EP0264689B1 - Foam generating device - Google Patents

Foam generating device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0264689B1
EP0264689B1 EP87114387A EP87114387A EP0264689B1 EP 0264689 B1 EP0264689 B1 EP 0264689B1 EP 87114387 A EP87114387 A EP 87114387A EP 87114387 A EP87114387 A EP 87114387A EP 0264689 B1 EP0264689 B1 EP 0264689B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
outlet
flow
channel
gas
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EP87114387A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0264689A1 (en
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Ulrich Brandstetter
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/311Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows for mixing more than two components; Devices specially adapted for generating foam
    • B01F25/3111Devices specially adapted for generating foam, e.g. air foam
    • B01F25/31112Devices specially adapted for generating foam, e.g. air foam with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screen or baffles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/235Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids for making foam
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01FMIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3121Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for producing foam with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • a generic device working on the principle of the jet pump is known from DE-A-26 38 000 and contains a mixing chamber in which a total of three pipes open. Two of these tubes are arranged in an extension and coaxially to form a gap. One of these pipes is used to supply compressed air in order to draw water into the mixing chamber via the third pipe, which is sucked out of the mixing chamber through the gap into the extension of the air supply pipe.
  • the air-water mixture thus obtained continues to flow through the outlet pipe in the direction of a series of screens oriented transversely to the flow, which are intended to improve the foam quality and generate additional turbulence in the flowing gas-air mixture.
  • Water-wax mixtures as are required for the surface preservation of metal parts, for example motor vehicle bodies, can practically not be foamed using the known device. Although a kind of foam is produced, the gas bubbles contained therein have very different sizes, which leads to a very uneven foam jet. In addition, the foam is therefore not very stable.
  • the foam is to be produced on a foam-producing filling material and screens.
  • the flow resistance increases because of the filling material contained, which represents a flow obstacle, which is why the throwing distance and the flow pressure usable at the outlet of the device are correspondingly low.
  • an expansion chamber is arranged behind the annularly shaped channel, in which the pressure in the gas bubbles can be reduced.
  • the device If the device is to be used to generate a jet of foam which is discharged into the open, a good concentration of the jet can be achieved if the outlet contains a Laval nozzle. This largely prevents the foam jet from bursting as a result of the internal pressure which has not yet been reduced to atmospheric pressure. With the help of the Laval nozzle, the pressure in the foam jet can be converted into speed.
  • a shortening of the device can be achieved if the annular gap-shaped channel is folded back in itself, so that several coaxially extending sections are formed which are connected to one another at deflection points. This also makes it possible to adapt the cross section of the annular gap to the pressure decreasing in the direction of the outlet. If there are sharp edges at the deflection points at which the annular-gap-shaped channels merge into one another, this further improves the development of turbulence.
  • a favorable compromise between flow resistance on the one hand and foam quality on the other hand arises when the ratio between the inside diameter in the case of an annular-gap-shaped channel to the outside diameter is between 1.2 and 2, preferably between 1: 1.5 and 1: 1.8. In a preferred embodiment, a ratio of 1: 1.67 has been found to be favorable.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 show a device 1 for producing foam, which has an essentially cylindrical housing 2, in which two mutually coaxial, one behind the other chambers 3 and 4 are contained with likewise cylindrical shape.
  • the first chamber 3, which extends in the longitudinal direction of the housing 2, is connected to a connecting piece 7 via a bore 6 running through a rear side 5 of the housing 2. Via the connecting piece 7, the device 1 can be connected to a source (not shown) for a pressurized liquid.
  • Another channel 8 opens laterally or radially into the first chamber 3 and connects the chamber 3 with a connecting piece 9, via which the device 1 can be connected to a source, also not shown, for gas under pressure
  • the first chamber 3 is followed by the second cylindrical chamber 4 with a continuously smooth cylindrical inner wall 10.
  • the chamber 4 has a constant diameter up to its outlet 11 which is appreciably larger than the diameter of the chamber 3 and also has a considerable length compared to the axial extension of the chamber 3.
  • a cylindrical filling body 12 which has two flat end faces 13 and 14. It is supported by means of three spoke-like struts 15, which are arranged in the vicinity of the front ends 13 and 14, in the interior of the chamber 4, so that it runs coaxially with the cylindrical inner wall 10. Its flat end face 13 is at a short axial distance from the mouth the chamber 3 in the chamber 4 opposite, while the end face 14 is opposite the outlet 11. In this way, an annular gap-shaped channel 16 is formed between the cylindrical inner wall 10 and the outer wall of the cylindrical packing 12, which extends almost over the entire length of the chamber 4, namely starting at the mouth of the chamber 3 up to the outlet 11.
  • Laval nozzle 17 which contains in a known manner two approximately frusto-conical channel sections 18 and 19 which merge into one another at 21 with their smaller diameters.
  • the larger diameter of the frustoconical section 19 forms an outlet 22 through which a foam produced leaves the device 1.
  • the device described so far works in such a way that, for example, water is supplied at a pressure of approximately 2 bar via the inlet connection 7, and air is fed in at approximately the same pressure via the inlet connection 9.
  • the supplied water and the supplied air mix to form large bubbles in the chamber 3, from which the water / air mixture flows into the chamber 4.
  • the gap width of the annular gap-shaped channel 16 is dimensioned such that a turbulent flow arises at the feed pressures of air and water, in which shear forces occur which reduce the gas bubbles ever further until the resulting toughness of the foam prevents further reduction of the gas bubbles.
  • the resulting foam finally flows out into the open via the Laval nozzle 17 as a compact foam jet.
  • the end face 14 of the filler body 12 is at a considerable distance from the outlet 11, so that an expansion chamber 24 is formed, into which the foam generated opens out from the annular gap 16.
  • the foam can further relax in the expansion chamber 24 before it exits through the Laval nozzle 17.
  • the inside width of the chamber 4 is approximately 30.5 mm, while the outer diameter of the filling body 12 in the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 is approximately 18 mm and in the case of the embodiment according to Fig. 3 is approximately 15.5 mm.
  • the lengths here are approximately 30 mm for the chamber 3 and 200 mm for the chamber 4, each measured up to the end face 14 of the filler 12, while the expansion chamber 24 has an approximate length of 100 mm.
  • the Laval nozzle 17 finally has a length of approximately 60 mm.
  • a device 1 for producing foam in which the annularly shaped channel 16 is folded several times in itself, so that overall the arrangement is shortened.
  • the annularly shaped channel 16 is largely free of flow obstacles, apart from those struts that are necessary to the individual To hold pipe sections and packing coaxially to each other.
  • Fig. 4 shows a device 1 for producing foam, which essentially has four coaxial cylindrical tubes 25, 26, 27 and 28, of which the tube 28 simultaneously represents the outer housing 2, in one end of which from the end face a closure piece 29 is inserted in a sealed manner.
  • the other end of the tube 28, which has been cylindrical until then, is conically or conically tapered from a point 31 to form a nozzle 32 and merges beyond the nozzle 32 into an outlet 33, the diameter of which is substantially smaller than the inside diameter of the tube 28.
  • the closure piece 29 consists of a cap 34, on which a cylindrical extension 35 is formed, which is inserted in the tube 28 and is permanently attached there, for example by means of cold welding.
  • the closure piece 29 contains a concentric bore 36, into which an essentially tubular feed head 37 is inserted in a sealed manner.
  • the feed head 37 is approximately T-shaped and consists of pipe sections 38, 39 and 41 which are connected to one another in one piece, of which the pipe sections 38 and 41 run coaxially and in an extension to one another, while the pipe section 39 extends at right angles thereto.
  • the pipe section 41 is sealed in the bore 36 of the closure piece 29 and protrudes slightly beyond the bottom of the cap 34 inside.
  • the pipe 26 is inserted in a sealed manner, which ends at a flat end face which forms an outlet 47 which is located shortly before the start of the nozzle-shaped taper 32.
  • the pipe 26 is connected in terms of flow to the pipe section 39, on the free end of which a fitting 43 is placed in a sealed manner and to which a liquid supply line 44 can be connected.
  • a fitting 45 is also sealed on the pipe section 38, which on the one hand seals the pipe section 38 to the outside and in which on the other hand the pipe 25 is inserted in a sealed manner.
  • the fitting 45 forms a connection for a gas supply line 46, through which gas or air is to be fed into the pipe 25, which leads coaxially through the pipe sections 38 and 41 into the pipe 26 and which ends at an opening 47.
  • the mouth 47 jumps back, as shown, a considerable distance from the outlet 42 of the tube 26.
  • the tube 27 is located exclusively in the interior of the tube 28 and concentrically surrounds a part of the tube 26 located in the interior of the tube 28.
  • the tube 27 is closed by a closure piece 48, which consists of a threaded shoulder 49 and there is an integrally molded hexagonal cap 51 thereon.
  • the cap 51 protrudes radially at least with its corners over the outer circumferential surface of the tube 27, as can be seen in FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • the closure piece 48 With the cylindrical threaded shoulder 49, the closure piece 48 is screwed into the tube 27 in a sealed manner, while the cap 51 bears on the frustoconical inner surface of the conically tapering nozzle 32.
  • the end of the tube 7 containing the closure piece 48 is thus fixed radially in the device 1 with respect to its longitudinal axis.
  • the other end of the tube 27 is fixed in the vicinity of the closure piece 29 by means of two struts in the radial direction Rich, which extend between the outer peripheral surface of the tube 27 and the inner peripheral surface of the tube 28.
  • the struts 53 and 54 have approximately the shape of ring sectors. They have an extension angle of approximately 90 ° and are diametrically opposite to one another with respect to the longitudinal axis of the device 1.
  • these struts 53 and 54 are used to axially fix the tube 27, which is permanently connected to the struts 53 and 54.
  • the struts 53 and 54 are in turn permanently attached to the tube 28.
  • a cylindrical gap 56 is formed in this way, which begins at the height of the outlet 42 and which ends at an outlet 57 which is delimited by corresponding flat front sides of the tube 26.
  • throttle points in the form of struts 58 and 59 or 61 and 62 in the form of ring sector-shaped struts can be provided in the annular gap or annular channel 56.
  • These struts 58 ... 62 also fix the tube 26 in the radial direction relative to the tube 27.
  • the device 1 described so far is operated as follows: Via the line 44, water provided with a foaming agent and possibly other additives, such as wax, is supplied at a pressure between 3 and 10 bar, with a corresponding choice of the material also higher, up to the breaking strength.
  • the fed-in water flows through the annular gap formed between the tube 25 and the tube 26 in the direction of the outlet 42.
  • a gas preferably air
  • the fed-in air flows through the pipe 25 and arrives at the mouth 47 into the liquid flow surrounding the pipe 25 in order to mix with it with the formation of bubbles.
  • the resulting gas-liquid mixture or air-water mixture continues to flow through the pipe 26 in the direction of the outlet 42.
  • the flow becomes omniazimuthal with respect to the longitudinal direction of the device 1 deflected twice by 90 °, namely once on the inner edge 63, ie the edge at which the inner wall of the tube 26 merges into the flat end face and a second time on the outer edge 64, ie on the edge at which the flat end face in the outer wall merges.
  • the gas-liquid mixture flows back through the relatively narrow annular gap 56 in the direction of the feed head 37, i.e. against the direction of flow in the chamber delimited by the tube 26.
  • the mixture first meets the throttle point from the two sector-shaped struts 58 and 59, which reduce the cross-sectional area of the annular gap 56 by half, while the flow behind it can again extend to the entire cross-sectional area of the annular gap 56.
  • the flow again meets two sector-shaped struts, namely the sector-shaped struts 61 and 62, which in turn reduce the flow cross-section by half before reaching the outlet opening 57, ie before the end of the annular gap 56.
  • the mixture in which the gas or air bubbles are now very finely and evenly distributed, arrives at the outlet opening 57, at which the flow is again sharply deflected twice by 90 °.
  • One inner sharp edge is the edge 66 on which the inner wall of the tube 27 merges into its end face, while the second radially further outward sharp edge 67 is the one on which the end face merges into the outer wall of the same tube 27.
  • the foam formed from the gas-water mixture flows again in the same direction as in the tube 26, specifically in a cylindrical annular gap 68 which is delimited by the outer wall 27 and the inner wall of the tube 28 is. Because of this Annular gap 68 has a larger cross-sectional area than the annular gap 56, after the deflection behind the outlet opening 57 there is initially a calming in the flow.
  • the resulting foam can either go outside at the outlet opening 33 or, as shown, a pipe system 69 can be connected to the outlet opening 33 in order to transport the foam to the desired location.
  • the fine-celledness and uniformity of the foam can be further improved if the foam has to flow through a throttle gap with a sharp flow separation edge.
  • a throttle gap is provided in the device 1 according to FIG. 1 in the region of the outlet 57 at 71.
  • the throttle gap 71 is delimited on the one hand by the edge 67 and on the other hand by an edge 72 which, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the device 1, is at the same height as the edge 67 and is formed on the cylindrical extension 35.
  • the cylindrical extension 35 is, as the figure shows, provided with a corresponding cavity so that the foam emerging from the outlet 57 enters the cavity of the cylindrical extension 35 and is deflected from there towards the throttle gap 71.
  • the diameter of the stall edge 72 is considerably smaller than the clear width of the tube 28 in which the cylindrical extension 35 is inserted, so that considerable turbulence can arise in the foam at the stall edge 72.
  • the surrounding edge of the cylindrical extension 35 jumps radially outward at right angles.
  • the cap 51 acting as a throttle body gives the foam jet a swirl, which can be achieved in that the side faces of the cap 51, which is hexagonal in cross section, are slightly deformed in a helical manner.
  • the flow path for the foam which is folded twice in the device shown, can be further folded by arranging further chambers, which are then likewise connected to one another by throttling points and deflection points.

Abstract

The device (1) contains a first chamber (3) in which a gas is mixed with a liquid. The first chamber (3) is of tubular shape and leads into a second chamber (4) which contains a channel (16) in the form of a gap in which turbulent flow is generated in the liquid/gas mixture. The foam is thus homogenised before it emerges from the outlet (17) of the second chamber (4). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Schaum mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a device for producing foam with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Eine nach dem Prinzip der Strahlpumpe arbeitende gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist aus der DE-A-26 38 000 bekannt und enthält eine Mischkammer, in der insgesamt drei Rohre münden. Von diesen Rohren sind zwei unter Ausbildung eines Spaltes in Verlängerung und koaxial zueinander angeordnet. Dabei dient das eine dieser Rohre der Zufuhr von Druckluft, um über das dritte Rohr Wasser in die Mischkammer einzusaugen, das aus der Mischkammer über den Spalt in die Verlängerung des Luftzufuhrrohres angeordnete Auslaßrohr angesaugt wird.A generic device working on the principle of the jet pump is known from DE-A-26 38 000 and contains a mixing chamber in which a total of three pipes open. Two of these tubes are arranged in an extension and coaxially to form a gap. One of these pipes is used to supply compressed air in order to draw water into the mixing chamber via the third pipe, which is sucked out of the mixing chamber through the gap into the extension of the air supply pipe.

Das so erhaltene Luft-Wasser-Gemisch strömt durch das Auslaßrohr weiter in Richtung auf eine Reihe von quer zur Strömung ausgerichteten Sieben, die die Schaumqualität verbessern sollen und zusätzliche Turbulenzen in dem strömenden Gas-Luft-Gemisch erzeugen.The air-water mixture thus obtained continues to flow through the outlet pipe in the direction of a series of screens oriented transversely to the flow, which are intended to improve the foam quality and generate additional turbulence in the flowing gas-air mixture.

Die Praxis hat gezeigt, daß mit solchen Vorrichtungen sich nur dann Schäume hinreichender Qualität erzeugen lassen, wenn dem Wasser Schaumbildner in ausreichender Menge zugesetzt sind.Practice has shown that foams of sufficient quality can only be produced with such devices if foaming agents have been added to the water in sufficient quantities.

Wasser-Wachs-Gemische, wie sie für die Oberflächenkonservierung von Metallteilen, beispielsweise Kraftfahrzeugkarosserien, benötigt werden, lassen sich mit der bekannten Vorrichtung praktisch nicht aufschäumen. Es wird zwar eine Art Schaum erzeugt, doch haben die darin enthaltenen Gasblasen stark unterschiedliche Größe, was zu einem stark ungleichmäßigen Schaumstrahl führt. Außerdem ist der Schaum demzufolge auch wenig stabil.Water-wax mixtures, as are required for the surface preservation of metal parts, for example motor vehicle bodies, can practically not be foamed using the known device. Although a kind of foam is produced, the gas bubbles contained therein have very different sizes, which leads to a very uneven foam jet. In addition, the foam is therefore not very stable.

Dies ist besonders nachteilig dann, wenn der erzeugte Schaum zwecks Verteilung durch ein längeres anschließendes Rohrleitungsnetz geleitet werden muß.This is particularly disadvantageous when the foam produced has to be passed through a longer subsequent pipeline network for distribution.

Unbefriedigend bei der bekannten Vorrichtung ist schließlich auch die Lageabhängigkeit, und zwar ändert sich die Schaumqualität, je nach dem, ob die Strömung in dem Auslaßrohr entsprechend der Lage der Vorrichtung mehr nach oben oder mehr nach unten gerichtet ist.Finally, the positional dependence is also unsatisfactory in the known device, namely the foam quality changes depending on whether the flow in the outlet pipe is directed more upwards or more downwards depending on the position of the device.

Schließlich ist auch die Wurfweite der bekannten Vorrichtung nur verhältnismäßig kurz.Finally, the throw of the known device is only relatively short.

Um die Schaumqualität zu verbessern, ist es aus der US-A-4 394 289 bekannt, Flüssigkeit und Gas unter Druck einer Schaumerzeugungsvorrichtung zuzuführen, die in einem rohrförmigen Gehäuse untergebracht ist. Das Gemisch aus Flüssigkeit und Gas strömt durch ein Sieb und anschließend durch mehrere koaxial ineinander steckende Kanäle, ehe es als Schaum über einen Auslaß das Gehäuse verläßt.In order to improve the foam quality, it is known from US-A-4,394,289 to supply liquid and gas under pressure to a foam generating device which is accommodated in a tubular housing. The mixture of liquid and gas flows through a sieve and then through several coaxially interlocking channels before it leaves the housing as foam via an outlet.

Bei dieser bekannten Anordnung soll der Schaum an einem schaumerzeugenden Füllmaterial und Sieben entstehen.In this known arrangement, the foam is to be produced on a foam-producing filling material and screens.

Bei dieser Anordnung erhöht sich wegen des enthaltenen Füllmaterials, das ein Strömungshindernis darstellt, der Strömungswiderstand, weshalb die Wurfweite und der am Ausgang der Vorrichtung nutzbare Strömungsdruck entsprechend niedrig ist.In this arrangement, the flow resistance increases because of the filling material contained, which represents a flow obstacle, which is why the throwing distance and the flow pressure usable at the outlet of the device are correspondingly low.

Ausgehend hiervon ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Schaum zu schaffen, um bei geringem Strömungswiderstand eine möglichst gute Schaumqualität zu schaffen, wobei die Vorrichtung lageunabhängig arbeiten soll.Proceeding from this, it is an object of the invention to provide a method and a device for producing foam in order to create the best possible foam quality with low flow resistance, the device being intended to work regardless of the position.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch das Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 und die Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 2 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention by the method with the features of claim 1 and the device with the features of claim 2.

Aufgrund der Abstimmung der Fließgeschwindigkeit des Flüssigkeitsgasgemisches in der zweiten Kammer entstehen dort Turbulenzen, die in dem Gemisch Scherkräfte erzeugen. Die Scherkräfte verkleinern die in der Flüssigkeit enthaltenen Gasblasen, während diese durch den Kanal hindurchströmen. Gleichzeitig damit entsteht ein Druckabbau, der verhindert, daß die Gasblasen des Schaums bei dessen Austritt aus der Vorrichtung platzen und den Schaum zerstören.Due to the coordination of the flow rate of the liquid gas mixture in the second chamber, turbulences arise there, which generate shear forces in the mixture. The shear forces reduce the gas bubbles contained in the liquid as they flow through the channel. At the same time this creates a pressure reduction which prevents the gas bubbles of the foam from bursting when it exits the device and destroying the foam.

Da die Scherkräfte über die gesamte Länge des Kanals wirksam sind, entsteht ein sehr gleichmäßiger Schaum, bei dem die Gasblasen einen sehr kleinen Durchmesser haben. Durch einfache Regulierung der Druckverhältnisse am Einlaß kann die Schaumqualität des erzeugten Schaums zwischen der Einstellung "naß" und "trocken" weitgehend beliebig reguliert werden.Since the shear forces are effective over the entire length of the channel, a very uniform foam is created in which the gas bubbles have a very small diameter. By simply regulating the pressure conditions at the inlet, the foam quality of the foam produced can be largely arbitrarily regulated between the "wet" and "dry" settings.

Besonders ginstige Verhältnisse stellen sich ein, wenn die Oberfläche des spaltförmigen Kanals pro Längeneinheit möglichst groß gegenüber dem Durchtrittsquerschnitt ist. Am einfachsten läßt sich dies bei kleiner Bauform durch einen ringspaltförmigen Kanal erreichen, weil hierbei sowohl an der Außenseite der Strömung als auch an der Innenseite Wände vorhanden sind, an denen die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit null sein muß. Trotz eines verhältnismäßig großen Durchtrittsquerschnittes hat eine solche Anordnung eine große wirksame Fläche, was hinsichtlich des auftretenden Strömungswiderstandes und der entstehenden Turbulenzen günstig ist insofern, als der Strömungswiderstand relativ klein ist, während andererseits zuverlässig auch bei niedrigen Drücken auf der Einlaßseite große Turbulenzen entstehen.Particularly favorable conditions arise when the surface of the gap-shaped channel per unit length is as large as possible compared to the passage cross section. The easiest way to achieve this in a small design is through an annular-gap-shaped channel, because here walls are present both on the outside of the flow and on the inside, on which the flow velocity must be zero. Despite a relatively large passage cross-section, such an arrangement has a large effective area, which is favorable in terms of the flow resistance occurring and the turbulence that occurs, in that the flow resistance is relatively small, while on the other hand large turbulence reliably occurs even at low pressures on the inlet side.

Bei Vorrichtungen, die große Mengen von Schaum pro Zeiteinheit erzeugen sollen, ist es günstig, wenn hinter dem ringspaltförmigen Kanal eine Expansionskammer angeordnet ist, in der der Druck in den Gasblasen abgebaut werden kann.In the case of devices which are intended to produce large amounts of foam per unit of time, it is advantageous if an expansion chamber is arranged behind the annularly shaped channel, in which the pressure in the gas bubbles can be reduced.

Wenn mit der Vorrichtung ein ins Freie austretender Schaumstrahl erzeugt werden soll, kann eine gute Bündelung des Strahls erreicht werden, wenn der Auslaß eine Lavaldüse enthält. Hierdurch wird ein Aufplatzen des Schaumstrahls infolge des noch nicht auf Atmosphärendruck abgebauten Innendrucks weitgehend vermieden. Mit Hilfe der Lavaldüse kann der im Schaumstrahl vorhandene Druck in Geschwindigkeit umgesetzt werden.If the device is to be used to generate a jet of foam which is discharged into the open, a good concentration of the jet can be achieved if the outlet contains a Laval nozzle. This largely prevents the foam jet from bursting as a result of the internal pressure which has not yet been reduced to atmospheric pressure. With the help of the Laval nozzle, the pressure in the foam jet can be converted into speed.

Eine Verkürzung der Vorrichtung läßt sich erreichen, wenn der ringspaltförmige Kanal in sich zurückgefaltet ist, so daß mehrere koaxial ineinander verlaufende Abschnitte entstehen, die an Umlenkstellen miteinander verbunden sind. Außerdem ist hierdurch eine Anpassung des Querschnittes des Ringspaltes an den in Richtung auf den Auslaß abnehmenden Druck möglich. Wenn an den Umlenkstellen, an denen die ringspaltförmigen Kanäle ineinander übergehen, scharfe Kanten vorhanden sind, wird hierdurch die Entstehung von Turbulenzen weiter verbessert.A shortening of the device can be achieved if the annular gap-shaped channel is folded back in itself, so that several coaxially extending sections are formed which are connected to one another at deflection points. This also makes it possible to adapt the cross section of the annular gap to the pressure decreasing in the direction of the outlet. If there are sharp edges at the deflection points at which the annular-gap-shaped channels merge into one another, this further improves the development of turbulence.

Ein günstiger Kompromiß zwischen Strömungswiderstand einerseits und Schaumqualität andererseits entsteht, wenn das Verhältnis zwischen dem Innendurchmesser bei einem ringspaltförmigen Kanal zu dem Außendurchmesser zwischen 1,2 und 2, vorzugsweise zwischen 1:1,5 bis 1:1,8 liegt. Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel hat sich als günstig ein Verhältnis von 1:1,67 herausgestellt.A favorable compromise between flow resistance on the one hand and foam quality on the other hand arises when the ratio between the inside diameter in the case of an annular-gap-shaped channel to the outside diameter is between 1.2 and 2, preferably between 1: 1.5 and 1: 1.8. In a preferred embodiment, a ratio of 1: 1.67 has been found to be favorable.

In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele des Gegenstandes der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Vorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung in einem schematisierten Längsschnitt,
Fig. 2
die Vorrichtung nach Fig. 1 in einem Querschnitt entlang der Linie II-II aus Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
eine Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Schaum mit einer Expansionskammer vor dem Auslaß,
Fig. 4
eine Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Schaum gemäß der Erfindung mit einem in sich gefalteten Ringkanal, und
Fig. 5 bis 7
Querschnitte durch die Vorrichtung nach Fig. 4 entsprechend der Schnitte V-V, VI-VI und VII-VII.
Exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are shown in the drawing. Show it:
Fig. 1
a device according to the invention in a schematic longitudinal section,
Fig. 2
1 in a cross section along the line II-II from FIG. 1,
Fig. 3
a device for producing foam with an expansion chamber in front of the outlet,
Fig. 4
a device for producing foam according to the invention with a folded annular channel, and
5 to 7
Cross sections through the device of FIG. 4 corresponding to the sections VV, VI-VI and VII-VII.

Die Fig. 1 und 2 zeigen eine Vorrichtung 1 zum Erzeugen von Schaum, die ein im wesentlichen zylindrisches Gehäuse 2 aufweist, in dem zwei zueinander koaxiale, hintereinander angeordnete Kammern 3 und 4 mit ebenfalls zylindrischer Gestalt enthalten sind. Die erste Kammer 3, die sich in Längsrichtung des Gehäuses 2 erstreckt, ist über eine durch eine Rückseite 5 des Gehäuses 2 verlaufende Bohrung 6 mit einem Anschlußstutzen 7 verbunden. Über den Anschlußstutzen 7 ist die Vorrichtung 1 mit einer nicht veranschaulichten Quelle für eine unter Druck stehende Flüssigkeit verbindbar. Ein weiterer Kanal 8 mündet seitlich oder radial in die erste Kammer 3 und verbindet die Kammer 3 mit einem Anschlußstutzen 9, über den die Vorrichtung 1 mit einer ebenfalls nicht veranschaulichten Quelle für unter Druck stehendes Gas verbindbar ist1 and 2 show a device 1 for producing foam, which has an essentially cylindrical housing 2, in which two mutually coaxial, one behind the other chambers 3 and 4 are contained with likewise cylindrical shape. The first chamber 3, which extends in the longitudinal direction of the housing 2, is connected to a connecting piece 7 via a bore 6 running through a rear side 5 of the housing 2. Via the connecting piece 7, the device 1 can be connected to a source (not shown) for a pressurized liquid. Another channel 8 opens laterally or radially into the first chamber 3 and connects the chamber 3 with a connecting piece 9, via which the device 1 can be connected to a source, also not shown, for gas under pressure

An die erste Kammer 3 schließt sich die zweite wiederum zylindrische Kammer 4 mit einer durchgehend glatten zylindrischen Innenwand 10 an. Die Kammer 4 hat bis zu ihrem Auslaß 11 einen konstanten Durchmesser, der nennenswert größer ist als der Durchmesser der Kammer 3 und außerdem hat sie eine beträchtliche Länge, verglichen mit der axialen Erstreckung der Kammer 3.The first chamber 3 is followed by the second cylindrical chamber 4 with a continuously smooth cylindrical inner wall 10. The chamber 4 has a constant diameter up to its outlet 11 which is appreciably larger than the diameter of the chamber 3 and also has a considerable length compared to the axial extension of the chamber 3.

Im Inneren der Kammer 4 befindet sich ein zylindrischer Füllkörper 12, der zwei plane Stirnseiten 13 und 14 aufweist. Er ist mit Hilfe von jeweils drei speichenartigen Streben 15, die in der Nähe der stirnseitigen Enden 13 und 14 angeordnet sind, im Inneren der Kammer 4 abgestützt, so daß er koaxial zu der zylindrischen Innenwand 10 verläuft. Seine plane Stirnseite 13 steht in einem kurzen axialen Abstand der Mündung der Kammer 3 in die Kammer 4 gegenüber, während sich die Stirnseite 14 dem Auslaß 11 gegenüberliegend befindet. Es entsteht auf diese Weise zwischen der zylindrischen Innenwand 10 und der Außenwand des zylindrischen Füllkörpers 12 ein ringspaltförmiger Kanal 16, der sich nahezu über die gesamte Länge der Kammer 4, nämlich beginnend bei der Einmündung der Kammer 3 bis hin zu dem Auslaß 11 erstreckt.In the interior of the chamber 4 there is a cylindrical filling body 12 which has two flat end faces 13 and 14. It is supported by means of three spoke-like struts 15, which are arranged in the vicinity of the front ends 13 and 14, in the interior of the chamber 4, so that it runs coaxially with the cylindrical inner wall 10. Its flat end face 13 is at a short axial distance from the mouth the chamber 3 in the chamber 4 opposite, while the end face 14 is opposite the outlet 11. In this way, an annular gap-shaped channel 16 is formed between the cylindrical inner wall 10 and the outer wall of the cylindrical packing 12, which extends almost over the entire length of the chamber 4, namely starting at the mouth of the chamber 3 up to the outlet 11.

An den Auslaß 11 schließt sich eine Lavaldüse 17 an, die in bekannter Weise zwei etwa kegelstumpfförmige Kanalabschnitte 18 und 19 enthält, die mit ihrem jeweils kleineren Durchmesser bei 21 ineinander übergehen. Der größere Durchmesser des kegelstumpfförmigen Abschnittes 19 bildet einen Auslaß 22, über den ein erzeugter Schaum die Vorrichtung 1 verläßt.At the outlet 11 there is a Laval nozzle 17, which contains in a known manner two approximately frusto-conical channel sections 18 and 19 which merge into one another at 21 with their smaller diameters. The larger diameter of the frustoconical section 19 forms an outlet 22 through which a foam produced leaves the device 1.

Die insoweit beschriebene Vorrichtung arbeitet in der Weise, daß beispielsweise über den Einlaßanschluß 7 Wasser mit einem Druck von ca. 2 bar zugeführt wird, und über den Einlaßanschluß 9 Luft etwa mit dem gleichen Druck eingespeist wird. Das zugeführte Wasser und die zugeführte Luft mischen sich unter Bildung von großen Blasen in der Kammer 3, aus der das Wasser-/Luft-Gemisch in die Kammer 4 einströmt. Die Spaltweite des ringspaltförmigen Kanals 16 ist so bemessen, daß bei den Speisedrücken von Luft und Wasser eine turbulente Strömung entsteht, in der Scherkräfte auftreten, die die Gasblasen immer weiter verkleinern, bis die entstandene Zähigkeit des Schaumes eine weitere Verkleinerung der Gasblasen verhindert. Der entstandene Schaum strömt schließlich über die Lavaldüse 17 als kompakter Schaumstrahl ins Freie.The device described so far works in such a way that, for example, water is supplied at a pressure of approximately 2 bar via the inlet connection 7, and air is fed in at approximately the same pressure via the inlet connection 9. The supplied water and the supplied air mix to form large bubbles in the chamber 3, from which the water / air mixture flows into the chamber 4. The gap width of the annular gap-shaped channel 16 is dimensioned such that a turbulent flow arises at the feed pressures of air and water, in which shear forces occur which reduce the gas bubbles ever further until the resulting toughness of the foam prevents further reduction of the gas bubbles. The resulting foam finally flows out into the open via the Laval nozzle 17 as a compact foam jet.

Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 3 liegt wegen der anderen Längenverhältnisse die Stirnseite 14 des Füllkörpers 12 in einem beträchtlichen Abstand von dem Auslaß 11, so daß eine Expansionskammer 24 entsteht, in die der erzeugte Schaum aus dem Ringspalt 16 einmündet. Der Schaum kann in der Expansionskammer 24 weiter entspannen, ehe er durch die Lavaldüse 17 austritt.In the embodiment according to FIG. 3, because of the different length ratios, the end face 14 of the filler body 12 is at a considerable distance from the outlet 11, so that an expansion chamber 24 is formed, into which the foam generated opens out from the annular gap 16. The foam can further relax in the expansion chamber 24 before it exits through the Laval nozzle 17.

Bei praktischen Ausführungsformen der Vorrichtung 1 hat es sich als zweckmäßig erwiesen, wenn die lichte Weite der Kammer 4 etwa 30,5 mm beträgt, während der Außendurchmesser des Füllkörpers 12 im Falle des Ausführungsbeispiels nach Fig. 1 etwa 18 mm und im Falle des Ausführungsbeispieles nach Fig. 3 ca. 15,5 mm ist. Dies gibt ein Durchmesserverhältnis zwischen dem Außendurchmesser des Füllkörpers 12 und dem Innendurchmesser der Kammer 4 von ca. 1:1,67. Die Längen betragen hierbei etwa 30 mm für die Kammer 3 und 200 mm für die Kammer 4, jeweils gemessen bis zu der Stirnseite 14 des Füllstückes 12, während die Expansionskammer 24 eine ungefähre Länge von 100 mm aufweist. Die Lavaldüse 17 hat schließlich eine Länge von etwa 60 mm.In practical embodiments of the device 1, it has proven to be expedient if the inside width of the chamber 4 is approximately 30.5 mm, while the outer diameter of the filling body 12 in the case of the embodiment according to FIG. 1 is approximately 18 mm and in the case of the embodiment according to Fig. 3 is approximately 15.5 mm. This gives a diameter ratio between the outside diameter of the filler body 12 and the inside diameter of the chamber 4 of approximately 1: 1.67. The lengths here are approximately 30 mm for the chamber 3 and 200 mm for the chamber 4, each measured up to the end face 14 of the filler 12, while the expansion chamber 24 has an approximate length of 100 mm. The Laval nozzle 17 finally has a length of approximately 60 mm.

In den Fig. 4 bis 7 ist eine Vorrichtung 1 zum Erzeugen von Schaum gezeigt, bei der der ringspaltförmige Kanal 16 mehrfach in sich gefaltet ist, so daß insgesamt eine Verkürzung der Anordnung zustandekommt. Auch bei dieser Anordnung ist, wie bei den v orherigen Ausführungsbeispielen der Vorrichtung 1, der ringspaltförmige Kanal 16 weitgehend frei von Strömungshindernissen, abgesehen von denjenigen Verstrebungen, die notwendig sind, um die einzelnen Rohrabschnitte und Füllkörper koaxial zueinander zu haltern.4 to 7, a device 1 for producing foam is shown, in which the annularly shaped channel 16 is folded several times in itself, so that overall the arrangement is shortened. In this arrangement, too, as in the previous exemplary embodiments of the device 1, the annularly shaped channel 16 is largely free of flow obstacles, apart from those struts that are necessary to the individual To hold pipe sections and packing coaxially to each other.

Teile, die denjenigen aus den Ausführungsbeispielen nach den Fig. 1 und 2 entsprechen, sind mit denselben Bezugszeichen versehen.Parts which correspond to those from the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 and 2 are provided with the same reference symbols.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Vorrichtung 1 zum Erzeugen von Schaum, die im wesentlichen vier koaxial ineinander steckende zylindrische Rohre 25, 26, 27 und 28 aufweist, von denen das Rohr 28 gleichzeitig das äußere Gehäuse 2 darstellt, in dessen eines Ende von der Stirnseite her ein Verschlußstück 29 abgedichtet eingesetzt ist. Das andere Ende des bis dahin zylindrisch glatten Rohres 28 ist ab einer Stelle 31 unter Ausbildung einer Düse 32 konisch oder kegelig sich verjüngend ausgebildet und geht jenseits der Düse 32 in einen Auslaß 33 über, dessen Durchmesser wesentlich geringer als der Innendurchmesser des Rohres 28 ist.Fig. 4 shows a device 1 for producing foam, which essentially has four coaxial cylindrical tubes 25, 26, 27 and 28, of which the tube 28 simultaneously represents the outer housing 2, in one end of which from the end face a closure piece 29 is inserted in a sealed manner. The other end of the tube 28, which has been cylindrical until then, is conically or conically tapered from a point 31 to form a nozzle 32 and merges beyond the nozzle 32 into an outlet 33, the diameter of which is substantially smaller than the inside diameter of the tube 28.

Das Verschlußstück 29 besteht aus einer Kappe 34, an die ein zylindrischer Fortsatz 35 angeformt ist, der in dem Rohr 28 steckt und dort beispielsweise mittels Kaltschweißung unlösbar befestigt ist. In der Kappe 34 enthält das Verschlußstück 29 eine konzentrische Bohrung 36, in die ein im wesentlichen rohrförmiger Einspeisekopf 37 abgedichtet eingesetzt ist. Der Einspeisekopf 37 hat, wie gezeigt, etwa T-förmige Gestalt und besteht aus einstückig miteinander verbundenen Rohrabschnitten 38, 39 und 41, von denen die Rohrabschnitte 38 und 41 koaxial und in Verlängerung zueinander verlaufen, während der Rohrabschnitt 39 rechtwinklig dazu abgeht.The closure piece 29 consists of a cap 34, on which a cylindrical extension 35 is formed, which is inserted in the tube 28 and is permanently attached there, for example by means of cold welding. In the cap 34, the closure piece 29 contains a concentric bore 36, into which an essentially tubular feed head 37 is inserted in a sealed manner. As shown, the feed head 37 is approximately T-shaped and consists of pipe sections 38, 39 and 41 which are connected to one another in one piece, of which the pipe sections 38 and 41 run coaxially and in an extension to one another, while the pipe section 39 extends at right angles thereto.

Das Rohrstück 41 ist abgedichtet in die Bohrung 36 des Verschlußstückes 29 eingesteckt und ragt im Inneren geringfügig über den Boden der Kappe 34 hinaus. In das Rohrstück 41 ist abgedichtet das Rohr 26 eingesetzt, das an einer planen Stirnseite endet, die einen Auslaß 47 bildet, der kurz vor dem Beginn der düsenförmigen Verjüngung 32 liegt. Das Rohr 26 steht auf diese Weise strömungsmäßig mit dem Rohrstück 39 in Verbindung, auf dessen freies Ende ein Fitting 43 abgedichtet aufgesetzt ist, an den eine Flüssigkeitszuführungsleitung 44 anschließbar ist.The pipe section 41 is sealed in the bore 36 of the closure piece 29 and protrudes slightly beyond the bottom of the cap 34 inside. In the pipe section 41, the pipe 26 is inserted in a sealed manner, which ends at a flat end face which forms an outlet 47 which is located shortly before the start of the nozzle-shaped taper 32. In this way, the pipe 26 is connected in terms of flow to the pipe section 39, on the free end of which a fitting 43 is placed in a sealed manner and to which a liquid supply line 44 can be connected.

Auf dem Rohrstück 38 sitzt abgedichtet ebenfalls ein Fitting 45, der einerseits das Rohrstück 38 nach außen abdichtet und in den andererseits das Rohr 25 einenends abgedichtet eingesetzt ist. Der Fitting 45 bildet einen Anschluß für eine Gaszufuhrleitung 46, durch die Gas bzw. Luft in das Rohr 25 einzuspeisen ist, das koaxial durch die Rohrstücke 38 und 41 hindurch in das Rohr 26 hineinführt und das an einer Mündung 47 endet. Die Mündung 47 springt, wie dargestellt, ein beachtliches Stück gegenüber dem Auslaß 42 des Rohres 26 zurück.A fitting 45 is also sealed on the pipe section 38, which on the one hand seals the pipe section 38 to the outside and in which on the other hand the pipe 25 is inserted in a sealed manner. The fitting 45 forms a connection for a gas supply line 46, through which gas or air is to be fed into the pipe 25, which leads coaxially through the pipe sections 38 and 41 into the pipe 26 and which ends at an opening 47. The mouth 47 jumps back, as shown, a considerable distance from the outlet 42 of the tube 26.

Das Rohr 27 schließlich befindet sich ausschließlich im Inneren des Rohres 28 und umgibt konzentrisch einen im Inneren des Rohres 28 befindlichen Teil des Rohres 26. An dem dem Auslaß 42 benachbarten Ende ist das Rohr 27 durch ein Verschlußstück 48 verschlossen, das aus einem Gewindeansatz 49 sowie eine einstückig daran angeformte sechseckige Kappe 51 besteht. Die Kappe 51 steht zumindest mit ihren Ecken über die Außenumfangsfläche des Rohres 27 radial vor, wie dies die Fig. 6 und 7 erkennen lassen.Finally, the tube 27 is located exclusively in the interior of the tube 28 and concentrically surrounds a part of the tube 26 located in the interior of the tube 28. At the end adjacent to the outlet 42, the tube 27 is closed by a closure piece 48, which consists of a threaded shoulder 49 and there is an integrally molded hexagonal cap 51 thereon. The cap 51 protrudes radially at least with its corners over the outer circumferential surface of the tube 27, as can be seen in FIGS. 6 and 7.

Mit dem zylindrischen Gewindeansatz 49 ist das Verschlußstück 48 abgedichtet in das Rohr 27 eingeschraubt, während die Kappe 51 an der kegelstumpfförmigen Innenfläche der konisch sich verjüngenden Düse 32 anliegt. Das das Verschlußstück 48 enthaltende Ende des Rohres 7 ist auf diese Weise in der Vorrichtung 1 radial bezüglich dessen Längsachse fixiert.With the cylindrical threaded shoulder 49, the closure piece 48 is screwed into the tube 27 in a sealed manner, while the cap 51 bears on the frustoconical inner surface of the conically tapering nozzle 32. The end of the tube 7 containing the closure piece 48 is thus fixed radially in the device 1 with respect to its longitudinal axis.

Zwischen der Kappe 51 und der Innenwand der Düse 32 entstehen sechs segmentförmige Drosselöffnungen 52, durch die der zu erzeugende Schaum in Richtung auf die Austrittsöffnung 33 die Düse 32 verläßt.Between the cap 51 and the inner wall of the nozzle 32, six segment-shaped throttle openings 52 are created, through which the foam to be produced leaves the nozzle 32 in the direction of the outlet opening 33.

Das andere Ende des Rohres 27 ist in der Nähe des Verschlußstück 29 mit Hilfe zweier Streben in radialer Rich tung fixiert, die zwischen der Außenumfangsfläche des Rohres 27 und der Innenumfangsfläche des Rohres 28 sich erstrecken. Die Streben 53 und 54 haben etwa die Gestalt von Ringsektoren. Sie haben einen Erstreckungswinkel von etwa 90° und liegen bezüglich der Längsachse der Vorrichtung 1 einander diametral gegenüber. Gleichzeitig erfolgt mit Hilfe dieser Streben 53 und 54 die axiale Fixierung des Rohres 27, das mit den Streben 53 und 54 unlösbar verbunden ist. Die Streben 53 und 54 sind ihrerseits unlösbar an dem Rohr 28 befestigt.The other end of the tube 27 is fixed in the vicinity of the closure piece 29 by means of two struts in the radial direction Rich, which extend between the outer peripheral surface of the tube 27 and the inner peripheral surface of the tube 28. The struts 53 and 54 have approximately the shape of ring sectors. They have an extension angle of approximately 90 ° and are diametrically opposite to one another with respect to the longitudinal axis of the device 1. At the same time, these struts 53 and 54 are used to axially fix the tube 27, which is permanently connected to the struts 53 and 54. The struts 53 and 54 are in turn permanently attached to the tube 28.

Zwischen der Außenumfangsfläche des Rohres 26 und der Innenumfangsfläche des Rohres 27 entsteht auf diese Weise ein zylindrischer Spalt 56, der in der Höhe des Auslasses 42 beginnt und der an einem Auslaß 57 endet, der von entsprechenden planen Stirnsei ten des Rohres 26 begrenzt ist.Between the outer circumferential surface of the tube 26 and the inner circumferential surface of the tube 27, a cylindrical gap 56 is formed in this way, which begins at the height of the outlet 42 and which ends at an outlet 57 which is delimited by corresponding flat front sides of the tube 26.

Sowohl in der Nähe des Auslasses 42 als auch in der Nähe des Auslasses 57 können in dem Ringspalt oder Ringkanal 56 Drosselstellen in Gestalt ringsektorförmiger Streben 58 und 59 bzw. 61 und 62 vorgesehen sein. Diese Streben 58 ... 62 legen außerdem das Rohr 26 in radialer Richtung gegenüber dem Rohr 27 fest.Both in the vicinity of the outlet 42 and in the vicinity of the outlet 57, throttle points in the form of struts 58 and 59 or 61 and 62 in the form of ring sector-shaped struts can be provided in the annular gap or annular channel 56. These struts 58 ... 62 also fix the tube 26 in the radial direction relative to the tube 27.

Die insoweit beschriebene Vorrichtung 1 wird folgendermaßen betrieben: Über die Leitung 44 wird mit einem Schaumbildner und gegebenenfalls weiteren Zusatzstoffen, wie Wachs, versehenes Wasser mit einem Druck zwischen 3 und 10 bar zugeführt, bei entsprechender Wahl des Materials auch höher, bis zur Bruchfestigkeit. Das eingespeiste Wasser strömt durch den zwischen dem Rohr 25 und dem Rohr 26 gebildeten Ringspalt in Richtung auf den Auslaß 42. Gleichzeitig wird über die Leitung 46 ein Gas, vorzugsweise Luft, mit einem Druck größer als 0,5 bar zugeführt. Die eingespeiste Luft strömt durch das Rohr 25 hindurch und gelangt an der Mündung 47 in den das Rohr 25 umgebenden Flüssigkeitsstrom, um sich mit diesem unter Blasenbildung zu vermischen. Das entstandene Gas-Flüssigkeitsgemisch bzw. Luft-Wasser-Gemisch strömt weiter durch das Rohr 26 in Richtung auf den Auslaß 42. An dem Auslaß 42, der von der Stirnseite des Rohres 26 gebildet ist, wird die Strömung omniazimutal bezüglich der Längsrichtung der Vorrichtung 1 zweimal um 90° scharfkantig abgelenkt, nämlich einmal an der Innenkante 63, d.h. derjenigen Kante, an der die Innenwand des Rohres 26 in die plane Stirnfläche übergeht und ein zweites Mal an der Außenkante 64, d.h. an derjenigen Kante, an der die plane Stirnfläche in die Außenwand übergeht.The device 1 described so far is operated as follows: Via the line 44, water provided with a foaming agent and possibly other additives, such as wax, is supplied at a pressure between 3 and 10 bar, with a corresponding choice of the material also higher, up to the breaking strength. The fed-in water flows through the annular gap formed between the tube 25 and the tube 26 in the direction of the outlet 42. At the same time, a gas, preferably air, is supplied via the line 46 at a pressure greater than 0.5 bar. The fed-in air flows through the pipe 25 and arrives at the mouth 47 into the liquid flow surrounding the pipe 25 in order to mix with it with the formation of bubbles. The resulting gas-liquid mixture or air-water mixture continues to flow through the pipe 26 in the direction of the outlet 42. At the outlet 42, which is formed by the end face of the pipe 26, the flow becomes omniazimuthal with respect to the longitudinal direction of the device 1 deflected twice by 90 °, namely once on the inner edge 63, ie the edge at which the inner wall of the tube 26 merges into the flat end face and a second time on the outer edge 64, ie on the edge at which the flat end face in the outer wall merges.

Nach der zweiten Umlenkung um 90° strömt das Gas-Flüssigkeitsgemisch durch den verhältnismäßig engen Ringspalt 56 zurück in Richtung auf den Speisekopf 37, d.h. entgegen der Strömungsrichtung in der von dem Rohr 26 begrenzten Kammer. Hierbei trifft das Gemisch zunächst auf die Drosselstelle aus den beiden sektorförmigen Streben 58 und 59, die die Querschnittsfläche des Ringspaltes 56 um die Häfte reduzieren, während sich dahinter die Strömung wieder auf die gesamte Querschnittsfläche des Ringspaltes 56 ausdehen kann.After the second deflection by 90 °, the gas-liquid mixture flows back through the relatively narrow annular gap 56 in the direction of the feed head 37, i.e. against the direction of flow in the chamber delimited by the tube 26. Here, the mixture first meets the throttle point from the two sector-shaped struts 58 and 59, which reduce the cross-sectional area of the annular gap 56 by half, while the flow behind it can again extend to the entire cross-sectional area of the annular gap 56.

Im Abstand von den beiden sektorförmigen Streben 53 und 54 trifft die Strömung vor Erreichen der Austrittsöffnung 57, d.h. vor dem Ende des Ringspaltes 56, erneut auf zwei sektorförmige Streben, nämlich die sektorförmigen Streben 61 und 62, die wiederum den Strömungsquerschnitt auf die Hälfte reduzieren. Nach Verlassen dieser Drosselstelle gelangt das Gemisch, in dem zwischenzeitlich die Gas-oder Luftblasen sehr fein und gleichmäßig verteilt sind, zu der Austrittsöffnung 57, an der die Strömung wiederum zweimal um 90° scharfkantig umgelenkt wird. Die eine innenliegende scharfe Kante ist die Kante 66, an der die Innenwand des Rohres 27 in dessen Stirnfläche übergeht, während die zweite radial weiter außen liegende scharfe Kante 67 diejenige ist, an der die Stirnfläche in die Außenwand eben desselben Rohres 27 übergeht. Der aus dem Gas-Wasser-Gemisch entstandene Schaum strömt nach der zweimaligen Umlenkung hinter der Austrittsöffnung 57 wiederum in dieselbe Richtung wie in dem Rohr 26, und zwar in einem zylindrische n Ringspalt 68, der von der Außenwand 27 und der Innenwand des Rohres 28 begrenzt ist. Da dieser Ringspalt 68 eine größere Querschnittsfläche aufweist als der Ringspalt 56, tritt nach dem Umlenken hinter der Austrittsöffnung 57 zunächst eine Beruhigung in der Strömung auf.At a distance from the two sector-shaped struts 53 and 54, the flow again meets two sector-shaped struts, namely the sector-shaped struts 61 and 62, which in turn reduce the flow cross-section by half before reaching the outlet opening 57, ie before the end of the annular gap 56. After leaving this throttle point, the mixture, in which the gas or air bubbles are now very finely and evenly distributed, arrives at the outlet opening 57, at which the flow is again sharply deflected twice by 90 °. One inner sharp edge is the edge 66 on which the inner wall of the tube 27 merges into its end face, while the second radially further outward sharp edge 67 is the one on which the end face merges into the outer wall of the same tube 27. After the double deflection behind the outlet opening 57, the foam formed from the gas-water mixture flows again in the same direction as in the tube 26, specifically in a cylindrical annular gap 68 which is delimited by the outer wall 27 and the inner wall of the tube 28 is. Because of this Annular gap 68 has a larger cross-sectional area than the annular gap 56, after the deflection behind the outlet opening 57 there is initially a calming in the flow.

Der durch den Ringspalt 68 fließende Schaum wird schließlich im Bereich der Düse 32 durch die segmentförmigen Drosselöffnungen 52 gepreßt, so daß auf der Abströmseite, d.h. zwischen der Kappe 51 und der Austrittsöffnung 33 eine erneute starke Verwirbelung auftritt, die sich im Anschluß daran wieder beruhigt.The foam flowing through the annular gap 68 is finally pressed in the region of the nozzle 32 through the segment-shaped throttle openings 52, so that on the outflow side, i.e. Another strong swirling occurs between the cap 51 and the outlet opening 33, which then calms down again.

Der entstandene Schaum kann entweder an der Austrittsöffnung 33 ins Freie gelangen oder es kann, wie dargestellt, an der Austrittsöffnung 33 ein Rohrleitungssystem 69 angeschlossen sein, um den erzeugten Schaum an die jeweils gewünschte Stelle zu transportieren.The resulting foam can either go outside at the outlet opening 33 or, as shown, a pipe system 69 can be connected to the outlet opening 33 in order to transport the foam to the desired location.

Die Feinzelligkeit und Gleichmäßigkeit des Schaumes läßt sich noch verbessern, wenn der Schaum durch einen Drosselspalt mit scharfer Strömungsabrißkante hindurchströmen muß. Ein solcher Drosselspalt ist bei der Vorrichtung 1 nach Fig. 1 im Bereich des Auslasses 57 bei 71 vorgesehen. Der Drosselspalt 71 wird einerseits begrenzt durch die Kante 67 und andererseits durch eine Kante 72, die, bezogen auf die Längsachse der Vorrichtung 1, auf der gleichen Höhe wie die Kante 67 liegt und an dem zylindrischen Fortsatz 35 ausgebildet ist. Der zylindrische Fortsatz 35 ist hierzu, wie die Figur zeigt, mit einem entsprechenden Hohlraum versehen, so daß der aus dem Auslaß 57 austretende Schaum in den Hohlraum des zylindrischen Fortsatzes 35 gelangt und von dort in Richtung auf den Drosselspalt 71 umgelenkt wird. Damit der Strömungsabriß auftreten kann, ist der Durchmesser der Strömungsabrißkante 72 beträchtlich kleiner als die lichte Weite des Rohres 28, in der der zylindrische Fortsatz 35 steckt, so daß an der Strömungsabrißkante 72 erhebliche Turbulenzen im Schaum entstehen können. Im Bereich der Strömungsabrißkante 72 springt der umgebende Rand des zylindrischen Fortsatzes 35 rechtwinklig nach außen radial zurück.The fine-celledness and uniformity of the foam can be further improved if the foam has to flow through a throttle gap with a sharp flow separation edge. Such a throttle gap is provided in the device 1 according to FIG. 1 in the region of the outlet 57 at 71. The throttle gap 71 is delimited on the one hand by the edge 67 and on the other hand by an edge 72 which, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the device 1, is at the same height as the edge 67 and is formed on the cylindrical extension 35. The cylindrical extension 35 is, as the figure shows, provided with a corresponding cavity so that the foam emerging from the outlet 57 enters the cavity of the cylindrical extension 35 and is deflected from there towards the throttle gap 71. So that Stall can occur, the diameter of the stall edge 72 is considerably smaller than the clear width of the tube 28 in which the cylindrical extension 35 is inserted, so that considerable turbulence can arise in the foam at the stall edge 72. In the area of the flow separation edge 72, the surrounding edge of the cylindrical extension 35 jumps radially outward at right angles.

Wenn die Vorrichtung 1 freistrahlend Schaum erzeugen soll, ist es von Vorteil, wenn die als Drosselkörper wirkende Kappe 51 dem Schaumstrahl einen Drall erteilt, was dadurch erreicht werden kann, daß die Seitenflächen der im Querschnitt hexagonalen Kappe 51 leicht schraubenförmig deformiert sind.If the device 1 is to produce free-jet foam, it is advantageous if the cap 51 acting as a throttle body gives the foam jet a swirl, which can be achieved in that the side faces of the cap 51, which is hexagonal in cross section, are slightly deformed in a helical manner.

Es versteht sich, daß der Strömungsweg für den Schaum, der bei der gezeigten Vorrichtung zwei Mal gefaltet ist, durch Anordnung weiterer Kammern, die dann ebenfalls durch Drosselstellen und Umlenkstellen miteinander verbunden sind, weiter gefaltet werden kann.It goes without saying that the flow path for the foam, which is folded twice in the device shown, can be further folded by arranging further chambers, which are then likewise connected to one another by throttling points and deflection points.

Claims (33)

  1. Method for generating foam wherein a liquid and a gas are each fed under pressure into a mixing device and first mixed in said mixing device and then foamed up by means (16) for generating a turbulence in the liquid-gas mixture, characterized in that said first formed liquid-gas mixture is conducted through a slot-shaped channel (16) free of obstacles to the flow, and in that the pressures at which said liquid and said gas are introduced are such that a turbulent flow is created in at least sections of said channel.
  2. Device for generating foam comprising a first chamber (3) having a liquid inlet (7), a gas inlet (9) and an outlet, a liquid being introducible under pressure via said liquid inlet (7) and a gas under pressure via said gas inlet (9) into said chamber (3) and the resulting gas-liquid mixture leaving said chamber (3) via said outlet, and comprising a second chamber (4) connected to said outlet of said first chamber (3) and having an outlet (11), said liquid-gas mixture flowing through said second chamber (4) in the direction towards said outlet (11) with turbulences thereby being created therein, characterized in that said second chamber (4) contains a slot-shaped channel (16) which is essentially free of obstacles to the flow, the width of said slot thereof being of such dimensions that at the feeding pressures of liquid and gas, a turbulent flow is created and brings about the foaming-up of the liquid-gas mixture.
  3. Device as defined in claim 2, characterized in that said channel (16) has the shape of an annular slot and is delimited by an outer cylindrical wall (10) and an inner cylindrical wall (12) coaxial with the latter.
  4. Device as defined in claim 3, characterized in that the diameter of said outer cylindrical wall (10) is greater than the diameter of said inner cylindrical wall (12) by the factor of 1.2 to 2.0, preferably by the factor of 1.5 to 1.8.
  5. Device as defined in claim 2, characterized in that an expansion chamber (24) is arranged between said slot-shaped channel (16) and said outlet (11) of said second chamber (4).
  6. Device as defined in claim 5, characterized in that said channel (16) has a constant cross-section in the longitudinal direction.
  7. Device as defined in claim 2, characterized in that said outlet of said second chamber (4) contains a Laval nozzle.
  8. Device as defined in claim 3, characterized in that said annular slot-shaped channel (16) is folded within itself and has several sections (25 ... 28) which extend coaxially with one another and are joined together at diverting points (63, 64; 66, 67).
  9. Device as defined in claim 2, characterized in that a tube for introducing said gas extends coaxially in said first chamber (3), and in that said gas is introduced concentrically into a flow of liquid in said first chamber (3).
  10. Device as defined in claim 8, characterized in that one diverting point (63) lies at said outlet (17) of said first chamber (3).
  11. Device as defined in claim 10, characterized in that said diverting point (63) is designed such that the flow, in relation to the direction of flow in said first chamber (3), is diverted omniazimuthally through at least 70°.
  12. Device as defined in claim 8, characterized in that said diverting point has at least one sharp edge (63).
  13. Device as defined in claim 12, characterized in that said sharp edge (63) is formed on said outlet (42) of said first chamber (3) and delimits said outlet (42).
  14. Device as defined in claim 8, characterized in that said diverting point (63, 64) is designed such that the flow is diverted through 180° and flows outside of said first chamber (3) in the direction opposite to the direction of flow inside said chamber (3).
  15. Device as defined in claim 14, characterized in that said diverting point comprises a first edge (63) extending in circular configuration and a second edge (64) extending in circular configuration and coaxially with the latter.
  16. Device as defined in claim 10, characterized in that said tubular first chamber (26) has a cylindrical outer circumferential surface and said first chamber (26) is arranged coaxially in a second tubular chamber (27) closed at the end face located opposite said outlet (42) and forming a channel outlet (57) at the other end face, and in that the inside wall of said chamber (26) and the outside wall of said chamber (27) delimit said annular channel.
  17. Device as defined in claim 16, characterized in that a second diverting point (66, 67) at which the flow is diverted through at least 70° in relation to the flow in said annular channel (56) is provided in the region of said channel outlet (57).
  18. Device as defined in claim 17, characterized in that said second diverting point (66, 67) is designed such that the flow, in relation to the direction of flow in said annular channel (56), is diverted omniazimuthally through at least 70°.
  19. Device as defined in claim 17, characterized in that said second diverting point has at least one sharp edge (66).
  20. Device as defined in claim 19, characterized in that said sharp edge (66) is formed at said channel outlet (57) of said second chamber (27) and delimits said channel outlet (57).
  21. Device as defined in claim 17, characterized in that said diverting point (66, 67) is designed such that the flow is diverted through 180° and flows outside of said second chamber (27) in the direction opposite to the direction of flow inside said chamber (27).
  22. Device as defined in claim 21, characterized in that said second diverting point comprises a first edge (66) extending in circular configuration and a second edge (67) extending in circular configuration and coaxially with the latter.
  23. Device as defined in claim 17, characterized in that a channel (68) of annular design and constant cross-section in at least sections thereof in the longitudinal direction is arranged from the point of view of the flow so as to adjoin said second diverting point (66, 67).
  24. Device as defined in claim 17, characterized in that said tubular second chamber (27) has a cylindrical outer circumferential surface and this chamber (27) is inserted coaxially in a third tubular chamber (28) closed at the end face located opposite said channel outlet (57) and forming the outlet opening (33) at the other end face, and in that both chambers (27, 28) delimit an annular channel (68).
  25. Device as defined in claim 24, characterized in that said channel outlet of said second annular channel (68) contains an outlet nozzle (32), the cross-section of the clearance of which decreases continuously in the direction towards its outlet (33) and the largest inside diameter of which is equal to the outside diameter of said second annular channel (68).
  26. Device as defined in claims 6 and 23, characterized in that said first and/or second channel (56, 68) contains in the direction of flow shortly behind said first and before said second diverting point (63, 64; 66, 67) at least one constriction (53, 54; 61, 62).
  27. Device as defined in claim 21, characterized in that said constriction is formed by two or more annular sectors (53, 54; 61, 62).
  28. Device as defined in claim 25, characterized in that a constriction member (51) which closes the cross-section of said outlet nozzle (32) except for a number of small openings (52) delimited by said constriction member (51) and the inside wall of said outlet nozzle (32) is arranged in said outlet nozzle (32).
  29. Device as defined in claim 28, characterized in that said constriction member (51) has guiding surfaces which impart a twist to the foam flowing past them.
  30. Device as defined in claim 2, characterized in that the spacing in the direction of flow between the liquid inlet (39) and the mouth (47) of said tube (25) supplying said gas is large in comparison with the clearance of said first chamber (26).
  31. Device as defined in claim 2, characterized in that the spacing between said mouth (47) of said tube (25) supplying said gas and said first diverting point (63, 64) is approximately ten times the clearance of said first chamber (26).
  32. Device as defined in claim 2, characterized in that a constriction (71) containing a gap (71) with at least one sharp break-away edge (72) is provided behind at least one diverting point (63, 64) in the direction of flow.
  33. Device as defined in claim 32, characterized in that said constriction (71) is in the form of an annular constriction gap.
EP87114387A 1986-10-09 1987-10-02 Foam generating device Expired - Lifetime EP0264689B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87114387T ATE81306T1 (en) 1986-10-09 1987-10-02 DEVICE FOR GENERATING FOAM.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3634361 1986-10-09
DE19863634361 DE3634361A1 (en) 1986-10-09 1986-10-09 DEVICE FOR PRODUCING FOAM

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0264689A1 EP0264689A1 (en) 1988-04-27
EP0264689B1 true EP0264689B1 (en) 1992-10-07

Family

ID=6311355

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87114387A Expired - Lifetime EP0264689B1 (en) 1986-10-09 1987-10-02 Foam generating device

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0264689B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE81306T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3634361A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5061406A (en) * 1990-09-25 1991-10-29 Union Carbide Industrial Gases Technology Corporation In-line gas/liquid dispersion
DE19537239C2 (en) * 1995-03-03 1997-11-06 Heidelberger Baustofftech Gmbh Device and method for producing a foamed binder
NL1019212C2 (en) * 2001-10-23 2002-08-20 Theodorus Alphonsius Niemeijer Method and device for treating surfaces.
CN110614043B (en) * 2019-09-25 2022-05-06 芜湖美的厨卫电器制造有限公司 Micro-nano bubble liquid generating device and water outlet equipment

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2513417A (en) * 1946-02-05 1950-07-04 American La France Foamite Airfoam nozzle
US3117629A (en) * 1960-04-07 1964-01-14 Rotvand Lydie Generator of a mechanical foam for fire extinguishing purpose
GB1481993A (en) * 1973-09-11 1977-08-03 Chemtrust Ind Corp Foam generating apparatus
DE2638000A1 (en) * 1976-08-24 1978-03-09 Licentia Gmbh High efficiently foam forming fire extinguisher - introduces variable foam producing agent quantities into air stream with subsequent turbulence producing section
US4042510A (en) * 1976-09-02 1977-08-16 Canton Textile Mills, Inc. Liquid aeration device
US4394289A (en) * 1981-07-01 1983-07-19 Brown Lamar W Continuous foam generating system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0264689A1 (en) 1988-04-27
DE3634361A1 (en) 1988-04-21
DE3782133D1 (en) 1992-11-12
ATE81306T1 (en) 1992-10-15

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