EP0268010A1 - Brush holder with brush wear alarm - Google Patents

Brush holder with brush wear alarm Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0268010A1
EP0268010A1 EP87106736A EP87106736A EP0268010A1 EP 0268010 A1 EP0268010 A1 EP 0268010A1 EP 87106736 A EP87106736 A EP 87106736A EP 87106736 A EP87106736 A EP 87106736A EP 0268010 A1 EP0268010 A1 EP 0268010A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
brush
brush holder
microswitch
pressure
holder according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87106736A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0268010B1 (en
Inventor
Michael Dietrich
Wolfgang Dietrich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
G Dietrich Spezialfabrik fur Buerstenhalter und Kunststoffteile GmbH
Original Assignee
G Dietrich Spezialfabrik fur Buerstenhalter und Kunststoffteile GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by G Dietrich Spezialfabrik fur Buerstenhalter und Kunststoffteile GmbH filed Critical G Dietrich Spezialfabrik fur Buerstenhalter und Kunststoffteile GmbH
Publication of EP0268010A1 publication Critical patent/EP0268010A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0268010B1 publication Critical patent/EP0268010B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
    • H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
    • H01R39/58—Means structurally associated with the current collector for indicating condition thereof, e.g. for indicating brush wear

Definitions

  • the innovation relates to a brush holder with a potential-free device for monitoring the wear of electrical contact brushes using microswitches, in particular with a plurality of brush guides arranged in series in a brush holder body and a spring clip associated with each brush guide for pressing the brushes against a commutator or slip ring of an electrical machine.
  • Switch-off devices for carbon brushes are generally known, in which brush wear is interrupted by a stop when the brush has reached its minimum permissible length.
  • the innovation is based on the task of designing a brush holder with a monitoring device for the electrical contact brushes using a microswitch in such a way that, with the greatest possible functional reliability, the assembly can be carried out easily with little tooling and regardless of the brush holder type and the brush holder dimensions.
  • this object is achieved in that at least one of the Pressure bracket of a brush holder assembly is provided with a cam for actuating the microswitch.
  • the microswitch is preferably arranged on the side of the pressure bracket facing away from the brush pressure finger.
  • the microswitch itself can be screwed to the brush holder body using a mounting bracket.
  • cam and the microswitch are arranged in such a way that they contact each other for a while before the pressure bracket touches the brush box, so that if the contact contour of the cam is designed appropriately for the contact with the microswitch, the latter for the aforementioned Period of time the given signal is present. This ensures that the brush sequence can continue until the pressure bracket stops at a stop, for example on the brush holder body.
  • the brush holder 1 with brush guide channels 2 and 3 can be fastened with the aid of a fastening flange 4 next to the commutator or slip ring (not shown) of an electrical machine.
  • the brush holder is provided with pressure brackets 5 and 6, which are under the bias of tension springs 16, so that the outer ends of the pressure fingers 7 and 8 constantly press the carbon brushes 9 against a commutator or slip ring.
  • the pressure bracket 5 opposite the pressure finger 7 is equipped with a cam disk 10, the contact line 11 of which is essentially circular for actuating a microswitch 12.
  • the microswitch 12 is to be attached to the brush holder with a simple fastening bracket 13, for example by screwing.
  • the cam disc 10 begins to touch the switching pin 12a of the microswitch as soon as the pressure finger 7 reaches a lower limit position 14.
  • the pressure bracket 5 is not yet on the housing of the brush holder.
  • the difference between the edge of the brush holder housing and the pressure bracket is denoted by x.
  • the distance x corresponds to a time period 1 during which the signal of the microswitch 12 is present, since the contact line 11 of the cam plate 10 is approximately circular and thus holds the switching pin 12a in the switching position.
  • the pressure bracket 5 arrives at the brush holder housing so that the contact pressure is released.
  • the end position is designated 15.
  • the closed microswitch is insensitive to dirt from brush dust etc., so that the radio security is not endangered by false reports.
  • the switch can be used both as a break contact and as a make contact. Due to the attachment on the side facing away from the brush pressure finger 7, sufficient space is available, even with small brush holders, and enables problem-free assembly, the tooling expenditure being very limited. If necessary, each individual pressure bracket can be equipped with a cam plate 10, to which the corresponding number of microswitches can then be assigned.

Abstract

Ein Bürstenhalter für die Kontaktbürsten einer elektrischen Maschine unter Verwendung von Mikroschaltern und mehreren in einer Reihe angeordneten Bürstenführungen wird durch Druckbügel an einen Kommutator oder Schleifring angepreßt, wobei wenigstens einer der Druckbügel mit einer Kurvenscheibe (10) zur Betätigung des Mikroschalters (12) ausgerüstet ist.A brush holder for the contact brushes of an electrical machine using microswitches and a plurality of brush guides arranged in a row is pressed against a commutator or slip ring by pressure brackets, at least one of the pressure brackets being equipped with a cam disk (10) for actuating the microswitch (12).

Description

Die Neuerung betrifft einen Bürstenhalter mit einer potentialfreien Einrichtung zur Uberwachung der Abnutzung von elektrischen Kontaktbürsten unter Verwendung von Mikroschaltern, insbesondere mit einer Mehrzahl von in Reihe angeordneten Bürstenführungen in einem Bürstenhalterkörper und einer jeden Bürstenführung zugeordneten, unter Federkraft stehenden Druckbügeln zum Anpressen der Bürsten an einen Kommutator oder Schleifring einer elektrischen Maschine.The innovation relates to a brush holder with a potential-free device for monitoring the wear of electrical contact brushes using microswitches, in particular with a plurality of brush guides arranged in series in a brush holder body and a spring clip associated with each brush guide for pressing the brushes against a commutator or slip ring of an electrical machine.

Die Überwachung der unter Federdruck an einen Kommutator oder Schleifring einer elektrischen Maschine angepreßten Kontaktbürsten ist erforderlich, um sie nach weitgehender Abnutzung rechtzeitig erneuern zu können und ein plötzliches Abschalten der Maschinen zu ungünstiger Zeit, beispielsweise während eines Arbeitsprozesses, zu vermeiden. Außerdem soll verhindert werden, daß abgenutzte Kohlebürsten den Kollektor beschädigen.It is necessary to monitor the contact brushes, which are pressed against a commutator or slip ring of an electrical machine under spring pressure, in order to be able to replace them in good time after extensive wear and to avoid a sudden shutdown of the machines at an unfavorable time, for example during a work process. In addition, it should be prevented that worn carbon brushes damage the collector.

Es sind allgemein Abschaltvorrichtungen für Kohlebürsten bekannt, bei denen der Bürstenverschleiß durch einen Anschlag dann unterbrochen wird, wenn die Bürste ihre geringste zulässige Länge erreicht hat.Switch-off devices for carbon brushes are generally known, in which brush wear is interrupted by a stop when the brush has reached its minimum permissible length.

So sind beispielsweise potentialfreie Bürstenmeldevorrich tungen bekannt geworden, bei welchen an dem Druckfinger der die Kohlebürsten an die Kontaktflächen der Schleifringe oder Kommutatoren pressenden Druckbügel eine isolierte Kontaktfeder angebracht ist, die beim Kontakt mit einer am Bürstenhalter befestigte Schiene auf Gegenkontakte trifft. Die bekannte Konstruktion hat den Nachteil, daß beim Anfall des nicht zu vermeidenden Bürstenstaubes mit Überschlägen bzw. Falschmeldungen zu rechnen ist. Die Funktionssicherheit wird dadurch erheblich gefährdet. Ferner ist ein großer Aufwand an Werkzeugen erforderlich, da die Kontakte in Abhängigkeit von der Bürstenhaltertype und den Bürstenhalterabmessungen positioniert werden müssen. Außerdem ist die Anordnung dieser Bauart, insbesondere bei kleineren Bürstenhaltern aus Platzgründen schwierig. Beispiele solcher Ausführungen sind durch das DE-GM 82 34 555.4 bekannt geworden.
Eine Erhöhung der Funktionssicherheit ist zweifellos durch den Einsatz von Mikroschaltern für die Betätigung des Meldeschutzkreises gegeben. Eine Ausführungsform zeigt die DE-OS 34 44 482. Die Befestigung des Mikroschalters nach der Vorveröffentlichung ist jedoch nicht für jeden Bürstenhalter möglich, insbesondere nicht für kleine Ausführungen bei einer Mehrzahl von in Reihe angeordneten Bürstenführungen.For example, there are potential-free brush detection devices lines become known in which on the pressure finger of the carbon brushes pressing the carbon brushes onto the contact surfaces of the slip rings or commutators, an insulated contact spring is attached, which encounters mating contacts when in contact with a rail attached to the brush holder. The known construction has the disadvantage that when the brush dust cannot be avoided, rollovers or false reports are to be expected. Functional safety is significantly jeopardized. Furthermore, a large expenditure of tools is required since the contacts have to be positioned depending on the type of brush holder and the dimensions of the brush holder. In addition, the arrangement of this type, especially in the case of smaller brush holders, is difficult for reasons of space. Examples of such designs are known from DE-GM 82 34 555.4.
An increase in functional reliability is undoubtedly given by the use of microswitches for the actuation of the alarm protection circuit. DE-OS 34 44 482 shows one embodiment. However, the attachment of the microswitch according to the prior publication is not possible for every brush holder, in particular not for small versions with a plurality of brush guides arranged in series.

Der Neuerung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, einen Bürstenhalter mit einer Überwachungseinrichtung für die elektrischen Kontaktbürsten unter Verwendung eines Mikroschalters so zu gestalten, daß bei höchstmöglicher Funktionssicherheit die Montage unter geringem Werkzeugaufwand und unabhängig von der Bürstenhaltertype und den Bürstenhalterabmessungen einfach durchzuführen ist. Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Neuerung dadurch gelöst, daß wenigstens einer der Druckbügel einer Bürstenhalteranordnung mit einer Kurvenscheibe zur Betätigung des Mikroschalters versehen ist. Vorzugsweise ist der Mikroschalter an der dem Bürstendruckfinger abgewandten Seite des Druckbügels angeordnet. Der Mikroschalter selbst kann mit Hilfe eines Befestigungswinkels mit dem Bürstenhaltekörper verschraubt sein.The innovation is based on the task of designing a brush holder with a monitoring device for the electrical contact brushes using a microswitch in such a way that, with the greatest possible functional reliability, the assembly can be carried out easily with little tooling and regardless of the brush holder type and the brush holder dimensions. According to the innovation, this object is achieved in that at least one of the Pressure bracket of a brush holder assembly is provided with a cam for actuating the microswitch. The microswitch is preferably arranged on the side of the pressure bracket facing away from the brush pressure finger. The microswitch itself can be screwed to the brush holder body using a mounting bracket.

Von besonderem Vorteil ist es, die Kurvenscheibe und den Mikroschalter so zueinander anzuordnen, daß sie bereits eine Zeitlang vor der Berührung des Druckbügels mit dem Bürstenkasten miteinander kontaktieren, so daß bei entsprechender Ausbildung der Berührungskontur der Kurvenscheibe für den Kontakt mit dem Mikroschalter dieser für die genannte Zeitspanne das gegebene Signal anstehen läßt. Dabei ist sichergestellt, daß der Bürstenablauf so lange weitererfolgen kann bis der Druckbügel an einem Anschlag, beispielsweise am Bürstenhaltekörper, stehenbleibt.It is particularly advantageous to arrange the cam and the microswitch in such a way that they contact each other for a while before the pressure bracket touches the brush box, so that if the contact contour of the cam is designed appropriately for the contact with the microswitch, the latter for the aforementioned Period of time the given signal is present. This ensures that the brush sequence can continue until the pressure bracket stops at a stop, for example on the brush holder body.

Weitere, den Gegenstand der Neuerung vor teilhaft gestaltende Merkmale sind den Schutzansprüchen zu entnehmen.Further, the subject of the innovation before geous features can be found in the protection claims.

In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Neuerung rein schematisch dargestellt und nachstehend erläutert.In the drawing, an embodiment of the innovation is shown purely schematically and explained below.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 die Draufsicht auf einen Bürstenhalter,
  • Fig. 2 einen Radialschnitt quer zur Längserstreckung des Bürstenhalters und
  • Fig. 3 die Darstellung gemäß Fig. 2 mit der Position des Druckbügels zu Beginn eines Schaltvorgangs.
Show it:
  • 1 is a top view of a brush holder,
  • Fig. 2 shows a radial section transverse to the longitudinal extent of the brush holder and
  • Fig. 3 shows the representation of FIG. 2 with the position of the pressure bracket at the beginning of a switching process.

Der Bürstenhalter 1 mit Bürstenführungskanälen 2 und 3 ist mit Hilfe eines Befestigungsflansches 4 neben dem nicht dargestellten Kommutator oder Schleifring einer elektrischen Maschine befestigbar. Der Bürstenhalter ist mit Druckbügeln 5 und 6 versehen, welche unter der Vorspannung von Zugfedern 16 stehen, so daß die äußeren Enden der Druckfinger 7 und 8 ständig die Kohlebürsten 9 gegen einen Kommutator oder Schleifring drücken.The brush holder 1 with brush guide channels 2 and 3 can be fastened with the aid of a fastening flange 4 next to the commutator or slip ring (not shown) of an electrical machine. The brush holder is provided with pressure brackets 5 and 6, which are under the bias of tension springs 16, so that the outer ends of the pressure fingers 7 and 8 constantly press the carbon brushes 9 against a commutator or slip ring.

An dem dem Druckfinger 7 gegenüberliegenden Ende des Druckbügels 5 ist dieser mit einer Kurvenscheibe 10 ausgerüstet, deren Kontaktlinie 11 zur Betätigung eines Mikroschalters 12 im wesentlichen kreisförmig ausgebildet ist. Der Mikroschalter 12 ist mit einem einfachen Befestigungswinkel 13 am Bürstenhalter zu befestigen, beispielsweise zu verschrauben.At the end of the pressure bracket 5 opposite the pressure finger 7, the latter is equipped with a cam disk 10, the contact line 11 of which is essentially circular for actuating a microswitch 12. The microswitch 12 is to be attached to the brush holder with a simple fastening bracket 13, for example by screwing.

Wie die Fig. 3 zeigt, beginnt die Kurvenscheibe 10 den Schaltstift 12a des Mikroschalters zu berühren, sobald der Druckfinger 7 eine untere Grenzposition 14 erreicht. In diesem Moment liegt der Druckbügel 5 noch nicht am Gehäuse des Bürstenträgers an. Die Differenz zwischen der Kante des Bürstenhaltergehäuses und dem Druckbügel ist mit x bezeichnet. Der Wegstrecke x entspricht eine Zeitspanne, 1 während der das Signal des Mikroschalters 12 ansteht, da die Kontaktlinie 11 der Kurvenscheibe 10 etwa kreisförmig ausgebildet ist und somit den Schaltstift 12a in der Schaltstellung hält. Nach dem Zurücklegen des Restweges x gelangt der Druckbügel 5 am Bürstenhaltergehäuse zur Anlage, so daß der Anpreßdruck aufgehoben wird. Die Endlage ist mit 15 bezeichnet.As FIG. 3 shows, the cam disc 10 begins to touch the switching pin 12a of the microswitch as soon as the pressure finger 7 reaches a lower limit position 14. At this moment, the pressure bracket 5 is not yet on the housing of the brush holder. The difference between the edge of the brush holder housing and the pressure bracket is denoted by x. The distance x corresponds to a time period 1 during which the signal of the microswitch 12 is present, since the contact line 11 of the cam plate 10 is approximately circular and thus holds the switching pin 12a in the switching position. After covering the remaining distance x, the pressure bracket 5 arrives at the brush holder housing so that the contact pressure is released. The end position is designated 15.

Der geschlossene Mikroschalter ist unempfindlich gegen Verschmutzungen durch Bürstenstaub etc., so daß die Funk tionssicherheit nicht durch Falschmeldungen gefährdet ist. Der Schalter kann sowohl als Öffner als auch als Schließer eingesetzt werden. Durch die Anbringung auf der dem Bürstendruckfinger 7 abgewandten Seite steht genügend Platz, auch bei kleinen Bürstenhaltern, zur Verfügung und ermöglicht eine problemlose Montage, wobei der Werkzeugaufwand sehr begrenzt ist. Sofern notwendig, kann jeder einzelne Druckbügel mit einer Kurvenscheibe 10 ausgerüstet werden, denen dann die entsprechende Anzahl Mikroschalter zuzuordnen ist. The closed microswitch is insensitive to dirt from brush dust etc., so that the radio security is not endangered by false reports. The switch can be used both as a break contact and as a make contact. Due to the attachment on the side facing away from the brush pressure finger 7, sufficient space is available, even with small brush holders, and enables problem-free assembly, the tooling expenditure being very limited. If necessary, each individual pressure bracket can be equipped with a cam plate 10, to which the corresponding number of microswitches can then be assigned.

Claims (7)

1. Bürstenhalter mit einer potentialfreien Einrichtung zur Überwachung der Abnutzung von elektrischen Kontaktbürsten unter Verwendung von Mikroschaltern, insbesondere mit einer Mehrzahl von in Reihe angeordneten Bürstenführungen in einem Bürstenhalterkörper und einer jeden Bürstenführung zugeordneten, unter Federkraft stehenden Druckbügeln zum Anpressen der Bürsten an einen Kommutator oder Schleifring einer elektrischen Maschine, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß wenigstens einer der Druckbügel (5) mit einer Kurvenscheibe (10) zur Betätigung des Mikroschalters (12) versehen ist.1. Brush holder with a potential-free device for monitoring the wear of electrical contact brushes using microswitches, in particular with a plurality of brush guides arranged in series in a brush holder body and a spring clip associated with each brush guide for pressing the brushes against a commutator or slip ring of an electrical machine, characterized in that at least one of the pressure brackets (5) is provided with a cam disc (10) for actuating the microswitch (12). 2. Bürstenhalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mikroschalter (12) an der dem Bürstendruckfinger (7) abgewandten Seite des Druckbügels (5) angeordnet ist.2. Brush holder according to claim 1, characterized in that the microswitch (12) on the brush pressure finger (7) facing away from the pressure bracket (5) is arranged. 3. Bürstenhalter nach den Ansprüchen 1 und/oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Mikroschalter (12) mit Hilfe eines Befestigungswinkels (13) am Bürstenhalter (Bürstenkasten) befestigt ist.3. Brush holder according to claims 1 and / or 2, characterized in that the microswitch (12) is attached to the brush holder (brush box) with the aid of a mounting bracket (13). 4. Bürstenhalter nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kurvenscheibe (10) mit dem Druckbügel (5) verschraubt bzw. vernietet ist.4. Brush holder according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the cam disc (10) with the pressure bracket (5) is screwed or riveted. 5. Bürstenhalter nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurc h gekennzeichnet, daß die Kurvenscheibe (10) und der Druckbügel (5) als einteiliges Element ausgebildet sind.5. Brush holder according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, dadurc h characterized in that the cam (10) and the pressure bracket (5) are designed as a one-piece element. 6. Bürstenhalter nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kurvenscheibe (10) und der Mikroschalter (12) derart zueinander angeordnet sind, daß sie für eine Bestimmte Zeitspanne vor der Berührung des Druckbügels (5) mit dem Bürstenkasten miteinander kontaktieren.6. Brush holder according to one or more of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the cam (10) and the microswitch (12) are arranged in such a way that they are for a certain period of time before touching the pressure bracket (5) with the brush box contact each other. 7. Bürstenhalter nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die die Schaltbewegung des Mikroschalters auslösende Kontaktlinie (11) der Kurvenscheibe (10) kreisförmig ausgebildet ist.7. Brush holder according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the contact line (11) of the cam disk (10) which triggers the switching movement of the microswitch is circular.
EP87106736A 1986-10-23 1987-05-08 Brush holder with brush wear alarm Expired - Lifetime EP0268010B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8628227U 1986-10-23
DE8628227U DE8628227U1 (en) 1986-10-23 1986-10-23

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0268010A1 true EP0268010A1 (en) 1988-05-25
EP0268010B1 EP0268010B1 (en) 1992-04-22

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ID=6799491

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87106736A Expired - Lifetime EP0268010B1 (en) 1986-10-23 1987-05-08 Brush holder with brush wear alarm

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4831302A (en)
EP (1) EP0268010B1 (en)
DE (2) DE8628227U1 (en)

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US8558429B2 (en) 2011-01-05 2013-10-15 General Electric Company Systems, methods, and apparatus for lifting brushes of an induction motor
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RU2467441C1 (en) * 2011-08-03 2012-11-20 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Самарский государственный университет путей сообщения" (СамГУПС) Device to measure brush pressure at collector of electric machines
DK2835890T3 (en) 2013-08-09 2016-03-14 Siemens Ag Electric machine with secure brush removal
US20170162994A1 (en) * 2013-10-23 2017-06-08 General Electric Company Brush holder apparatus
RU2650673C2 (en) * 2016-05-27 2018-04-17 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Самарский государственный университет путей сообщения" (СамГУПС) Device for measuring the brush pressure on the electrical machines collector
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EP3861605A1 (en) * 2018-10-04 2021-08-11 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine
US11355991B2 (en) * 2018-10-04 2022-06-07 Cutsforth, Inc. System and method for monitoring the status of one or more components of an electrical machine
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DE8234555U1 (en) * 1982-12-09 1983-05-19 Heid & Co, GmbH, KG, Kohlebürsten- und Bürstenhalterfabrik, 6730 Neustadt Carbon brush holder
EP0113836A2 (en) * 1982-12-21 1984-07-25 BROWN, BOVERI & CIE Aktiengesellschaft Mannheim Brush wear controlling device
DE3444482A1 (en) * 1984-12-06 1986-06-12 Baumüller Nürnberg GmbH, 8500 Nürnberg Brush holder having floating brush monitoring
DE8600934U1 (en) * 1986-01-16 1986-04-24 Anton Piller GmbH & Co KG, 3360 Osterode Brush holder for electrical machines with wear notification

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0430152A1 (en) * 1989-11-27 1991-06-05 Schunk Metall und Kunststoff GmbH Brush holder

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3778490D1 (en) 1992-05-27
DE8628227U1 (en) 1987-03-19
EP0268010B1 (en) 1992-04-22
US4831302A (en) 1989-05-16

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