EP0268635B1 - Reflector antenna with a self-supported feed - Google Patents

Reflector antenna with a self-supported feed Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0268635B1
EP0268635B1 EP87903452A EP87903452A EP0268635B1 EP 0268635 B1 EP0268635 B1 EP 0268635B1 EP 87903452 A EP87903452 A EP 87903452A EP 87903452 A EP87903452 A EP 87903452A EP 0268635 B1 EP0268635 B1 EP 0268635B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reflector
tube
sub
waveguide
antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87903452A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0268635A1 (en
Inventor
Per-Simon Kildal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STIFTELSEN FOR INDUSTRIELL OG TEKNISK FORSKNING VED NTH (SINTEF)
Original Assignee
STIFTELSEN FOR INDUSTRIELL OG TEKNISK FORSKNING VED NTH (SINTEF)
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Priority claimed from NO862192A external-priority patent/NO862192D0/no
Application filed by STIFTELSEN FOR INDUSTRIELL OG TEKNISK FORSKNING VED NTH (SINTEF) filed Critical STIFTELSEN FOR INDUSTRIELL OG TEKNISK FORSKNING VED NTH (SINTEF)
Priority to AT87903452T priority Critical patent/ATE70924T1/de
Publication of EP0268635A1 publication Critical patent/EP0268635A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0268635B1 publication Critical patent/EP0268635B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/13—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination
    • H01Q19/134—Rear-feeds; Splash plate feeds

Definitions

  • the invention consists of a reflector antenna with a self-supported feed of the type indicated in the introduction to Claim of Patent 1, for the transmission or reception of polarized electromagnetic waves.
  • the antenna is principally intended for the reception of TV signals from satellites, however it can be used as a radio link, and as a ground station for satellite communications.
  • reflector antennas are chiefly used because they are straightforward and inexpensive to manufacture. They also provide greater antenna efficiency and lower side lobes in the radiation pattern than is the case when the feed has to be supported by diagonal struts.
  • the drawback with the latter configuration is that the main reflector becomes blocked.
  • a self-supported feed is also easily accessible from the back of the reflector, thus is frequently selected when it is best to locate the transmitter and/or the receiver there. This also reduces the loss that occurs when the waves have to be led in a cable along one of the support struts.
  • A.Chlavin "A New Antenna Feed Having Equal E and W-Plane Patterns", IRE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol.AP-2, pp.113-119, July 1954, describes a reflector antenna with a self-supporting feed. However since this antenna uses a wavequide with a rectangular cross-section, it can only transmit or receive waves with one particular linear polarization.
  • the main purpose of the present invention is to design a reflector antenna which has dual polarization with low crosspolarization within the main lobe of the radiation pattern. Dual polarization means that the antenna is capable of receiving or transmitting two waves with ortogonal linear or circular polarization simultaneously.
  • the waveguide must have an almost circular or square cross-section.
  • the surface of the subreflector is treated by e.g. corrugations so that the electromagnetic waves are reflected from and propagated along the surface in approximately the same way regardless of whether the electric field is normal to the surface or is tangential to it. Furthermore, the design of the other geometries of the feed ensures that the cross-polarization remains low within the main lobe of the radiation pattern.
  • the present invention has conceived an antenna where this distance is so small that some of the waves propagate along the surface of the sub-reflector. Then, low cross-polarization is only ensured by a surface where the reflection coefficient for radial waves is made independent of the polarization, e.g. by using corrugations.
  • the main advantager of the present invention over P. Newham's solution is that the diameter of the sub-reflector can be reduced so that the blockage in the centre of the main reflector is also smaller.
  • the dual polarized antenna that radiates around a cylinder is described by A.W.Love, "Scale Model Development of a High Efficiency Dual Polarized Line Feed for the Arecibo Spherical Reflector", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. AP-21, pp. 628-639, Sept. 1973.
  • This antenna is however a linear array antenna consisting of numerous elements, which feed a main spherical reflector antenna. Further, this antenna has no sub-reflector.
  • the tube in the present invention is cylindrical rather than conical, the sub-reflector and the outside of the tube are unable to form radial waveguides. Consequently, the waves are not propagated in the form of radial wave modes in this area, as is the case in the US Patent mentioned above.
  • the US Patent describes an antenna with a ring-shaped focus (the equivalent to the phase centre of the feed element) in the opening or aperture of the radial waveguide, and there is no subreflector outside this phase-centre.
  • the feeds ring-shaped phase centre is close to the cylindrically shaped apeture surface between the end of the tube and the middle of the sub-reflector. Consequently, in the invention the sub-reflector is mainly outside the phase centre.
  • both walls in the radial waveguide have circular corrugations which are approximtely 0.25 ⁇ wavelengths deep. These corrugations give the walls an anisotropic surface impedance which results in the radial waves being propagated so that they are independent of the polarization in the waveguide.
  • the sub-reflector which is supplied with such an anisotropic, reactive surface impedance.
  • the invention is based on a theoretical model concerning the way in which radiation is released from a circumferencial slot in a cylindrical tube (cf. the paper mentioned in IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., Vol. AP-34, Feb.1986).
  • the antenna in Fig. 1 consists of a dish-shaped main reflector 10. In the middle of this there is a self-supporting tubular feed element 11. This consists of a cylindrical tube 12, and a sub-reflector 13. The tube and the sub-reflector are separated by a space 14 which is bounded on the outside by a circular, cylindrical aperture surface 16 which will henceforth be termed the aperture surface or the aperture.
  • Fig. 2 shows an axial section through the feed.
  • the tube 12 contains a cylindrical waveguide 15 which preferably has a circular cross-section.
  • the tube can also be such a waveguide itself.
  • the waveguide is constructed to propagate the basic mode. This is the TE11 mode when the internal cross-section is circular with smooth conducting walls.
  • the waveguide must have a larger diameter than 0,6 (approx.) wavelengths ⁇ and be smaller then 1,2 ⁇ (approx.).
  • the tube and the waveguide are mostly made of conducting materials. Though a smooth surface is shown it could also be manufactured so that the surface impedance is anisotropic and reactive.
  • the thickness of the walls measured between the inside of the waveguide and the outside of the tube is under 1.0 ⁇ (approx.).
  • the wall can also be extremely thin.
  • Fig. 2 shows a case where the intermediate space 14 extends slightly into the tube so that a circular waveguide is formed with a larger diameter than waveguide 15.
  • the intermediate space can also have another design.
  • the sub-reflector is drawn as a plate with a conical element in the middle. It can also be shaped otherwise.
  • the part of the sub-reflector's surface that is located outside the aperture surface 16 is drawn to appear smooth, however in fact it is treated so that the surface impedance is anisotropic and reactive. This ensures that the electromagnetic waves are reflected from and propagate along the surface in approximately the same way regardless of whether the electric fields are normal to the surface or are tangential to it. This is important to achieve low cross-polarization.
  • the best results come from making the surface impedance so that there is only a minor amount of radiation in a radial direction along the sub-reflector both when the fields are normal to the surface and when the fields are tangential to it.
  • the diameter of the sub-reflector is always larger than the diameter of the tube, typical values are between 3 ⁇ and 6 ⁇ .
  • the aperture surface 16 is indicated in Fig. 2 by a broken line.
  • the cross-section of the aperture 16 is under 1,0 ⁇ , preferably 0,5 ⁇ (approx.).
  • the end of the waveguide 15 is marked by a broken line.
  • Fig. 3 shows an axial section of a sub-reflector 13 where the other part that lies outside the aperture 16 has circular corrugations or grooves 17 in the surface. These grooves are about 0,25 ⁇ deep.
  • the objective is as mentioned before to obtain as little radiation as possible in a radial direction along the sub-reflector both when the fields are normal to the surface and also when the fields are tangential to it. This is important to obtain low cross-polarization. This objective can also be achieved by a surface with other characteristics.
  • Fig. 4 shows an axial cross-section of a tube 12 where there are circular corrugations 18 in the surface. These corrugations are about 0,25 ⁇ deep and produce an anisotropic reactive surface impedance. The purpose is to obtain as little radiation as possible along the tube when the fields are orthogonal to the surface and when they are tangential to it. This can also be achieved by a surface with different characteristics.
  • Fig. 5 shows a cross-section of a tube 12 where the surface has longitudinal corrugations 19, these are filled with dielectric with a relative permittivity of ⁇ .
  • the depth of the corrugations 0,25 ⁇ / ⁇ -1 .
  • These corrugations provide an anisotropic reactive surface impedance.
  • the objective is to produce powerful radiation along the tube both when the field is normal to the surface and when it is tangential to it. This can also be managed by using a surface with other characteristics.
  • Fig. 6 shows a normal means of designing the feed element.
  • the space 14 is filled with a dielectric plug 21 which is glued or screwed into both the tube and the sub-reflector by means of an extra corrugation 23 inside the aperture surface or by means of a central outlet 22 in the conical part 20 of the sub-reflector 13.
  • the part of the sub-reflector which lies outside the aperture surface is plane and has circular corrugations.
  • the dielectric plug 21 passes into the tube and forms a cylindrical waveguide with a larger diameter than the waveguide 15.
  • Fig. 7 also shows the design in Fig. 6.
  • the critical dimensions which must be trimmed in the laboratory model are marked x,y,z and 2a.
  • a wave in the TE11 mode is propagated in the waveguide 15. This wave is coupled to two modes at the surface of the aperture 16. For one mode the electric fields are directed exclusively in the z-direction (z-mode), and for the other the fields are directed in the azimuth-direction transverse to the z-direction ( ⁇ -mode). These two modes radiate out of the aperture 16, the z- mode principally in the E-plane and the ⁇ -mode chiefly in the H-plane. To get a rotationally, symmetrical radiation pattern with low cross-polarization, the radiation patterns in the E- and H-planes must be similar in both amplitude and phase.
  • the anisotropic and reactive surface impedance to the sub-reflector 13 is the reason why the z-mode radiates the same way in the E- plane as the ⁇ -mode radiates in the H-plane.
  • the internal dimensions of the feed element are controlled so that the z-mode and the ⁇ -mode are excited by the correct amplitude and phase, relatively speaking.
  • the z-mode and the ⁇ - mode radiate differently along the tube. This can be improved by making the surface impedance along the tube anisotropic and reactive as described previously. This is an extra cost and was not found to be necessary for the application the alternative in Fig. 6 was developed for.
  • the reactive and anisotropic surface impedance of the sub- reflector is realized by means of circular corrugations 17. These prevent the z-mode radiating strongly in the radial direction.
  • the excitation of the ⁇ -mode and the z-mode are controlled by varying the dimensions of x, y, z and 2a in Fig. 7. The best results are obtained if the external part of the tube forms a waveguide with a larger diameter than the waveguide 15, enabling both the TE11 and the TM 11 modes to propagated here.
  • the resulting radiation pattern from the feed antenna has low cross-polarization. Unfortunately there are considerable phase errors because the source of radiation, the aperture 16, is a long way from the axis.
  • phase errors can be compensated for by shaping the main reflector differently from a parabolic surface. It the diameter of the tube is about 1 ⁇ , the optimal reflector shape will deviate by upto 1,6 mm from the best fitted parabola. The resultant radiation characteristics of the whole antenna are excellent and have low cross-polarization.
  • Fig. 6 shows one design of the antenna, it should nevertheless be apparent from the claims of patent that there are numerous other forms of design possible.
  • the part of the sub-reflector's surface which is outside the aperture 16 has an anisotropic and reactive surface impedance, and that the sub-reflector is located as close to the end of the waveguide 15 that the field at the aperture surface is described by two modes.
  • Other common features are that the geometries of the central part 20 of the sub-reflector 13 and the condition of the intermediate space 14 is designed so that the required modes are excited with the correct phase and amplitude, relatively speaking.
  • This design makes particular allowance on how the modes radiate both along the tube and the surface of the sub-reflector.
  • the ideal shape is when the radiation patterns from both modes are integrated in an optimal manner so that the resultant pattern is in rotational symmetry and has low cross-polarization. Altering the shape of the intermediate space or filling this completely or partially with dielectric, are two means of influencing the relative excitation of the modes.
  • the self-supporting feed antenna has already been christened and is known as the hat antenna or the hat feed.
  • the tube 12 can be a polygonal or square cylinder.
  • the sub-reflector can be manufactured of plastic with a metallic surface coating.
  • the plug 21 in the intermediate space can be combined with the sub-reflector 13 in other ways that those shown, for instance just one of elements 22 or 23 are used. If only element 23 is used, the sub-reflector will not have a central outlet at its point 20. If only element 22 is used, the sub-reflector will not have any corrugations inside the aperture 16.

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EP87903452A 1986-06-03 1987-06-03 Reflector antenna with a self-supported feed Expired - Lifetime EP0268635B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87903452T ATE70924T1 (de) 1986-06-03 1987-06-03 Reflektorantenne mit einem selbsttragenden speisungsstrahler.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO862192 1986-06-03
NO862192A NO862192D0 (no) 1986-06-03 1986-06-03 Reflektorantenne med selvbaerende mateelement.
NO864563A NO864563L (no) 1986-06-03 1986-11-17 Reflektorantenne med selvbaerende mateelement.
NO864563 1986-11-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0268635A1 EP0268635A1 (en) 1988-06-01
EP0268635B1 true EP0268635B1 (en) 1991-12-27

Family

ID=26647959

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87903452A Expired - Lifetime EP0268635B1 (en) 1986-06-03 1987-06-03 Reflector antenna with a self-supported feed

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0268635B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPH01500790A (ja)
AT (1) ATE70924T1 (ja)
DE (1) DE3775528D1 (ja)
NO (2) NO864563L (ja)
WO (1) WO1987007771A1 (ja)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110140257A (zh) * 2016-12-30 2019-08-16 华为技术有限公司 一种天线及通信设备

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4002913A1 (de) * 1990-02-01 1991-08-08 Ant Nachrichtentech Doppelreflektor-antenne
GB9007976D0 (en) * 1990-04-09 1990-06-06 Marconi Electronic Devices Antenna arrangement
AU9011998A (en) * 1997-08-21 1999-03-16 Kildal Antenna Consulting Ab Improved reflector antenna with a self-supported feed
SE515493C2 (sv) 1999-12-28 2001-08-13 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Subreflektor, matare samt reflektorantenn innefattande en sådan subreflektor.
JPWO2006064536A1 (ja) * 2004-12-13 2008-06-12 三菱電機株式会社 アンテナ装置
JP6051904B2 (ja) * 2013-02-06 2016-12-27 三菱電機株式会社 アンテナ装置用一次放射器、およびアンテナ装置
US9246233B2 (en) 2013-03-01 2016-01-26 Optim Microwave, Inc. Compact low sidelobe antenna and feed network
JP6198647B2 (ja) * 2014-03-19 2017-09-20 三菱電機株式会社 アンテナ装置
CN104979622A (zh) * 2014-04-08 2015-10-14 蒋云阳 异形圆锥柱宽频带天线

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE466752A (ja) * 1945-07-21
NL272285A (ja) * 1960-12-19
DE2240893A1 (de) * 1972-08-19 1974-03-07 Gruenzweig & Hartmann Spiegelantenne, insbesondere fuer das 12 ghz-band

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110140257A (zh) * 2016-12-30 2019-08-16 华为技术有限公司 一种天线及通信设备

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0268635A1 (en) 1988-06-01
NO163928B (no) 1990-04-30
DE3775528D1 (de) 1992-02-06
WO1987007771A1 (en) 1987-12-17
ATE70924T1 (de) 1992-01-15
NO880464L (no) 1988-02-03
JPH01500790A (ja) 1989-03-16
NO163928C (no) 1990-08-08
NO864563L (no) 1987-12-04
NO880464D0 (no) 1988-02-03
NO864563D0 (no) 1986-11-17

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