EP0191392B1 - Magnetic field-generating device - Google Patents

Magnetic field-generating device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0191392B1
EP0191392B1 EP86101356A EP86101356A EP0191392B1 EP 0191392 B1 EP0191392 B1 EP 0191392B1 EP 86101356 A EP86101356 A EP 86101356A EP 86101356 A EP86101356 A EP 86101356A EP 0191392 B1 EP0191392 B1 EP 0191392B1
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Prior art keywords
useful volume
equipment according
shaped
magnetic field
field
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0191392A3 (en
EP0191392A2 (en
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Günter Dr. Ries
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/20—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets without armatures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
    • G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
    • G21K1/08—Deviation, concentration or focusing of the beam by electric or magnetic means
    • G21K1/093—Deviation, concentration or focusing of the beam by electric or magnetic means by magnetic means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/04—Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for generating a magnetic field with a spatially predetermined Feidvenauf in a useful volume, which is provided with bodies made of ferromagnetic material influencing the course of the field.
  • a device for generating a magnetic field with a spatially predetermined Feidvenauf in a useful volume, which is provided with bodies made of ferromagnetic material influencing the course of the field.
  • Such a device is e.g. from DE-OS 25 26 845.
  • a number of field-distorting sources of interference can become important, so that the field error limits to be observed may then be exceeded.
  • the cause of undesired field lashings due to external field disturbances such as to think of the earth's field or magnetized objects.
  • eddy currents in metallic parts of the magnet itself or in the conductor can lead to corresponding disturbances.
  • Superconducting shielding currents in the filaments of a superconducting winding or the residual magnetization in an iron yoke also represent such sources of interference.
  • the fields of magnetizable, i.e. Para-, ferri- or ferromagnetic parts of a magnetic device can be the cause of field distortions.
  • current-fed compensation windings can be provided, which are often attached as a set of cylindrical multipole coils around the predetermined useful volume. These coils are fed by power supply units in such a way that the field error previously measured is compensated for during operation.
  • a sextupole correction coil in a superconducting deflection magnet from the publication "Proc. 1972 Applied Supercond. Conf.”, Annapolis (USA), pages 293 to 299.
  • a magnetic device for generating inhomogeneous magnetic fields is known from the DE-OS mentioned at the outset, as it is e.g. is to be used for magnetic ore separators.
  • This magnet device has superconducting magnet coils in order to produce the forces dependent on the product B grade B on the particles to be separated.
  • bodies made of ferromagnetic material are provided in the known device in zones with a higher field strength.
  • the object of the present invention is now to provide a magnetic field generating device of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which a spatially predetermined field profile with only small field errors can be ensured in a simple manner in a useful volume.
  • At least one thin plate-shaped body of predetermined geometric extension made of a material with high permeability is provided outside and on opposite sides of the useful volume, the surface facing the useful volume is shaped and arranged so that it is on a magnetic aquipotential surface of the magnetic field to be generated comes to rest in the usable volume.
  • the advantages associated with this configuration of the magnetic field generating device are to be seen in particular in that magnetic interference field fluxes within the plate-shaped bodies are compensated for and only the total flow penetrating the useful volume is predetermined by the magnetic field generating devices to be arranged outside the useful volume.
  • the expansion of the plate-shaped body is expediently chosen to be so large, depending on the spatial conditions, that interference fields can only reach into the usable volume from the edges in a strongly damped manner.
  • the influence of such interference fields on the magnetic field to be generated in the useful volume can advantageously be prevented, in particular when using superconducting magnets, by providing a planar, lattice-like or net-like structure of predetermined dimensions with wire or ribbon-shaped superconductors outside and on opposite sides of the useful volume , each structure being shaped and arranged so that it follows the field lines of the magnetic field to be generated in the useful volume, and wherein the superconductors are aligned perpendicular to the field lines and are connected at least in their ends to electrically conductive parts running in the direction of the field lines.
  • This network-like structure can then be used to prevent temporal changes in an interference field component perpendicular to the network level from penetrating into the useful volume by automatically inducing appropriate shielding currents in the wire or ribbon-shaped superconductors.
  • FIG. 1 shows a magnetic field generating device according to the invention.
  • Such a magnetic field generating device is indicated in FIG. 2 as part of an electron accelerator system.
  • Corresponding parts in the figures are provided with the same reference numerals.
  • a cross section through a magnetic field generating device is illustrated schematically, as it is e.g. can be provided for an electron storage ring.
  • the dipole magnet required for this is also curved due to the curved particle path and can in particular be bent in a semicircular shape (cf. e.g. the publication "IEEE Trans.Nuci.Sci.”). Because of the required high field strengths, its windings are preferably made with superconducting material.
  • the magnetic device should be able to generate a dipole magnetic field B of predetermined strength and with a predetermined course of its field lines in a useful volume V around the beam guidance axis A.
  • the device has a dipole winding 3 or 4, each with a main winding 3a and a secondary winding 3b or 4a and 4b, on both sides of the beam guide plane 2 containing the beam guide axis A and symmetrically to this plane.
  • These windings are used to generate the dipole field B, which is illustrated in the figure by its arrowed field lines labeled 5 and by a few equipotential lines 6a to 6e and 6'a to 6'e shown in broken lines.
  • a surface section is determined, which represents a magnetic equipotential surface of the desired field.
  • the equipotential surfaces 6d and 6d ' are selected.
  • Each of these surface sections is covered with a thin plate-shaped body 7 or 8 made of a material with a preferably high permeability.
  • These plate-shaped bodies 7 and 8 can be, for example, corresponding ferromagnetic sheets.
  • the relative permeability ⁇ r of these sheets should be at least 1500, preferably at least 2000. Ni-rich NiFe alloys such as permalloy alloys, for example, meet this condition.
  • the surface F or F 'of these sheets facing the useful volume V should therefore be shaped and arranged in such a way that it comes to rest on a magnetic equipotential surface of the magnetic field to be generated in the useful volume, for example on the surface 6d or 6'd .
  • the plates 7 and 8 should expediently be attached in the vicinity of the useful volume V. Their smallest distance e from the useful volume V is preferably smaller than the corresponding extension a of the useful volume in this direction.
  • the geometric extension of the surface sections to be covered with the metal sheets 7 and 8 is advantageously selected such that at least largely the field lines 5 of the field B penetrating the useful volume V pass through these surface sections.
  • the extent 1 of the sheets would have to be selected to be relatively large transverse to the beam guide axis A, i.e. e.g. correspond at least to the sum of the extent c of the useful volume V in this transverse direction and of the mean distance s between the sheets running through the beam guide axis A.
  • Such a size of the extent 1 is sometimes not practically possible due to the arrangement of the individual windings.
  • additional areal, lattice-like or net-like structures of predetermined dimensions can advantageously be provided with wire or ribbon-shaped superconductors can be provided on the open sides of the useful volume V.
  • Each of these net-like structures designated 10 and 11 in the figure, is shaped and arranged in such a way that it follows the field lines 5 of the magnetic field B to be generated in the useful volume V.
  • These structures 10 and 1 advantageously extend right up to the sheets 7 and 8 without, however, touching them.
  • the superconductors of these structures, denoted by 12 are arranged parallel to one another and run perpendicular to the field lines 5 of the magnetic field B.
  • the field shaping or shielding measures shown in FIG. 1 thus consist, viewed in cross-section, of a quadrilateral surrounding the useful cross-section, two opposite sides made of ferromagnetic sheets 7 and 8 and the other two sides each with a net-like structure 10 and 11, respectively Superconductors 12 be formed. All four sides are electrically isolated from each other. In order to avoid eddy currents in the ferromagnetic sheets 7 and 8, these can optionally be slotted or provided with other suitable measures. At the corners formed between a sheet and a net-like structure, the outline contours are perpendicular to one another. If a homogeneous field is required, the sheets and the structures form a rectangle with parallel sides.
  • the sides each form two segments of hyperbole groups orthogonal to one another.
  • they can also be approximated with good approximation by two flat ferromagnetic plates with an angle of inclination to one another and by two nets on circular segments.
  • Such a case is taken as a basis for the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, with a negative field gradient was accepted.
  • the angle of inclination a of the sheets 7 and 8 with respect to the beam guidance plane 2 is approximately 3 ° .
  • the network-like structure 11 can also be provided with a lateral opening 15 in order to allow the synchrotron radiation emitted in the region of the curved particle path to emerge unhindered.
  • FIG. 2 an oblique view of a curved dipole deflection magnet of an electron accelerator system is shown schematically in a partially broken illustration.
  • This magnet has two large curved dipole windings 20 and 21, which are arranged parallel to one another on both sides of an electron beam tube 22 running along the beam guide axis A.
  • an additional gradient winding 23 along the curved inside of the magnet or the electron beam tube 22 there is an additional gradient winding 23. Since the conductors of these windings 20, 21 and 23 consist of superconducting material, the beam chamber 24, which accommodates these windings and is divided into two, for the purpose of leading out the synchronous radiation provided with a corresponding helium housing 25.
  • a ferromagnetic sheet 7 or 8 with the curvature of the tube 22 is arranged above and below the electron beam tube 22. Between the inner edges and the outer edges of these sheets there is a net-like structure 10 or 11 with superconducting wires 12. With these sheets 7 and 8 and the net-like structures 10 and 11, the cross-section of which is shown in FIG Interference fields are shielded by eddy current effects and the residual magnetization of the superconductor of the windings. The interference field shielding here follows the curved particle path over the entire magnet length and is only open at its ends.
  • the cross-sectional dimensions are, for example, 9 x 9 cm 2 .
  • the magnetic walls consist of, for example, 0.5 to 1 mm thick y-metal.
  • the net-like structures 10 and 11 each have at least three superconducting multifilament wires, which are connected every 10 cm by vertically running copper wires and at their ends by copper strips.
  • the UR time constant ⁇ of these structures can be much larger than the pulse rise time.
  • the field shaping or shielding measures according to the invention are particularly effective in small fields and high field change speeds.
  • the measures described are largely ineffective since the highly permeable material is saturated or the shielding currents induced in the wires become small.
  • the main windings of the magnetic device alone take over the field formation in a known manner.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Einrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Magnetfeldes mit räumlich vorgegebenem Feidvenauf in einem Nutzvolumen, welche mit den Feldverlauf beeinflussenden Körpern aus ferromagnetischem Material versehen ist. Eine derartige Einrichtung geht z.B. aus DE-OS 25 26 845 hervor.The invention relates to a device for generating a magnetic field with a spatially predetermined Feidvenauf in a useful volume, which is provided with bodies made of ferromagnetic material influencing the course of the field. Such a device is e.g. from DE-OS 25 26 845.

In Einrichtungen, mit denen Magnetfelder zu erzeugen sind, ist häufig ein räumlich vorgegebener Feldverlauf in einem Nutzvolumen mit nur geringen Abweichungen einzuhalten. Dies trifft z.B. für Teilchenbeschleuniger-Anlagen zu, bei denen Ablenkeinrichtungen für geladene Teilchen wie z.B. Elektronen aufgrund ihrer gekrümmten Teilchenbahnen entsprechend gekrümmte Dipolmagnete aufweisen (vgl. z.B. "IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science", vol. NS-30, no. 4, August 1983, Seiten 2531 bis 2533). Der vorgegebene Feldverlauf wird dabei im allgemeinen durch geeignete Formgebung und Dimensionierung der stromdurchflossenen Wicklungen oder auch durch ferromagnetische Polschuhe erzeugt.In facilities with which magnetic fields are to be generated, a spatially predetermined field course in a useful volume with only slight deviations is often to be observed. This applies e.g. for particle accelerator systems in which deflection devices for charged particles such as e.g. Electrons have correspondingly curved dipole magnets due to their curved particle paths (see, for example, "IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science", vol. NS-30, no. 4, August 1983, pages 2531 to 2533). The specified field profile is generally generated by suitable shaping and dimensioning of the windings through which current flows or also by ferromagnetic pole shoes.

Bei niedrigen Magnetfeldstärken oder bei hohen Feldänderungsgeschwindigkeiten kann eine Reihe von feldverzerrenden Störquellen Bedeutung gewinnen, so daß dann die einzuhaltenden Feldfehlerschranken gegebenenfalls überschritten werden. So ist als Ursache unerwünschter Feldverzurrungen an externe Feldstörungen wie z.B. das Erdfeld oder magnetisierte Objekte zu denken. Daneben können auch Wirbelströme in metallischen Teilen des Magneten selbst bzw. in dem Leiter zu entsprechenden Störungen führen. Auch supraleitende Abschirmströme in den Filamenten einer supraleitenden Wicklung oder die Restmagnetisierung in einem Eisenjoch stellen derartige Störquellen dar. Schließlich können auch die Felder von magnetisierbaren, d.h. para-, ferri- bzw. ferromagnetischen Teilen einer Magneteinrichtung Ursache für Feldverzerrungen sein.At low magnetic field strengths or at high field change speeds, a number of field-distorting sources of interference can become important, so that the field error limits to be observed may then be exceeded. The cause of undesired field lashings due to external field disturbances such as to think of the earth's field or magnetized objects. In addition, eddy currents in metallic parts of the magnet itself or in the conductor can lead to corresponding disturbances. Superconducting shielding currents in the filaments of a superconducting winding or the residual magnetization in an iron yoke also represent such sources of interference. Finally, the fields of magnetizable, i.e. Para-, ferri- or ferromagnetic parts of a magnetic device can be the cause of field distortions.

Zur Kompensation derartiger Feldverzerrungen lassen sich beispielsweise stromgespeiste Kompensationswicklungen vorsehen, die vielfach als Satz zylindrischer Multipolspulen um das vorbestimmte Nutzvolumen angebracht werden. Diese Spulen werden von Netzgeräten so gespeist, daß der vorher gemessene Feldfehler im Betrieb kompensiert wird. So ist z.B. eine Sextupolkorrekturspule in einem supraleitenden Ablenkmagneten aus der Veröffentlichung "Proc. 1972 Applied Supercond. Conf.", Annapolis (USA), Seiten 293 bis 299 bekannt.To compensate for such field distortions, for example, current-fed compensation windings can be provided, which are often attached as a set of cylindrical multipole coils around the predetermined useful volume. These coils are fed by power supply units in such a way that the field error previously measured is compensated for during operation. For example, discloses a sextupole correction coil in a superconducting deflection magnet from the publication "Proc. 1972 Applied Supercond. Conf.", Annapolis (USA), pages 293 to 299.

Auch bei der aus der Veröffentlichung "Proc. 8th Int. Conf. on High-Energy Accelerators-CERN 1971 ", Genf (CH), 1971, Seiten 177 bis 182 ist die Kompensation von Feldverzerrungen bei einer supraleitenden, kurzgeschlossenen Multipolspule vorgesehen. Hierzu induziert der unerwünschte Multipolfehler beim Hochfahren des Magnetfeldes selbsttätig den für eine Kompensationsspule benötigten Spulenstrom, welcher dann diese Komponente im Nutzvolumen weitgehend kompensiert. Dabei ist jedoch für jeden Multipol eine getrennte Spule erforderlich.Compensation of field distortions in a superconducting, short-circuited multipole coil is also provided in the publication "Proc. 8th International Conf. On High-Energy Accelerators-CERN 1971", Geneva (CH), 1971, pages 177 to 182. For this purpose, the undesired multipole error automatically induces the coil current required for a compensation coil when the magnetic field is ramped up, which then largely compensates for this component in the useful volume. However, a separate coil is required for each multipole.

Aus der eingangs genannten DE-OS ist eine Magneteinrichtung zur Erzeugung inhomogener Magnetfelder bekannt, wie sie z.B. für magnetische Erzscheider zu verwenden ist. Diese Magneteinrichtung weist supraleitende Magnetspulen auf, um die vom Produkt B grad B abhängigen Kräfte auf die abzuscheidenden Teilchen hervorzurufen. Um ein möglichst hohes Produkt B grad B zu erzeugen, sind bei der bekannten Einrichtung in Zonen mit höherer Feldstärke Körper aus ferromagnetischem Material vorgesehen.A magnetic device for generating inhomogeneous magnetic fields is known from the DE-OS mentioned at the outset, as it is e.g. is to be used for magnetic ore separators. This magnet device has superconducting magnet coils in order to produce the forces dependent on the product B grade B on the particles to be separated. In order to produce the highest possible product B grade B, bodies made of ferromagnetic material are provided in the known device in zones with a higher field strength.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es nun, eine magnetfelderzeugende Einrichtung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, bei der auf einfache Weise in einem Nutzvolumen ein räumlich vorgegebener Feldverlauf mit nur geringen Feldfehlern zu gewährleisten ist.The object of the present invention is now to provide a magnetic field generating device of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which a spatially predetermined field profile with only small field errors can be ensured in a simple manner in a useful volume.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß außerhalb und auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Nutzvolumens jeweils mindestens ein dünner plattenförmiger Körper vorbestimmter geometrischer Ausdehnung aus einem Material mit hoher Permeabilität vorgesehen ist, dessen dem Nutzvolumen zugewandte Oberfläche so geformt und angeordnet ist, daß diese auf einer magnetischen Aquipotentialfläche des in dem Nutzvolumen zu erzeugenden Magnetfeldes zu liegen kommt.This object is achieved in that at least one thin plate-shaped body of predetermined geometric extension made of a material with high permeability is provided outside and on opposite sides of the useful volume, the surface facing the useful volume is shaped and arranged so that it is on a magnetic aquipotential surface of the magnetic field to be generated comes to rest in the usable volume.

Die mit dieser Ausgestaltung der magnetfelderzeugenden Einrichtung verbundenen Vorteile sind insbesondere darin zu sehen, daß magnetische Störfeldflüsse innerhalb der plattenförmigen Körper ausgegelichen werden und nur noch der das Nutzvolumen durchsetzende Gesamtfluß von den außerhalb des Nutzvolumens anzuordnenden magnetfelderzeugenden Einrichtungen vorgegeben ist. Die Ausdehnung der plattenförmigen Körper wird dabei in Abhängigkeit von den räumlichen Gegebenheiten zweckmäßigerweise so groß gewählt, daß von den Rändern her Störfelder nur noch stark gedämpft in das Nutzvolumen durchgreifen können.The advantages associated with this configuration of the magnetic field generating device are to be seen in particular in that magnetic interference field fluxes within the plate-shaped bodies are compensated for and only the total flow penetrating the useful volume is predetermined by the magnetic field generating devices to be arranged outside the useful volume. The expansion of the plate-shaped body is expediently chosen to be so large, depending on the spatial conditions, that interference fields can only reach into the usable volume from the edges in a strongly damped manner.

Der Einfluß derartiger Störfelder auf das in dem Nutzvolumen zu erzeugende Magnetfeld kann insbesondere bei Verwendung von supraleitenden Magneten vorteilhaft dadurch unterbunden werden, daß außerhalb und auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Nutzvolumens jeweils eine flächenhafte, gitter-oder netzartige Struktur vorbestimmter Ausdehnung mit draht- oder bandförmigen Supraleitern vorgesehen ist, wobei jede Struktur so geformt und angeordnet ist, daß sie den Feldlinien des in dem Nutzvolumen zu erzeugenden Magnetfeldes folgt, und wobei die Supraleiter senkrecht zu den Feldlinien ausgerichtet und zumindest in ihren Enden mit in Richtung der Feldlinien verlaufenden elektrisch leitenden Teilen verbunden sind. Mit dieser netzartigen Struktur kann dann verhindert werden, daß zeitliche Änderungen einer Störfeldkomponete senkrecht zur Netzebene in das Nutzvolumen eindringen, indem in den draht- oder bandförmigen Supraleitern selbsttätig entsprechende Abschirmströme induziert werden.The influence of such interference fields on the magnetic field to be generated in the useful volume can advantageously be prevented, in particular when using superconducting magnets, by providing a planar, lattice-like or net-like structure of predetermined dimensions with wire or ribbon-shaped superconductors outside and on opposite sides of the useful volume , each structure being shaped and arranged so that it follows the field lines of the magnetic field to be generated in the useful volume, and wherein the superconductors are aligned perpendicular to the field lines and are connected at least in their ends to electrically conductive parts running in the direction of the field lines. This network-like structure can then be used to prevent temporal changes in an interference field component perpendicular to the network level from penetrating into the useful volume by automatically inducing appropriate shielding currents in the wire or ribbon-shaped superconductors.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung gehen aus den restlichen Unteransprüchen hervor.Further advantageous refinements of the device according to the invention emerge from the remaining subclaims.

Zur weiteren Erläuterung der Erfindung und deren in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichneten Weiterbildungen wird nachfolgend auf die Zeichnung Bezug genommen, deren Figur 1 eine erfindungsgemäße magnetfelderzeugende Einrichtung zeigt. In Figur 2 ist eine derartige magnetfelderzeugende Einrichtung als Teil einer Elektronenbeschleuniger-Anlage angedeutet. Dabei sind in den Figuren übereinstimmende Teile mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.To further explain the invention and its further developments characterized in the subclaims, reference is made below to the drawing, the figure 1 shows a magnetic field generating device according to the invention. Such a magnetic field generating device is indicated in FIG. 2 as part of an electron accelerator system. Corresponding parts in the figures are provided with the same reference numerals.

In Figur 1 ist schematisch ein Querschnitt durch eine magnetfelderzeugende Einrichtung veranschaulicht, wie sie z.B. für einen Elektronenspeicherring vorgesehen werden kann. Der hierzu erforderliche Dipolmagnet ist aufgrund der gekrümmten Teilchenbahn ebenfalls gekrümmt und kann insbesondere halbkreisförmig gebogen sein (vgl. z.B. die genannte Veröffentlichung "IEEE Trans.Nuci.Sci."). Wegen der erforderlichen hohen Feldstärken sind seine Wicklungen bevorzugt mit supraleitendem Material erstellt.In Figure 1, a cross section through a magnetic field generating device is illustrated schematically, as it is e.g. can be provided for an electron storage ring. The dipole magnet required for this is also curved due to the curved particle path and can in particular be bent in a semicircular shape (cf. e.g. the publication "IEEE Trans.Nuci.Sci."). Because of the required high field strengths, its windings are preferably made with superconducting material.

Mit der magnetischen Einrichtung soll in einem Nutzvolumen V um die Strahlführungsachse A ein Dipolmagnetfeld B vorbestimmter Stärke und mit vorbestimmtem Verlauf seiner Feldlinien zu erzeugen sein. Hierzu weist die Einrichtung zu beiden Seiten der die Strahlführungsachse A enthaltenden Strahlführungsebene 2 und symmetrisch zu dieser Ebene je eine Dipolwicklung 3 bzw. 4 mit jeweils einer Hauptwicklung 3a und einer Nebenwicklung 3b bzw. 4a und 4b auf. Diese Wicklungen dienen zur Erzeugung des Dipolfeldes B, das in der Figur durch seine mit 5 bezeichneten gepfeilte Feldlinien sowie durch einige gestrichelt eingezeichnete Äquipotentiallinien 6a bis 6e bzw. 6'a bis 6'e veranschaulicht ist.The magnetic device should be able to generate a dipole magnetic field B of predetermined strength and with a predetermined course of its field lines in a useful volume V around the beam guidance axis A. For this purpose, the device has a dipole winding 3 or 4, each with a main winding 3a and a secondary winding 3b or 4a and 4b, on both sides of the beam guide plane 2 containing the beam guide axis A and symmetrically to this plane. These windings are used to generate the dipole field B, which is illustrated in the figure by its arrowed field lines labeled 5 and by a few equipotential lines 6a to 6e and 6'a to 6'e shown in broken lines.

Um den geforderten Verlauf der Feldinien 5 innerhalb geringer Fehlerfeldgrenzen von z.B. 1 %o gewährleisten zu können, sind erfindungsgemäß um das Nutzvolumen V magnetische Randbedingungen geschaffen, welche den Feldverlauf im gesamten Innenraum des Nutzvolumens eindeutig bestimmen. Hierzu ist außerhalb des Nutzvolumens V auf gegenüberliegenden Seiten bezüglich dieses Volumens jeweils ein Flächenausschnitt bestimmt, welcher eine magnetische Äquipotentialfläche des gewünschten Feldes repräsentiert. Gemäß dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Äquipotentialflächen 6d bzw. 6d' ausgewählt. Jeder dieser Flächenausschnitte ist mit einem dünnen plattenförmigen Körper 7 bzw. 8 aus einem Material mit einer vorzugsweise hohen Permeabilität belegt. Bei diesen plattenförmigen Körpern 7 und 8 kann es sich z.B. um entsprechende ferromagnetische Bleche handeln. Die relative Permeabilität µr dieser beispielsweise 0,5 bis 10 mm dicken Bleche soll dabei mindestens 1500, vorzugsweise mindestens 2000 betragen. Ni-reiche NiFe-Legierungen wie Permalloy-Legierungen erfüllen z.B. diese Bedingung. Die dem Nutzvolumen V jeweils zugewandte Oberfläche F bzw. F' dieser Bleche soll also so geformt und angeordnet sein, daß sie jeweils auf einer magnetischen Äquipotentialfläche des in dem Nutzvolumen zu erzeugenden Magnetfeldes wie z.B. auf der Fläche 6d bzw. 6'd zu liegen kommt. Dabei sollen die Bleche 7 und 8 zweckmäßigerweise in der Nähe des Nutzvolumens V angebracht sein. Vorzugsweise ist ihre geringste Entfernung e von dem Nutzvolumen V kleiner als die entsprechende Ausdehnung a des Nutzvolumens in dieser Richtung. Außerdem wird die geometrische Ausdehnung der mit den Blechen 7 bzw. 8 zu belegenden Flächenausschnitte vorteilhaft so gewählt, daß zumindest weitgehend die das Nutzvolumen V durchsetzenden Feldlinien 5 des Feldes B durch diese Flächenausschnitte hindurchtreten.In order to be able to ensure the required course of the field lines 5 within small error field limits of, for example, 1% , magnetic boundary conditions are created around the useful volume V, which uniquely determine the field course in the entire interior of the useful volume. For this purpose, outside of the useful volume V on opposite sides with respect to this volume, a surface section is determined, which represents a magnetic equipotential surface of the desired field. According to the illustrated embodiment, the equipotential surfaces 6d and 6d 'are selected. Each of these surface sections is covered with a thin plate-shaped body 7 or 8 made of a material with a preferably high permeability. These plate-shaped bodies 7 and 8 can be, for example, corresponding ferromagnetic sheets. The relative permeability μ r of these sheets, for example 0.5 to 10 mm thick, should be at least 1500, preferably at least 2000. Ni-rich NiFe alloys such as permalloy alloys, for example, meet this condition. The surface F or F 'of these sheets facing the useful volume V should therefore be shaped and arranged in such a way that it comes to rest on a magnetic equipotential surface of the magnetic field to be generated in the useful volume, for example on the surface 6d or 6'd . The plates 7 and 8 should expediently be attached in the vicinity of the useful volume V. Their smallest distance e from the useful volume V is preferably smaller than the corresponding extension a of the useful volume in this direction. In addition, the geometric extension of the surface sections to be covered with the metal sheets 7 and 8 is advantageously selected such that at least largely the field lines 5 of the field B penetrating the useful volume V pass through these surface sections.

Um das Durchgreifen von Störfeldern von den von den Blechen 7 und 8 nicht abgedeckten Seiten her auf das Nutzvolumen V auf ein minimales Maß zu begrenzen, müßte gegebenenfalls die Ausdehnung 1 der Bleche quer zur Strahlführungsachse A verhältnismäßig groß gewählt werden, d.h. z.B. mindestens der Summe aus der Ausdehnung c des Nutzvolumens V in dieser Querrichtung und aus dem durch die Strahlführungsachse A verlaufenden mittleren Abstand s zwischen den Blechen entsprechen. Eine derartige Größe der Ausdehnung 1 ist jedoch bisweilen aufgrund der Anordnung der einzelnen Wicklungen praktisch nicht möglich.In order to limit the penetration of interference fields from the sides not covered by the sheets 7 and 8 to the useful volume V to a minimum, the extent 1 of the sheets would have to be selected to be relatively large transverse to the beam guide axis A, i.e. e.g. correspond at least to the sum of the extent c of the useful volume V in this transverse direction and of the mean distance s between the sheets running through the beam guide axis A. Such a size of the extent 1 is sometimes not practically possible due to the arrangement of the individual windings.

Um dennoch auch bei kleineren Ausdehnungen 1, wobei 1 stets zumindest geringfügig größer als die entsprechende Ausdehnung c des Nutzvolumens sein wird, das seitliche Eindringen von Störfeldern zu verhindern, können vorteilhaft zusätzliche flächenhafte, gitter-oder netzartige Strukturen vorbestimmter Ausdehnung mit draht- oder bandförmigen Supraleitern an den offenen Seiten des Nutzvolumens V vorgesehen werden. Jede dieser in der Figur mit 10 bzw. 11 bezeichneten netzartigen Struktur ist dabei so geformt und angeordnet, daß sie den Feldlinien 5 des in dem Nutzvolumen V zu erzeugenden Magnetfeldes B folgt. Diese Strukturen 10 und 1 reichen vorteilhaft bis unmittelbar an die Bleche 7 und 8 heran, ohne diese jedoch zu berühren. Die mit 12 bezeichneten Supraleiter dieser Strukturen sind zueinander parallel angeordnet und verlaufen senkrecht zu den Feldlinien 5 des Magnetfeldes B. Zumindest an ihren Enden, gegebenenfalls in Abständen auch dazwischen, sind sie in Richtung der Feldlinien durch metallische Teile 13 elektrisch leitend verbunden. Mit der Auswahl des Materials für diese Teile 13 und deren Anzahl kann dann für jede so netzartig ausgebildete Struktur 10 bzw..11 eine vorbestimmte UR-Zeitkonstante t gewählt werden. Da bei zeitlichen Änderungen einer Störfeldkomponente senkrecht zur Netzebene in den Supraleitern selbsttätig entsprechende Abschirmströme induziert werden, werden insbesondere bei einem Start von einem Feld B=0 und einer UR-Zeitkonstanten τ der netzartigen Struktur, falls τ sehr viel größer als die Feldanstiegszeit ist, Störfelder selbst weitgehend abgeschirmt.In order to prevent the lateral penetration of interference fields even with smaller dimensions 1, 1 being always at least slightly larger than the corresponding dimension c of the useful volume, additional areal, lattice-like or net-like structures of predetermined dimensions can advantageously be provided with wire or ribbon-shaped superconductors can be provided on the open sides of the useful volume V. Each of these net-like structures, designated 10 and 11 in the figure, is shaped and arranged in such a way that it follows the field lines 5 of the magnetic field B to be generated in the useful volume V. These structures 10 and 1 advantageously extend right up to the sheets 7 and 8 without, however, touching them. The superconductors of these structures, denoted by 12, are arranged parallel to one another and run perpendicular to the field lines 5 of the magnetic field B. At least at their ends, optionally at intervals therebetween, they are electrically conductively connected in the direction of the field lines by metallic parts 13. With the selection of the material for these parts 13 and their number, a predetermined UR time constant t can then be selected for each structure 10 or 11 configured in this way. Since corresponding shielding currents are automatically induced in the superconductors when a disturbance field component changes over time perpendicular to the network plane, interference fields become in particular when starting from a field B = 0 and a UR time constant τ of the network-like structure, if τ is much larger than the field rise time largely shielded itself.

Die in Figur 1 dargestellten Feldformungs- bzw. Abschirmmaßnahmen bestehen somit, im Querschnitt gesehen, aus einem den Nutzquerschnitt umgebenden Viereck, wobei zwei gegenüberliegende Seiten aus den ferromagnetischen Blechen 7 und 8 und die zwei anderen Seiten jeweils aus einer netzartigen Struktur 10 bzw. 11 mit Supraleitern 12 ausgebildet werden. Alle vier Seiten sind dabei elektrisch voneinander isoliert. Um Wirbelströme in den ferromagnetischen Blechen 7 und 8 zu vermeiden, können diese gegebenenfalls geschlitzt oder mit anderen hierfür geeigneten Maßnahmen versehen sein. An den jeweils zwischen einem Blech und einer netzartigen Struktur ausgebildeten Ecken stehen die Umrißkonturen senkrecht aufeinander. Bei einem geforderten homogenen Feld wird durch die Bleche und die Strukturen ein Rechteck mit parallelen Seiten ausgebildet. Ist jedoch ein Gradient bzw. ein höherer Multipol verlangt, so bilden die Seiten jeweils zwei Segmente von zueinander orthogonalen Hyperbelscharen. Bei kleinen Gradientenbeimischungen können sie auch mit guter Näherung durch zwei ebene ferromagnetische Platten mit einem Neigungswinkel zueinander sowie durch zwei Netze auf Kreissegmenten genähert werden. Ein solcher Fall ist für das Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 1 zugrundegelegt, wobei ein negativer Feldgradient

Figure imgb0001
angenommen wurde. Der Neigungswinkel a der Bleche 7 bzw. 8 gegenüber der Strahlführungsebene 2 beträgt dabei etwa 3°.The field shaping or shielding measures shown in FIG. 1 thus consist, viewed in cross-section, of a quadrilateral surrounding the useful cross-section, two opposite sides made of ferromagnetic sheets 7 and 8 and the other two sides each with a net-like structure 10 and 11, respectively Superconductors 12 be formed. All four sides are electrically isolated from each other. In order to avoid eddy currents in the ferromagnetic sheets 7 and 8, these can optionally be slotted or provided with other suitable measures. At the corners formed between a sheet and a net-like structure, the outline contours are perpendicular to one another. If a homogeneous field is required, the sheets and the structures form a rectangle with parallel sides. If, however, a gradient or a higher multipole is required, the sides each form two segments of hyperbole groups orthogonal to one another. In the case of small gradient admixtures, they can also be approximated with good approximation by two flat ferromagnetic plates with an angle of inclination to one another and by two nets on circular segments. Such a case is taken as a basis for the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, with a negative field gradient
Figure imgb0001
 was accepted. The angle of inclination a of the sheets 7 and 8 with respect to the beam guidance plane 2 is approximately 3 ° .

Wie ferner aus Figur 1 hervorgeht, kann die netzartige Struktur 11 noch mit einer seitlichen Öffnung 15 versehen sein, um so die im Bereich der gekrümmten Teilchenbahn emittierte Synchrotronstrahlung ungehindert nach außen treten zu lassen.As can further be seen from FIG. 1, the network-like structure 11 can also be provided with a lateral opening 15 in order to allow the synchrotron radiation emitted in the region of the curved particle path to emerge unhindered.

In Figur 2 ist in Schrägansicht ein gekrümmter Dipolablenkmagnet einer Elektronenbeschleuniger-Anlage in teilweise aufgerissener Darstellung schematisch wiedergegeben. Dieser Magnet weist zwei große gekrümmte Dipolwicklungen 20 und 21 auf, die beiderseits eines längs der Strahlführungsachse A verlaufenden Elektronenstrahlrohres 22 parallel zueinander angeordnet sind. Längs der gekrümmten Innenseite des Magneten bzw. des Elektronenstrahlrohres 22 befindet sich noch eine zusätzliche Gradientenwicklung 23. Da die Leiter dieser Wicklungen 20, 21 und 23 aus supraleitendem Material bestehen, ist die aus Gründen der Herausführung der Synchrontronstrahlung zweigeteilte, diese Wicklungen aufnehmende Strahlkammer 24 mit einem entsprechenden Heliumgehäuse 25 versehen. Wie aus dem Aufriß ersichtlich ist, ist oberhalb und unterhalb des Elektronenstrahlrohres 22 jeweils ein ferromagnetisches Blech 7 bzw. 8 mit der Krümmung des Rohres 22 angepaßter Gestalt angeordnet. Zwischen den Innenrändern und den Außenrändern dieser Bleche befindet sich jeweils eine netzartige Struktur 10 bzw. 11 mit supraleitenden Drähten 12. Mit diesen Blechen 7 und 8 und den netzartigen Strukturen 10 und 11. deren Querschnitt in Fig. 1 dargestellt ist, können im schnellgepulsten Niederfeldbereich Störfelder durch Wirbelstromeffekte sowie die Restmagnetisierung des Supraleiters der Wicklungen abgeschirmt werden. Die Störfeldabschirmung folgt hier der gekrümmten Teilchenbahn über die ganze Magnetlänge und ist lediglich an ihren Enden offen. Die Querschnittsabmessungen betragen dabei z.B. 9 x 9 cm2. Die magnetischen Wände bestehen aus z.B. 0,5 bis 1 mm dicken y-Metall. Die netzartigen Strukturen 10 und 11 weisen jeweils mindestens drei supraleitende Multifilamentdrähte auf, die alle 10 cm durch senkrecht verlaufende Kupferdrähte und an ihren Enden durch Kupferbänder verbunden sind. Die UR-Zeitkonstante τ dieser Strukturen kann dabei viel größer als die Pulsanstiegszeit sein.In FIG. 2, an oblique view of a curved dipole deflection magnet of an electron accelerator system is shown schematically in a partially broken illustration. This magnet has two large curved dipole windings 20 and 21, which are arranged parallel to one another on both sides of an electron beam tube 22 running along the beam guide axis A. Along the curved inside of the magnet or the electron beam tube 22 there is an additional gradient winding 23. Since the conductors of these windings 20, 21 and 23 consist of superconducting material, the beam chamber 24, which accommodates these windings and is divided into two, for the purpose of leading out the synchronous radiation provided with a corresponding helium housing 25. As can be seen from the elevation, a ferromagnetic sheet 7 or 8 with the curvature of the tube 22 is arranged above and below the electron beam tube 22. Between the inner edges and the outer edges of these sheets there is a net-like structure 10 or 11 with superconducting wires 12. With these sheets 7 and 8 and the net-like structures 10 and 11, the cross-section of which is shown in FIG Interference fields are shielded by eddy current effects and the residual magnetization of the superconductor of the windings. The interference field shielding here follows the curved particle path over the entire magnet length and is only open at its ends. The cross-sectional dimensions are, for example, 9 x 9 cm 2 . The magnetic walls consist of, for example, 0.5 to 1 mm thick y-metal. The net-like structures 10 and 11 each have at least three superconducting multifilament wires, which are connected every 10 cm by vertically running copper wires and at their ends by copper strips. The UR time constant τ of these structures can be much larger than the pulse rise time.

Die erfindungsgemäßen Feldformungs- bzw. Abschirmmaßnahmen sind insbesondere bei kleinen Feldern und hohen Feldänderungsgeschwindigkeiten wirksam. Bei hohen Feldern mit B > 1 T und kleinen Feldänderungsgeschwindigkeiten B werden die geschilderten Maßnahmen weitgehend wirkungslos, da dann das hochpermeable Material gesättigt ist bzw. die in den Drähten induzierten Abschirmströme klein werden. Hier übernehmen dann in bekannter Weise die Hauptwicklungen der magnetischen Einrichtung allein die Feldformung.The field shaping or shielding measures according to the invention are particularly effective in small fields and high field change speeds. In the case of high fields with B> 1 T and low field change velocities B, the measures described are largely ineffective since the highly permeable material is saturated or the shielding currents induced in the wires become small. In this case, the main windings of the magnetic device alone take over the field formation in a known manner.

Claims (11)

1. Equipment for the production of a magnetic field with spatially specified field pattern in a useful volume (V), which equipment is provided with bodies (7, 8) of ferromagnetic material which bodies influence the field pattern, characterized in that outside of and on opposite sides of the useful volume (V) respectively, there is provided at least one thin, plate-shaped body (7, 8) of predetermined geometric extent, of a material with high permeability (wr), the surface (F or F) of which, directed towards the useful volume (V), is shaped and arranged in such a way that it comes to lie on a magnetic equipotential surface (6d or 6'd) of the magnetic field (B) which is to be produced in the useful volume (V).
2. Equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the smallest distance (e) of each plate-shaped body (7, 8) from the useful volume (V) is smaller than the corresponding extent (a) of the useful volume (V) in this direction.
3. Equipment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the transverse extent (1) of each plate-shaped body (7, 8) is bigger than the corresponding extent (c) of the useful volume (V) in this direction.
4. Equipment according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the geometric extent of the surface sections of the equipotential surfaces (6d or 6'd), which surface sections are in each case to be covered with one of the plate-shaped bodies (7 or 8), is chosen to be so big that, at least to a large extent, the lines of force (5) of the magnetic field (B), passing through the useful volume (V), pass through these surface sections.
5. Equipment according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that outside of and on opposite sides of the useful volume (V) respectively, there is provided a laminar, latticed or net-like structure (10, 11) of predetermined extent with wire-shaped or strip-shaped superconductors (12), each structure (10, 11) being shaped and arranged in such a way that it follows the lines of force (5) of the magnetic field (B) which is to be produced in the useful volume (V), and the superconductors (12) being aligned perpendicular to the lines of force (5) and being connected, at least at their ends, with electrically conducting parts (13) which extend in the direction of the lines of force (5).
6. Equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that the electrically conducting parts (13), at the working temperature of the superconductors (12), consist of electrically normally conducting material.
7. Equipment according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the superconductors (12) are also connected with one another, in regions lying between their ends, by means of electrically conducting parts which extend in the direction of the lines of force (5) of the magnetic field (B) which is to be produced in the useful volume (V).
8. Equipment according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that a predetermined UR-time constant (2) is set for the net-like structures (10, 11) by means of the quantity and the choice of material of the electrically conducting parts (13).
9. Equipment according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the extend and arrangement of the net-like structures (1Q, 11) is chosen so that these structures extend between the plate-shaped bodies (7, 8).
10. Equipment according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that measures are provided for the reduction of eddy currents in the plate-shaped bodies (7, 8).
11. Equipment according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the useful volume (V) is located in a particle acceleration installation in the inside of a compartment (22) for the conduction of electrically charged particles, more particularly of electrons.
EP86101356A 1985-02-15 1986-02-03 Magnetic field-generating device Expired EP0191392B1 (en)

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JPS61188907A (en) 1986-08-22
DE3663412D1 (en) 1989-06-22
US4740758A (en) 1988-04-26
DE3505281A1 (en) 1986-08-21
EP0191392A3 (en) 1986-12-10
EP0191392A2 (en) 1986-08-20

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