EP0263338A2 - Pyrolysis plant - Google Patents

Pyrolysis plant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0263338A2
EP0263338A2 EP87113624A EP87113624A EP0263338A2 EP 0263338 A2 EP0263338 A2 EP 0263338A2 EP 87113624 A EP87113624 A EP 87113624A EP 87113624 A EP87113624 A EP 87113624A EP 0263338 A2 EP0263338 A2 EP 0263338A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carbonization
gas
drum
pyrolysis plant
plant according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87113624A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0263338A3 (en
EP0263338B1 (en
Inventor
Horst Jelinek
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Kraftwerk Union-Umwelttechnik GmbH
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Kraftwerk Union-Umwelttechnik GmbH
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Priority to AT87113624T priority Critical patent/ATE72825T1/en
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Publication of EP0263338A3 publication Critical patent/EP0263338A3/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B49/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated
    • C10B49/02—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge
    • C10B49/04—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials by direct heating with heat-carrying agents including the partial combustion of the solid material to be treated with hot gases or vapours, e.g. hot gases obtained by partial combustion of the charge while moving the solid material to be treated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B1/00—Retorts
    • C10B1/10—Rotary retorts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S48/00—Gas: heating and illuminating
    • Y10S48/01—Recirculation of gases produced to lower part of fuel bed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pyrolysis plant for waste and waste recycling with a heated carbonization drum, with a carbonization device on one face of the carbonization drum and a residue discharge device on the other face of the carbonization drum, with a carbonization gas outlet and with a gas converter connected to the carbonization gas outlet for converting the Smoldering gas in cracked gas.
  • the smoldering material - generally comminuted waste and waste materials - is allowed to smolder in a slowly rotating, heated smoldering drum at 400-500 ° C.
  • the resulting carbonization gas is drawn off, dedusted and converted into industrially usable cracked gas in a so-called gas converter.
  • the smoldering drum which is generally operated with a low negative pressure and rotates slowly, must be sealed on its two open end faces with ring seals with respect to the stationary smoldering material entry housing and residual material discharge housing.
  • additional ring seals are required to connect the carbonization line and to connect the heating pipe connections to the carbonization drum.
  • These ring seals which also have to absorb temperature-related axial changes in length of the smoldering drum, are subject to severe wear and tear under the given operating conditions, the relatively high temperatures, the dust and the exposure to the aggressive gases are exchanged in relatively short time intervals. The replacement of the ring seals is always associated with a shutdown of the system.
  • the heating pipes running inside the smoldering drum are also subject to noticeable wear and tear from solids carried with the smoldering material and must be replaced from time to time.
  • a special combustion chamber is to be provided in this previously known system for the production of the heating gases.
  • a smoldering drum which does not require sensitive heating pipes and which does not require a separate combustion chamber for the generation of the heating gases.
  • the exhaust gases from a power machine i.e. an internal combustion engine operated with the cracked gas used as heating gas.
  • the spiral blades which effect the axial propulsion of the carbonization material in the interior of the carbonization drum are designed as hollow bodies and the exhaust gas flows through them. The maintenance intervals for this system are determined by the many ring seals required at both ends of the carbonization drum.
  • the invention has for its object to show a way how the effort for heating the char and the maintenance intervals and maintenance costs can be reduced.
  • the heat required for the carbonization is provided with the least possible effort and without combustion of cracked gas or feeding in of external heating energy.
  • the cracked gas fed to the carbonization drum can flow through the carbonization drum for direct heating of the carbonization material in countercurrent and can be drawn off with the carbonization gas.
  • the energy balance of the pyrolysis system is improved if, in an embodiment of the invention, the cracked gas fed to the smoldering drum is passed through a heat exchanger upstream of the smoldering drum on the cracked gas side. It can be cooled down to around 550 ° C. In this way, valuable high-temperature energy is released and at the same time overheating of the smoldering drum is prevented.
  • FIG. shows: the FIG a schematic representation of the pyrolysis plant according to the invention.
  • the smoldering drum is designated by 1 in the FIG. It is open at its two end faces and rotatable about its longitudinal axis 5 on roller bearings 2, 3, 4. An electric motor 6 is provided for driving it. Between the two roller bearings 2, 3, 4, the smoldering drum 1 is provided with thermal insulation 7, 8. On its left-hand end in the illustration of the FIG, a carbonization entry housing 9 can be seen, which is connected to the The end face of the smoldering drum 1 is slipped over and connected gas-tight to the smoldering drum with an annular seal 10.
  • This Schwelguteintraggephinuse 9 carries a Schwelguteintragvortechnisch 11 with a gas-tight lock 12 and a Schwelgasabzugstutzen 14.
  • a residue discharge housing 15 On the right side in the illustration of the FIG Smoldering drum 1, a residue discharge housing 15 is slipped, which has a residue discharge device 16 with a gas-tight lock 17 and one at its lower end Fitting gas connecting piece 19 carries. This residue discharge housing also closes gas-tight with the carbonization drum 1 via an annular seal 20. Below the residual material discharge device 16, a collecting basin 21 filled with water for the residual material and a screw conveyor 22 projecting into the collecting basin for the removal of the discharged residual material and transporting the same into a transport container 23 can be seen.
  • a carbonization gas line 24 connects to the carbonization gas discharge nozzle 14 of the carbonization entry housing, which leads to a cyclone 25 and from there via a gas compressor 26 to a gas converter 27.
  • This gas converter has a combustion chamber 28, to which the carbonization line 24 and a fresh air line 29 are connected.
  • the gas converter 27 has a coke filling device 31 which is sealed by means of a lock 30 and a smoldering coke discharge device 33 which is likewise sealed by means of a lock 32 and which opens into a water bath 34.
  • a further cracked gas line 36 branches off from the cracked gas line 35 leaving the gas converter 27, which is passed over a heat exchanger 37 and connected to the cracked gas connecting piece 19 of the residue discharge housing 15.
  • town gas is passed via the connecting piece 38 of the carbonization line 24 into the combustion chamber 28 of the gas converter 27 and is burned there under substoichiometric.
  • the hot partially burned city gas leaving the gas converter 27 passes via the heat exchanger 37 and the cracked gas connection piece into the residue discharge housing 15 of the smoldering drum and from there in countercurrent to the smoldering material into the smoldering drum 1 450 ° C to 500 ° C heated.
  • the released carbonization gas is sucked by the gas compressor 26 together with the town gas through the carbonization inlet housing 9 and the carbonization line 24 into the cyclone 25, dedusted there and then pressed further into the combustion chamber 28 of the gas converter 27.
  • the carbonization gas is burned with sub-stoichiometrically mixed air.
  • the air addition is regulated so that the flame temperature is about 1000 ° C to 1200 ° C.
  • the hydrocarbons are cracked at this temperature.
  • a cracked gas is formed which essentially contains carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen. This cracked gas is free of pollutants and can be fed to an industrial consumer and burned there without hesitation.
  • a portion of the cracked gas is returned to the smoldering drum 1 via the cracked gas line 36 and the heat exchanger 37.
  • the temperature of the about 1200 ° C hot cracked gas is cooled down to about 550 ° C before it is introduced into the smoldering drum 1. In this way, overheating of the smoldering drum is avoided and 37 process steam is generated in the heat exchanger.
  • unburned cracked gas as the heating medium saves burners and fuel costs for the generation of heating gas.
  • the direct introduction of the cracked gas into the interior of the carbonization drum saves on ring seals that require maintenance. In the system according to the invention, only one ring seal each is required on the carbonization entry housing and residue discharge housing.
  • the direct transfer of the cracked gas into the smoldering drum 1 optimizes the heat transfer from the cracked gas used as a heat transport medium to the smoldering material. The amount of heat required for this is further reduced by the thermal insulation 7,8 of the carbonization drum 1.
  • the gas quantities and thus also the deposition conditions for the cyclone 25 installed in the carbonization gas line 24 are improved.
  • the heat released in the heat exchanger 37 is high-temperature heat and can be used for process steam generation and for internal heating purposes.

Abstract

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Pyrolyseanlage zur Müll- und Abfallverwertung mit einer beheizten Schweltrommel (1), einer Schwelguteintragsvorrichtung (11), einer Reststoffaustragsvorrichtung (16), einem Schwelgasabzugsstutzen (14) und einem an dem Schwelgasabzugsstutzen angeschlossenen Gaswandler (27) zur Umwandlung des Schwelgases in Spaltgas. Bei solchen Anlagen besteht das Problem, die Wärmeenergie, die für die Aufheizung des Schwelgutes benötigt wird, in möglichst ökonomischer Weise bereitzustellen. Hierzu sieht die Erfindung vor, daß der Schweltrommel ein Teil des dem Gaswandler entströmenden Spaltgases als Wärmeträger zugeleitet wird. Des weiteren kann das der Schweltrommel zugeleitete Spaltgas die Schweltrommel zur direkten Aufheizung im Gegenstrom zum Schwelgut durchströmen und zusammen mit dem Schwelgas abgezogen werden. Eine erfindungsgemäße Anlage ist insbesondere für den Einsatz bei der Müll- und Abfallverwertung geeignet.The invention relates to a pyrolysis plant for waste and waste recycling with a heated carbonization drum (1), a carbonization device (11), a residue discharge device (16), a carbonization gas outlet (14) and a gas converter (27) connected to the carbonization tube for converting the Smoldering gas in cracked gas. In such systems, there is the problem of providing the thermal energy that is required for heating the carbonized material in the most economical manner possible. For this purpose, the invention provides that a part of the cracked gas flowing out of the gas converter is fed to the smoldering drum as a heat carrier. Furthermore, the cracked gas fed to the carbonization drum can flow through the carbonization drum for direct heating in countercurrent to the carbonization material and can be drawn off together with the carbonization gas. A plant according to the invention is particularly suitable for use in waste and waste recycling.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Pyrolyseanlage zur Müll- ­und Abfallverwertung mit einer beheizten Schweltrommel, mit einer Schwelguteintragsvorrichtung an der einen Stirnseite der Schweltrommel und einer Reststoffaustragsvorrichtung an der anderen Stirnseite der Schweltrommel, mit einem Schwel­gasabzug und mit einem an den Schwelgasabzug angeschlossenen Gaswandler zur Umwandlung des Schwelgases in Spaltgas.The invention relates to a pyrolysis plant for waste and waste recycling with a heated carbonization drum, with a carbonization device on one face of the carbonization drum and a residue discharge device on the other face of the carbonization drum, with a carbonization gas outlet and with a gas converter connected to the carbonization gas outlet for converting the Smoldering gas in cracked gas.

Bei bekannten Pyrolyseanlagen läßt man das Schwelgut - im allgemeinen zerkleinerte Müll- und Abfallstoffe - in einer sich langsam drehenden, beheizten Schweltrommel bei 400 - 500 °C verschwelen. Das dabei entstehende Schwelgas wird abgezogen, entstaubt und in einem sogenannten Gaswandler in industriell verwertbares Spaltgas umgewandelt. Dabei ist es durch die DE-OS 34 12 583 auch bekannt, die Schweltrommel zur Aufhei­zung des eingetragenen Schwelgutes in ihrem Inneren mit Heiz­rohren zu versehen, die von einem seperat erzeugten Heizgas durchströmt werden. Es ist eine Eigenart einer solcher Pyro­lyseanlage, daß die im allgemeinen mit einem geringen Unter­druck betriebene und sich langsam drehende Schweltrommel an ihren beiden offenen Stirnseiten mit Ringdichtungen gegenüber dem stationären Schwelguteintragsgehäuse und Reststoffaus­tragsgehäuse abgedichtet sein muß. Darüber hinaus werden weitere Ringdichtungen benötigt, um die Schwelgasleitung an­zuschließen und um die Heizrohranschlüsse an die Schweltrommel anzukuppeln. Diese Ringdichtungen, die auch temperaturbeding­te axiale Längenänderungen der Schweltrommel aufnehmen müssen, unterliegen bei den gegebenen Betriebsbedingungen, den rela­tiv hohen Temperaturen, der Staubbelastung und der Belastung durch die aggressiven Gase einem starken Verschleiß und müssen in verhältnismäßig kurzen Zeitintervallen ausgetauscht werden. Das Austauschen der Ringdichtungen ist jedesmal mit einem Stillstand der Anlage verbunden. Auch die im Innern der Schwel­trommel verlaufenden Heizrohre unterliegen einem merklichen Verschleiß durch mit dem Schwelgut mitgeführte Feststoffe und müssen von Zeit zu Zeit ausgetauscht werden. Außerdem ist bei dieser vorbekannten Anlage für die Erzeugung der Heizgase eine besondere Brennkammer vorzusehen.In known pyrolysis plants, the smoldering material - generally comminuted waste and waste materials - is allowed to smolder in a slowly rotating, heated smoldering drum at 400-500 ° C. The resulting carbonization gas is drawn off, dedusted and converted into industrially usable cracked gas in a so-called gas converter. It is also known from DE-OS 34 12 583 to provide the smoldering drum for heating the registered char in its interior with heating pipes through which a separately generated heating gas flows. It is a peculiarity of such a pyrolysis plant that the smoldering drum, which is generally operated with a low negative pressure and rotates slowly, must be sealed on its two open end faces with ring seals with respect to the stationary smoldering material entry housing and residual material discharge housing. In addition, additional ring seals are required to connect the carbonization line and to connect the heating pipe connections to the carbonization drum. These ring seals, which also have to absorb temperature-related axial changes in length of the smoldering drum, are subject to severe wear and tear under the given operating conditions, the relatively high temperatures, the dust and the exposure to the aggressive gases are exchanged in relatively short time intervals. The replacement of the ring seals is always associated with a shutdown of the system. The heating pipes running inside the smoldering drum are also subject to noticeable wear and tear from solids carried with the smoldering material and must be replaced from time to time. In addition, a special combustion chamber is to be provided in this previously known system for the production of the heating gases.

Durch die DE-PS 27 13 031 ist auch eine Schweltrommel be­kannt, die ohne anfällige Heizrohre auskommt und die keine separate Brennkammer für die Erzeugung der Heizgase benötigt. Dort werden die Abgase einer Nutzleistungsmaschine, d.h. ei­ner mit dem Spaltgas betriebenen Verbrennungskraftmaschine als Heizgas verwendet. Außerdem sind dort die den axialen Vor­trieb des Schwelgutes im Inneren der Schweltrommel bewirkenden spiralförmigen Schaufeln als Hohlkörper ausgebildet und wer­den von dem Abgas durchströmt. Die Wartungsintervalle werden bei dieser Anlage durch die vielen an den beiden Enden der Schweltrommel erforderlichen Ringdichtungen bestimmt.From DE-PS 27 13 031 a smoldering drum is also known, which does not require sensitive heating pipes and which does not require a separate combustion chamber for the generation of the heating gases. There the exhaust gases from a power machine, i.e. an internal combustion engine operated with the cracked gas used as heating gas. In addition, the spiral blades which effect the axial propulsion of the carbonization material in the interior of the carbonization drum are designed as hollow bodies and the exhaust gas flows through them. The maintenance intervals for this system are determined by the many ring seals required at both ends of the carbonization drum.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Weg zu weisen, wie der Aufwand für die Aufheizung des Schwelgutes und die Wartungsintervalle und Wartungskosten vermindert werden können.The invention has for its object to show a way how the effort for heating the char and the maintenance intervals and maintenance costs can be reduced.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind den Unteransprüchen 2 - 10 zu entnehmen.This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Further advantageous refinements of the invention can be found in subclaims 2-10.

Infolge der Verwendung eines Teiles des unverbrannten Spalt­gases für die Aufheizung des Schwelgutes in der Schweltrommel wird mit geringstmöglichem Aufwand und ohne Verbrennung von Spaltgas oder Einspeisung von externer Heizenergie die für die Verschwelung erforderliche Wärme bereitgestellt.As a result of the use of part of the unburned cracked gas for heating the carbonized material in the carbonized drum, the heat required for the carbonization is provided with the least possible effort and without combustion of cracked gas or feeding in of external heating energy.

In besonders zweckmäßiger Weiterbildung der Erfindung kann das der Schweltrommel zugeleitete Spaltgas die Schweltrommel zur direkten Aufheizung des Schwelgutes im Gegenstrom durch­strömen und mit dem Schwelgas abgezogen werden. Dies bringt nicht nur den Vorteil mit sich, daß sich die Wärmeverluste gegenüber einer indirekten Aufheizung verringern, sondern führt vor allem dazu, daß die Anzahl der Dichtungen an den beiden Stirnflächen der Schweltrommel auf je eine vermindert werden kann.In a particularly expedient development of the invention, the cracked gas fed to the carbonization drum can flow through the carbonization drum for direct heating of the carbonization material in countercurrent and can be drawn off with the carbonization gas. This not only has the advantage that the heat losses are reduced compared to indirect heating, but above all leads to the number of seals on the two end faces of the smoldering drum being reduced to one.

Die Energiebilanz der Pyrolyseanlage wird verbessert, wenn in Ausgestaltung der Erfindung das der Schweltrommel zugeleitete Spaltgas zur Temperaturabsenkung durch einen der Schweltrommel spaltgasseitig vorgeschalteten Wärmetauscher geleitet wird. Es kann dort auf etwa 550 °C abgekühlt werden. Auf diese Wei­se wird wertvolle Hochtemperaturenergie frei und wird zu­gleich ein Überheizen der Schweltrommel verhindert.The energy balance of the pyrolysis system is improved if, in an embodiment of the invention, the cracked gas fed to the smoldering drum is passed through a heat exchanger upstream of the smoldering drum on the cracked gas side. It can be cooled down to around 550 ° C. In this way, valuable high-temperature energy is released and at the same time overheating of the smoldering drum is prevented.

Weitere Einzelheiten der Erfindung werden anhand eines in der FIG dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles erläutert. Es zeigt:

die FIG eine schematische Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Pyrolyseanlage.Further details of the invention are explained with reference to an embodiment shown in the FIG. It shows:

the FIG a schematic representation of the pyrolysis plant according to the invention.

In der FIG ist die Schweltrommel mit 1 bezeichnet. Sie ist an ihren beiden Stirnseiten offen und auf Rollenlagern 2,3,4 um ihre Längsachse 5 drehbar. Zu ihrem Antrieb ist ein Elektro­motor 6 vorgesehen. Zwischen den beiden Rollenlagern 2,3,4 ist die Schweltrommel 1 mit einer Wärmedämmung 7,8 versehen. An ihrer in der Darstellung der FIG linken Stirnseite ist ein Schwelguteintragsgehäuse 9 zu erkennen, das über die Stirnseite der Schweltrommel 1 gestülpt ist und mit einer Ring­dichtung 10 gasdicht an der Schweltrommel anschließt. Dieses Schwelguteintragsgehäuse 9 trägt eine Schwelguteintragsvor­richtung 11 mit einer gasdichten Schleuse 12 und einen Schwel­gasabzugsstutzen 14. Über die in der Darstellung der FIG rech­te Stirnseite der Schweltrommel 1 ist ein Reststoffaustrags­gehäuse 15 gestülpt, welches an seinem unteren Ende eine Reststoffaustragsvorrichtung 16 mit einer gasdichten Schleuse 17 und einen Spaltgasanschlußstutzen 19 trägt. Auch dieses Reststoffaustragsgehäuse schließt über eine Ringdichtung 20 gasdicht mit der Schweltrommel 1 ab. Unterhalb der Reststoff-­austragsvorrichtung 16 ist ein mit Wasser gefülltes Auffang­becken 21 für den Reststoff und eine in das Auffangbecken hineinragende Transportschnecke 22 für die Entnahme des aus­getragenen Reststoffes und Beförderung desselben in einen Transportbehälter 23 zu erkennen.The smoldering drum is designated by 1 in the FIG. It is open at its two end faces and rotatable about its longitudinal axis 5 on roller bearings 2, 3, 4. An electric motor 6 is provided for driving it. Between the two roller bearings 2, 3, 4, the smoldering drum 1 is provided with thermal insulation 7, 8. On its left-hand end in the illustration of the FIG, a carbonization entry housing 9 can be seen, which is connected to the The end face of the smoldering drum 1 is slipped over and connected gas-tight to the smoldering drum with an annular seal 10. This Schwelguteintraggehäuse 9 carries a Schwelguteintragvorrichtung 11 with a gas-tight lock 12 and a Schwelgasabzugstutzen 14. On the right side in the illustration of the FIG Smoldering drum 1, a residue discharge housing 15 is slipped, which has a residue discharge device 16 with a gas-tight lock 17 and one at its lower end Fitting gas connecting piece 19 carries. This residue discharge housing also closes gas-tight with the carbonization drum 1 via an annular seal 20. Below the residual material discharge device 16, a collecting basin 21 filled with water for the residual material and a screw conveyor 22 projecting into the collecting basin for the removal of the discharged residual material and transporting the same into a transport container 23 can be seen.

An den Schwelgasabzugsstutzen 14 des Schwelguteintragsgehäuses schließt eine Schwelgasleitung 24 an, die zu einem Zyklon 25 und von diesem über einen Gasverdichter 26 zu einem Gaswand­ler 27 führt. Dieser Gaswandler besitzt eine Brennkammer 28, an der die Schwelgasleitung 24 und eine Frischluftleitung 29 angeschlossen sind. Außerdem besitzt der Gaswandler 27 eine mittels einer Schleuse 30 abgedichtete Kokseinfüllvorrichtung 31 sowie eine ebenfalls mittels einer Schleuse 32 abgedichte­te Schwelkoksaustragsvorrichtung 33, die in ein Wasserbad 34 mündet. Von der den Gaswandler 27 verlassenden Spaltgaslei­tung 35 zweigt eine weitere Spaltgasleitung 36 ab, welche über einen Wärmetauscher 37 geführt und an den Spaltgasan­schlußstutzen 19 des Reststoffaustragsgehäuses 15 angeschlos­sen ist. In der vom Zyklon 25 zum Gasverdichter 26 und zur Brennkammer 28 des Gaswandlers 27 führenden Schwelgasleitung 24 befindet sich ein Anschlußstutzen 38 für ein extern be­zogenes Brenngas, im vorliegenden Fall von Stadtgas.A carbonization gas line 24 connects to the carbonization gas discharge nozzle 14 of the carbonization entry housing, which leads to a cyclone 25 and from there via a gas compressor 26 to a gas converter 27. This gas converter has a combustion chamber 28, to which the carbonization line 24 and a fresh air line 29 are connected. In addition, the gas converter 27 has a coke filling device 31 which is sealed by means of a lock 30 and a smoldering coke discharge device 33 which is likewise sealed by means of a lock 32 and which opens into a water bath 34. A further cracked gas line 36 branches off from the cracked gas line 35 leaving the gas converter 27, which is passed over a heat exchanger 37 and connected to the cracked gas connecting piece 19 of the residue discharge housing 15. In the carbonization line 24 leading from the cyclone 25 to the gas compressor 26 and to the combustion chamber 28 of the gas converter 27 there is a connecting piece 38 for an externally sourced fuel gas, in the present case city gas.

Bei der Inbetriebnahme der Pyrolyseanlage wird über den An­schlußstutzen 38 der Schwelgasleitung 24 Stadtgas in die Brennkammer 28 des Gaswandlers 27 geleitet und dort unterstö­chiometrisch verbrannt. Das heiße teilverbrannte, den Gaswand­ler 27 verlassende Stadtgas gelangt über den Wärmetauscher 37 und den Spaltgasanschlußstutzen in das Reststoffaustragsge­häuse 15 der Schweltrommel und von dort im Gegenstrom zum Schwelgut in die Schweltrommel 1. Dabei wird das in der Schwel­trommel 1 dauernd umgewendete Schwelgut auf die Schweltempe­ratur von ca. 450 °C bis 500 °C aufgeheizt. Das dabei frei­werdende Schwelgas wird vom Gasverdichter 26 zusammen mit dem Stadtgas über das Schwelguteintragsgehäuse 9 und die Schwel­gasleitung 24 in den Zyklon 25 gesaugt, dort entstaubt und dann weiter in die Brennkammer 28 des Gaswandlers 27 gedrückt. In der Brennkammer des Gaswandler wird das Schwelgas mit unterstöchiometrisch zugemischter Luft verbrannt. Dabei wird die Luftzugabe so geregelt, daß die Flammentemperatur etwa 1000 °C bis 1200 °C beträgt. Bei dieser Temperatur werden die Kohlenwasserstoffe gecrackt. In Verbindung mit der anschließen­den Wassergasreaktion im Koksbett des Gaswandlers 27 entsteht ein Spaltgas, das im wesentlichen Kohlenmonoxid, Kohlendioxid, Methan und Wasserstoff enthält. Dieses Spaltgas ist schadstoff­frei und kann einem industriellen Verbraucher zugeleitet und dort bedenkenlos verbrannt werden.When the pyrolysis system is started up, town gas is passed via the connecting piece 38 of the carbonization line 24 into the combustion chamber 28 of the gas converter 27 and is burned there under substoichiometric. The hot partially burned city gas leaving the gas converter 27 passes via the heat exchanger 37 and the cracked gas connection piece into the residue discharge housing 15 of the smoldering drum and from there in countercurrent to the smoldering material into the smoldering drum 1 450 ° C to 500 ° C heated. The released carbonization gas is sucked by the gas compressor 26 together with the town gas through the carbonization inlet housing 9 and the carbonization line 24 into the cyclone 25, dedusted there and then pressed further into the combustion chamber 28 of the gas converter 27. In the combustion chamber of the gas converter, the carbonization gas is burned with sub-stoichiometrically mixed air. The air addition is regulated so that the flame temperature is about 1000 ° C to 1200 ° C. The hydrocarbons are cracked at this temperature. In connection with the subsequent water gas reaction in the coke bed of the gas converter 27, a cracked gas is formed which essentially contains carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen. This cracked gas is free of pollutants and can be fed to an industrial consumer and burned there without hesitation.

Ein Teil des Spaltgases wird über die Spaltgasleitung 36 und den Wärmetauscher 37 wieder in die Schweltrommel 1 zurückge­führt. In dem Wärmetauscher 37 wird die Temperatur des ca. 1200 °C heißen Spaltgases auf ca. 550 °C heruntergekühlt, be­vor es in die Schweltrommel 1 eingeleitet wird. Hierdurch wird eine Überhitzung der Schweltrommel vermieden und wird im Wärmetauscher 37 Prozeßdampf erzeugt.A portion of the cracked gas is returned to the smoldering drum 1 via the cracked gas line 36 and the heat exchanger 37. In the heat exchanger 37, the temperature of the about 1200 ° C hot cracked gas is cooled down to about 550 ° C before it is introduced into the smoldering drum 1. In this way, overheating of the smoldering drum is avoided and 37 process steam is generated in the heat exchanger.

Während des Betriebes der Schweltrommel werden in kurzen In­tervallen abgepaßte Mengen an Schwelgut über die Schleuse 12 an der Schwelguteintragsvorrichtung 11 durch das Schwelgut­ eintragsgehäuse 9 hindurch über ein Schwelguteintragsrohr 13 in das Innere der Schweltrommel geleitet. Während der Drehung der Schweltrommel wird das Schwelgut kontinuierlich umgewälzt und dabei von dem heißen Spaltgas erhitzt. Über im Innern der Schweltrommel angeordnete, der Übersichtlichkeit halber hier nicht dargestellte, spiralförmige Schaufeln, wird es konti­nuierlich in der Darstellung der FIG nach rechts befördert und verwandelt sich allmählich in den sogenannten Schwelgut-­reststoff. Schließlich wird dieser von den Schaufeln im Innern der Schweltrommel in das Reststoffaustragsgehäuse 15 befördert. Dort wird es diskontinuierlich über die Schleuse 17 der Rest­stoffaustragsvorrichtung 16 in das wassergefüllte Auffangbecken 21 befördert. In diesem Auffangbecken kühlt der Reststoff ab. Sodann wird er über die Transportschnecke 22 in den bereitge­stellten Transportbehälter 23 befördert.During the operation of the carbonization drum, adjusted amounts of carbonization material are passed through the lock 12 on the carbonization material input device 11 by the carbonization material at short intervals Entry housing 9 passed through a carbonization tube 13 into the interior of the carbonization drum. As the smoldering drum rotates, the smoldering material is continuously circulated and heated by the hot fission gas. It is continuously conveyed to the right in the illustration of the FIG via spiral blades arranged in the interior of the carbonization drum, which are not shown here for the sake of clarity, and gradually changes into the so-called carbonization residue. Finally, this is conveyed into the residue discharge housing 15 by the blades inside the carbonization drum. There it is conveyed discontinuously via the lock 17 of the residue discharge device 16 into the water-filled catch basin 21. The residue cools down in this catch basin. It is then transported via the screw conveyor 22 into the provided transport container 23.

Infolge der Verwendung von unverbranntem Spaltgas als Heiz­medium werden Brenner und Brennstoffkosten für die Erzeugung von Heizgas eingespart. Darüber hinaus werden durch die direk­te Einleitung des Spaltgases in das Innere der Schweltrommel wartungsträchtige Ringdichtungen eingespart. Bei der erfin­dungsgemäßen Anlage wird nur noch je eine Ringdichtung am Schwel­guteintragsgehäuse und Reststoffaustragsgehäuse benötigt. Darüber hinaus wird durch die direkte Einleitung des Spaltga­ses in die Schweltrommel 1 die Wärmeübertragung von dem als Wärmetransportmittel verwendeten Spaltgas zu dem Schwelgut optimiert. Die hierfür benötigte Wärmemenge wird durch die Wärmedämmung 7,8 der Schweltrommel 1 noch weiter verringert. Infolge der Zumischung des für die Aufheizung des Schwelgutes in die Schweltrommel 1 eingeleiteten Spaltgases zu dem in der Schweltrommel erzeugten Schwelgas werden die Gasmengen und somit auch die Abscheidungsbedingungen für den in der Schwel­gasleitung 24 eingebauten Zyklon 25 verbessert. Die in dem Wärmetauscher 37 freiwerdende Wärme ist Hochtemperaturwärme und kann zur Prozeßdampferzeugung sowie für innerbetrieblichen Heizzwecken herangezogen werden.The use of unburned cracked gas as the heating medium saves burners and fuel costs for the generation of heating gas. In addition, the direct introduction of the cracked gas into the interior of the carbonization drum saves on ring seals that require maintenance. In the system according to the invention, only one ring seal each is required on the carbonization entry housing and residue discharge housing. In addition, the direct transfer of the cracked gas into the smoldering drum 1 optimizes the heat transfer from the cracked gas used as a heat transport medium to the smoldering material. The amount of heat required for this is further reduced by the thermal insulation 7,8 of the carbonization drum 1. As a result of the admixture of the cracked gas introduced into the carbonization drum 1 for heating the carbonization material to the carbonization gas generated in the carbonization drum, the gas quantities and thus also the deposition conditions for the cyclone 25 installed in the carbonization gas line 24 are improved. The heat released in the heat exchanger 37 is high-temperature heat and can be used for process steam generation and for internal heating purposes.

Es ist auch möglich, das Spaltgas statt über einen Wärme­tauscher 37 durch Eindüsung von Wasser bzw. von Niedertempe­raturdampf abzukühlen. Eine hierzu erforderliche Eindüsvor­richtung 39 wäre dann anstelle oder zusätzlich zum Wärmetau­scher 37 in die zur Schweltrommel 1 führende Spaltgasleitung 36 einzubauen. Durch die Eindüsung von Wasser oder Nieder­temperaturdampf wird nicht nur das Spaltgas abgekühlt, viel­mehr wird infolge des dem Schwelgas zusätzlich begemischten Wasserdampfes im Gaswandler über die Wassergasreaktion mit dem glühenden Koks der Wasserstoffanteil des Spaltgases und damit auch dessen Heizwert erhöht.It is also possible to cool the cracked gas instead of via a heat exchanger 37 by injecting water or low-temperature steam. A necessary injection device 39 would then be installed instead of or in addition to the heat exchanger 37 in the fission gas line 36 leading to the carbonization drum 1. The injection of water or low-temperature steam not only cools the cracked gas, but also increases the hydrogen content of the cracked gas and thus its calorific value as a result of the water vapor additionally mixed with the carbonization gas in the gas converter via the water gas reaction with the red-hot coke.

Claims (10)

1. Pyrolyseanlage zur Müll- und Abfallverwertung mit einer beheizten Schweltrommel, mit einer Schwelguteintragsvorrich­tung an der einen Stirnseite der Schweltrommel und einer Reststoffaustragsvorrichtung an der anderen Stirnseite der Schweltrommel mit einem Schwelgasabzug und mit einem an dem Schwelgasabzug angeschlossen Gaswandler zur Umwandlung des Schwelgases in Spaltgas,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Schweltrommel (1) ein Teil des dem Gaswandler (27) ent­strömenden Spaltgases als Wärmeträger zugeleitet wird.1. pyrolysis plant for waste and waste recycling with a heated carbonization drum, with a carbonization device on one face of the carbonization drum and a residue discharge device on the other face of the carbonization drum with a carbonization gas discharge and with a gas converter connected to the carbonization gas extraction to convert the carbonization gas into cracked gas,
characterized by
that part of the fission gas flowing out of the gas converter (27) is fed to the smoldering drum (1) as a heat carrier. 2. Pyrolyseanlage nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das der Schweltrommel (1) zugeleitete Spaltgas die Schwel­trommel (1) zur direkten Aufheizung des Schwelgutes im Gegen­strom zum Schwelgut durchströmt und zusammen mit dem Schwelgas abgezogen wird.2. pyrolysis plant according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the fission gas fed to the carbonization drum (1) flows through the carbonization drum (1) for direct heating of the carbonization material in countercurrent to the carbonization material and is drawn off together with the carbonization gas. 3. Pyrolyseanlage nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das der Schweltrommel (1) zugeleitete Spaltgas zur Tempera­turabsenkung durch einen der Schweltrommel spaltgasseitig vorge­schalteten Wärmetauscher (37) geleitet wird.3. pyrolysis plant according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the cracked gas fed to the smoldering drum (1) is passed through a heat exchanger (37) upstream of the smoldering drum on the cracked gas side to lower the temperature. 4. Pyrolyseanlage nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß zur Temperaturabsenkung des der Schweltrommel (1) zu­strömenden Spaltgases Wasser eingedüst wird.4. pyrolysis plant according to claim 1,
characterized by
that water is injected in order to lower the temperature of the fission gas flowing into the carbonization drum (1). 5. Pyrolyseanlage nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß ein Staubabscheider (25) in der von der Schweltrommel (1) zum Gaswandler (27) führenden Schwelgasleitung (24) eingebaut ist.5. pyrolysis plant according to claim 1,
characterized by
that a dust separator (25) is installed in the carbonization line (24) leading from the carbonization drum (1) to the gas converter (27). 6. Pyrolyseanlage nach Anspruch 5,
gekennzeichnet durch ein Zyklon (25).6. pyrolysis plant according to claim 5,
characterized by a cyclone (25). 7. Pyrolyseanlage nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das der Schweltrommel zugeleitete Spaltgas zur indirekten Aufheizung der Schweltrommel durch mit der Schweltrommel ver­bundene hohle Leitungen geleitet wird.7. pyrolysis plant according to claim 1,
characterized by
that the fission gas fed to the carbonization drum is passed through the hollow lines connected to the carbonization drum for indirect heating of the carbonization drum. 8. Pyrolyseanlage nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die hohlen Leitungen durch Aufschweißen von Halbrundpro­filen auf der Außenwand der Schweltrommel gebildet sind.8. pyrolysis plant according to claim 7,
characterized by
that the hollow lines are formed by welding semicircular profiles on the outer wall of the carbonization drum. 9. Pyrolyseanlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 7,
gekennzeichnet durch eine die Schweltrommel (1) im Umfangsbereich umhüllende Wärmedämmung (7,8).9. pyrolysis plant according to claim 1 or 7,
characterized by thermal insulation (7, 8) enveloping the smoldering drum (1) in the peripheral region. 10. Pyrolyseanlage nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß zur Inbetriebsetzung der Anlage anderweitig bezogenes Brenngas (38) in die Schwelgasleitung (24) einspeisbar ist.10. pyrolysis plant according to claim 1,
characterized by
that fuel gas (38) obtained elsewhere can be fed into the carbonization line (24) for starting up the system.
EP87113624A 1986-09-30 1987-09-17 Pyrolysis plant Expired - Lifetime EP0263338B1 (en)

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AT87113624T ATE72825T1 (en) 1986-09-30 1987-09-17 PYROLYSIS PLANT.

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DE19863633212 DE3633212A1 (en) 1986-09-30 1986-09-30 PYROLYSIS SYSTEM
DE3633212 1986-09-30

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US4840129A (en) 1989-06-20
EP0263338A3 (en) 1988-10-05
ES2028840T3 (en) 1992-07-16
EP0263338B1 (en) 1992-02-26
ATE72825T1 (en) 1992-03-15
DE3633212A1 (en) 1988-04-14

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