EP0274668B1 - Kneading mixer - Google Patents

Kneading mixer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0274668B1
EP0274668B1 EP87118173A EP87118173A EP0274668B1 EP 0274668 B1 EP0274668 B1 EP 0274668B1 EP 87118173 A EP87118173 A EP 87118173A EP 87118173 A EP87118173 A EP 87118173A EP 0274668 B1 EP0274668 B1 EP 0274668B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
kneading
shaft
elements
disc
mixer according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87118173A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0274668A1 (en
Inventor
Heinz List
Jörg List
Alfred Kunz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
List AG
Original Assignee
List AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CH5102/86A external-priority patent/CH672749A5/de
Priority claimed from CH3576/87A external-priority patent/CH673595A5/en
Application filed by List AG filed Critical List AG
Priority to AT87118173T priority Critical patent/ATE78423T1/en
Publication of EP0274668A1 publication Critical patent/EP0274668A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0274668B1 publication Critical patent/EP0274668B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F27/00Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
    • B01F27/60Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis
    • B01F27/70Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms
    • B01F27/707Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis with paddles, blades or arms the paddles co-operating, e.g. intermeshing, with elements on the receptacle wall

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a kneading mixer for carrying out mechanical, thermal and / or chemical processes according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Kneading mixers or mixer kneaders of this type are e.g. B. is known from AT-B-294020 or CH-A-410789.
  • a kneading shaft with vertically placed disc elements is cleaned on kneading counter-elements fixed radially in the housing, the kneading shaft with the discs making an axially reciprocating movement for good cleaning.
  • the time required for this back and forth movement leads to poor cleaning of the heat-transferring surfaces, that is to say an inadequate heat exchange and a lack of kneading action with a large expenditure of energy.
  • the heat-transferring disks are also fastened to the shaft and are cleaned by hooks with only a circumferential movement, with an interaction between mixing bars on the disks and the hooks fastened in the housing having a good kneading action is achieved.
  • the disadvantage of this arrangement for certain products is the formation of toroidal structures of the product between the panes, which strongly inhibit the material movement between the panes.
  • the counter-kneading elements form frames which comprise relatively large axially-radially directed surfaces which cover correspondingly wide annular regions in which no kneading element can engage. In these areas, the kneaded material easily cakes, which can grow into stable tori relatively undisturbed.
  • the invention was therefore based on the object of specifying a kneading mixer in which there is practically no risk of a torus formation, without having to accept a complication of the construction or other disadvantages such as high forces or an impairment of the mixing and kneading action .
  • the housing 1 is provided with a heating jacket or heating channels 2.
  • One or more nozzles 3 are arranged at the top for filling the starting product and for removing vapors.
  • the finished product is filled at the lower nozzle 4.
  • the feet 5 are for supporting the apparatus.
  • An end wall 15 is equipped with the stuffing box 18 and connected to the lantern 16 for supporting the bearing 17 for the agitator shaft journal 22.
  • the end wall 10 with the gland 13, lantern 11 and bearing 12 on the axially opposite side are similar.
  • the central shaft 20 is supported with the shaft journals 21 and 22 and is driven by a drive motor, not shown here, via the V-belt wheel 23 and the slip-on gear 24.
  • the kneading arms 32 are arranged on the shaft 20, on which stirring elements 35, 36, 37 are attached.
  • the shaft 20 is normally heatable and coolable, the heating and cooling medium being supplied through connection piece 29 and the return through connection piece 30.
  • the disc elements 25 carry wave scraper 26, which are designed so that there is a gap 31 between their ends. In the area of this gap, the adjacent cylindrical shaft part is not brushed by the shaft scraper 26. This makes it possible to mount powerful kneading arms 32 on the shaft there.
  • the shaft scrapers 26 arranged on the disc elements 25 are arranged axially so that they strip and clean the shaft 20 and the kneading arms 32.
  • the product is rubbed against the disk elements 25 by means of the kneading arms 32 and is pressed through the gap between the kneading shaft and the axial part of the kneading arm 32 by means of the shaft scrapers 26 to increase the kneading action.
  • the shaft scrapers 26 also clean the heatable and coolable surfaces of the kneading shaft 20 with the kneading arms 32 arranged thereon.
  • Fig. 3 shows z. B. an arrangement of the shaft scraper and other counter-stirring elements 26 on the disks 25, which serve to transport the product from the shaft against the actual kneading gap between the housing 1 and the stirring elements 37, 39 of the kneading arm 32.
  • a row of shaft scrapers 26 in the housing 1 one or more rows of counter-stirring elements can be arranged on different rotational radii as here.
  • these counter-stirring elements 26, which are seen one behind the other in the direction of rotation of the shaft 20 on the disk elements 25, can be designed in different ways.
  • the one counter-stirring element can only protrude to the left as seen from the holder, while the second counter-stirring element unloads accordingly to the right.
  • the shape of the counter-stirring elements can be large-area, knife-like or frame-shaped, as shown in the attached sketches.
  • the kneading effect can also be improved by the appropriate shape of the stirring elements in connection with the shape of the counter-stirring element, e.g. B. by wedge-shaped reduction of the passage cross-section in the kneading gap of the two tools.
  • an embodiment is important in which, according to FIG. B. pipe clamps, spacers, clamps or the like. Are arranged. This enables easy disassembly and subsequent simple replacement and adjustment of the kneading arms to the respective product quality.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross section through a disk zone of the kneading mixer with two rows of kneading arms of different lengths and the correspondingly designed kneading counter elements on the disks and Two upright disk elements per disk level, between which there is a large passage opening for both axial product and axial gas transport.
  • This version has the advantage that the housing can be easily removed.
  • Fig. 6 shows the design of a kneading mixer, where the kneading elements 37, 39 and the shaft scrapers 26 are arranged so that kneading gaps 43, and 44 arise relative to the shaft 20 and the shaft scrapers 26 and between the stirring elements 37 and the housing 1.
  • Fig. 7 shows an embodiment in which the disc elements 25 are arranged so that their entire surface is heated only by heat conduction, which leads to a cheaper production and better installation options. If the heat exchange surface of the housing is sufficient, the disk elements 25 are reduced so that they only form support arms for the shaft scrapers and further counter-stirring elements 26.
  • the arrangement according to FIG. 9 is better than this arrangement, in which the kneading arms 32 no longer sit on an exactly axial line, but on a line which corresponds to the transport angle 40 of the stirring elements 37. This has the advantage that product transport is made easier.
  • the shaft scrapers 26 are also at an angle to the axial housing axis and in fact opposite to the transport angle 40 of the kneading, stirring and transport elements. This scissor-like intervention can increase the kneading effect of the system.
  • the system according to FIG. 10 shows an example of how the product accumulations and the resulting densifications and high power consumption can be significantly reduced.
  • the arrangement of the kneading arms and disk elements or of the stirring elements, shaft scrapers and further counter-stirring elements 26 was chosen such that a plurality of elements are never in engagement with one another at the same time. This is also the purpose of displacing the disk elements on the right with respect to the disk elements on the left by a certain circumferential angle.
  • the actual working space in the housing 101 which is surrounded by a heating jacket or heating channels 102, is made in three parts.
  • the individual housing parts are connected to one another with flange connections 103.
  • An outlet housing 104, a bearing lantern 105 and a drive lantern 106 are screwed onto the working housing with similar detachable flange connections.
  • a filler neck 107, an outlet neck 108, a vapor neck 109 and a cleaning and observation neck 110 are arranged on the housing 101 and the outlet housing 104.
  • the sockets 111, 112 and 113 serve as emptying sockets.
  • the end walls 114 and 115 are clamped into the flange connection at the two ends of the product space, while 116 and 117 are sheet metal rings to which disk elements 119 and 120 are fastened as counter-kneading elements.
  • a level plate 121 is attached to the flange connection between the kneading housing and the outlet housing, which regulates the product height in the kneading mixer.
  • the sheet metal rings 116 and 117 are either held by the flange connections 103 or welded or screwed directly into the housing 101 as disk elements 119 and 120.
  • Each scraper element is provided along the kneading shaft with the axially protruding counter kneading elements or shaft scrapers 123 and 124, between each of which a gap 125 is arranged in order to allow the passage of the kneading arms 131 fastened on the kneading shaft 130.
  • the disc elements can also be designed as a ring which projects into the interior of the housing from the inner wall.
  • the kneading mixer consists of the kneading shaft 130, on which kneading or stirring elements 132 and transport elements 133 are fastened by means of the kneading arms 131.
  • the drive and bearing shaft journals 134 and 135 are inserted at the ends of the kneading shaft 130.
  • the stuffing boxes 136 and 137 seal the shaft passage against the production room.
  • the entire kneading shaft 130 is supported in bearings 138 and 139 and driven by an electric motor by means of a gear 140.
  • the heating medium for heating the kneading shaft is fed back and forth via a mechanical seal head 141.
  • each stirring element 132 is provided with a scraping edge 142, an axial scraping edge 144 and a kneading gap surface 143 (see FIG. 13).
  • the product fed into the nozzle 107 is gripped by the kneading elements 132 and alternately subjected to a strong kneading action between the opposite disc surfaces.
  • the product level As soon as the product level has reached the kneading shaft, it is gripped by the shaft scrapers 123 and 124. In the present case (but not shown here), these doctor blades are inclined. This inclination means that the material is transported axially through the individual knee spaces between the disc surfaces of the machine.
  • the product falls over the upper edge of the level plate 121 into the outlet housing 104 and is fed there to the outlet nozzle 108 through a frame-shaped stirring bar 145.
  • the transport elements 133 are the transport elements which ensure that the product pushed back and forth by the stirring elements 132 between the opposite disc surfaces is again distributed evenly over the two disc surfaces as counter-kneading elements.
  • the transport elements 133 shown here can also be designed as surfaces inclined in one direction, which then act as additional axially acting transport elements for the product through the machine. It is also possible for the material to be returned in the machine by means of such transport elements.
  • FIG. 14 shows yet another arrangement of the shaft scrapers 123 and 124, the kneading action resulting from the position of the scraping diameter with which the product is pressed into the space between two scraping surfaces resulting in an increased kneading effect.
  • This kneading effect can be further increased by the fact that individual areas of the disk elements 119 and 120 prevent the product from escaping inwards by axially protruding catch plates 128 (see also FIG. 15). This results in a narrowing of the cross section when the kneading elements pass through and an increased kneading effect.
  • the shaft scrapers 123 and 124 are arranged obliquely, and to ensure the axial transport of the product through the machine.
  • the kneading arms 150 are designed as multi-surface kneading elements, the material first cleaning the inner wall of the housing 1 through the scraping edge 151 and scraping the outer part of the disk elements adjoining the inner wall with scraping edges 152.
  • the discharge surfaces for the product belonging to these scraping edges guide the scraped product directly into the kneading gap 153 against the opposite disc element surface.
  • the inner part of the disc elements is cleaned from the edge 154.
  • the product is directed more inwards against the kneading shaft by the associated disc surface and is gripped there by the corresponding shaft scrapers as kneading counter-elements.
  • the shaft scrapers are often shaped in such a way that they serve as counter-kneading elements for the scrapers 154.
  • the principle of the multi-surface scraper can also be implemented in another form. The principle is characterized by dividing the product into different product streams, which are mixed again by the subsequent kneading elements.
  • the cross section according to FIG. 18 and the partial longitudinal section according to FIG. 19 show an embodiment with a fork-shaped kneading arm and a correspondingly shaped disk element, which is characterized in particular by radial arms 160 placed on the shaft scraper.
  • the stirring elements 163 are connected to the kneading shaft 130 via supports 165, 162 designed as disk elements and extend axially along the inner wall of the housing 101, to which radial kneading bars 164 are in turn fastened along the fixed disk elements. Good mixing and kneading effects and good cleaning of the latter result from the passage of the stirring elements which engage in a fork shape in the disc elements (discs 119, 120 and arms 160).
  • the kneading arms in the area of the kneading shaft 130 are likewise designed as heat-transmitting, disk-shaped ring segments which are continuously cleaned by the fixed radial arms 160.
  • These kneading arms can also be designed on one side, in which case one kneading arm between the disk surfaces cleans the one fixed disk surface, while a second kneading arm takes over this work for the opposite disk surface.
  • the supports 165, 162 can completely enclose the kneading shaft 130 in an annular design.
  • kneading elements can be arranged in one machine.
  • the kneading elements can, insofar as the mutual interaction of the kneading element and the kneading counter element permits, be carried out in bent and twisted forms.
  • the transport elements are selected so that the product circulates in the machine in two circles, first being transported axially from the center outwards and then back again in a known manner.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
  • Accessories For Mixers (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Knetmischer für die Durchführung mechanischer, thermischer und/oder chemischer Verfahren entsprechend dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1.The invention relates to a kneading mixer for carrying out mechanical, thermal and / or chemical processes according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Knetmischer oder Mischkneter dieser Art sind z. B. bekannt durch die AT-B-294020 oder die CH-A-410789. Bei diesen bekannten Knetmischern reinigt sich eine Knetwelle mit senkrecht aufgesetzten Scheibenelementen an radial im Gehäuse befestigten Knetgegenelementen, wobei für eine gute Abreinigung die Knetwelle mit den Scheiben eine axial hin- und hergehende Bewegung macht. Der Zeitaufwand für diese Hin- und Herbewegung führt zu einer schlechten Abreinigung der wärmeübertragenden Flächen, d. h. einem ungenügenden Wärmeaustausch und einer mangelnden Knetwirkung bei trotzdem großem Energieaufwand. Bei einem anderen Knetmischer nach der DE-A-23 49 106 sind die wärmeübertragenden Scheiben ebenfalls auf der Welle befestigt und werden bei einer nur umlaufenden Bewegung durch Haken abgereinigt, wobei ein Zusammenwirken zwischen Mischbarren auf den Scheiben und der im Gehäuse befestigten Haken eine gute Knetwirkung erzielt wird. Der Nachteil dieser Anordnung liegt für bestimmte Produkte in der Ausbildung von torusartigen Aufbauten des Produktes zwischen den Scheiben, die die Gutsbewegung zwischen den Scheiben stark hemmen.Kneading mixers or mixer kneaders of this type are e.g. B. is known from AT-B-294020 or CH-A-410789. In these known kneading mixers, a kneading shaft with vertically placed disc elements is cleaned on kneading counter-elements fixed radially in the housing, the kneading shaft with the discs making an axially reciprocating movement for good cleaning. The time required for this back and forth movement leads to poor cleaning of the heat-transferring surfaces, that is to say an inadequate heat exchange and a lack of kneading action with a large expenditure of energy. In another kneading mixer according to DE-A-23 49 106, the heat-transferring disks are also fastened to the shaft and are cleaned by hooks with only a circumferential movement, with an interaction between mixing bars on the disks and the hooks fastened in the housing having a good kneading action is achieved. The disadvantage of this arrangement for certain products is the formation of toroidal structures of the product between the panes, which strongly inhibit the material movement between the panes.

Bei der DE-A-2 349 106 bilden die Gegenknetelemente Rahmen, die verhältnismässig grosse axial-radial gerichtete Flächen umfassen, die entsprechend breite ringförmige Bereiche abdecken, in die kein Knetelement eingreifen kann. In diesen Bereichen kommt es leicht zu Verbackungen des Knetgutes, die sich verhältnismässig ungestört zu stabilen Tori auswachsen können.In DE-A-2 349 106, the counter-kneading elements form frames which comprise relatively large axially-radially directed surfaces which cover correspondingly wide annular regions in which no kneading element can engage. In these areas, the kneaded material easily cakes, which can grow into stable tori relatively undisturbed.

Der Erfindung lag daher die Aufgabe zu Grunde, einen Knetmischer anzugeben, bei welchem die Gefahr einer Torusbildung praktisch nicht besteht, ohne dass dafür eine Komplizierung der Konstruktion oder andere Nachteile wie hohe auftretende Kräfte oder eine Beeinträchtigung der Misch- und Knetwirkung in Kauf genommen werden müsste.The invention was therefore based on the object of specifying a kneading mixer in which there is practically no risk of a torus formation, without having to accept a complication of the construction or other disadvantages such as high forces or an impairment of the mixing and kneading action .

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Erfindung, wie sie in Anspruch 1 gekennzeichnet ist, gelöst.This object is achieved by the invention as characterized in claim 1.

Vorteilhafte weitere Ausgestaltungen sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen 2-19 beschrieben.Advantageous further developments are described in the dependent claims 2-19.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert; diese zeigt in

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt durch das Gehäuse eines Knetmischers nach Linie III-IV der Fig. 2;
Fig. 2
einen Querschnitt durch den Knetmischer nach Linie I-II der Fig. 1;
Fig. 3
einen Querschnitt einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines Knetmischers;
Fig. 4
einen halben Querschnitt einer weiteren Ausführungsform eines Knetmischers;
Fig. 5 bis 7
Querschnitte durch weitere Ausführungsformen von Knetmischern;
Fig. 8
eine Abwicklung eines Teils einen Knetmischers zur Darstellung einer Anordnung der Knet-, Rühr- und Transportelemente entsprechend Fig. 2;
Fig. 9
eine Darstellung entsprechend Fig. 8 einer anderen Ausführungsform der Anordnung;
Fig. 10
eine Darstellung entsprechend Fig. 8 oder 9 einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Anordnung entsprechend Fig. 3;
Fig. 11
eine Gesamtansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines Knetmischers mit teilweisem Längsschnitt nach Schnittlinien XI-XI der Fig. 2;
Fig. 12
einen Querschnitt des Knetmischers nach Schnittlinien XII-XII der Fig. 11;
Fig. 13
eine Abwicklung des Knetmischers nach Fig. 11 und Fig. 12;
Fig. 14
einen Querschnitt durch einen Knetmischer mit anderer Anordnung der Wellenschaber und inneren Fangblechen für die Einengung des Knetraumes;
Fig. 15
eine Abwicklung eines Knetmischers mit Mehrflächen-Knetelementen und schräggestellten Wellenschabern für den axialen Transport;
Fig. 16
einen Querschnitt durch einen Knetmischer mit Mehrflächen-Knetelementen;
Fig. 17
eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Mehrflächen-Knetelementes;
Fig. 18
einen Querschnitt durch einen Knetmischer mit gabelförmigen Knetelementen und entsprechenden feststehenden Knetelementen auf den Wellenschabern sowie Ausbildung der Supporte für rotierende Knetelemente als Scheibenelemente;
Fig. 19
einen Teillängsschnitt der Ausführung gemäß Querschnitt nach Schnittlinien IXX-IXX der Fig. 18 ;
Das Grundprinzip der Erfindung ist in Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 dargestellt. In einem meist horizontal angeordneten Gehäuse 1 mit den Scheibenelementen 25, Stirnwänden 10 und 15 rotiert die Welle 20 mit den Knetarmen 32.The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing; this shows in
Fig. 1
a longitudinal section through the housing of a kneading mixer according to line III-IV of Fig. 2;
Fig. 2
a cross section through the kneading mixer according to line I-II of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3
a cross section of a further embodiment of a kneading mixer;
Fig. 4
half a cross section of a further embodiment of a kneading mixer;
5 to 7
Cross sections through further embodiments of kneading mixers;
Fig. 8
a development of a part of a kneading mixer to illustrate an arrangement of the kneading, stirring and transport elements according to FIG. 2;
Fig. 9
a representation corresponding to FIG 8 of another embodiment of the arrangement.
Fig. 10
an illustration corresponding to FIG. 8 or 9 of a further embodiment of the arrangement corresponding to FIG. 3;
Fig. 11
an overall view of another embodiment of a kneading mixer with partial longitudinal section along section lines XI-XI of Fig. 2;
Fig. 12
a cross section of the kneading mixer according to section lines XII-XII of Fig. 11;
Fig. 13
a development of the kneading mixer according to Fig. 11 and Fig. 12;
Fig. 14
a cross section through a kneading mixer with a different arrangement of the shaft scraper and inner catch plates for the narrowing of the kneading space;
Fig. 15
a development of a kneading mixer with multi-surface kneading elements and inclined shaft scrapers for axial transport;
Fig. 16
a cross section through a kneading mixer with multi-surface kneading elements;
Fig. 17
a perspective view of a multi-surface kneading element;
Fig. 18
a cross section through a kneading mixer with fork-shaped kneading elements and corresponding fixed kneading elements on the shaft scrapers and training of the supports for rotating kneading elements as disc elements;
Fig. 19
a partial longitudinal section of the embodiment according to cross section along section lines IXX-IXX of Fig. 18;
The basic principle of the invention is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The shaft 20 rotates with the kneading arms 32 in a mostly horizontally arranged housing 1 with the disk elements 25, end walls 10 and 15.

Das Gehäuse 1 ist mit einem Heizmantel oder Heizkanälen 2 versehen. Zum Einfüllen des Ausgangsproduktes und zum Abzug von Brüden sind oben ein oder mehrere Stutzen 3 angeordnet. Das Abfüllen des fertig behandelten Produktes erfolgt am unteren Stutzen 4. Die Füße 5 sind zum Abstützen des Apparates. Eine Stirnwand 15 ist mit der Stopfbüchse 18 ausgerüstet und mit der Laterne 16 zur Abstützung des Lagers 17 für den Rührwellenzapfen 22 verbunden. Die Stirnwand 10 mit der Stopfbüchse 13, Laterne 11 und Lager 12 auf der axial gegenüberliegenden Seite, sind ähnlich ausgeführt. In den Lagern 12 und 17 ist die zentrale Welle 20 mit den Wellenzapfen 21 und 22 abgestützt und wird von einem hier nicht gezeigten Antriebsmotor über das Keilriemenrad 23 und das Aufsteckgetriebe 24 angetrieben.The housing 1 is provided with a heating jacket or heating channels 2. One or more nozzles 3 are arranged at the top for filling the starting product and for removing vapors. The finished product is filled at the lower nozzle 4. The feet 5 are for supporting the apparatus. An end wall 15 is equipped with the stuffing box 18 and connected to the lantern 16 for supporting the bearing 17 for the agitator shaft journal 22. The end wall 10 with the gland 13, lantern 11 and bearing 12 on the axially opposite side are similar. In the bearings 12 and 17, the central shaft 20 is supported with the shaft journals 21 and 22 and is driven by a drive motor, not shown here, via the V-belt wheel 23 and the slip-on gear 24.

Auf der Welle 20 sind die Knetarme 32 angeordnet, an denen Rührelemente 35, 36, 37 angesetzt sind. Die Welle 20 ist normalerweise heiz- und kühlbar, wobei die Zuführung des Heiz- und Kühlmediums durch Stutzen 29 und die Rückführung durch Stutzen 30 erfolgt.The kneading arms 32 are arranged on the shaft 20, on which stirring elements 35, 36, 37 are attached. The shaft 20 is normally heatable and coolable, the heating and cooling medium being supplied through connection piece 29 and the return through connection piece 30.

Die Scheibenelemente 25 tragen Wellenschaber 26, die so ausgeführt sind, daß zwischen ihren Enden jeweils eine Lücke 31 vorhanden ist. Im Bereich dieser Lücke wird der benachbarte zylindrische Wellenteil nicht von den Wellenschaber 26 bestrichen. Dies macht es möglich, dort kräftige Knetarme 32 auf der Welle anzubringen.The disc elements 25 carry wave scraper 26, which are designed so that there is a gap 31 between their ends. In the area of this gap, the adjacent cylindrical shaft part is not brushed by the shaft scraper 26. This makes it possible to mount powerful kneading arms 32 on the shaft there.

Die auf den Scheibenelementen 25 angeordneten Wellenschaber 26 sind axial so angeordnet, daß sie die Welle 20 und die Knetarme 32 abstreifen und reinigen. Durch das Rotieren der Welle 20 wird das Produkt mittels der Knetarme 32 gegen die Scheibenelemente 25 gerieben und zur Erhöhung der Knetwirkung durch den Spalt zwischen der Knetwelle und dem axialen Teil des Knetarmes 32 mittels der Wellenschaber 26 hindurchgepreßt.The shaft scrapers 26 arranged on the disc elements 25 are arranged axially so that they strip and clean the shaft 20 and the kneading arms 32. By rotating the shaft 20, the product is rubbed against the disk elements 25 by means of the kneading arms 32 and is pressed through the gap between the kneading shaft and the axial part of the kneading arm 32 by means of the shaft scrapers 26 to increase the kneading action.

Zusätzlich zur Verbesserung der Knetwirkung reinigen die Wellenschaber 26 auch die heiz- und kühlbaren Flächen der Knetwelle 20 mit den darauf angeordneten Knetarmen 32.In addition to improving the kneading effect, the shaft scrapers 26 also clean the heatable and coolable surfaces of the kneading shaft 20 with the kneading arms 32 arranged thereon.

Fig. 3 zeigt z. B. eine Anordnung der Wellenschaber und weiterer Gegenrührelemente 26 an den Scheiben 25, die dazu dienen, das Produkt von der Welle gegen den eigentlichen Knetspalt zwischen Gehäuse 1 und den Rührelementen 37, 39 des Knetarms 32 zu transportieren. Zusätzlich zu einer Reihe von Wellenschaber 26 im Gehäuse 1 kann wie hier eine oder mehrere Reihen von Gegenrührelementen auf verschiedenen Rotationsradien angeordnet werden.Fig. 3 shows z. B. an arrangement of the shaft scraper and other counter-stirring elements 26 on the disks 25, which serve to transport the product from the shaft against the actual kneading gap between the housing 1 and the stirring elements 37, 39 of the kneading arm 32. In addition to a row of shaft scrapers 26 in the housing 1, one or more rows of counter-stirring elements can be arranged on different rotational radii as here.

Hierbei können diese Gegenrührelemente 26, die in der Rotationsrichtung der Welle 20 gesehen hintereinander an den Scheibenelementen 25 befestigt sind, verschiedenartig ausgebildet sein. Z. B. kann das eine Gegenrührelement von der Halterung aus gesehen nur nach links ausragen, während das zweite Gegenrührelement entsprechend nach rechts auslädt. Auch für die Form der Gegenrührelemente gibt es verschiedene Varianten. Sie können großflächig ausgebildet sein, messerartig oder rahmenförmig, wie in den anliegenden Skizzen gezeigt ist.In this case, these counter-stirring elements 26, which are seen one behind the other in the direction of rotation of the shaft 20 on the disk elements 25, can be designed in different ways. For example, the one counter-stirring element can only protrude to the left as seen from the holder, while the second counter-stirring element unloads accordingly to the right. There are also different variants for the shape of the counter-stirring elements. They can be large-area, knife-like or frame-shaped, as shown in the attached sketches.

Oft kann auch durch die zweckmäßige Form der Rührelemente im Zusammenhang mit der Formgebung des Gegenrührelementes die Knetwirkung verbessert werden, z. B. durch keilförmige Verringerung des Durchgang-Querschnitts im Knetspalt der beiden Werkzeuge.Often the kneading effect can also be improved by the appropriate shape of the stirring elements in connection with the shape of the counter-stirring element, e.g. B. by wedge-shaped reduction of the passage cross-section in the kneading gap of the two tools.

Auch für die Scheibenelemente sind viele Varianten möglich. Neben der gewählten Anzahl der Knetarme bzw. deren Rührelemente, den Dimensionen und der Form hat eine Ausführung Wichtigkeit, bei der gemäß Fig. 4 die Knetarme 32 auf speziellen Trägern 38 wie z. B. Rohrschellen, Distanzhülsen, Klemmstücken od. dgl. angeordnet sind. Dies ermöglicht eine einfache Demontage sowie ein nachträgliches einfaches Auswechseln und Anpassen der Knetarme an die jeweilige Produktqualität.Many variants are also possible for the disc elements. In addition to the selected number of kneading arms or their stirring elements, the dimensions and the shape, an embodiment is important in which, according to FIG. B. pipe clamps, spacers, clamps or the like. Are arranged. This enables easy disassembly and subsequent simple replacement and adjustment of the kneading arms to the respective product quality.

Um eine weitere Anordnung der Scheibenelemente 25 und der Knetarme 32 bzw. der Rührelemente 37, 39 darstellen zu können, wird in Fig. 5 ein Querschnitt durch eine Scheibenzone des Knetmischers gezeigt mit zwei Reihen unterschiedlich langer Knetarme und den entsprechend ausgebildeten Knetgegenelementen auf den Scheiben sowie pro Scheibenebene zwei aufrecht stehenden Scheibenelementen, zwischen denen sowohl für den axialen Produkt- als auch axialen Gas-Transport eine große Durchlaß-Öffnung besteht. Diese Ausführung hat noch den Vorteil, daß sich das Gehäuse einfach abziehen läßt.In order to be able to represent a further arrangement of the disk elements 25 and the kneading arms 32 or the stirring elements 37, 39, FIG. 5 shows a cross section through a disk zone of the kneading mixer with two rows of kneading arms of different lengths and the correspondingly designed kneading counter elements on the disks and Two upright disk elements per disk level, between which there is a large passage opening for both axial product and axial gas transport. This version has the advantage that the housing can be easily removed.

Fig. 6 zeigt die Ausführung eines Knetmischers, wo die Knetelemente 37, 39 und die Wellenschabern 26 so angeordnet sind, daß Knetspalten 43, und 44 gegenüber der Welle 20 und den Wellenschabern 26 sowie zwischen den Rührelementen 37 und dem Gehäuse 1 entstehen.Fig. 6 shows the design of a kneading mixer, where the kneading elements 37, 39 and the shaft scrapers 26 are arranged so that kneading gaps 43, and 44 arise relative to the shaft 20 and the shaft scrapers 26 and between the stirring elements 37 and the housing 1.

Fig. 7 Zeigt eine Ausführung, in der die Scheibenelemente 25 so angeordnet sind, daß ihre ganze Oberfläche nur durch Wärmeleitung beheizt wird, was eine Verbilligung der Herstellung und bessere Montagemöglichkeit mit sich bringt. Reicht die Wärmeaustauschfläche des Gehäuses aus, werden die Scheibenelemente 25 so verkleinert, daß sie nur noch Tragarme für die Wellenschaber und weitere Gegenrührelemente 26 bilden.Fig. 7 shows an embodiment in which the disc elements 25 are arranged so that their entire surface is heated only by heat conduction, which leads to a cheaper production and better installation options. If the heat exchange surface of the housing is sufficient, the disk elements 25 are reduced so that they only form support arms for the shaft scrapers and further counter-stirring elements 26.

Fig. 8, 9 und 10 zeigen einige der vielen möglichen Anordnungen von Rührelementen 35, 36, 37 sowie Wellenschabern und weiteren Gegenknetelementen 26 in einer Abwicklung. In dieser Abwicklung ist das zylindrische Gehäuse 1 oben aufgeschnitten und in einer Ebene heruntergeklappt. Entsprechend sind die Scheibenelemente 25 auf ihrem äußeren Umfang auf dieser Ebene projiziert.8, 9 and 10 show some of the many possible arrangements of stirring elements 35, 36, 37 as well as shaft scrapers and further counter-kneading elements 26 in one development. In this development, the cylindrical housing 1 is cut open at the top and folded down in one plane. Correspondingly, the disk elements 25 are projected onto this plane on their outer circumference.

Fig. 8 zeigt eine Hälfte der Maschine, bei der alle Scheibenelemente senkrecht zur axialen Längslinie der Welle liegen, wobei die Wellenschaber 26 und die Rührelemente 35, 36, 37 genau axial angebracht sind.8 shows one half of the machine in which all the disk elements are perpendicular to the axial longitudinal line of the shaft, the shaft scrapers 26 and the stirring elements 35, 36, 37 being mounted exactly axially.

Besser als diese Anordnung ist in den meisten Fällen die Anordnung nach Fig. 9, bei der die Knetarme 32 nicht mehr auf einer genau axialen Linie sitzen, sondern auf einer Linie, die dem Transportwinkel 40 der Rührelemente 37 entspricht. Dies hat den Vorteil, daß der Produkttransport erleichtert wird.In most cases, the arrangement according to FIG. 9 is better than this arrangement, in which the kneading arms 32 no longer sit on an exactly axial line, but on a line which corresponds to the transport angle 40 of the stirring elements 37. This has the advantage that product transport is made easier.

In dieser Fig. 9 stehen auch die Wellenschaber 26 in einem Winkel zur axialen Gehäuseachse und zwar entgegengesetzt zum Transportwinkel 40 der Knet-, Rühr- und Transportelemente. Dieser scherenartige Eingriff kann die Knetwirkung des Systems erhöhen.In this FIG. 9, the shaft scrapers 26 are also at an angle to the axial housing axis and in fact opposite to the transport angle 40 of the kneading, stirring and transport elements. This scissor-like intervention can increase the kneading effect of the system.

Das System nach Fig. 10 zeigt ein Beispiel, wie die Produktansammlungen und daraus resultierende Verdichtungen und hohe Leistungsaufnahmen erheblich verringert werden können. Die Anordnung der Knetarme und Scheibenelemente bzw. der Rührelemente, Wellenschaber und weiterer gegenrührelemente 26 wurde so gewählt, daß nie eine Mehrzahl von Elementen gleichzeitig miteinander in Eingriff sind. Diesem Zweck dient auch die Versetzung der Scheibenelemente rechts gegenüber den Scheibenelementen links um einen bestimmten Umfangswinkel.The system according to FIG. 10 shows an example of how the product accumulations and the resulting densifications and high power consumption can be significantly reduced. The arrangement of the kneading arms and disk elements or of the stirring elements, shaft scrapers and further counter-stirring elements 26 was chosen such that a plurality of elements are never in engagement with one another at the same time. This is also the purpose of displacing the disk elements on the right with respect to the disk elements on the left by a certain circumferential angle.

Bei einem Knetmischer in einer Anordnung für kontinuierlichen Betrieb gemäß Fig. 11 ist der eigentliche Arbeitsraum im Gehäuse 101, das mit einem Heizmantel bzw. Heizkanälen 102 umgeben ist, dreiteilig ausgeführt. Die einzelnen Gehäuseteile sind mit Flanschverbindungen 103 miteinander verbunden. Mit ähnlichen lösbaren Flanschverbindungen sind an das Arbeitsgehäuse ein Auslaufgehäuse 104, eine Lagerlaterne 105 und eine Antriebslaterne 106 angeschraubt.In the case of a kneading mixer in an arrangement for continuous operation according to FIG. 11, the actual working space in the housing 101, which is surrounded by a heating jacket or heating channels 102, is made in three parts. The individual housing parts are connected to one another with flange connections 103. An outlet housing 104, a bearing lantern 105 and a drive lantern 106 are screwed onto the working housing with similar detachable flange connections.

An dem Gehäuse 101 bzw. dem Auslaufgehäuse 104 sind ein Füllstutzen 107, ein Auslaufstutzen 108, ein Brüdenstutzen 109 und ein Reinigungs- und Beobachtungsstutzen 110 angeordnet. Die Stutzen 111, 112 und 113 dienen als Entleerungsstutzen. An den beiden Enden des Produktraumes sind in der gezeichneten Ausführung die Stirnwände 114 und 115 in die Flanschverbindung eingeklemmt, während 116 und 117 Blechringe sind, an denen Scheibenelemente 119 und 120 als Gegenknetelemente befestigt sind.A filler neck 107, an outlet neck 108, a vapor neck 109 and a cleaning and observation neck 110 are arranged on the housing 101 and the outlet housing 104. The sockets 111, 112 and 113 serve as emptying sockets. In the illustrated embodiment, the end walls 114 and 115 are clamped into the flange connection at the two ends of the product space, while 116 and 117 are sheet metal rings to which disk elements 119 and 120 are fastened as counter-kneading elements.

An der Flanschverbindung zwischen Knetgehäuse und Ausluafgehäuse ist eine Niveauplatte 121 befestigt, welche die Produkthöhe in dem Knetmischer reguliert. Die Blechringe 116 und 117 sind entweder durch die Flanschverbindungen 103 gehalten oder als Scheibenelemente 119 und 120 direkt in das Gehäuse 101 eingeschweißt oder angeschraubt. Jedes Screibenelement ist entlang der Knetwelle mit den axial ausladenden Gegenknetelementen bzw. Wellenschabern 123 und 124 versehen, zwischen denen jeweils eine Lücke 125 angeordnet ist, um den Durchgang der auf der Knetwelle 130 befestigten Knetarme 131 zu ermöglichen. Die Scheibenelemente können auch als Ring ausgebildet sein, welcher in das Gehäuseinnere von der Innenwand her einkragt.A level plate 121 is attached to the flange connection between the kneading housing and the outlet housing, which regulates the product height in the kneading mixer. The sheet metal rings 116 and 117 are either held by the flange connections 103 or welded or screwed directly into the housing 101 as disk elements 119 and 120. Each scraper element is provided along the kneading shaft with the axially protruding counter kneading elements or shaft scrapers 123 and 124, between each of which a gap 125 is arranged in order to allow the passage of the kneading arms 131 fastened on the kneading shaft 130. The disc elements can also be designed as a ring which projects into the interior of the housing from the inner wall.

Der Knetmischer besteht aus der Knetwelle 130, auf der mittels der Knetarme 131 Knet- oder Rührelemente 132 und Transportelemente 133 befestigt sind.The kneading mixer consists of the kneading shaft 130, on which kneading or stirring elements 132 and transport elements 133 are fastened by means of the kneading arms 131.

An den Enden der Knetwelle 130 sind die Antriebs- und Lagerwellenzapfen 134 und 135 eingesetzt. Die Stopfbüchsen 136 und 137 dichten den Wellendurchgang gegen den Produktionsraum ab. Die gesamte Knetwelle 130 ist in Lagern 138 und 139 abgestützt und mittels eines Getriebes 140 von einem Elektromotor angetrieben. Der Vor- und Rücklauf des Heizmittels für die Beheizung der Knetwelle erfolgt über einen Gleitringdichtungskopf 141. Im vorliegenden Fall ist jedes Rührelement 132 mit einer Schabkante 142, einer axialen Schabkante 144 und einer Knetspaltfläche 143 versehen (siehe Fig. 13). Bei dem Vorbeigehen der Knetelemente an den Scheibenelementen 119 und 120 als Gegenknetelementen wird das abgeschabte Produkt in bekannter Weise einer starken Knetwirkung unterworfen.The drive and bearing shaft journals 134 and 135 are inserted at the ends of the kneading shaft 130. The stuffing boxes 136 and 137 seal the shaft passage against the production room. The entire kneading shaft 130 is supported in bearings 138 and 139 and driven by an electric motor by means of a gear 140. The heating medium for heating the kneading shaft is fed back and forth via a mechanical seal head 141. In the present case, each stirring element 132 is provided with a scraping edge 142, an axial scraping edge 144 and a kneading gap surface 143 (see FIG. 13). When the kneading elements pass the disk elements 119 and 120 as counter-kneading elements, the scraped-off product is subjected to a strong kneading effect in a known manner.

Das in dem Stutzen 107 aufgegebene Produkt wird von den Knetelementen 132 erfaßt und wechselweise zwischen den gegenüberliegenden Scheibenflächen einer starken Knetwirkung unterworfen. Sobald das Produktniveau die Knetwelle erreicht hat, wird es von den Wellenschabern 123 und 124 erfaßt. Diese Schabermesser sind im vorliegenden Fall (hier jedoch nicht gezeigt) schräg gestellt. Durch diese Schrägstellung erfolgt der axiale Transport des Materials durch die einzelnen Kneträume zwischen den Scheibenflächen der Maschine. Sobald das Produktniveau in der ganzen Maschine erreicht ist, fällt das Produkt über die obere Kante der Niveauplatte 121 in das Auslaufgehäuse 104 und wird dort durch einen rahmenförmigen Rührbalken 145 dem Auslaufstutzen 108 zugeführt. 133 sind die Transportelemente, die dafür Sorge tragen, daß das von den Rührelementen 132 zwischen den gegenüberliegenden Scheibenflächen hinund hergedrückte Produkt sich wieder gleichmäßig auf die beiden Scheibenflächen als gegenknetelemente verteilt. Die hier gezeigten Transportelemente 133 können auch als in eine Richtung schräggestellte Flächen ausgeführt sein, die dann als zusätzliche axial wirkende Transportelemente für das Produkt durch die Maschine wirken. Es ist auch eine Rückführung des Materials durch solche Transportelemente in der Maschine möglich.The product fed into the nozzle 107 is gripped by the kneading elements 132 and alternately subjected to a strong kneading action between the opposite disc surfaces. As soon as the product level has reached the kneading shaft, it is gripped by the shaft scrapers 123 and 124. In the present case (but not shown here), these doctor blades are inclined. This inclination means that the material is transported axially through the individual knee spaces between the disc surfaces of the machine. As soon as the product level is reached in the entire machine, the product falls over the upper edge of the level plate 121 into the outlet housing 104 and is fed there to the outlet nozzle 108 through a frame-shaped stirring bar 145. 133 are the transport elements which ensure that the product pushed back and forth by the stirring elements 132 between the opposite disc surfaces is again distributed evenly over the two disc surfaces as counter-kneading elements. The transport elements 133 shown here can also be designed as surfaces inclined in one direction, which then act as additional axially acting transport elements for the product through the machine. It is also possible for the material to be returned in the machine by means of such transport elements.

Der in Fig. 14 gezeigte Querschnitt läßt noch eine andere Anordnung der Wellenschaber 123 und 124 erkennen, wobei durch die Stellung des Schabmessers, mit der das Produkt in den Raum zwischen zwei Schabflächen gepreßt wird, sich eine erhöhte Knetwirkung ergibt.The cross section shown in FIG. 14 shows yet another arrangement of the shaft scrapers 123 and 124, the kneading action resulting from the position of the scraping diameter with which the product is pressed into the space between two scraping surfaces resulting in an increased kneading effect.

Diese Knetwirkung kann noch dadurch erhöht werden, daß einzelne Bereiche der Scheibenelemente 119 und 120 durch axial ausladende Fangbleche 128 das Ausweichen des Produktes nach innen verhindern (siehe auch Fig. 15). Dies ergibt eine Einengung des Querschnitts beim Durchgang der Knetelemente und eine erhöhte Knetwirkung.This kneading effect can be further increased by the fact that individual areas of the disk elements 119 and 120 prevent the product from escaping inwards by axially protruding catch plates 128 (see also FIG. 15). This results in a narrowing of the cross section when the kneading elements pass through and an increased kneading effect.

In der Abwicklung nach Fig. 15, dem dazugehörigen Querschnitt nach Fig. 16 und der perspektivischen Darstellung in Fig. 17 sind die Wellenschaber 123 und 124 schräg angeordnet, und den axialen Transport des Produktes durch die Maschine Zu gewährleisten. Die Knetelarme 150 sind bei dieser Ausführung als Mehrflächen-Knetelemente ausgeführt, wobei das Material zunächst durch die Schabkante 151 die Innenwand des Gehäuses 1 abreinigt und mit Schabkanten 152 den äußeren an die Innenwand anschließenden Teil der Scheibenelemente abschabt.In the development according to FIG. 15, the associated cross section according to FIG. 16 and the perspective illustration in FIG. 17, the shaft scrapers 123 and 124 are arranged obliquely, and to ensure the axial transport of the product through the machine. In this embodiment, the kneading arms 150 are designed as multi-surface kneading elements, the material first cleaning the inner wall of the housing 1 through the scraping edge 151 and scraping the outer part of the disk elements adjoining the inner wall with scraping edges 152.

Die zu diesen Schabkanten gehörenden Ableitflächen für das Produkt leiten das abgeschabte Produkt direkt in den Knetspalt 153 gegen die gegenüberliegende Scheibenelementfläche. Der innere Teil der Scheibenelemente wird von der Kante 154 gereinigt.The discharge surfaces for the product belonging to these scraping edges guide the scraped product directly into the kneading gap 153 against the opposite disc element surface. The inner part of the disc elements is cleaned from the edge 154.

Das Produkt wird durch die dazugehörige Scheibenfläche mehr nach innen gegen die Knetwelle gelenkt und dort von den entsprechenden Wellenschabern als Knetgegenelementen erfaßt. Hierbei werden die Wellenschaber oft so geformt, daß sie als Gegenknetelemente für die Schaber 154 dienen. Das Prinzip des Mehrflächenschabers kann auch in anderer Form verwirklicht werden. Das Prinzip ist gekennzeichnet durch das Teilen des Produktes in verschiedene Produktströme, die von den nachfolgenden Knetelementen wieder gemischt werden.The product is directed more inwards against the kneading shaft by the associated disc surface and is gripped there by the corresponding shaft scrapers as kneading counter-elements. Here, the shaft scrapers are often shaped in such a way that they serve as counter-kneading elements for the scrapers 154. The principle of the multi-surface scraper can also be implemented in another form. The principle is characterized by dividing the product into different product streams, which are mixed again by the subsequent kneading elements.

Der Querschnitt nach Fig. 18 und der Teillängsschnitt nach Fig. 19 zeigen eine Ausführung mit einem gabelförmigen Knetarm und einem entsprechend geformten Scheibenelement, das insbesondere durch auf die Wellenschaber aufgesetzte radiale Arme 160 gekennzeichnet ist. Die Rührelemente 163 sind über als Scheibenelemente ausgebildete Supporte 165, 162 mit der Knetwelle 130 verbunden und erstreken sich axial entlang der Innenwand des Gehäuses 101, an denen wiederum entlang der feststehenden Scheibenelemente radiale Knetbarren 164 befestigt sind. Bei dem Durchgang der Rührelemente, die gabelförmig in die Scheibenelemente (Scheiben 119, 120 und Arme 160) eingreifen, ergeben sich gute Misch- und Kneteffekte und eine gute Abreinigung der letzteren. Für die Vergrößerung der Wärmeübertagungsfläche sind im vorliegenden Fall die Knetarme im Bereich der Knetwelle 130 ebenfalls als wärmeübertragende, scheibenförmige Ringsegmente ausgebildete, die laufend durch die feststehenden radialen Arme 160 abgereinigt werden. Diese Knetarme können auch einseitig ausgeführt sein, wobei dann zwischen den Scheibenflächen der eine Knetarm die eine feststehende Scheibenfläche abreinigt, während ein zweiter Knetarm diese Arbeit für die gegenüberliegende Scheibenfläche übernimmt. Die Supporte 165, 162 können in einer ringförmigen Ausführung die Knetwelle 130 komplett umschließen.The cross section according to FIG. 18 and the partial longitudinal section according to FIG. 19 show an embodiment with a fork-shaped kneading arm and a correspondingly shaped disk element, which is characterized in particular by radial arms 160 placed on the shaft scraper. The stirring elements 163 are connected to the kneading shaft 130 via supports 165, 162 designed as disk elements and extend axially along the inner wall of the housing 101, to which radial kneading bars 164 are in turn fastened along the fixed disk elements. Good mixing and kneading effects and good cleaning of the latter result from the passage of the stirring elements which engage in a fork shape in the disc elements (discs 119, 120 and arms 160). To enlarge the heat transfer area, in the present case the kneading arms in the area of the kneading shaft 130 are likewise designed as heat-transmitting, disk-shaped ring segments which are continuously cleaned by the fixed radial arms 160. These kneading arms can also be designed on one side, in which case one kneading arm between the disk surfaces cleans the one fixed disk surface, while a second kneading arm takes over this work for the opposite disk surface. The supports 165, 162 can completely enclose the kneading shaft 130 in an annular design.

Die hier gezeigten Verwirklichungen des Erfindungsgegenstandes können in mannigfaltiger Weise miteinander variiert werden. Z. B. können in einer Maschine mehrere Arten von Knetelementen angeordnet sein. Die Knetelemente können, soweit das gegenseitige Ineinanderarbeiten von Knetelement und Knetgegenelement dies erlaubt, in abgebogenen und verwundenen Formen ausgeführt werden.The realizations of the subject matter of the invention shown here can be varied with one another in manifold ways. For example, several types of kneading elements can be arranged in one machine. The kneading elements can, insofar as the mutual interaction of the kneading element and the kneading counter element permits, be carried out in bent and twisted forms.

Für den Chargenbetrieb eines Knetmischers werden die gleichen Prinzipien angewendet. Die Transportelemente werden in diesem Fall jedoch so ausgewählt, daß in der Maschine das Produkt in zwei Kreisen zirkuliert, wobei zuerst ein Transport axial von der Mitte nach außen und dann wieder zurück in bekannter Weise stattfindet.The same principles are used for batch operation of a kneading mixer. In this case, however, the transport elements are selected so that the product circulates in the machine in two circles, first being transported axially from the center outwards and then back again in a known manner.

Claims (19)

  1. A kneading mixer for processing liquid, viscous pasty substances or solid substances which are able to trickle, with a heatable or coolable cylindrical or trough-shaped housing (1;101) as well as with a kneading shaft (20; 130) rotating coaxially in the same, which supports, distributed over its length, kneading arms (32;131;150) with stirring elements (35, 36,37;39;132;152,154) projecting in the axial direction, whilst several radial disc elements (25; 119, 120) are attached to the housing also distributed over the length thereof, which disc elements, in order to clean the kneading shaft (20;130), support in the gap between said shaft and the stirring elements (35,36,37;39;132;152,154) axially aligned shaft scrapers (26;123,124) extending along the kneading shaft (20;130), which, moreover, together with lateral edges, extending along the side faces of the kneading arms (32;131;150), clean said side faces, wherein the stirring elements (35,36,37;39;132;152,154) in each case reach up to the vicinity of the disc elements (25;119,120).
  2. A kneading mixer according to claim 1, characterised in that the kneading arms (32;131;150) are arranged between the disc elements (25;119,120) in the longitudinal direction in at least one row, which follows a surface line of the rotational cylinder of the kneading shaft (20;130).
  3. A kneading mixer according to claim 1, characterised in that the kneading arms (32;131;150) on the kneading shaft (20;130) are arranged in the longitudinal direction offset relative to the surface line of the rotational cylinder.
  4. A kneading mixer according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that several kneading arms (32;131;150) differing in shape as well as in their spacing from the kneading shaft (20;130) are arranged in a space between the disc elements (25;119,120).
  5. A kneading mixer according to claim 4, characterised in that the kneading arms (32a, 32b, 32c) are adapted to the respective form of the disc elements (25), of the housing inner wall (1) as well as to the shaft scrapers (26) on the disc elements (25).
  6. A kneading mixer according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that at least two rotating kneading arms (32a, 32c) are secured to the kneading shaft (20) in the axial direction between two respective radial disc elements (25), one respective kneading arm (32a) of which extends along only one disc element (25) and a section of the housing casing, whilst the second kneading arm (32c) extends along the opposite disc element (25) and the remaining section of the housing casing between both named radial disc elements (25).
  7. A kneading mixer according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that in each case at least one kneading arm (32;131;150) moves through between the shaft scrapers and possibly further counter stirring elements (26;123,124).
  8. A kneading mixer according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the kneading arms (32;131;150) are provided with stirring elements (35,36,37,39;132;163).
  9. A kneading mixer according to claim 8, characterised in that the stirring elements (35,36,37,39;132;163) are arranged at an angle to the axial surface line of the housing (1,101) in order to effect transport of the product to be processed through the kneading mixer.
  10. A kneading mixer according to claim 8 or 9, characterised in that provided on one kneading arm (32,131,150,162) there are several stirring elements (35,36,37,39;132;163).
  11. A kneading mixer according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the kneading arms (32;131;150) are arranged on carriers (38), which are secured to the kneading shaft (20;130) so that they can be exchanged or released.
  12. A kneading mixer according to at least one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the fixed shaft scrapers (26;123,124) are constructed inclined along the kneading shaft (20;130) relative to the surface lines of the same for axial transport.
  13. A kneading mixer according to claim 12, characterised in that the axially projecting shaft scrapers (26;123,124), secured inside to the disc elements (25;119,120), are provided with faces for radial transport of the product, which faces are constructed to be inclined relative to the radii passing through the centre of the kneading shaft (20;130).
  14. A kneading mixer according to claim 12 to 13, characterised in that in order to increase the kneading effect the disc elements (119, 120) are provided on the inner circuit of motion of the stirring elements (132) with axially projecting collecting plates (128), so that the kneading space, through which the stirring elements pass, is also narrowed inwardly.
  15. A kneading mixer according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterised in that the rotating stirring elements (132) secured with the kneading arms (131) to the kneading shaft (130) are designed such that they have scraping edges (144) on the outer diameter for cleaning the inner diameter of the housing, radial scraping edges (142) for cleaning the fixed disc elements (119,120) and a radial face (143), with which the product, which is scraped off from the inner wall of the housing and the disc element, is led against the opposing disc element into a radial kneading clearance.
  16. A kneading mixer according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterised in that the stirring elements are provided on the kneading arms (150) with several, at least two scraping edges (151,152,154), which scrape the individual regions such as the housing inner wall and the disc faces separately from each other, wherein the diverting faces for the product, belonging to the various scraping edges, are arranged such that the streams of scraped product are divided into various directions, which mix together again wherein at least one of the diverting faces forms a kneading clearance (153) with the fixed disc elements or the housing inner wall.
  17. A kneading mixer according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterised in that each kneading arm on the kneading shaft (130) consists of a radial support (162), an axial scraper (163) along the housing inner face and, secured thereon, radial kneading bars (164) extending from outside inwards, for cleaning the disc elements (119,120) and the associated counter stirring element as radial arm (160), secured to the shaft scrapers (123,124), engages between the support (162) and the kneading bars (164) of the kneading arm.
  18. A kneading mixer at least according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterised in that the support (165, 162) of the rotating kneading arms on the kneading shaft (130) is formed as a disc element or disc ring element (165) for enlarging the heat transfer area.
  19. A kneading mixer according to one of claims 12 to 18, characterised in that on the kneading shaft (130) between the stirring elements (132) there are arranged transport elements (133), which, on the one hand, clean the housing inner wall and, on the other hand, have transport faces, which are inclined relative to the axial surface lines of the housing.
EP87118173A 1986-12-19 1987-12-08 Kneading mixer Expired - Lifetime EP0274668B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87118173T ATE78423T1 (en) 1986-12-19 1987-12-08 KNEADER.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH5102/86A CH672749A5 (en) 1986-12-19 1986-12-19
CH5102/86 1986-12-19
CH3576/87 1987-09-16
CH3576/87A CH673595A5 (en) 1987-09-16 1987-09-16 Rotary mixer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0274668A1 EP0274668A1 (en) 1988-07-20
EP0274668B1 true EP0274668B1 (en) 1992-07-22

Family

ID=25693356

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87118173A Expired - Lifetime EP0274668B1 (en) 1986-12-19 1987-12-08 Kneading mixer

Country Status (4)

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EP (1) EP0274668B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6458333A (en)
CA (1) CA1299444C (en)
DE (1) DE3780608D1 (en)

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KR20150003732A (en) * 2012-04-24 2015-01-09 리스트 홀딩 아게 Device for transporting viscous compounds and pastes

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US5041249A (en) * 1989-12-26 1991-08-20 Exxon Chemical Patent Inc. Process for low-temperature elastomer finishing
DE19940521C2 (en) * 1999-08-26 2003-02-13 List Ag Arisdorf mixing kneader
DE502005006692D1 (en) 2005-04-20 2009-04-09 Buss Sms Canzler Gmbh Large volume mixer / reactor
DE502005010587D1 (en) 2005-12-05 2011-01-05 Buss Sms Canzler Gmbh Large-volume reactor or thin-film evaporator with a premixing unit
CN102962026B (en) * 2012-12-04 2014-02-05 苏州天马精细化学品股份有限公司 Equipment and method for continuously preparing high-purity AKD (Alkyl Ketene Dimer) without solvent
CN107051355A (en) * 2017-03-30 2017-08-18 山东里德工程技术有限公司 A kind of single shaft self-cleaning reactor
CN109432810A (en) * 2018-12-05 2019-03-08 杭州索孚机械有限公司 Horizontal single self-cleaning film evaporator

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DE1020002B (en) * 1953-09-25 1957-11-28 Wilhelm Loedige Mixing machines with mixing and centrifugal elements distributed helically on a shaft in a container
CH434208A (en) * 1965-08-14 1967-04-30 List Heinz Mixing and kneading machine with disc-shaped kneading elements
CH506322A (en) * 1969-03-17 1971-04-30 List Heinz Multi-spindle mixing and kneading machine
AT294020B (en) * 1969-04-08 1971-11-10 Buss Ag Mixing and kneading device
AT311928B (en) * 1969-04-08 1973-12-10 Buss Ag Mixing and kneading device
CH583061A5 (en) * 1972-10-18 1976-12-31 List Heinz
CH657069A5 (en) * 1982-10-04 1986-08-15 List Ind Verfahrenstech HEATABLE AND COOLABLE DISC STIRRERS.

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20150003732A (en) * 2012-04-24 2015-01-09 리스트 홀딩 아게 Device for transporting viscous compounds and pastes
KR102127020B1 (en) 2012-04-24 2020-07-09 리스트 홀딩 아게 Mixing kneader

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA1299444C (en) 1992-04-28
DE3780608D1 (en) 1992-08-27
EP0274668A1 (en) 1988-07-20
JPS6458333A (en) 1989-03-06

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