EP0276360B1 - Magnet device with curved coil windings - Google Patents

Magnet device with curved coil windings Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0276360B1
EP0276360B1 EP87111574A EP87111574A EP0276360B1 EP 0276360 B1 EP0276360 B1 EP 0276360B1 EP 87111574 A EP87111574 A EP 87111574A EP 87111574 A EP87111574 A EP 87111574A EP 0276360 B1 EP0276360 B1 EP 0276360B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
winding
magnet device
coil
plane
particle path
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0276360A2 (en
EP0276360A3 (en
Inventor
Helmut Marsing
Andreas Dr. Jahnke
Konrad Meier
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/04—Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F6/00—Superconducting magnets; Superconducting coils
    • H01F6/06—Coils, e.g. winding, insulating, terminating or casing arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/06—Two-beam arrangements; Multi-beam arrangements storage rings; Electron rings

Definitions

  • the accelerator system to be found in the publication mentioned above is a heavy ion accelerator designed as a cyclotron. His magnetic device with an approximately ring-shaped plan has twelve curved, mutually spaced 20 ° sector magnets, the superconducting windings of rectangular conductors are surrounded by an iron yoke. Because the rectangular conductors are accommodated in grooves, undesired conductor displacements can be prevented. In this known accelerator system, the particle beam is led out in the region of accelerator cavities located between the sector magnets.
  • the synchrotron radiation source known from DE-A-35 30 446 also has an electron storage ring of the racetrack type.
  • the synchrotron radiation i.e. the relativistic radiation emission of the electrons, which revolve almost at the speed of light and are kept on the prescribed particle path by deflection in a magnetic field, provides X-rays with parallel radiation characteristics and high intensity.
  • This synchrotron radiation can advantageously be used for an X-ray lithography, which is particularly suitable for the production of integrated circuits for the production of microstructures.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object To design a magnetic device with the features mentioned at the outset in such a way that it enables the use of synchrotron radiation with a high field accuracy of the generated magnetic field.
  • a problem with the design of magnetic devices with high demands on the field accuracy is also the fault-free position of the power supply lines at the conductor ends. Since the disruptive influence decreases with the distance to the particle path, the leads should advantageously leave the windings on the winding heads according to the invention. In this way, the effect of the feed lines is negligible, while the curvature of the entire winding packages upwards or downwards can easily be taken into account in the field design.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows part of a synchrotron radiation source with a magnet device designed according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 each schematically illustrate an embodiment of a partial winding for such a magnetic device.
  • This magnetic device contains on both sides of the equatorial plane E spanned by the particle path 2 and lying in the xy-direction of a right-angled xyz coordinate system E a curved superconducting dipole coil winding 4 or 5 and possibly additional superconducting coil windings such as correction coil windings 6.
  • the superconducting coil windings with convex The outside, concave inside and end windings between these sides are advantageously held in structurally identical upper and lower frame structures 7 and 8, which are to be joined together in the equatorial plane E and thereby a beam guiding chamber 10 enclosing the particle path 2.
  • a dipole field B of sufficient quality is formed within this chamber 10.
  • the chamber 10 goes radially or tangentially outwards into an equatorial outlet chamber 12 which is open on one side and has an outlet opening or mouth 13 for the synchrotron radiation indicated by an arrow 14.
  • the outlet chamber can in particular be slit-shaped, the corresponding slit being able to make up the entire 180 ° arc of the curved particle path section.
  • the individual superconducting dipole coil windings 4 and 5 are located at least with their winding parts defining the convex outside and concave inside in azimuthally circumferential grooves 20 of appropriately designed individual coil formers 15 and 16 made of metal or plastic composite material. These coil formers are fitted into an upper or lower frame piece 17 or 18 of the respective frame structure 7 or 8 and are held perpendicularly to the equatorial xy plane E with screws 19.
  • the winding structure can advantageously take place from the respective slot base of the coil body in the direction of the equatorial plane E or in the opposite direction.
  • a graduated bracket part 21 or 22 secures the exact distances and positions of the respective winding edges to the equatorial plane on the one hand, and on the other hand increases the rigidity of the entire construction with a positive fit with the coil formers 15 and 16 and the frame pieces 17 and 18 radially directed Lorentz forces.
  • the clamp parts 21 and 22 can also compress the individual windings with the aid of screws 23 and 24 and thus conductor movements during the operation of the magnet device 3, which lead to a premature, undesirable transition of the superconducting material into the normal conducting state, ie to a so-called quenching of the windings can prevent.
  • stamp-like pressure strips 27 on the respective slot base are used for this purpose, which are to be pressed against the respective winding parts by means of screws 28.
  • the winding inside the slots can be pressed together vertically from two sides.
  • the windings or parts of them can optionally be cast in the slots.
  • the frame pieces 17 and 18 of the frame structures 7 and 8 are rigidly connected to an upper and lower plate element 31 and 32, respectively. This ensures a very precise positioning of the individual superconducting coil windings 4 to 6 relative to the particle track 2.
  • the upper and lower plate elements 31 and 32 of the frame structures 7 and 8 are braced against ring-like, force-transmitting distributor pieces 34 and 35.
  • the slot-like outlet chamber 12 extends outwards between these distributor pieces.
  • the mutual distance and a force support between the distributor pieces 34 and 35 is ensured by at least one support element 40, which is located radially further outside than the mouth of the outlet opening 13. Since the distributor pieces 34 and 35 form parts of a cold helium housing 42 for receiving liquid helium for cooling the superconducting coil windings within a cryostat, the support element 40 running between them is also at this temperature.
  • the suspension and positioning elements of the magnetic device which are not shown in the figure, can also advantageously be located directly on the distribution pieces within a vacuum housing of the cryostat, which is also not shown 34 and 35 and thus in close proximity to the superconducting coil windings 4 to 6. This brings with it a correspondingly high positioning accuracy of the windings with respect to the particle path.
  • the portion of the synchrotron radiation 14 striking the support element 40 is collected by a radiation absorber 46, which is expediently cooled.
  • Liquid nitrogen is to be regarded as the preferred cryogenic refrigeration medium.
  • each of the coil windings 4 and 5 is made up of a plurality of sub-windings which surround one another in a shell-like manner.
  • three such partial windings each represent a coil winding.
  • One of these partial windings which largely corresponds to the winding of the coil winding 4 designated by 4a in FIG. 1, is illustrated in more detail in FIG. 2 as an oblique view.
  • This partial winding, identified by 4a ist is created from a superconducting rectangular conductor 50, with which so-called "pancakes" 51 are formed from two turns each arranged in a layer next to one another.
  • the rectangular conductor 50 is inserted layer by layer with its broad side in grooves corresponding to the adapted radial expansion.
  • the resulting winding package is then fixed in the grooves, which are not shown in the figure for reasons of clarity.
  • These grooves run in at least one bobbin, also not shown, in such a way that the curved shape of the partial winding 4a ⁇ results with a convex outer side 53 and a concave inner side 54.
  • Two winding heads are formed in the two transition regions between these sides 53 and 54. Of these end windings, only one is shown in the figure and designated 55 ⁇ .
  • the winding head 55 Wick of the partial winding 4a ⁇ is not in a common plane with the the sides 53 and 54 forming curved winding parts 57 and 58.
  • the common plane for the winding parts 57 and 58 is parallel to the plane spanned by the x and y coordinates of the xyz coordinate system according to FIG. 1.
  • the partial winding 4a 'in the region of the winding head 55' is bent up like a saddle relative to this common plane or in the manner of a bed frame, that is, it is led out of this plane.
  • the winding can be bent there so far that it comes to lie in a vertical plane which runs parallel to the plane spanned by the x and z planes of the coordinate system.
  • a relatively small radius of curvature or curvature can advantageously be provided.
  • the two curved winding parts of the partial winding 4a ' are not, as assumed in FIG. 2, to be arranged in a common plane which runs parallel to the plane defined by the particle path.
  • the two curved winding parts should advantageously also lie in two different planes with different distances from the particle path plane.
  • FIG. 3 A corresponding embodiment of the partial winding 4a can be seen in FIG. 3, for which a representation corresponding to FIG. 2 is selected.
  • the partial winding 4a which is only partially implemented in FIG. 3, contains a curved winding part 64 which forms the concave inside 54 and runs in a first plane E1.
  • this plane is, for example, the xy plane of a right-angled xyz coordinate system.
  • a winding part 63 running parallel to this winding part 64 and forming the convex outer side 53 of the partial winding 4a then lies in a parallel second plane E2, which is spaced apart from the plane E1 by a distance d.
  • this distance can be compensated, for example, on the end winding 55 by providing a straight intermediate piece 66 running in the z-direction with a corresponding expansion between curved winding parts.
  • the intermediate piece 66 is the inner one Assign winding part 64 for level compensation with respect to the outer winding part 63.
  • the magnetic device according to the invention can be advantageous according to the exemplary embodiment indicated in FIG. 1 for a synchrotron radiation source with a radial outlet opening for the synchrotron radiation can be designed.
  • the measures according to the invention can also be used just as well for other types of accelerator systems with curved tracks with their electrically charged particles.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Magneteinrichtung für den Gebrauch in einem gekrümmten Abschnitt einer Bahn elektrisch geladener Teilchen einer Beschleunigeranlage, wobei die Magneteinrichtung um eine die Teilchenbahn umgebende Strahlführungskammer angeordnet ist und gekrümmte Spulenwicklungen enthält,

  • welche aus supraleitenden Rechteckleitern aufgebaut sind,
  • welche zumindest mit ihren konvexe Außenseiten und konkave Innenseiten bildenden Wicklungsteilen in Nuten entsprechend geformter Spulenkörper angeordnet sind, wobei die Nuten zumindest annähernd senkrecht zu der durch die Teilchenbahn festgelegten Ebene in die Tiefe gehen,
und
  • welche in Übergangsbereichen an den Wickelköpfen zwischen den Außen- und Innenseiten sattelartig aufgebogen sind.
Eine derartige Magneteinrichtung geht aus der Veröffentlichung "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A", Vol. A244, No. 1/2, Febr. 1986, Seiten 273 bis 282 hervor.The invention relates to a magnetic device for use in a curved section of a path of electrically charged particles of an accelerator system, the magnetic device being arranged around a beam guiding chamber surrounding the particle path and containing curved coil windings.
  • which are made up of superconducting rectangular conductors,
  • which are arranged, at least with their convex outer sides and winding parts forming concave inner sides, in grooves of appropriately shaped coil formers, the grooves going at least approximately perpendicular to the plane defined by the particle path,
and
  • which are bent up like saddles in transition areas on the end windings between the outer and inner sides.
Such a magnetic device is described in the publication "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A", Vol. A244, No. 1/2, Feb. 1986, pages 273 to 282.

Bei der aus der vorstehend genannten Veröffentlichung zu entnehmenden Beschleunigeranlage handelt es sich um einen als Zyklotron ausgebildeten Schwerionenbeschleuniger. Seine Magneteinrichtung mit etwa ringscheibenförmigem Grundriß weist zwölf gekrümmte, untereinander beabstandete 20°-Sektormagnete auf, deren supraleitende Wicklungen aus Rechteckleitern von einem Eisenjoch umgeben sind. Wegen der Unterbringung der Rechteckleiter in Nuten können so unerwünschte Leiterverschiebungen verhindert werden. Bei dieser bekannten Beschleunigeranlage wird der Teilchenstrahl im Bereich von zwischen den Sektormagneten befindlichen Beschleunigerkavitäten herausgeführt.The accelerator system to be found in the publication mentioned above is a heavy ion accelerator designed as a cyclotron. His magnetic device with an approximately ring-shaped plan has twelve curved, mutually spaced 20 ° sector magnets, the superconducting windings of rectangular conductors are surrounded by an iron yoke. Because the rectangular conductors are accommodated in grooves, undesired conductor displacements can be prevented. In this known accelerator system, the particle beam is led out in the region of accelerator cavities located between the sector magnets.

Neben solchen Kreisbeschleunigeranlagen sind ferner solche vom sogenannten Rennbahn-Typ bekannt. Deren Teilchenbahn setzt sich dann aus zwei Halbkreisen mit jeweils einem entsprechenden 180°-Ablenkmagneten und aus zwei geraden Bahnabschnitten zusammen (vgl. "Nucl. Instrum. and Meth.", Vol. 177, 1980, Seiten 411 bis 416, oder Vol. 204, 1982, Seiten 1 bis 20).In addition to such circular accelerator systems, those of the so-called racing track type are also known. Their particle path is then composed of two semicircles, each with a corresponding 180 ° deflection magnet, and of two straight path sections (cf. "Nucl. Instrum. And Meth.", Vol. 177, 1980, pages 411 to 416, or Vol. 204 , 1982, pages 1 to 20).

Auch die aus der DE-A-35 30 446 bekannte Synchrotronstrahlungsquelle weist einen Elektronenspeicherring vom Rennbahn-Typ auf. Die Synchrotronstrahlung, d.h. die relativistische Strahlungsemission der Elektronen, die nahezu mit Lichtgeschwindigkeit umlaufen und durch Ablenken in einem magnetischen Feld auf der vorgeschriebenen Teilchenbahn gehalten werden, liefert eine Röntgenstrahlung mit paralleler Strahlungscharakteristik und großer Intensität. Diese Synchrotronstrahlung kann vorteilhaft für eine Röntgenstrahl-Lithographie verwendet werden, welche insbesondere bei einer Herstellung von integrierten Schaltkreisen zur Erzeugung von Mikrostrukturen geeignet ist.The synchrotron radiation source known from DE-A-35 30 446 also has an electron storage ring of the racetrack type. The synchrotron radiation, i.e. the relativistic radiation emission of the electrons, which revolve almost at the speed of light and are kept on the prescribed particle path by deflection in a magnetic field, provides X-rays with parallel radiation characteristics and high intensity. This synchrotron radiation can advantageously be used for an X-ray lithography, which is particularly suitable for the production of integrated circuits for the production of microstructures.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Magneteinrichtung mit den eingangs genannten Merkmalen dahingehend auszugestalten, daß sie die Nutzung einer Synchrotronstrahlung bei zugleich hoher Feldgenauigkeit des erzeugten Magnetfeldes ermöglicht.The invention is therefore based on the object To design a magnetic device with the features mentioned at the outset in such a way that it enables the use of synchrotron radiation with a high field accuracy of the generated magnetic field.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit den im kennzeichnenden zweiten Teil des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Maßnahmen gelöst.This object is achieved with the measures specified in the characterizing second part of claim 1.

Die mit einer entsprechenden Ausgestaltung der Magneteinrichtung verbundenen Vorteile sind insbesondere darin zu sehen, daß sich aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Beabstandung der einzelnen Wicklungsteile von der Teilchenbahnebene ein Raum ergibt, in dem ohne Beeinträchtigung der Feldhomogenität die Austrittskammer für die Synchrotronstrahlung unterzubringen ist.The advantages associated with a corresponding configuration of the magnetic device are to be seen in particular in the fact that, due to the different spacing of the individual winding parts from the particle path plane, there is a space in which the exit chamber for the synchrotron radiation is to be accommodated without impairing the field homogeneity.

Ein Problem bei der Auslegung von Magneteinrichtungen mit hohen Anforderungen an die Feldgenauigkeit stellt ferner die störungsfreie Lage der Stromzuführungen an den Leiterenden dar. Da der störende Einfluß mit dem Abstand zur Teilchenbahn abnimmt, sollen erfindungsgemäß die Zuleitungen die Wicklungen vorteilhaft an den Wickelköpfen verlassen. Auf diese Weise ist der Effekt der Zuleitungen vernachlässigbar, während sich die Krümmung der gesamten Wickelpakete nach oben bzw. unten bei der Feldgestaltung ohne weiteres berücksichtigen läßt.A problem with the design of magnetic devices with high demands on the field accuracy is also the fault-free position of the power supply lines at the conductor ends. Since the disruptive influence decreases with the distance to the particle path, the leads should advantageously leave the windings on the winding heads according to the invention. In this way, the effect of the feed lines is negligible, while the curvature of the entire winding packages upwards or downwards can easily be taken into account in the field design.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Magneteinrichtung gehen aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen hervor.Advantageous refinements of the magnetic device according to the invention emerge from the dependent claims.

Zur weiteren Erläuterung der Erfindung wird auf die Zeichnung Bezug genommen, deren Figur 1 schematisch einen Teil einer Synchrotronstrahlungsquelle mit einer erfindungsgemäß gestalteten Magneteinrichtung zeigt. In den Figuren 2 und 3 sind je eine Ausführungsform einer Teilwicklung für eine derartige Magneteinrichtung schematisch veranschaulicht.To further explain the invention, reference is made to the drawing, in which FIG. 1 schematically shows part of a synchrotron radiation source with a magnet device designed according to the invention. FIGS. 2 and 3 each schematically illustrate an embodiment of a partial winding for such a magnetic device.

Beim Aufbau der in Figur 1 angedeuteten Strahlungsquelle wird von bekannten Ausführungsformen, insbesondere vom Rennbahn-Typ, ausgegangen (vgl. z.B. DE-C-35 11 282, DE-A-35 30 446 oder die Veröffentlichung des "Institute for Solid State Physics" of the University of Tokyo, Japan, Sept. 1984, Ser. B., No. 21, Seiten 1 bis 29 mit dem Titel: "Superconducting Racetrack Electron Storage Ring and Coexistent Injector Microtron for Synchrotron Radiation"). In der Figur ist ein Querschnitt im Bereich ihrer um 180° gekrümmten Teilchenbahn 2 mit einer entsprechenden erfindungsgemäßen Magneteinrichtung 3 dargestellt. Der Krümmungsradius ist dabei mit R bezeichnet. Diese Magneteinrichtung enthält zu beiden Seiten der durch die Teilchenbahn 2 aufgespannten, in x-y-Richtung eines rechtwinkligen x-y-z-Koordinatensystems liegenden Äquatorialebene E je eine gekrümmte supraleitende Dipolspulenwicklung 4 bzw. 5 und gegebenenfalls noch zusätzliche supraleitende Spulenwicklungen wie z.B. Korrekturspulenwicklungen 6. Die supraleitenden Spulenwicklungen mit konvexer Außenseite, konkaver Innenseite und Wickelköpfen zwischen diesen Seiten werden vorteilhaft in baugleichen oberen und unteren Rahmenstrukturen 7 bzw. 8 gehalten, die in der Äquatorialebene E zusammenzufügen sind und dabei eine die Teilchenbahn 2 umschließende Strahlführungskammer 10 aufnehmen. Innerhalb dieser Kammer 10 ist ein Dipolfeld B hinreichender Qualität ausgebildet. Die Kammer 10 geht radial oder tangential nach außen hin in eine äquatoriale, einseitig offene Austrittskammer 12 mit einer Austrittsöffnung oder -mündung 13 für die durch einen Pfeil 14 angedeutete Synchrotronstrahlung über. Die Austrittskammer kann insbesondere schlitzförmig ausgebildet sein, wobei der entsprechende Schlitz den gesamten 180°-Bogen des gekrümmten Teilchenbahnabschnittes ausmachen kann.Known embodiments, in particular of the racetrack type, are assumed for the construction of the radiation source indicated in FIG. 1 (cf. for example DE-C-35 11 282, DE-A-35 30 446 or the publication of the "Institute for Solid State Physics" of the University of Tokyo, Japan, Sept. 1984, Ser. B., No. 21, pages 1 to 29 with the title: "Superconducting Racetrack Electron Storage Ring and Coexistent Injector Microtron for Synchrotron Radiation"). In the figure, a cross section is shown in the area of their particle path 2 curved by 180 ° with a corresponding magnetic device 3 according to the invention. The radius of curvature is designated R. This magnetic device contains on both sides of the equatorial plane E spanned by the particle path 2 and lying in the xy-direction of a right-angled xyz coordinate system E a curved superconducting dipole coil winding 4 or 5 and possibly additional superconducting coil windings such as correction coil windings 6. The superconducting coil windings with convex The outside, concave inside and end windings between these sides are advantageously held in structurally identical upper and lower frame structures 7 and 8, which are to be joined together in the equatorial plane E and thereby a beam guiding chamber 10 enclosing the particle path 2. A dipole field B of sufficient quality is formed within this chamber 10. The chamber 10 goes radially or tangentially outwards into an equatorial outlet chamber 12 which is open on one side and has an outlet opening or mouth 13 for the synchrotron radiation indicated by an arrow 14. The outlet chamber can in particular be slit-shaped, the corresponding slit being able to make up the entire 180 ° arc of the curved particle path section.

Die einzelnen supraleitenden Dipolspulenwicklungen 4 und 5 befinden sich zumindest mit ihren die konvexe Außenseite und konkave Innenseite festlegenden Wicklungsteilen in azimut umlaufenden Nuten 20 entsprechend ausgebildeter, einzelner Spulenkörper 15 und 16 aus Metall oder Kunststoff-Verbundwerkstoff. Diese Spulenkörper sind in ein oberes bzw. unteres Rahmenstück 17 bzw. 18 der jeweiligen Rahmenstruktur 7 bzw. 8 eingepaßt und werden senkrecht zur äquatorialen x-y-Ebene E mit Schrauben 19 gehalten. Der Wicklungsaufbau kann dabei vorteilhaft von dem jeweiligen Nutengrund des Spulenkörpers in Richtung auf die Äquatorialebene E hin oder auch in umgekehrter Richtung erfolgen. Hierbei sichert je ein abgestuft ausgeführtes Klammerteil 21 bzw. 22 die exakten Abstände und Positionen der jeweiligen Wicklungskanten zur Äquatorialebene einerseits und erhöht andererseits durch einen Formschluß mit den Spulenkörpern 15 bzw. 16 und den Rahmenstücken 17 bzw. 18 die Steifigkeit der gesamten Konstruktion im Hinblick auf radial gerichtete Lorentzkräfte. Die Klammerteile 21 und 22 können außerdem mit Hilfe von Schrauben 23 und 24 die einzelnen Wicklungen verdichten und somit Leiterbewegungen im Betrieb der Magneteinrichtung 3, die zu einem vorzeitigen, unerwünschten Übergang des supraleitenden Materials in den normalleitenden Zustand, d.h. zu einem sogenannten Quenchen der Wicklungen führen können, verhindern. Hierzu dienen insbesondere auch stempelartige Druckleisten 27 am jeweiligen Nutengrund, die über Schrauben 28 gegen die jeweiligen Wicklungsteile zu pressen sind. Auf diese Weise ist die Wicklung innerhalb der Nuten von zwei Seiten vertikal zusammenzupressen. Darüber hinaus können die Wicklungen oder Teile von ihnen gegebenenfalls auch in den Nuten vergossen werden.The individual superconducting dipole coil windings 4 and 5 are located at least with their winding parts defining the convex outside and concave inside in azimuthally circumferential grooves 20 of appropriately designed individual coil formers 15 and 16 made of metal or plastic composite material. These coil formers are fitted into an upper or lower frame piece 17 or 18 of the respective frame structure 7 or 8 and are held perpendicularly to the equatorial xy plane E with screws 19. The winding structure can advantageously take place from the respective slot base of the coil body in the direction of the equatorial plane E or in the opposite direction. Here, a graduated bracket part 21 or 22 secures the exact distances and positions of the respective winding edges to the equatorial plane on the one hand, and on the other hand increases the rigidity of the entire construction with a positive fit with the coil formers 15 and 16 and the frame pieces 17 and 18 radially directed Lorentz forces. The clamp parts 21 and 22 can also compress the individual windings with the aid of screws 23 and 24 and thus conductor movements during the operation of the magnet device 3, which lead to a premature, undesirable transition of the superconducting material into the normal conducting state, ie to a so-called quenching of the windings can prevent. In particular, stamp-like pressure strips 27 on the respective slot base are used for this purpose, which are to be pressed against the respective winding parts by means of screws 28. In this way the winding inside the slots can be pressed together vertically from two sides. About that In addition, the windings or parts of them can optionally be cast in the slots.

Die Rahmenstücke 17 und 18 der Rahmenstrukturen 7 und 8 sind starr mit einem oberen bzw. unteren Plattenelement 31 bzw. 32 verbunden. Es ist so eine sehr genaue Positionierung der einzelnen supraleitenden Spulenwicklungen 4 bis 6 zur Teilchenbahn 2 gewährleistet. Am peripheren Außenrand der Magneteinrichtung 3 im Bereich der schlitzförmigen Austrittsöffnung 13 für die Synchrotronstrahlung 14 sind die oberen und unteren Plattenelemente 31 und 32 der Rahmenstrukturen 7 bzw. 8 gegen ringartige, kraftübertragende Verteilerstücke 34 und 35 verspannt. Zwischen diesen Verteilerstücken hindurch erstreckt sich die schlitzartige Austrittskammer 12 nach außen hin. Dabei ist der gegenseitige Abstand und eine Kraftabstützung zwischen den Verteilerstücken 34 und 35 über mindestens ein Stützelement 40 gewährleistet, das sich radial weiter außen als die Mündung der Austrittsöffnung 13 befindet. Da die Verteilerstücke 34 und 35 innerhalb eines Kryostaten Teile eines kalten Heliumgehäuses 42 zur Aufnahme von flüssigem Helium zur Kühlung der supraleitenden Spulenwicklungen darstellen, befindet sich auch das zwischen ihnen verlaufende Stützelement 40 etwa auf dieser Temperatur.The frame pieces 17 and 18 of the frame structures 7 and 8 are rigidly connected to an upper and lower plate element 31 and 32, respectively. This ensures a very precise positioning of the individual superconducting coil windings 4 to 6 relative to the particle track 2. At the peripheral outer edge of the magnet device 3 in the area of the slot-shaped outlet opening 13 for the synchrotron radiation 14, the upper and lower plate elements 31 and 32 of the frame structures 7 and 8 are braced against ring-like, force-transmitting distributor pieces 34 and 35. The slot-like outlet chamber 12 extends outwards between these distributor pieces. The mutual distance and a force support between the distributor pieces 34 and 35 is ensured by at least one support element 40, which is located radially further outside than the mouth of the outlet opening 13. Since the distributor pieces 34 and 35 form parts of a cold helium housing 42 for receiving liquid helium for cooling the superconducting coil windings within a cryostat, the support element 40 running between them is also at this temperature.

Mit den Rahmenstrukturen 7 und 8, den Verteilerstücken 34 und 35 sowie dem mindestens einen Stützelement 40 ist somit eine verhältnismäßig einfache und sichere Abstützung und Halterung der zu beiden Seiten der Äquatorialebene E liegenden supraleitenden Spulenwicklungen zu gewährleisten.With the frame structures 7 and 8, the distributor pieces 34 and 35 and the at least one support element 40, a relatively simple and safe support and mounting of the superconducting coil windings lying on both sides of the equatorial plane E can thus be ensured.

Mit dieser Konstruktion können außerdem vorteilhaft die in der Figur nicht ausgeführten Aufhängungs- und Positionierelemente der Magneteinrichtung innerhalb eines ebenfalls nicht dargestellten Vakuumgehäuses des Kryostaten direkt an den Verteilungsstücken 34 und 35 und damit in unmittelbarer Nähe zu den supraleitenden Spulenwicklungen 4 bis 6 ansetzen. Dies bringt eine entsprechend hohe Positioniergenauigkeit der Wicklungen hinsichtlich der Teilchenbahn mit sich.With this construction, the suspension and positioning elements of the magnetic device, which are not shown in the figure, can also advantageously be located directly on the distribution pieces within a vacuum housing of the cryostat, which is also not shown 34 and 35 and thus in close proximity to the superconducting coil windings 4 to 6. This brings with it a correspondingly high positioning accuracy of the windings with respect to the particle path.

Der auf das Stützelement 40 auftreffende Anteil der Synchrotronstrahlung 14 wird von einem Strahlungsabsorber 46 aufgefangen, der zweckmäßig gekühlt wird. Als bevorzugtes kryogenes Kältemedium ist hierzu flüssiger Stickstoff anzusehen.The portion of the synchrotron radiation 14 striking the support element 40 is collected by a radiation absorber 46, which is expediently cooled. Liquid nitrogen is to be regarded as the preferred cryogenic refrigeration medium.

Im allgemeinen ist jede der Spulenwicklungen 4 und 5 aus mehreren Teilwicklungen aufgebaut, die sich gegenseitig schalenförmig umschließen. Gemäß dem in Figur 1 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel stellen drei solcher Teilwicklungen jeweils eine Spulenwicklung dar. Eine dieser Teilwicklungen, die der in Figur 1 mit 4a bezeichneten Wicklung der Spulenwicklung 4 weitgehend entspricht, ist in Figur 2 als Schrägansicht näher veranschaulicht. Diese mit 4aʹ gekennzeichnete Teilwicklung ist aus einem supraleitenden Rechteckleiter 50 erstellt, mit dem sogenannte "Pancakes" 51 aus jeweils zwei in einer Lage nebeneinander angeordneten Windungen ausgebildet sind. Hierzu wird der Rechteckleiter 50 mit seiner Breitseite in Nuten entsprechend angepaßter radialer Ausdehnung Lage für Lage eingelegt. Das so entstandene Wickelpaket wird dann in den Nuten, welche in der Figur aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit nicht dargestellt sind, fixiert. Diese Nuten verlaufen dabei in mindestens einem ebenfalls nicht eingezeichneten Spulenkörper derart, daß sich die gekrümmte Form der Teilwicklung 4aʹ mit einer konvexen Außenseite 53 und einer konkaven Innenseite 54 ergibt. In den beiden Übergangsbereichen zwischen diesen Seiten 53 und 54 sind zwei Wickelköpfe ausgebildet. Von diesen Wickelköpfen ist in der Figur nur einer ausgeführt und mit 55ʹ bezeichnet.In general, each of the coil windings 4 and 5 is made up of a plurality of sub-windings which surround one another in a shell-like manner. According to the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, three such partial windings each represent a coil winding. One of these partial windings, which largely corresponds to the winding of the coil winding 4 designated by 4a in FIG. 1, is illustrated in more detail in FIG. 2 as an oblique view. This partial winding, identified by 4a ist, is created from a superconducting rectangular conductor 50, with which so-called "pancakes" 51 are formed from two turns each arranged in a layer next to one another. For this purpose, the rectangular conductor 50 is inserted layer by layer with its broad side in grooves corresponding to the adapted radial expansion. The resulting winding package is then fixed in the grooves, which are not shown in the figure for reasons of clarity. These grooves run in at least one bobbin, also not shown, in such a way that the curved shape of the partial winding 4aʹ results with a convex outer side 53 and a concave inner side 54. Two winding heads are formed in the two transition regions between these sides 53 and 54. Of these end windings, only one is shown in the figure and designated 55ʹ.

Wie aus Figur 2 deutlich hervorgeht, liegt der Wickelkopf 55ʹ der Teilwicklung 4aʹ nicht in einer gemeinsamen Ebene mit den die Seiten 53 und 54 bildenden, gekrümmten Wicklungsteilen 57 und 58. Die für die Wicklungsteile 57 und 58 gemeinsame Ebene liegt dabei parallel zu der durch die x- und y-Koordinaten des x-y-z-Koordinatensystems nach Figur 1 aufgespannten Ebene. Vielmehr ist erfindungsgemäß die Teilwicklung 4a' im Bereich des Wickelkopfes 55' gegenüber dieser gemeinsamen Ebene sattelartig bzw. nach Art eines Bettgestells aufgebogen, d.h. aus dieser Ebene herausgeführt. Insbesondere kann dort die Wicklung soweit aufgebogen sein, daß sie in eine vertikale Ebene zu liegen kommt, die parallel zu der durch die x- und z-Ebene des Koordinatensystems aufgespannten Ebene verläuft. Dabei kann vorteilhaft ein verhältnismäßig kleiner Biege- oder Krümmungsradius vorgesehen werden. Mit diesem Aufbiegen der Teilwicklung 4a' an dem Wickelkopf 55' wird nicht nur der Einfluß von eventuellen Leiterbewegungen auf die Feldhomogenität reduziert; vielmehr wird auch ein störender Einfluß der Leiterenden der Wicklung bzw. ihrer Stromzuführungen aufgrund des entsprechend größeren Abstandes zur Teilchenbahn vermindert. In der Figur sind der Wicklungsanfang und das Wicklungsende an dem Wickelkopf 55' mit 60 bzw. 61 bezeichnet.As clearly shown in Figure 2, the winding head 55 Wick of the partial winding 4aʹ is not in a common plane with the the sides 53 and 54 forming curved winding parts 57 and 58. The common plane for the winding parts 57 and 58 is parallel to the plane spanned by the x and y coordinates of the xyz coordinate system according to FIG. 1. Rather, according to the invention, the partial winding 4a 'in the region of the winding head 55' is bent up like a saddle relative to this common plane or in the manner of a bed frame, that is, it is led out of this plane. In particular, the winding can be bent there so far that it comes to lie in a vertical plane which runs parallel to the plane spanned by the x and z planes of the coordinate system. A relatively small radius of curvature or curvature can advantageously be provided. With this bending of the partial winding 4a 'on the winding head 55', not only is the influence of possible conductor movements on the field homogeneity reduced; Rather, a disruptive influence of the conductor ends of the winding or its power supply lines is reduced due to the correspondingly greater distance from the particle path. In the figure, the winding start and the winding end on winding head 55 'are designated 60 and 61, respectively.

Bei dem vorstehend erläuterten Ausführungsbeispiel wurde davon ausgegangen, daß die supraleitenden Spulenwicklungen 4 und 5 nur mit ihren in einer Ebene liegenden Wicklungsteilen 57 und 58 innerhalb von Nuten einzelner Spulenkörper verlaufen, während an den Wickelköpfen 55' keine Nuten vorgesehen sind. Selbstverständlich ist es jedoch auch möglich, für diese Teile der Wicklungen entsprechend geformte Nuten auszubilden, wie sie z.B. für nicht-gekrümmte, sattelartige Magnetspulen an sich bekannt sind (vgl. z.B. die DE-C-1 514 445).In the exemplary embodiment explained above, it was assumed that the superconducting coil windings 4 and 5 only run with their winding parts 57 and 58 lying in one plane within slots of individual coil formers, while no slots are provided on the winding overhangs 55 '. Of course, it is also possible, however, to design appropriately shaped slots for these parts of the windings, such as, for example, for non-curved, saddle-like magnetic coils are known per se (see, for example, DE-C-1 514 445).

Außerdem sind erfindungsgemäß die beiden gekrümmten Wicklungsteile der Teilwicklung 4a' nicht, wie in Figur 2 angenommen, in einer gemeinsamen Ebene, die parallel zu der durch die Teilchenbahn festgelegten Ebene verläuft, anzuordnen. Wie nämlich bereits aus Figur 1 deutlich hervorgeht, sollen vorteilhaft die beiden gekrümmten Wicklungsteile auch in zwei verschiedene Ebenen mit verschiedenen Abständen zur Teilchenbahnebene zu liegen kommen. Eine entsprechende Ausführungsform der Teilwicklung 4a ist aus Figur 3 ersichtlich, für die eine Figur 2 entsprechende Darstellung gewählt ist.In addition, according to the invention, the two curved winding parts of the partial winding 4a 'are not, as assumed in FIG. 2, to be arranged in a common plane which runs parallel to the plane defined by the particle path. As can be seen clearly from FIG. 1, the two curved winding parts should advantageously also lie in two different planes with different distances from the particle path plane. A corresponding embodiment of the partial winding 4a can be seen in FIG. 3, for which a representation corresponding to FIG. 2 is selected.

Dementsprechend enthält die in Figur 3 nur teilweise ausgeführte Teilwicklung 4a einen die konkave Innenseite 54 bildenden, gekrümmten Wicklungsteil 64, der in einer ersten Ebene E1 verläuft. Bei dieser Ebene handelt es sich gemäß der Darstellung der Figur beispielsweise um die x-y-Ebene eines rechtwinkligen x-y-z-Koordinatensystems. Ein zu diesem Wicklungsteil 64 parallel verlaufender, die konvexe Außenseite 53 der Teilwicklung 4a bildender Wicklungsteil 63 liegt dann in einer parallelen zweiten Ebene E2, die gegenüber der Ebene E1 um eine Distanz d beabstandet ist. Innerhalb der Teilwicklung 4a kann diese Distanz beispielsweise am Wickelkopf 55 dadurch ausgeglichen werden, daß man ein in z-Richtung verlaufendes, gerades Zwischenstück 66 mit entsprechender Ausdehnung zwischen gekrümmten Wicklungsteilen vorsieht. Gemäß dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Zwischenstück 66 dem inneren Wicklungsteil 64 zum Niveauausgleich gegenüber dem äußeren Wicklungsteil 63 zuzuordnen. Durch geeignete Wahl unterschiedlicher Abstände des inneren und äußeren Wicklungsteils 64 bzw. 63 gegenüber der Teilchenbahnebene ist es dann gegebenenfalls sogar möglich, daß auf eine besondere Gradientenspule, wie sie z.B. gemäß der DE-A-35 30 446 vorgesehen ist, verzichtet werden kann.Accordingly, the partial winding 4a, which is only partially implemented in FIG. 3, contains a curved winding part 64 which forms the concave inside 54 and runs in a first plane E1. According to the representation of the figure, this plane is, for example, the xy plane of a right-angled xyz coordinate system. A winding part 63 running parallel to this winding part 64 and forming the convex outer side 53 of the partial winding 4a then lies in a parallel second plane E2, which is spaced apart from the plane E1 by a distance d. Within the partial winding 4a, this distance can be compensated, for example, on the end winding 55 by providing a straight intermediate piece 66 running in the z-direction with a corresponding expansion between curved winding parts. According to the illustrated embodiment, the intermediate piece 66 is the inner one Assign winding part 64 for level compensation with respect to the outer winding part 63. By a suitable choice of different distances between the inner and outer winding part 64 or 63 with respect to the particle path plane, it is then possibly even possible to dispense with a special gradient coil, such as is provided for example in DE-A-35 30 446.

Die erfindungsgemäße Magneteinrichtung kann zwar vorteilhaft gemäß dem in Figur 1 angedeuteten Ausführungsbeispiel für eine Synchrotronstrahlungsquelle mit radialer Austrittsöffnung für die Synchrotronstrahlung konzipiert werden. Die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen lassen sich jedoch ebensogut auch für andere Typen von Beschleunigeranlagen mit gekrümmten Bahnen ihre elektrisch geladenen Teilchen einsetzen.The magnetic device according to the invention can be advantageous according to the exemplary embodiment indicated in FIG. 1 for a synchrotron radiation source with a radial outlet opening for the synchrotron radiation can be designed. However, the measures according to the invention can also be used just as well for other types of accelerator systems with curved tracks with their electrically charged particles.

Claims (6)

  1. Magnet device (3) for use in a curved section of a path (2) of electrically charged particles of an accelerator installation, wherein the magnet device (3) is arranged about a beam-control chamber (10) surrounding the particle path (2) and contains curved coil windings (4, 4a, 5),
    - which are constructed from superconductive rectangular conductors (50),
    - which are arranged at least with their winding parts (63 and 64) forming convex outer sides (53) and concave inner sides (54) in grooves (20) of appropriately formed coil bodies (15, 16), wherein the grooves (20) extend inwardly at least approximately perpendicular to the plane (E) fixed by the particle path (2),
    and
    - which are bent upward in transition regions on the winding heads (55) between the outer and inner sides (53 and 54) in a saddle-like manner,
    characterized in that the beam-control chamber (10) in the curved section of the particle path (2) passes over into an exit chamber (12) for a synchrotron beam (14), in that the winding parts (63) forming the convex outer sides (53) compared with the winding parts (64) forming the concave inner sides (54) have differing distances to the plane of the particle path (E), and in that the winding start (60) and the winding end (61) of each coil winding (4, 4a, 5) is placed into the region of its respective winding head (55).
  2. Magnet device according to claim 1, characterized in that the grooves (20) in the coil bodies (15, 16) also locate the regions of the winding heads (55).
  3. Magnet device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coil bodies (15, 16) are rigidly fastened in at least one frame structure (7, 8) of the magnet device (3).
  4. Magnet device according to claim 3, characterized in that two frame structures (7, 8) are provided which have the same construction at least to a large extent and which are to be joined together in the plane of the particle path (E).
  5. Magnet device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that devices for the mechanical fixing of the coil windings (4, 5) in the grooves (20) are provided.
  6. Magnet device according to claim 5, characterized in that on the groove base of each groove (20) at least one pressure pad (27) is arranged, with which the respective coil winding (4, 5) is to be pressed against at least one bracket part (21, 22) closing the groove opening.
EP87111574A 1987-01-28 1987-08-10 Magnet device with curved coil windings Expired - Lifetime EP0276360B1 (en)

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DE3702389 1987-01-28
DE3702389 1987-01-28

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EP0276360A2 (en) 1988-08-03
EP0276360A3 (en) 1989-07-26
US4769623A (en) 1988-09-06
JPS63188908A (en) 1988-08-04

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