EP0267206B1 - Process and plant for reducing nitrogen monoxide emissions when burning anthracite with a medium and high volatile content - Google Patents

Process and plant for reducing nitrogen monoxide emissions when burning anthracite with a medium and high volatile content Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0267206B1
EP0267206B1 EP87902408A EP87902408A EP0267206B1 EP 0267206 B1 EP0267206 B1 EP 0267206B1 EP 87902408 A EP87902408 A EP 87902408A EP 87902408 A EP87902408 A EP 87902408A EP 0267206 B1 EP0267206 B1 EP 0267206B1
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Prior art keywords
degassing
hard coal
reduction
degassed
zone
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0267206A1 (en
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Heinz Spliethoff
Hartmut Spliethoff
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Saarbergwerke AG
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Saarbergwerke AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F23C6/047—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure with fuel supply in stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/10—Furnace staging
    • F23C2201/101—Furnace staging in vertical direction, e.g. alternating lean and rich zones
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/30—Staged fuel supply
    • F23C2201/301—Staged fuel supply with different fuels in stages

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a system for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions during the combustion of medium and highly volatile hard coal, at least one reduction zone for nitrogen oxides being connected downstream of a power combustion zone, and gas obtained in the degassing of part of the hard coal is used as a reduction fuel in the reduction zone.
  • At least one reduction zone can be connected downstream of the power combustion zone and the reducing agent is supplied.
  • the reducing agent is advantageously used in liquid or gaseous form since, when solid reducing agents are used, these often do not react completely and the residues therefore still contain a high proportion of combustibles.
  • the additional provision requires of, for example, fuel gas as a reducing gas for operating the reduction zone, increases the investment and operating costs. It has therefore already been proposed to provide the fuel gas required as a reducing agent in the burning of hard coal by degassing or gasifying a corresponding partial amount branched off from the hard coal to be burned (DE-OS 34 13 564).
  • the measure of assigning a reduction zone to the power combustion zone is usually not sufficient to comply with or even fall below the applicable emission guidelines for nitrogen oxides, so that additional complex secondary measures are required to comply with NOx emission limit values.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a method of the type described at the outset and a system which is suitable for carrying out the method and which allow a further reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions and thus a lower outlay for secondary measures.
  • This object is achieved in that the entire hard coal is degassed or partially degassed before it is burned, the hard coal being heated for degassing to such an extent that an ignitable, degassed residual coal remains.
  • the degassed residual coal is burned in the power combustion zone, expediently using primary measures such as air grading.
  • the combustion chamber temperature of the power combustion zone can be changed and thus the NOx concentration in the power combustion zone can be reduced.
  • the nitrogen fraction separated off with the volatiles no longer reaches the power combustion zone and can therefore no longer contribute to thermal NOx formation there.
  • the medium to highly volatile hard coal to be burned is degassed to such an extent that an ignitable, degassed residual coal remains and a low NOx concentration is established in the power combustion zone.
  • the reduction zone is advantageously limited in the flow direction of the flue gases by supplying air and the combustible reducing gases remaining after the reduction zone are burned. It can also be expedient to arrange a plurality of reduction zones one behind the other in the direction of flow of the flue gases.
  • the thermal energy required for the degassing of the hard coal can at least partially be taken from the furnace or the flue gases of the power combustion zone down to flue gas temperatures of approximately 180 ° C to 1,000 ° C. If oxygen-containing gas is added, the thermal energy required to degas the hard coal can be covered by partial heat release from the hard coal itself.
  • a plant for carrying out the method according to the invention is characterized in that the degassing device is arranged as a degassing section designed for a continuous hard coal throughput within the combustion plant in the flue gas stream.
  • the degassing device is arranged as a degassing section designed for a continuous hard coal throughput within the combustion plant in the flue gas stream.
  • the gases separated from the hard coal can be supplied to the reduction zone or zones directly via gas outlets provided on the degassing section.
  • a gas feed that is distributed differently over the flue gas cross-section and the height of the combustion chamber is easily possible. It may be expedient to provide a plurality of degassing sections which can be fed with hard coal independently of one another.
  • the degassing device can also be arranged outside the furnace, but this requires additional equipment, for example to use the heat generated in the furnace to degas the hard coal.
  • a furnace 1 according to the invention has a power combustion zone 2 and one or more downstream reduction zones 3.
  • a degassing section 5 is arranged in the flue gas stream within the combustion system 1.
  • Medium to highly volatile hard coal is conveyed via line 6 into the degassing section 5, there degassed under the action of the thermal energy removed from the flue gas flowing around the degassing section 5, and the degassed residual coal is fed via line 7 to the burners 8 of the power combustion zone 2 and burned there.
  • part of the fuel gas obtained in the degassing section 5, possibly also distributed over a plurality of reduction zones 3, is used as the reducing gas.
  • the excess gas portion can be withdrawn via line 9.
  • the flue gases of the power combustion zone 2 are deflected by 180 ° and passed through a grate 4.
  • the deflected flue gas stream then flows around a degassing section 5, which in the example shown is arranged transversely to the direction of flow of the flue gases, and delivers the thermal energy required to degas the hard coal used.
  • the reducing gas for the reduction zone 3 in the case of a plurality of reduction zones 3 the portion required for the first reduction zone, can be introduced into the reduction zone 3 directly via gas outlets 10 provided on the degassing section 5.
  • separate feeds 1 can also be provided.
  • the reduction zone 3 is limited in the direction of flow of the flue gases by air supplied at 12 and any combustible reduction gases still present are burned.
  • the degassing section 5 is arranged in the flow direction of the flue gases, two reduction zones 3, 3a being provided.
  • the hard coal to be degassed is fed via line 6, 6 a and the degassed residual coal is burned in the burners 8 of the power combustion zone 2 with the addition of combustion air 14.
  • the fuel gases obtained are introduced as reduction gases into the reduction zone 3, 3a.
  • the reduction zones 3, 3a are limited by the supply of air 12, 12a.
  • the degassing section 5 is arranged within the reduction zone 3, 3a, the hard coal to be degassed being guided from top to bottom.
  • the reducing gas exits into the reduction zone 3, 3a via gas outlets 10, 10a attached to the degassing section.
  • the degassing section 5 can (dotted line) also extend beyond the area of the steam generator over the entire height of the furnace.
  • the hard coal is then added via line 6a.
  • the degassing section 5 is arranged within the power combustion zone 2, the hard coal to be degassed being guided from bottom to top.
  • the gas generated is introduced into the reduction zone 3 via a feed 11. Excess gas can be withdrawn via line 9.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)

Abstract

A process for reducing nitrogen monoxide emissions when burning solid fuels, in which the whole of the solid fuel is degassed prior to ignition in an output power combustion zone (2). At least one part of the gas obtained from degassing of the solid fuel is used as a reduction gas in one or several reduction zones (3) arranaged downstream of the power combustion zone (2). In a plant for performing the process, the installation for degassing the solid fuel is arranged as a degassing section(s) designed for a continuous throughflow of fuel and located inside the combustion chamber (1) in the flue gas flow.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Anlage zur Verringerung der Stickoxidemission bei der Verbrennung von mittel- und hochflüchtigen Steinkohlen, wobei einer Leistungsbrennzone mindestens eine Reduktionszone für Stickoxide nachgeschaltet ist, und bei Entgasung eines Teils der Steinkohle gewonnenes Gas als Reduktionsbrennstoff in der Reduktionszone eingesetzt wird.The invention relates to a method and a system for reducing nitrogen oxide emissions during the combustion of medium and highly volatile hard coal, at least one reduction zone for nitrogen oxides being connected downstream of a power combustion zone, and gas obtained in the degassing of part of the hard coal is used as a reduction fuel in the reduction zone.

Zur Verringerung der Stickoxidemission von mit Festbrennstoffen, wie z.B. Steinkohle, betriebenen Großfeuerungsanlagen kann der Leistungsbrennzone zumindest eine Reduktionszone nachgeschaltet sein, der Reduktionsstoff zugeführt wird. Der Reduktionsstoff wird dabei vorteilhafterweise flüssig oder gasförmig eingesetzt, da bei Einsatz fester Reduktionsstoffe diese oft nicht vollständig reagieren und die Rückstände daher noch einen hohen Anteil an Verbrennlichem enthalten. Andererseits erfordert die zusätzliche Bereitstellung von z.B. Brenngas als Reduktionsgas zum Betreiben der Reduktionszone einen erhöhten Aufwand sowohl an Investitions- als auch Betriebskosten. Es wurde daher auch schon vorgeschlagen, bei der Verfeuerung von Steinkohle das als Reduktionsstoff benötigte Brenngas durch Ent- bzw. Vergasung einer entsprechenden von der zu verfeuernden Steinkohle abgezweigten Teilmenge bereitzustellen (DE-OS 34 13 564).In order to reduce the nitrogen oxide emission from large combustion plants operated with solid fuels, such as hard coal, at least one reduction zone can be connected downstream of the power combustion zone and the reducing agent is supplied. The reducing agent is advantageously used in liquid or gaseous form since, when solid reducing agents are used, these often do not react completely and the residues therefore still contain a high proportion of combustibles. On the other hand, the additional provision requires of, for example, fuel gas as a reducing gas for operating the reduction zone, increases the investment and operating costs. It has therefore already been proposed to provide the fuel gas required as a reducing agent in the burning of hard coal by degassing or gasifying a corresponding partial amount branched off from the hard coal to be burned (DE-OS 34 13 564).

Die Maßnahme, der Leistungsbrennzone eine Reduktionszone nachzuordnen, reicht jedoch meist nicht aus, um die geltenden Emissionsrichtwerte für Stickoxide einzuhalten oder gar zu unterschreiten, so daß zusätzliche aufwendige Sekundärmaßnahmen zur Einhaltung von NOx-Emissionsgrenzwerten erforderlich sind.However, the measure of assigning a reduction zone to the power combustion zone is usually not sufficient to comply with or even fall below the applicable emission guidelines for nitrogen oxides, so that additional complex secondary measures are required to comply with NOx emission limit values.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Verfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art sowie eine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geeignete Anlage anzugeben, die eine weitere Reduzierung der Stickoxidemission und somit einen geringeren Aufwand für Sekundärmaßnahmen ermöglichen.The object of the present invention is to provide a method of the type described at the outset and a system which is suitable for carrying out the method and which allow a further reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions and thus a lower outlay for secondary measures.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die gesamte Steinkohle vor ihrer Verfeuerung entgast oder teilentgast wird, wobei die Steinkohle zur Entgasung so weit erhitzt wird, daß eine zündfähige, entgaste Restkohle verbleibt.This object is achieved in that the entire hard coal is degassed or partially degassed before it is burned, the hard coal being heated for degassing to such an extent that an ignitable, degassed residual coal remains.

Die entgaste Restkohle wird in der Leistungsbrennzone, zweckmäßigerweise unter Anwendung von Primärmaßnahmen wie Luftstufung verbrannt.The degassed residual coal is burned in the power combustion zone, expediently using primary measures such as air grading.

Durch die Abtrennung der in der Steinkohle enthaltenen gasförmigen Bestandteile, der sog. Flüchtigen, kann die Feuerraumtemperatur der Leistungsbrennzone verändert und damit die NOx-Konzentration in der Leistungsbrennzone verringert werden. Darüber hinaus gelangt ohnehin nur noch der in der entgasten Restkohle verbliebene Reststickstoff in die Leistungsbrennzone, während der mit den Flüchtigen abgetrennte Stickstoffanteil nicht mehr in die Leistungsbrennzone gelangt und dort somit nicht mehr zur thermischen NOx-Bildung beitragen kann. Dabei wirkt unterstützend, daß die entgaste Restkohle infolge ihrer porigen Struktur gegenüber der ursprünglichen Steinkohle, bei entsprechender Feuerführung geringere NOx-Bildung aufweist und zugleich reduzierend wirkt. Mit geringeren Verbrennungstemperaturen kann auf die thermische NOx-Bildung Einfluß genommen werden.By separating the gaseous components contained in the hard coal, the so-called volatiles, the combustion chamber temperature of the power combustion zone can be changed and thus the NOx concentration in the power combustion zone can be reduced. In addition, only the residual nitrogen remaining in the degassed residual coal reaches the power combustion zone, while the nitrogen fraction separated off with the volatiles no longer reaches the power combustion zone and can therefore no longer contribute to thermal NOx formation there. This is supported by the fact that the degassed residual coal, due to its porous structure, has less NOx formation than the original hard coal, with appropriate fire control, and at the same time has a reducing effect. The thermal NOx formation can be influenced with lower combustion temperatures.

Nach dem derzeitigen Kenntnisstand wird in der Reduktionszone ein relativer Anteil des in der Leistungsbrennzone gebildeten NOx reduziert. Es kommt also ganz wesentlich darauf an, die in der Leistungsbrennzone gebildete NOx-Menge von vornherein möglichst gering zu halten.According to the current state of knowledge, a relative proportion of the NOx formed in the power combustion zone is reduced in the reduction zone. It is therefore very important to keep the amount of NOx formed in the power combustion zone as low as possible from the outset.

Die zu verfeuernde mittel- bis hochflüchtige Steinkohle wird so weit entgast, daß eine zündfähige entgaste Restkohle verbleibt und sich eine geringe NOx-Konzentration in der Leistungsbrennzone einstellt.The medium to highly volatile hard coal to be burned is degassed to such an extent that an ignitable, degassed residual coal remains and a low NOx concentration is established in the power combustion zone.

Während ein Teil des bei der Entgasung der Steinkohle gewonnenen Brenngases unmittelbar in der Reduktionszone eingesetzt wird, kann der darüber hinaus verbleibende Gasüberschuß aus der Anlage abgezogen und anderweitig eingesetzt werden. In der Reduktionszone entstehen unter bestimmten Bedingungen aus dem Brennstoffstickstoff des Brenngases statt NOx weitere reduzierende Gaskomponenten.While part of the fuel gas obtained in the degassing of the hard coal is used directly in the reduction zone, the excess gas remaining can be withdrawn from the plant and used for other purposes. In the reduction zone, under certain conditions, other reducing gas components are generated from the fuel nitrogen in the fuel gas instead of NOx.

Die Reduktionszone wird vorteilhafterweise in Strömungsrichtung der Rauchgase durch Zuführung von Luft begrenzt und die nach der Reduktionszone verbliebenen brennbaren Reduktionsgase verbrannt. Auch kann es zweckmäßig sein, mehrere Reduktionszonen in Strömungsrichtung der Rauchgase hintereinander anzuordnen.The reduction zone is advantageously limited in the flow direction of the flue gases by supplying air and the combustible reducing gases remaining after the reduction zone are burned. It can also be expedient to arrange a plurality of reduction zones one behind the other in the direction of flow of the flue gases.

Die zur Entgasung der Steinkohle erforderliche Wärmeenergie kann zumindest teilweise der Feuerung bzw.den Rauchgasen der Leistungsbrennzone bis herab auf Rauchgastemperaturen von etwa 180°C bis 1.000°C entnommen werden. Bei Zugabe von sauerstoffhaltigem Gas kann die zur Entgasung der Steinkohle notwendige Wärmeenergie durch eine teilweise Wärmeentbindung aus der Steinkohle selbst gedeckt werden.The thermal energy required for the degassing of the hard coal can at least partially be taken from the furnace or the flue gases of the power combustion zone down to flue gas temperatures of approximately 180 ° C to 1,000 ° C. If oxygen-containing gas is added, the thermal energy required to degas the hard coal can be covered by partial heat release from the hard coal itself.

Eine Anlage zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß die Entgasungseinrichtung als eine für einen kontinuierlichen Steinkohledurchsatz ausgebildete Entgasungsstrecke innerhalb der Feuerungsanlage im Rauchgasstrom angeordnet ist. Dadurch gelingt es in besonders einfacher Weise, die in den Rauchgasen enthaltene Wärme zur Entgasung der Steinkohle ohne zusätzlichen apparativen Aufwand zu nutzen. Andererseits können die aus der Steinkohle abgetrennten Gase ganz oder teilweise unmittelbar über an der Entgasungsstrecke vorgesehene Gasauslässe der bzw. den Reduktionszonen zugeführt werden. Dabei ist je nach Bedarf ohne weiteres eine über den Rauchgasquerschnitt und Feuerraumhöhe unterschiedlich verteilte Gaseinspeisung möglich. Es kann zweckmäßig sein, mehrere unabhängig voneinander mit Steinkohle beschickbare Entgasungsstrecken vorzusehen.A plant for carrying out the method according to the invention is characterized in that the degassing device is arranged as a degassing section designed for a continuous hard coal throughput within the combustion plant in the flue gas stream. This makes it particularly easy to use the heat contained in the flue gases to degas the hard coal without additional equipment. On the other hand, all or part of the gases separated from the hard coal can be supplied to the reduction zone or zones directly via gas outlets provided on the degassing section. Depending on requirements, a gas feed that is distributed differently over the flue gas cross-section and the height of the combustion chamber is easily possible. It may be expedient to provide a plurality of degassing sections which can be fed with hard coal independently of one another.

Grundsätzlich kann die Entgasungseinrichtung auch außerhalb der Feuerungsanlage angeordnet sein, jedoch erfordert dies zusätzlichen apparativen Aufwand, beispielsweise zur Nutzung von in der Feuerung erzeugter Wärme zur Entgasung der Steinkohle.In principle, the degassing device can also be arranged outside the furnace, but this requires additional equipment, for example to use the heat generated in the furnace to degas the hard coal.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren sowie Anlagen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens werden anhand einer in Figur 1 dargestellten Schmelzkammerfeuerung sowie einer in Figur 2 dargestellten Trockenfeuerung weiter erläutert.The method according to the invention and systems for carrying out the method are further explained on the basis of a melting chamber furnace shown in FIG. 1 and a dry furnace shown in FIG.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Feuerungsanlage 1 weist eine Leistungsbrennzone 2 sowie eine oder mehrere nachgeschaltete Reduktionszonen 3 auf. Innerhalb der Feuerungsanlage 1 ist im Rauchgasstrom eine Entgasungsstrecke 5 angeordnet. Über Leitung 6 wird mittel- bis hochflüchtige Steinkohle in die Entgasungsstrecke 5 gefördert, dort unter der Einwirkung der dem die Entgasungsstrecke 5 umströmenden Rauchgas entnommenen Wärmeenergie entgast, und die entgaste Restkohle über Leitung 7 den Brennern 8 der Leistungsbrennzone 2 zugeführt und dort verbrannt.A furnace 1 according to the invention has a power combustion zone 2 and one or more downstream reduction zones 3. A degassing section 5 is arranged in the flue gas stream within the combustion system 1. Medium to highly volatile hard coal is conveyed via line 6 into the degassing section 5, there degassed under the action of the thermal energy removed from the flue gas flowing around the degassing section 5, and the degassed residual coal is fed via line 7 to the burners 8 of the power combustion zone 2 and burned there.

In der Reduktionszone 3 wird ein Teil des in der Entgasungsstrecke 5 gewonnenen Brenngases, ggf. auch auf mehrere Reduktionszonen 3 verteilt, als Reduktionsgas eingesetzt. Der überschüssige Gasanteil kann über Leitung 9 abgezogen werden.In the reduction zone 3, part of the fuel gas obtained in the degassing section 5, possibly also distributed over a plurality of reduction zones 3, is used as the reducing gas. The excess gas portion can be withdrawn via line 9.

Die Rauchgase der Leistungsbrennzone 2 werden im in der Figur 1 gezeigten Beispiel einer Schmelzkammerfeuerung um 180° umgelenkt und durch einen Fangrost 4 geleitet. Der umgelenkte Rauchgasstrom umströmt dann eine im gezeigten Beispiel quer zur Strömungsrichtung der Rauchgase angeordnete Entgasungsstrecke 5 und gibt an diese die zur Entgasung der eingesetzten Steinkohle erforderliche Wärmeenergie ab. Das Reduktionsgas für die Reduktionszone 3, bei mehreren Reduktionszonen 3 der für die erste Reduktionszone benötigte Anteil, kann unmittelbar über an der Entgasungsstrecke 5 vorgesehene Gasauslässe 10 in die Reduktionszone 3 eingeleitet werden. Insbesondere bei mehreren Reduktionszonen 3 können aber auch eigene Zuführungen 1 vorgesehen werden.In the example of a melting-chamber furnace shown in FIG. 1, the flue gases of the power combustion zone 2 are deflected by 180 ° and passed through a grate 4. The deflected flue gas stream then flows around a degassing section 5, which in the example shown is arranged transversely to the direction of flow of the flue gases, and delivers the thermal energy required to degas the hard coal used. The reducing gas for the reduction zone 3, in the case of a plurality of reduction zones 3 the portion required for the first reduction zone, can be introduced into the reduction zone 3 directly via gas outlets 10 provided on the degassing section 5. In particular in the case of a plurality of reduction zones 3, separate feeds 1 can also be provided.

Die Reduktionszone 3 wird in Strömungsrichtung der Rauchgase durch bei 12 zugeführte Luft begrenzt und etwa noch vorhandene, brennbare Reduktionsgase verbrannt.The reduction zone 3 is limited in the direction of flow of the flue gases by air supplied at 12 and any combustible reduction gases still present are burned.

Im in Figur 2 dargestellten Beispiel einer Trockenfeuerung ist die Entgasungsstrecke 5 in Strömungsrichtung der Rauchgase angeordnet, wobei zwei Reduktionszonen 3, 3a vorgesehen sind.In the example of a dry burner shown in FIG. 2, the degassing section 5 is arranged in the flow direction of the flue gases, two reduction zones 3, 3a being provided.

Die zu entgasende Steinkohle wird über Leitung 6, 6a zugeführt und die entgaste Restkohle unter Zugabe von Verbrennungsluft 14 in den Brennern 8 der Leistungsbrennzone 2 verbrannt. Die gewonnenen Brenngase werden als Reduktionsgase in die Reduktionszone 3, 3a eingeleitet. In Strömungsrichtung der Rauchgase werden die Reduktionszonen 3, 3a durch Zufuhr von Luft 12, 12a begrenzt. Im in der linken Bildhälfte der Figur 2 gezeigten Beispiel ist die Entgasungsstrecke 5 innerhalb der Reduktionszone 3, 3a angeordnet, wobei die zu entgasende Steinkohle von oben nach unten geführt wird. Das Reduktionsgas tritt über an der Entgasungsstrecke angebrachte Gasauslässe 10, 10a in die Reduktionszone 3, 3a aus. Die Entgasungsstrecke 5 kann (gestrichelte Linie) auch über den Bereich des Dampferzeugers hinaus über die gesamte Höhe der Feuerung geführt sein. Die Steinkohlenzugabe erfolgt dann über Leitung 6a.The hard coal to be degassed is fed via line 6, 6 a and the degassed residual coal is burned in the burners 8 of the power combustion zone 2 with the addition of combustion air 14. The fuel gases obtained are introduced as reduction gases into the reduction zone 3, 3a. In the direction of flow of the flue gases, the reduction zones 3, 3a are limited by the supply of air 12, 12a. In the example shown in the left half of FIG. 2, the degassing section 5 is arranged within the reduction zone 3, 3a, the hard coal to be degassed being guided from top to bottom. The reducing gas exits into the reduction zone 3, 3a via gas outlets 10, 10a attached to the degassing section. The degassing section 5 can (dotted line) also extend beyond the area of the steam generator over the entire height of the furnace. The hard coal is then added via line 6a.

Im in der rechten Bildhälfte der Figur 2 gezeigten Beispiel ist die Entgasungsstrecke 5 innerhalb der Leistungsbrennzone 2 angeordnet, wobei die zu entgasende Steinkohle von unten nach oben geführt wird. Das erzeugte Gas wird über eine Zuführung 11 in die Reduktionszone 3 eingeleitet. Überschüssiges Gas kann über Leitung 9 abgezogen werden.In the example shown in the right-hand half of the figure in FIG. 2, the degassing section 5 is arranged within the power combustion zone 2, the hard coal to be degassed being guided from bottom to top. The gas generated is introduced into the reduction zone 3 via a feed 11. Excess gas can be withdrawn via line 9.

Claims (9)

1. A process for reducing the emission of nitric oxides in the combustion of hard coals of average and high volatility, wherein a power combustion zone is connected at its output to at least one reduction zone for nitric oxides and wherein gas obtained by the degassing of a part of the hard coals is used as reduction fuel in the reduction zone, characterised in that before it is burned all of the hard coal is degassed or partially degassed, where for degassing purposes the hard coal is heated to such an extent that an ignitible, degassed residual coal remains.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the degassed hard coal is combusted in the power combustion zone using primary measures.
3. A process as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the reduction zone is delimited in the direction of flow of the flue gases by the supply of air, and combustible reduction gases are combusted following the reduction zone.
4. A process as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that a plurality of reduction zones are arranged in series in the direction of flow of the flue gases.
5. A process as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the thermal energy required for the degassing of the hard coal is obtained at least partially from the combustion chamber and/or from the flue gases of the power combustion zone.
6. A process as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the thermal energy required for the degassing of the hard coal is applied at least partially by the liberation of heat directly from the hard coal.
7. Apparatus for the implementation of the process claimed in claim 1, comprising a furnace which is composed of the power combustion zone and the reduction zone and comprising a degassing device with an inlet for the hard coal which is to be degassed and an outlet for the degassed hard coal and with discharge pipelines for the gas, characterised in that the degassing device is arranged, in the form of a degassing section (5) designed for the continuous throughput of hard coal, inside the furnace (1) in the flow of the flue gases, and the outlet (7) for the degassed hard coal is connected to the fuel inlet of the power combustion zone (2).
8. Apparatus as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that the degassing section (5) is provided with gas outlets (10).
9. Apparatus as claimed in claim 7 or claim 8, characterised in that a plurality of degassing sections (5) are provided which are supplied with hard coal independently of one another.
EP87902408A 1986-04-29 1987-04-28 Process and plant for reducing nitrogen monoxide emissions when burning anthracite with a medium and high volatile content Expired - Lifetime EP0267206B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87902408T ATE64986T1 (en) 1986-04-29 1987-04-28 PROCESS AND PLANT FOR REDUCING NOx EMISSIONS WHEN COMBUSTING MEDIUM AND HIGH-VOLATILE COAL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19863614497 DE3614497A1 (en) 1986-04-29 1986-04-29 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REDUCING NITROGEN EMISSION IN COMBUSTION OF SOLID FUELS
DE3614497 1986-04-29

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EP0267206A1 EP0267206A1 (en) 1988-05-18
EP0267206B1 true EP0267206B1 (en) 1991-07-03

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US (1) US4981089A (en)
EP (1) EP0267206B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS63503240A (en)
AU (1) AU596414B2 (en)
DE (2) DE3614497A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1987006677A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3934447C2 (en) * 1989-02-16 1999-02-11 Saarbergwerke Ag Process and plant for degassing solid fuel in a fluidized bed reactor
DE3943084A1 (en) * 1989-12-27 1991-07-04 Saarbergwerke Ag METHOD FOR REDUCING NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSION IN THE FIRING OF SOLID FUELS
US5099771A (en) * 1991-03-21 1992-03-31 Disanto Sr Rocco J Apparatus and process for the incineration of waste particles
SE503064C2 (en) * 1993-09-24 1996-03-18 Gen Process Aa Ab Ways to extract energy by gasification, and therefore the intended reactor
DE10028394B4 (en) * 2000-06-13 2008-12-04 Herlt Sonnenenergiesysteme Method and apparatus for gasifying large-scale solid fuels, in particular bales of biomass
US6497187B2 (en) 2001-03-16 2002-12-24 Gas Technology Institute Advanced NOX reduction for boilers
JP3781706B2 (en) * 2001-10-05 2006-05-31 川崎重工業株式会社 Operation method of ash melting type U firing combustion boiler

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US4981089A (en) 1991-01-01
DE3771173D1 (en) 1991-08-08
EP0267206A1 (en) 1988-05-18
AU7306587A (en) 1987-11-24
WO1987006677A1 (en) 1987-11-05
AU596414B2 (en) 1990-05-03
JPS63503240A (en) 1988-11-24
DE3614497A1 (en) 1987-11-05

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