistance disposed between insulating sheets, characterized in that an electrically conductive, filiform layer (1,5,9) is applied to a porous insulating support sheet (2,4,8), which covers this conductive layer and its support with one or more insulating cover sheets (2,6,10), porous, of the same nature as the support sheet, that the whole is secured by means of a binder or an impregnant and that o hardens in press by setting the binder or polymerizing the impregnant.
2. Procédé de fabrication suivant la revendication 1, caractéri en ce qu'on imprègne les feuilles de support (2,4,8) et de recou¬ vrement (2,6,10) avant leur assemblage avec la résistance électri2. Manufacturing method according to claim 1, characterized in that the support sheets (2,4,8) and recou¬ vement (2,6,10) are impregnated before their assembly with the electrical resistance.
3. Procédé de fabrication suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'on polymérisé partiellement une au moins des feuilles support (2,4,8) ou de recouvrement (2,6,10) avant leur assemblage avec la résittance élect riqued ,5,9) .3. Manufacturing process according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one at least one of the support (2,4,8) or cover (2,6,10) sheets is polymerized before they are assembled with the electrical resistance, 5.9).
4. Elément plat de chauffage électrique, constitué d'une résis¬ tance électrique (1,5,9) disposée entre des feuilles isolantes (2,4,6,8,10) poreuses, imprégnées d'un vernis ou d'un liant, en liaison homogène entr'elles à travers les interstices de la résistance électrique.4. Flat electric heating element, consisting of an electrical resistance (1,5,9) disposed between porous insulating sheets (2,4,6,8,10), impregnated with a varnish or a binder, in homogeneous connection between them through the interstices of the electrical resistance.
5. Elément suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les feuilles isolantes (2,4,6,8,10) sont en papier de mica.5. Element according to claim 4, characterized in that the insulating sheets (2,4,6,8,10) are made of mica paper.
6. Elément suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que une des deux feuilles de support ou de recouvrement (6) est en papier de vermiculite.6. Element according to claim 5, characterized in that one of the two support or covering sheets (6) is made of vermiculite paper.
7. Elément suivant une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'imprégnant est un liant inorganique.7. Element according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the impregnating agent is an inorganic binder.
8. Elément suivant une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'imprégnant est une résine silicone t hermodurcissable.8. Element according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the impregnating agent is a hermosetting silicone resin.
9. Elément de chauffage suivant une des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il équipe un dispositif de chauffage et est disposé entre une semelle (3) de répartition de chaleur et une paroi arrière (7). 9. Heating element according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that it equips a heating device and is arranged between a soleplate (3 ) of heat distribution and a rear wall (7).
10. Elément de chauffage suivant une des revendications 4 à 8 caractérisé en ce qu'il équipe un dispositif de chauffage dans lequel la chaleur est dissipée par rayonnement.10. Heating element according to one of claims 4 to 8 characterized in that it equips a heating device in which the heat is dissipated by radiation.
11. Elément de chauffage suivant une des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'une de ses surfaces au moins est recouverte d'une couche réfléchissante 11. Heating element according to one of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that at least one of its surfaces is covered with a reflective layer
PCT/BE1987/000019 1986-12-19 1987-12-15 Flat electric heating elements WO1988004874A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE217558 1986-12-19
BE0/217558A BE905985A (en) 1986-12-19 1986-12-19 Flat, thin electric heating element - has thin metallic sheet with insulated covering of layered, mica-impregnated paper
BE8700289A BE1000397A4 (en) 1987-03-20 1987-03-20 Flat electric heating element mfr., e.g. for toaster - forming element on porous sheet covered with insulating layers prior to hardening of binder or polymerisation of impregnating resin
BE8/700289 1987-03-20

Publications (1)

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WO1988004874A1 true WO1988004874A1 (en) 1988-06-30

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Family Applications (1)

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PCT/BE1987/000019 WO1988004874A1 (en) 1986-12-19 1987-12-15 Flat electric heating elements

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EP (1) EP0276644A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1988004874A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0377425A1 (en) * 1989-01-04 1990-07-11 COMPAGNIE ROYALE ASTURIENNE DES MINES, Société Anonyme Heating element

Families Citing this family (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IL117181A0 (en) * 1996-02-19 1996-06-18 Eco Tan Ltd Mica covered resistive electric heater elements for air heating
EP1086608B1 (en) 1998-06-08 2003-01-15 Dualit Limited Electric cooking and toasting apparatus and electric elements therefor
EP1138176B1 (en) 1998-12-02 2003-04-23 Dualit Limited Electric cooking and toasting apparatus and electric elements therefor
GB2436194A (en) * 2006-03-17 2007-09-19 Gkn Aerospace Transparency Sys A method of making an impregnated heater structure and an impregnated heater structure

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FR927572A (en) * 1944-01-03 1947-11-03 Manufacturing process of electric radiators with embedded resistances
FR2061161A5 (en) * 1969-09-11 1971-06-18 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd
FR2395661A2 (en) * 1977-06-23 1979-01-19 Rhone Poulenc Ind Radiant heating panels of resistive circuits on polyimide support - where the circuit is immersed in the core panel surface for protection
DE3013778A1 (en) * 1980-04-10 1981-10-15 I.G. Bauerhin GmbH elektro-technische Fabrik, 6466 Gründau Ironing press for textile sandwich contg. electrical heating strip - has resilient heat resistant facing to receive needle points of template
US4474841A (en) * 1983-09-30 1984-10-02 Kerekes Peter S Heat-radiant paper laminate panel and method of forming
EP0127226A2 (en) * 1983-05-31 1984-12-05 Société Anonyme Compagnie Générale Belge des Isolants (COGEBI) Method of manufacturing electrical resistances and heating apparatuses
EP0202969A1 (en) * 1985-04-19 1986-11-26 Seb S.A. Flat heating element with electrical resistance, and article equipped with such an element
EP0204185A1 (en) * 1985-05-30 1986-12-10 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer Radiant-heating unit

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR927572A (en) * 1944-01-03 1947-11-03 Manufacturing process of electric radiators with embedded resistances
FR2061161A5 (en) * 1969-09-11 1971-06-18 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd
FR2395661A2 (en) * 1977-06-23 1979-01-19 Rhone Poulenc Ind Radiant heating panels of resistive circuits on polyimide support - where the circuit is immersed in the core panel surface for protection
DE3013778A1 (en) * 1980-04-10 1981-10-15 I.G. Bauerhin GmbH elektro-technische Fabrik, 6466 Gründau Ironing press for textile sandwich contg. electrical heating strip - has resilient heat resistant facing to receive needle points of template
EP0127226A2 (en) * 1983-05-31 1984-12-05 Société Anonyme Compagnie Générale Belge des Isolants (COGEBI) Method of manufacturing electrical resistances and heating apparatuses
US4474841A (en) * 1983-09-30 1984-10-02 Kerekes Peter S Heat-radiant paper laminate panel and method of forming
EP0202969A1 (en) * 1985-04-19 1986-11-26 Seb S.A. Flat heating element with electrical resistance, and article equipped with such an element
EP0204185A1 (en) * 1985-05-30 1986-12-10 E.G.O. Elektro-Geräte Blanc u. Fischer Radiant-heating unit

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0377425A1 (en) * 1989-01-04 1990-07-11 COMPAGNIE ROYALE ASTURIENNE DES MINES, Société Anonyme Heating element
BE1002726A3 (en) * 1989-01-04 1991-05-21 Asturienne Mines Comp Royale HEATING ELEMENT.

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