EP0272164B1 - Electro-aimant polarisé bi-stable - Google Patents

Electro-aimant polarisé bi-stable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0272164B1
EP0272164B1 EP87402356A EP87402356A EP0272164B1 EP 0272164 B1 EP0272164 B1 EP 0272164B1 EP 87402356 A EP87402356 A EP 87402356A EP 87402356 A EP87402356 A EP 87402356A EP 0272164 B1 EP0272164 B1 EP 0272164B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fixed
electromagnet
air gaps
pieces
circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87402356A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0272164A2 (fr
EP0272164A3 (en
Inventor
Christian Bataille
Michel Lauraire
Elie Belbel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telemecanique SA
Original Assignee
La Telemecanique Electrique SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by La Telemecanique Electrique SA filed Critical La Telemecanique Electrique SA
Priority to AT87402356T priority Critical patent/ATE85147T1/de
Publication of EP0272164A2 publication Critical patent/EP0272164A2/fr
Publication of EP0272164A3 publication Critical patent/EP0272164A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0272164B1 publication Critical patent/EP0272164B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1669—Armatures actuated by current pulse, e.g. bistable actuators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature
    • H01H2051/2218—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature having at least one movable permanent magnet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bi-stable polarized electromagnet comprising a fixed magnetizable circuit which is excited by an associated coil in which an electric current flows according to one of two possible polarities, and a movable armature having a permanent magnet on both sides. opposite poles from which two respective pole pieces are connected, this armature being able to move longitudinally between two positions for each of which these pole pieces cooperate with distinct portions of the fixed circuit by means of two air gaps placed in series, one of which at least is variable.
  • Such electromagnets which are widely used in industrial installations and automation systems, for example to reduce energy consumption or to ensure that circuits maintain their state in the event of failure of the power sources, can be illustrated for example by French Patent No. 2,358,006 in which the two variable air gaps are placed in series and evolve simultaneously, while in each of the two stable states, the flux of the permanent magnet closes on a magnetic reluctance circuit negligible.
  • the replacement of a coil is not easy due to the presence of protruding pole pieces.
  • DE-A-3 508 768 describes a polarized electromagnet comprising a moving polarized part devoid of polar extensions, and having two sliding gaps of constant thickness. No magnetically stable position is conferred on this moving part, which moreover requires for its movements the presence of two symmetrical magnetizable systems, therefore of two coils.
  • the moving part which has no variable air gap, is only subjected to weak tangential components of forces of attraction or repulsion developing perpendicular to the direction of movement; a limit to movement is only given by the meeting of feet associated with the ends of openings.
  • the electromagnet according to EP-A-179 911 in the embodiment of Figure 5, has a single coil (11) to cause the excitation of a fixed magnetic circuit (17) having a gap of variable thickness (13) and a flow closing gap (15) of constant thickness, to cause the displacement of a movable armature constituted by a permanent magnet (46) and by two opposite pole pieces (45) .
  • the longitudinal arrangement of the polarization of the magnet requires the use of transverse pole pieces of which only the edges cooperate with the fixed circuit, so that the corresponding reluctances are high.
  • the orientation of the permanent magnets is transverse, but no pole piece is associated with the permanent magnet in order to reduce the reluctance of the air gap of constant thickness.
  • the presence of a residual air gap prevents the development of a holding flow, while no information is given on the location of the guide means.
  • the invention therefore aims to provide an electromagnet having the general constitution mentioned above and in which measures will be taken, on the one hand to reduce the volume of the coil and, on the other hand, to remove the technical difficulties which arise when it is necessary to obtain the simultaneous closure of two air gaps which are not in the same plane; moreover, the invention also aims to conserve the benefit which results in a known manner from the use of the same magnets to stabilize the armature in its two extreme positions.
  • bi-stable electromagnet comprising a fixed magnetic circuit excited by a winding so as to give magnetic polarizations opposite to two fixed parts of this circuit placed opposite one another and a movable armature mounted to slide between these two parts along a longitudinal axis, this armature comprising a transverse polarized permanent magnet, the internal flux of which flows parallel to the two fixed parts and forms with the fixed magnetic circuit two pairs of air gaps, namely, parallel to the longitudinal axis a pair of working air gaps, of variable thickness and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis a pair of sliding closing air gaps, of substantially constant thickness in series with the work gaps.
  • the invention relates to embodiments which make it possible either to reduce the reluctance of the air gaps, the value of which is by construction substantially constant, or to present forms of magnetizable circuits requiring only the application of a number of reduced ampere-turns, or else of producing the electromagnet in forms capable of reducing the parasitic attraction forces which develop between the two neighboring areas of thin air gaps.
  • a movable frame 2 is guided longitudinally along a slide 18 belonging to a housing 19 along longitudinal directions F and G.
  • This armature shown in this figure in an unstable intermediate position - III -, comprises a permanent magnet 3 having transversely opposite pole faces 4 respectively 5, which are respectively connected to magnetizable pole pieces 7 and 6; the pole piece 6 itself comprises two opposite extensions 6 a , 6 b , one of which 6 a cooperates thanks to a constant air gap 10 whose reluctance with a first branch 28 of a fixed magnetizable circuit 13 having a second branch 26 is weak and substantially constant when the armature moves.
  • variable air gap 9 Between one end 12 of the branch 29 and the pole piece 7 is a variable air gap 9 whose reluctance varies according to the position of the frame.
  • the second extension 6b cooperates with an air gap 24 whose reluctance is low and substantially constant, with one end 26 of a second fixed magnetizable part 25; this second magnetizable part has, moreover, another end 27 which is placed opposite the pole piece 7, and is separated from the latter by a gap 23 whose reluctance varies according to the longitudinal position of the frame.
  • each pair comprises, on the one hand, an air gap of variable reluctance 9 respectively 23 and, on the other hand, an air gap 10 respectively 24 of low and substantially constant reluctance.
  • the air gaps 10 and 24 are established by surfaces close to and parallel to the direction - F, G -.
  • one or more elastic members acting in direction F or G can be associated with the frame, these members will not be involved in the balance of forces exerted on it. , when opposite excitations are communicated to the coil and to the circuits thanks to the circulation in one direction or the other of a current in the latter.
  • FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 which include circuits in solid lines to represent the flux ⁇ B developed by the coil, and circuits in dashed lines to represent those ⁇ a , ⁇ a1 , ⁇ a2 which are developed by the permanent magnet.
  • the flux ⁇ a of the magnet closes through the pole piece 7, the branch 29, the core 30, the branch 28, the air gap 10 of low reluctance, the extension 6b and the pole piece 6, because the pieces 7 and 12 are practically in contact and a force of attraction applies the armature against the circuit fixed 13; a small leakage flow ⁇ f1 also closes through the fixed part 25.
  • the flux of the magnet is divided into two fluxes ⁇ a1 , ⁇ a2 , flowing respectively in the fixed circuit 13 and in the fixed circuit 25, so that the motor actions in direction F and in direction G developed by this magnet, are equal and of opposite direction.
  • the return of the armature from the - II - position to the - I - original position is also effected by means of a short-term excitation of the coil which is then traversed by a current in the opposite direction to the previous one.
  • the U shape given here to the cylinder head 13 makes it possible to replace the coil 14 by relative displacements of direction F and G thereof.
  • the sliding air gaps of low reluctance previously referenced 10 and 24 are no longer present and the pole piece or expansion 39 of the armature 31 is associated by a single air gap E of low reluctance with a magnetizable cross-member 33 which longitudinally connects the branch 34 of the fixed magnetizable circuit 35 associated with the coil 36, with the second fixed part 37.
  • the movable frame 32 can be guided longitudinally in directions F and G in the housing, by virtue of a slide of the housing 39 shown diagrammatically at 38 of the housing.
  • This embodiment is interesting insofar as it allows a reduction in the mass of the armature by requiring only one air gap of low reluctance E; however, the latter combines the functions of the two preceding air gaps, as shown by the dotted line dividing the flux of the magnet into two flows ⁇ a1 and ⁇ a2 flowing through two neighboring air gaps e 1 and e 2 .
  • the means used to operate the longitudinal guide of the armature must take into account the existence of transverse forces of attraction which develop between the magnetizable parts separated by the sliding air gaps. 10, 24 on the one hand and E on the other; these parasitic lateral forces generate additional friction. Furthermore, disassembly of the coil 36 is not directly possible, unless the cylinder head 35 has a pole piece 35 a which can be separated from the branch 34.
  • One of the means that can be used to very substantially reduce these parasitic lateral forces in an embodiment 1 a consists in passing through the extensions 6 a , 6 b two openings 41, 42 of sections analogs which will be arranged in a leg 28 a of the fixed circuit 13 a and respectively in the end 26 a of the fixed part 25 a .
  • the pole piece 32 a of the armature 31 a is provided with an opening 43 surrounding with a low reluctance air gap E 1 a crosspiece 33 a of similar section.
  • the electromagnets advantageously take the form of magnetizable pots where the balancing of the attraction forces is operated simultaneously as well as an efficient and economical guidance.
  • the axis of symmetry XX ′, respectively YY ′ passes substantially through the pole piece 6 or respectively crosspiece 33, described above, and the coils 51 respectively 61 are housed in cavities annulars 52 respectively 62 concentric to XX ', respectively YY'.
  • the reinforcements 53 respectively 63 use here permanent magnets 54 respectively 64, having, for example, annular shapes visible in FIG. 14.
  • a common advantage of embodiments 50, 60, 70, 80 is that they make it possible to easily change the coils 51, 61, 71, 81 thanks to the presence of removable bottoms 55, 65, 72, 82 and respectively covers 56, 66 placed in accessible regions of housings 57, 67, 73, 83 shaped to keep the other fixed and non-removable parts.
  • Variants can be presented by operating combinations of structures, see FIGS. 12 and 13, in which the two sliding air gaps of low reluctance are arranged, one 91 respectively 92 at the periphery of a first fixed and magnetizable part 93 respectively 94, the other 95 respectively 96 in a central region of a second magnetizable fixed part 97 respectively 98.
  • one of the attraction air gaps which has been moved away from the permanent magnet 100 has also been moved towards the bottom 99 of the fixed part 97.
  • the movable armatures, such as 101, respectively 103 take the form of discs as is the case in FIGS. 8 to 13, it is possible to use either a single permanent magnet 102 having an annular shape, see FIG. 14, or again a multiplicity of permanent magnets which are fitted in cells such as 104, respectively 105 and which can take circular shapes 106 or respectively rectangular 107; in all cases shown here, the magnetization axes are radial.
  • magnets mobile armatures having forms of revolution, other non-radial magnetization directions.
  • the reinforcements 110 respectively 111 use the same type of annular magnet 112 in which the proportion of the height relative to the average diameter has been increased and where the direction of the magnetization NS is parallel to the axis of revolution KK ⁇ .
  • Massive pole pieces 113, 114 which can be associated with each of the magnetic poles along the external and internal surfaces of the magnet, see FIG. 16, lead here to operate an axial offset - d - of the sliding air gaps.
  • turned or stamped pole pieces 115, respectively 116 are associated with the permanent magnet 112 by means of narrowing respectively widening of their average diameters so that the sliding gaps are here arranged by a transverse mean plane MM ⁇ which is substantially the same as that of the magnet.
  • Comparable arrangements can naturally be chosen when the movable armatures do not assume a form of revolution, as is done in FIGS. 1 to 7.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
EP87402356A 1986-11-19 1987-10-21 Electro-aimant polarisé bi-stable Expired - Lifetime EP0272164B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87402356T ATE85147T1 (de) 1986-11-19 1987-10-21 Bistabiler polarisierter elektromagnet.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8616071A FR2606927B1 (fr) 1986-11-19 1986-11-19 Electro-aimant polarise bistable
FR8616071 1986-11-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0272164A2 EP0272164A2 (fr) 1988-06-22
EP0272164A3 EP0272164A3 (en) 1988-07-27
EP0272164B1 true EP0272164B1 (fr) 1993-01-27

Family

ID=9340967

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87402356A Expired - Lifetime EP0272164B1 (fr) 1986-11-19 1987-10-21 Electro-aimant polarisé bi-stable

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4782315A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0272164B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPH0797531B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE85147T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH675500A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3783887T2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2606927B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB2197754B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1222989B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Families Citing this family (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2625382A1 (fr) * 1987-12-23 1989-06-30 Aerospatiale Butee a verrouillage magnetique
US4978935A (en) * 1988-01-25 1990-12-18 Jerzy Hoffman Electromagnetic relay
US4868695A (en) * 1988-03-30 1989-09-19 Magnetic Peripherals Inc. Head/arm lock mechanism for a disk drive
US4922217A (en) * 1988-06-17 1990-05-01 Hsc Controls, Inc. Torque motor with magnet armature
IL91041A0 (en) * 1988-07-28 1990-02-09 H U Dev Corp Solenoid actuator
US5272458A (en) * 1988-07-28 1993-12-21 H-U Development Corporation Solenoid actuator
US5268662A (en) * 1988-08-08 1993-12-07 Mitsubishi Mining & Cement Co., Ltd. Plunger type electromagnet
US5170144A (en) * 1989-07-31 1992-12-08 Solatrol, Inc. High efficiency, flux-path-switching, electromagnetic actuator
DE3942542A1 (de) * 1989-12-22 1991-06-27 Lungu Cornelius Bistabiler magnetantrieb mit permanentmagnetischem hubanker
US5809157A (en) * 1996-04-09 1998-09-15 Victor Lavrov Electromagnetic linear drive
US5984210A (en) * 1997-11-04 1999-11-16 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel injector utilizing a solenoid having complementarily-shaped dual armatures
DE29916233U1 (de) 1999-09-15 2001-01-25 Schaltbau AG, 81677 München Bistabiles Schütz
US6414577B1 (en) 2000-02-14 2002-07-02 Jerzy Hoffman Core with coils and permanent magnet for switching DC relays, RF microwave switches, and other switching applications
DE20114466U1 (de) * 2001-09-01 2002-01-03 Eto Magnetic Kg Elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung
FR2868595B1 (fr) * 2004-04-01 2013-10-18 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Dispositif de commutation electrique, relais, prise de courant et appareils electriques comportant un tel dispositif
JP5163317B2 (ja) * 2008-06-30 2013-03-13 オムロン株式会社 接点装置
JP5163318B2 (ja) * 2008-06-30 2013-03-13 オムロン株式会社 電磁石装置
JP5206157B2 (ja) * 2008-06-30 2013-06-12 オムロン株式会社 電磁継電器
DE202008015980U1 (de) * 2008-12-03 2010-04-29 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Elektromagnetische Aktuatorvorrichtung
FI20105582A0 (fi) 2010-05-25 2010-05-25 Kaarinan Robottileikkaus Oy Kiinnityslaite, järjestely ja menetelmä työstettävän esineen kiinnittämiseksi työalustaan
DE102012107281B4 (de) * 2012-08-08 2014-03-06 Eto Magnetic Gmbh Bistabile elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung, Ankerbaugruppe sowie Nockenwellenverstellvorrichtung
WO2014042525A1 (en) * 2012-09-11 2014-03-20 Nederlandse Organisatie Voor Toegepast-Natuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Tno Reluctance transducer
DE202014010132U1 (de) * 2013-10-23 2015-04-29 Rhefor Gbr (Vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Arno Mecklenburg, 10999 Berlin) Ziehbackensteuerung mit Umkehrhubmagnet
US10522313B2 (en) 2013-10-23 2019-12-31 Rhefor Gbr Reversing linear solenoid
JP6536472B2 (ja) * 2016-04-28 2019-07-03 株式会社デンソー ソレノイド
JP6834668B2 (ja) * 2017-03-27 2021-02-24 株式会社豊田中央研究所 アクチュエータおよび磁気回路
DE102022116459A1 (de) * 2022-07-01 2024-01-04 Rapa Automotive Gmbh & Co. Kg Bistabiler aktuator mit mittenjoch

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US3203447A (en) * 1963-10-09 1965-08-31 Skinner Prec Ind Inc Magnetically operated valve
GB1196418A (en) * 1966-09-26 1970-06-24 English Electric Co Ltd Improvements relating to Electro-Magnetic Devices
US4097833A (en) * 1976-02-09 1978-06-27 Ledex, Inc. Electromagnetic actuator
JPS5636109A (en) * 1979-08-31 1981-04-09 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd Monostable type polar electromagnet
JPS59154006A (ja) * 1983-02-22 1984-09-03 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 有極型ソレノイド
EP0179911B1 (en) * 1984-03-05 1989-06-07 Mitsubishi Mining & Cement Co., Ltd. Electromagnetic actuator apparatus
US4717900A (en) * 1984-03-30 1988-01-05 Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha Low profile electromagnetic linear motion device
JPS61237325A (ja) * 1985-04-13 1986-10-22 山本　誠二 作動片の駆動装置
EP0232897A3 (en) * 1986-02-10 1988-08-10 OMRON Corporation Electromagnet device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0272164A2 (fr) 1988-06-22
IT1222989B (it) 1990-09-12
DE3783887T2 (de) 1993-05-27
EP0272164A3 (en) 1988-07-27
IT8722411A0 (it) 1987-10-26
GB2197754A (en) 1988-05-25
GB2197754B (en) 1991-07-03
GB8725418D0 (en) 1987-12-02
JPH0797531B2 (ja) 1995-10-18
FR2606927B1 (fr) 1991-09-13
JPS63141305A (ja) 1988-06-13
CH675500A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1990-09-28
FR2606927A1 (fr) 1988-05-20
DE3783887D1 (de) 1993-03-11
ATE85147T1 (de) 1993-02-15
US4782315A (en) 1988-11-01

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