EP0260172A2 - Method and apparatus to retain piles of fabric before cutting - Google Patents

Method and apparatus to retain piles of fabric before cutting Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0260172A2
EP0260172A2 EP87401841A EP87401841A EP0260172A2 EP 0260172 A2 EP0260172 A2 EP 0260172A2 EP 87401841 A EP87401841 A EP 87401841A EP 87401841 A EP87401841 A EP 87401841A EP 0260172 A2 EP0260172 A2 EP 0260172A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
needles
needle
mattress
shelf
cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87401841A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0260172A3 (en
EP0260172B1 (en
Inventor
Marc Vandermarliere
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Institut Textile de France
Original Assignee
Institut Textile de France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Institut Textile de France filed Critical Institut Textile de France
Publication of EP0260172A2 publication Critical patent/EP0260172A2/en
Publication of EP0260172A3 publication Critical patent/EP0260172A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0260172B1 publication Critical patent/EP0260172B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41H—APPLIANCES OR METHODS FOR MAKING CLOTHES, e.g. FOR DRESS-MAKING OR FOR TAILORING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • A41H15/00—Cloth-holders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/01—Means for holding or positioning work
    • B26D7/018—Holding the work by suction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S83/00—Cutting
    • Y10S83/929—Particular nature of work or product
    • Y10S83/936—Cloth or leather
    • Y10S83/939—Cloth or leather with work support
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/04—Processes
    • Y10T83/0405—With preparatory or simultaneous ancillary treatment of work
    • Y10T83/0443—By fluid application
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/04—Processes
    • Y10T83/0481—Puncturing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/263—With means to apply transient nonpropellant fluent material to tool or work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/748—With work immobilizer

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the preparation, with a view to their cutting, of mattresses of knitted textile panels, intended for making garments such as pullovers, dresses or similar articles.
  • the needle table is commonly used for the preparation of the constituent elements of a mesh article, for their assembly.
  • the knitted panels are stretched and stacked on the needles, placed around the edge of the panel and at the remarkable points of the pattern. This positioning on needles makes it possible to put the panels under extension, and to maintain them in this state during cutting. In this way, each element of the article is cut from a knitted fabric whose mesh density is as homogeneous as possible.
  • the use of the needle table is not entirely satisfactory. Indeed, when cutting the mattress with an electric chisel, it is necessary to remove needles from the mattress as the chisel progresses through the mattress; this shrinkage causes deformation of the knitted fabric, in particular at the ribbing which tends to tighten sharply as soon as the needles are eliminated; a shift between the different layers of the mattress can also occur, in particular at the edge of the mattress when the cut is made at the edge: the scissor tends to drive out when there is five to ten millimeters of margin between the cutting line and the edge and the cut obtained is not regular.
  • the knitting is generally placed on the needles under low extension, or even in the free state, although this is to the detriment of the quality of the preparation.
  • the knitted panels are placed under extension on the needles of a needle table, the mattress consists of a sheet of air-impermeable material, a vacuum is created at the inside the mattress by suction of the air contained between the tablet and the sheet, the needles are removed from the mattress and the cutting is carried out while maintaining the suction throughout the duration of the cutting.
  • the depression created inside the mattress blocks the knitted panels in the extended state in which they were placed during the constitution of the mattress for the duration of the cut.
  • Vacuuming is also well known for cutting mattresses of woven articles, which do not require extrusion of the corresponding panels.
  • the needle technique for knitted panels and the vacuum technique for woven panels. It is the merit of the invention to combine these two techniques after it has been verified that the vacuum is sufficient to keep all the panels of the mattress in the extended state without removing the knitted fabric after releasing the needles.
  • the needle technique is used for the preparation of the mattress, under extension; the vacuum technique for blocking the mattress.
  • the combination of the two techniques according to the invention leads to a result which has not been obtained until now: the cutting of a mattress of knitted panels under extension free of needles.
  • the needle table according to the invention comprises in known manner a vertically movable support on which the needles are fixed and a tablet perforated with holes in which the needles can slide.
  • a tablet perforated with holes in which the needles can slide typically, it comprises, under the lower surface of the tablet, a sealed box in which are placed the movable support and suction means capable of creating a vacuum in the box and through the holes formed in the tablet.
  • the needles are removable and maintained during their withdrawal from the mattress by temporary locking means.
  • This particular arrangement has the advantage of being able to modify the number and the position of the needles when changing a mattress for example by removing certain needles, playing freely in the holes of the tablet, while allowing the withdrawal of the needles, then blocked. , by vertical displacement of the mobile support.
  • the temporary blocking means of a needle comprise, placed under the corresponding hole formed in the tablet: .
  • a U-shaped profile fixed on the upper face of the movable support so that the position of the external generator of the hole corresponds to the internal side of the profile .
  • a flexible tube with extensible wall placed in the bottom of the profile, connected to a source of compressed air.
  • the needle threaded into the hole, is received between the inner flank of the profile and the flexible tube. Temporary blockage of the needle is obtained by trapping the needle between said side of the profile and the wall of the inflated tube under the action of compressed air.
  • the flexible tube in line with the needle, is protected by a strip of a material having good resistance to friction, this in order to avoid deterioration of the wall of the tube during repeated introductions and withdrawals of the needle between the profile and the tube.
  • Mechanical locking means of a needle will include, for example, placed under the corresponding hole formed in the tablet: . a bar, fixed on the upper face of the mobile support, and a cylinder, integral with the mobile support by the bearings maintaining its eccentric axis, said bar and said cylinder being parallel and on either side of the external generatrix of the hole; . a lever, mounted at the end of the cylinder axis, and connected to a rod actuated by a jack, so that, during the actuation of the jack, the rod driving the lever turns the cylinder axis and, this axis being eccentric, the cylinder pivots and applies the needle against the bar.
  • the panel 1 is stretched and fixed on the shelf 3 of the needle table 4 by means of the needles 5 placed on the periphery of the panel 1 and at the remarkable points of the pattern.
  • Several panels are placed one on the other and constitute a mattress 6.
  • the needle table 4 comprises the shelf 3, the mobile support 7 and the suction box 8.
  • the shelf 3 is perforated with holes 9 regularly spaced according to the grid which is illustrated in FIG. 4. The interval between each hole is of the order of 2 centimeters.
  • Each hole 9 has a diameter sufficient to allow the free sliding of a needle 5.
  • the movable support 7 comprises a plate 10 on which are fixed the U-shaped sections 11 intended for blocking the needles 5, and the means ensuring the vertical movement of the plate 10.
  • These means consist of an endless screw 12 secured to the frame 13 of the table 4, and driven in rotation by the motor 14.
  • Two nuts 15 blocked by caps 16 are mounted at the ends of the screw 12; they are fixed to the lower end of the arm 17 articulated around the axis 18.
  • the upper end of this arm 17 carries a roller 19 rolling in the slide 20.
  • the plate 10 is guided transversely and longitudinally in the frame 13 by the casters 21.
  • the profiles 11 are fixed on the plate 10 so that the external generator 9 ⁇ of a hole 9 corresponds to the internal flank 11 ⁇ of a profile 11. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the same profile is placed under two adjacent holes, this which allows the locking of two needles simultaneously.
  • the flexible tube 22 is placed inside the profile 11. One end of this tube 22 is closed while the other is connected to a supply of compressed air.
  • the wall 23 of the tube 22 is extensible.
  • a protective strip 24, folded in the shape of a U in the lengthwise direction, is pinched between the tube 22 and the profile 11.
  • This strip 24 is an element of a flat belt.
  • a strap 25 is stretched transversely above the profiles 11, at the rate of a strap every twenty centimeters, by means of hooks fixed on the plate 10 between each profile. The ends of each strap 25 are pinched under the end profiles.
  • the width of the strap 25 is such that it can pass between two lines of needles.
  • the suction box 8 consists of walls laterally closing the four sides of the frame 13, the bottom 26 and the shelf 3, all forming a sealed box in which are locked the movable support 4 and the needle locking means.
  • the operation of the table 4 for the preparation of the mattress for cutting is carried out as follows.
  • the movable plate 10 being in the high position, needles 5 in a determined number are placed in the holes 9 of the shelf 3 according to the appropriate arrangement as a function of the size of the panels and the conformation of the pattern.
  • Each needle 5 is introduced into the housing between the section 11 and the outer wall of the ruba 24 which protects the tube 22.
  • the compressed air is sent into all the tubes 22, which increases the diameter of said tube (fig. 5b and 5c) which clamps the needle 5 against the inner flank 11 ⁇ of the profile. All the needles 5 are thus blocked simultaneously.
  • the role of the strip 24 and the strap 25 is to hold the tube 22 in the profile 11 and to prevent it from deforming and being damaged by the passage of the needles 5.
  • the motor 14 is started so that the nuts 15 move on the worm 12 towards the edges of the frame 13, driving nant down the lever 17 which, associated with the movement of the roller 19 in the slide 20, lowers the plate 10.
  • the engine is stopped while the needles 5 protrude two to three centimeters above the shelf 3
  • the operator can then start the quilting, by fixing under extension in accordance with FIG. 2 each panel 1 on the needles 5.
  • the tray is raised 10 by a new rotation of the motor 14 in the opposite direction.
  • the mattress 6 When the mattress 6 is finished, it is covered with a plastic wire 28, impermeable to air, so that it overflows beyond and on each side of the mattress 6.
  • the turbine 27 is started up. aspiration.
  • the depression created in the sealed box 8 propagates through the holes 9 in the enclosure formed by the space between the film 28 and the tablet 3. This depression presses the film 28 onto the mattress 6 and compresses the latter.
  • the motor 14 is activated in the opposite direction, which lowers the plate 10 and, the needles 5 being blocked between the profiles 11 and the tube 22, which retracts the needles 5.
  • the cutting can then begin, the turbine 27 being kept in operation for the duration of the cut.
  • the mattress is compressed and held in extension under the effect of the suction, and can be cut in the absence of needles.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a blocking system by purely mechanical means.
  • a bar 29 and a cylinder 30 are fixed on the plate 10 parallel to and on either side of each line of needles.
  • the bar is fixed to the upper face of the plate 10 and the cylinder 30 is secured to the plate 10 by two bearings holding the ends of its axis 31 of rotation, this axis 31 being eccentric.
  • a lever 32 At the end of the axis 31 is mounted a lever 32 which is itself connected to a rod 33.
  • This rod 33 is unique for all the cylinders; it is actuated by a jack 34.
  • the operation is as follows.
  • the bar 29 and the corresponding cylinder 30 are spaced apart from each other leaving between them a space intended to receive the lower part of the needle 5.
  • the jack is actuated, the rod 33 moves in the direction of arrow F, the lever 32 rotates the axis 31 on itself, which causes the cylinder 30 to pivot, which, the axis 31 being eccentric, presses against the needle, wedged between the cylinder 30 and the bar 29.
  • the depression implemented by the turbine was 300 mm of water at a flow rate of 300 m3 / h.
  • the tablet has 5151 perforations of 2 mm in diameter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne la préparation à la coupe de matelas de panneaux tricotés. Elle consiste à placer sous extension les panneaux tricotés sur les aiguilles d'une table (4) à aiguilles, à recouvrir le matelas (6) ainsi constitué d'une feuille (28) d'un matériau imperméable à l' air, à créer une dépression à l'intérieur du matelas (6) par aspiration de l'air contenu entre la tablette (3) et la feuille (28), à retirer les aiguilles du matelas et à procéder à la coupe tout en maintenant l'aspiration pendant toute la durée de la coupe. La table (4) à aiguilles comporte une tablette (3) perforée de trous (9), un support mobile (7) sur lequel sont fixées les aiguilles et un caisson étanche (8) dans lequel est placé le support mobile (7) et qui est muni d'une aspiration (27).The invention relates to the preparation for cutting mattresses of knitted panels. It consists in placing under extension the knitted panels on the needles of a table (4) with needles, covering the mattress (6) thus constituted by a sheet (28) of a material impermeable to air, to create a depression inside the mattress (6) by suction of the air contained between the tablet (3) and the sheet (28), to withdraw the needles from the mattress and to carry out the cutting while maintaining the suction for throughout the duration of the cut. The needle table (4) comprises a shelf (3) perforated with holes (9), a movable support (7) on which the needles are fixed and a watertight box (8) in which the movable support (7) is placed and which is provided with a suction (27).

Description

La présente invention concerne la préparation, en vue de leur coupe, de matelas de panneaux textiles tricotés, destinés à la confection de vêtements tels que des pull-overs, robes ou articles similaires.The present invention relates to the preparation, with a view to their cutting, of mattresses of knitted textile panels, intended for making garments such as pullovers, dresses or similar articles.

La table à aiguilles est communément utilisée pour la préparation des éléments constitutifs d'un article en mailles, en vue de leur as­semblage. Les panneaux tricotés sont tendus et empilés sur les aiguilles, placées sur le pourtour du panneau et aux points remarquables du pa­tron. Ce positionnement sur aiguilles permet de mettre les panneaux sous extension, et de les maintenir dans cet état pendant la coupe. De la sorte, chaque élément de l'article est coupé dans un tricot dont la densité des mailles est la plus homogène possible.The needle table is commonly used for the preparation of the constituent elements of a mesh article, for their assembly. The knitted panels are stretched and stacked on the needles, placed around the edge of the panel and at the remarkable points of the pattern. This positioning on needles makes it possible to put the panels under extension, and to maintain them in this state during cutting. In this way, each element of the article is cut from a knitted fabric whose mesh density is as homogeneous as possible.

Cependant, l'utilisation de la table à aiguilles ne donne pas to­talement satisfaction. En effet, lors de la coupe du matelas avec un ciseau électrique, il est nécessaire de retirer des aiguilles du mate­las au fur et à mesure de la progression du ciseau dans le matelas ; ce retrait provoque une déformation du tricot notamment au niveau des bords-côte qui ont tendance à se resserrer fortement dès que les ai­guilles sont éliminées ; un décalage entre les différentes couches du matelas peut également se produire, en particulier en bordure du mate­las lorsque la découpe est faite en lisière : le ciseau a tendance à chasser lorsqu'il y a cinq à dix millimètres de marge entre la ligne de coupe et la lisière et la coupe obtenue n'est pas régulière.However, the use of the needle table is not entirely satisfactory. Indeed, when cutting the mattress with an electric chisel, it is necessary to remove needles from the mattress as the chisel progresses through the mattress; this shrinkage causes deformation of the knitted fabric, in particular at the ribbing which tends to tighten sharply as soon as the needles are eliminated; a shift between the different layers of the mattress can also occur, in particular at the edge of the mattress when the cut is made at the edge: the scissor tends to drive out when there is five to ten millimeters of margin between the cutting line and the edge and the cut obtained is not regular.

Pour minimiser ces insatisfactions, on place généralement le tri­cot sur les aiguilles sous faible extension, voire même à l'état libre, bien que cela soit au détriment de la qualité de la préparation.To minimize these dissatisfactions, the knitting is generally placed on the needles under low extension, or even in the free state, although this is to the detriment of the quality of the preparation.

Or on a trouvé et c'est ce qui fait l'objet de l'invention un per­fectionnement à la préparation des matelas sur table à aiguilles en vue de la coupe qui permet de lever ces insatisfactions. Selon le procédé de l'invention, on place sous extension les panneaux tricotés sur les ai­guilles d'une table à aiguille, on recouvre le matelas constitué d'une feuille d'un matériau imperméable à l'air , on crée une dépression à l'­intérieur du matelas par aspiration de l'air contenu entre la tablette et la feuille, on retire les aiguilles du matelas et on procède à la coupe en maintenant l'aspiration pendant toute la durée de la coupe.Now we have found, and this is what is the subject of the invention, an improvement in the preparation of mattresses on a needle table for cutting which makes it possible to remove these dissatisfactions. According to the method of the invention, the knitted panels are placed under extension on the needles of a needle table, the mattress consists of a sheet of air-impermeable material, a vacuum is created at the inside the mattress by suction of the air contained between the tablet and the sheet, the needles are removed from the mattress and the cutting is carried out while maintaining the suction throughout the duration of the cutting.

De manière inattendue, la dépression créée à l'intérieur du mate­las bloque les panneaux tricotés dans l'état d'extension dans lequel ils ont été placés lors de la constitution du matelas pendant toute la durée de la coupe. La mise en dépression est bien connue par ail­leurs pour la coupe des matelas d'articles tissés, qui ne demandent pas de mise en extrusion des panneaux correspondants. Ainsi en ma­tière de couple de matelas , existent deux techniques bien distinctes selon les articles : la technique des aiguilles pour les panneaux tricotés et la technique de la dépression pour les panneaux tissés. C'est le mérite de l'invention que de combiner ces deux techniques après qu'il ait été vérifié que la dépression était suffisante pour maintenir tous les panneaux du matelas en l'état d'extension sans re­trait du tricot après libération des aiguilles. La technique des ai­guilles est utilisée pour la préparation du matelas, sous extension; la technique de la dépression pour le blocage du matelas. La combinai­son des deux techniques selon l'invention conduit à un résultat qui n'a pas été obtenu jusqu'à présent : la coupe d'un matelas de panneaux tricotés sous extension exempt d'aiguilles.Unexpectedly, the depression created inside the mattress blocks the knitted panels in the extended state in which they were placed during the constitution of the mattress for the duration of the cut. Vacuuming is also well known for cutting mattresses of woven articles, which do not require extrusion of the corresponding panels. So in terms of mattress torque, there are two very distinct techniques according to the articles: the needle technique for knitted panels and the vacuum technique for woven panels. It is the merit of the invention to combine these two techniques after it has been verified that the vacuum is sufficient to keep all the panels of the mattress in the extended state without removing the knitted fabric after releasing the needles. The needle technique is used for the preparation of the mattress, under extension; the vacuum technique for blocking the mattress. The combination of the two techniques according to the invention leads to a result which has not been obtained until now: the cutting of a mattress of knitted panels under extension free of needles.

C'est un autre objet de l'invention que de proposer une table à aiguilles perfectionnée spécialement conçue pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé précité. La table à aiguilles selon l'invention comprend de ma­nière connue un support mobile verticalement sur lequel sont fixées les aiguilles et une tablette perforée de trous dans lesquels peuvent coulisser les aiguilles. De manière caractéristique, elle comporte, sous la surface inférieure de la tablette, un caisson étanche dans lequel sont placés le support mobile et des moyens d'aspiration capables de créer une dépression dans le caisson et à travers les trous formés dans la tablette.It is another object of the invention to provide an improved needle table specially designed for the implementation of the above method. The needle table according to the invention comprises in known manner a vertically movable support on which the needles are fixed and a tablet perforated with holes in which the needles can slide. Typically, it comprises, under the lower surface of the tablet, a sealed box in which are placed the movable support and suction means capable of creating a vacuum in the box and through the holes formed in the tablet.

De préférence les aiguilles sont amovibles et maintenues pendant leur retrait du matelas par des moyens de blocage temporaires. Cette dis­position particulière présente l'avantage de pouvoir modifier le nombre et la position des aiguilles lors d'un changement de matelas par exemple en enlevant certaines aiguilles, jouant librement dans les trous de la tablette, tout en permettant le retrait des aiguilles,alors bloquées, par déplacement vertical du support mobile.Preferably the needles are removable and maintained during their withdrawal from the mattress by temporary locking means. This particular arrangement has the advantage of being able to modify the number and the position of the needles when changing a mattress for example by removing certain needles, playing freely in the holes of the tablet, while allowing the withdrawal of the needles, then blocked. , by vertical displacement of the mobile support.

Selon un mode privilégié de l'invention, les moyens de blocage tem­poraires d'une aiguille comprennent, placés sous le trou correspondant formé dans la tablette :
. un profilé en U, fixé sur la face supérieure du support mobile de façon que la position de la génératrice extérieure du trou corresponde au flanc intérieur du profilé,
. et un tube souple à paroi extensible, placé dans le fond du profilé, raccordé à une source d'air comprimé.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the temporary blocking means of a needle comprise, placed under the corresponding hole formed in the tablet:
. a U-shaped profile, fixed on the upper face of the movable support so that the position of the external generator of the hole corresponds to the internal side of the profile
. and a flexible tube with extensible wall, placed in the bottom of the profile, connected to a source of compressed air.

L'aiguille, enfilée dans le trou, vient se loger entre le flanc intérieur du profilé et le tube souple. Le blocage temporaire de l'ai­guille est obtenu par emprisonnement de l'aiguille entre ledit flanc du profilé et la paroi du tube gonflé sous l'action de l'air comprimé.The needle, threaded into the hole, is received between the inner flank of the profile and the flexible tube. Temporary blockage of the needle is obtained by trapping the needle between said side of the profile and the wall of the inflated tube under the action of compressed air.

Avantageusement, au droit de l'aiguille, le tube souple est pro­tégé par une bande d'un matériau présentant une bonne résistance au frottement, ceci afin d'éviter la détériorisation de la paroi du tube lors des introductions et retraits répétés de l'aiguille entre le pro­filé et le tube.Advantageously, in line with the needle, the flexible tube is protected by a strip of a material having good resistance to friction, this in order to avoid deterioration of the wall of the tube during repeated introductions and withdrawals of the needle between the profile and the tube.

Il est possible de mettre en oeuvre d'autres moyens de blocage temporaire des aiguilles, cependant le moyen privilégié ci-dessus s' est avéré simple de réalisation et efficace ; il permet un blocage collectif de toutes les aiguilles avec un seul tube , ou de portions d' aiguilles avec une pluralité de tubes.It is possible to implement other means for temporarily blocking the needles, however the preferred means above has proved to be simple to carry out and effective; it allows collective blocking of all needles with a single tube, or of portions of needles with a plurality of tubes.

Des moyens de blocage mécaniques d'une aiguille comprendront, par exemple, placés sous le trou correspondant formé dans la tablette :
. une barre, fixée sur la face supérieure du support mobile,et un cylin­dre, solidaire du support mobile par les paliers maintenant son axe excentré, ladite barre et ledit cylindre étant parallèles et de part et d'autre de la génératrice extérieure du trou;
. un levier, monté à l'extrémité de l'axe du cylindre, et relié à une tige actionnée par un vérin, de telle sorte que, lors de l'action du vérin, la tige entraînant le levier fait tourner l'axe du cylindre et, cet axe étant excentré, le cylindre pivote et applique l'aiguille con­tre la barre.Mechanical locking means of a needle will include, for example, placed under the corresponding hole formed in the tablet:
. a bar, fixed on the upper face of the mobile support, and a cylinder, integral with the mobile support by the bearings maintaining its eccentric axis, said bar and said cylinder being parallel and on either side of the external generatrix of the hole;
. a lever, mounted at the end of the cylinder axis, and connected to a rod actuated by a jack, so that, during the actuation of the jack, the rod driving the lever turns the cylinder axis and, this axis being eccentric, the cylinder pivots and applies the needle against the bar.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui va être faite d'un exemple de réalisation en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel :

  • La figure 1 montre un panneau tricoté tombant de métier
  • La figure 2 montre le même panneau fixé sur la table à aiguilles en vue de la coupe.
  • La figure 3 est une vue schématique en coupe de la table à aiguilles se­lon l'invention.
  • La figure 4 est une vue schématique de dessus de la table à aiguille.
  • Les figures 5a, 5b et 5c sont des vues schématiques en coupe du moyen de blocage pneumatique, sans aiguille (5a), avec aiguille non bloquée (5b), avec aiguille bloquée (5c).
  • La figure 6 est une vue schématique en coupe d'un moyen de blocage mé­canique.
The invention will be better understood on reading the description which will be given of an exemplary embodiment with reference to the appended drawing in which:
  • Figure 1 shows a knitted panel falling from loom
  • Figure 2 shows the same panel attached to the needle table for cutting.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic sectional view of the needle table according to the invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic top view of the needle table.
  • Figures 5a, 5b and 5c are schematic sectional views of the pneumatic locking means, without needle (5a), with unblocked needle (5b), with blocked needle (5c).
  • Figure 6 is a schematic sectional view of a mechanical locking means.

Nous prendrons comme exemple un panneau de tricot 1, tombant de métier rectiligne, dont la base présente un bord-côte 2. L'entrelace­ment des fils utilisé pour réaliser ce bord-côte a pour effet de res­serrer la base du panneau. Le tricotage est réalisé de telle sorte que sur la largeur du panneau on obtient plusieurs éléments de l'article à confectionner, le nombre desdits éléments varie en fonction des mo­dèles et des tailles (dans le cas illustré figure 1 il s'agit de trois dos).We will take as an example a knitting panel 1, falling from a straight loom, the base of which has an ribbing 2. The intertwining of the threads used to produce this ribbing has the effect of tightening the base of the panel. The knitting is carried out so that over the width of the panel there are obtained several elements of the article to be made, the number of said elements varies according to the models and sizes (in the case illustrated in FIG. 1 it is three backs ).

Le panneau 1 est tendu et fixé sur la tablette 3 de la table à aiguilles 4 grâce aux aiguilles 5 placées sur le pourtour du panneau 1 et aux points remarquables du patron. Plusieurs panneaux sont mis l'un sur l'autre et constituent un matelas 6.The panel 1 is stretched and fixed on the shelf 3 of the needle table 4 by means of the needles 5 placed on the periphery of the panel 1 and at the remarkable points of the pattern. Several panels are placed one on the other and constitute a mattress 6.

La table à aiguilles 4 comporte la tablette 3, le support mobile 7 et le caisson d'aspiration 8. La tablette 3 est perforée de trous 9 régulièrement espacés selon le quadrillage qui est illustré à la figu­re 4. L'intervalle entre chaque trou est de l'ordre de 2 centimètres. Chaque trou 9 a un diamètre suffisant pour permettre le libre coulis­sement d'une aiguille 5.The needle table 4 comprises the shelf 3, the mobile support 7 and the suction box 8. The shelf 3 is perforated with holes 9 regularly spaced according to the grid which is illustrated in FIG. 4. The interval between each hole is of the order of 2 centimeters. Each hole 9 has a diameter sufficient to allow the free sliding of a needle 5.

Le support mobile 7 comprend un plateau 10 sur lequel sont fixés les profilés en U 11 destinés au blocage des aiguilles 5, et les moyens assurant le déplacement vertical du plateau 10. Ces moyens consistent en une vis sans fin 12 solidaire du bâti 13 de la table 4, et entraînée en rotation par le moteur 14. Deux écrous 15 bloqués par des châpes 16 sont montés aux extrémités de la vis 12 ; ils sont fixés à l'extrémité inférieure du bras 17 articulé autour de l'axe 18. L'extrémité supérieure de ce bras 17 porte un galet 19 roulant dans la glissière 20. Le pla­teau 10 est guidé transversalement et longitudinalement dans le bâti 13 par les roulettes 21.The movable support 7 comprises a plate 10 on which are fixed the U-shaped sections 11 intended for blocking the needles 5, and the means ensuring the vertical movement of the plate 10. These means consist of an endless screw 12 secured to the frame 13 of the table 4, and driven in rotation by the motor 14. Two nuts 15 blocked by caps 16 are mounted at the ends of the screw 12; they are fixed to the lower end of the arm 17 articulated around the axis 18. The upper end of this arm 17 carries a roller 19 rolling in the slide 20. The plate 10 is guided transversely and longitudinally in the frame 13 by the casters 21.

Les profilés 11 sont fixés sur le plateau 10 de telle sorte que la génératrice extérieure 9ʹ d'un trou 9 correspond au flanc intérieur 11ʹ d'un profilé 11. Comme illustré sur la figure 5 le même profilé est placé sous deux trous adjacents, ce qui permet le blocage de deux aiguilles simultanément.The profiles 11 are fixed on the plate 10 so that the external generator 9ʹ of a hole 9 corresponds to the internal flank 11ʹ of a profile 11. As illustrated in FIG. 5, the same profile is placed under two adjacent holes, this which allows the locking of two needles simultaneously.

Le tube souple 22 est placé à l'intérieur du profilé 11. Une ex­trémité de ce tube 22 est fermée tandis que l'autre est reliée à une alimentation en air comprimé. La paroi 23 du tube 22 est extensible. Une bande de protection 24, pliée en forme de U dans le sens de la longueur , est pincée entre le tube 22 et le profilé 11. Cette bande 24 est un élément d'une courroie plate. On dispose autant de profilés 11 sur le plateau 10 qu'il y a de lignes de trous (figure 4). Une sangle 25 est tendue transversalement au-dessus des profilés 11, à raison d'une sangle tous les vingt centimètres, au moyen de crochets fixés sur le plateau 10 entre chaque profilé. Les extrémités de chaque sangle 25 sont pincées sous les profilés extrêmes. La largeur de la sangle 25 est telle qu'elle peut passer entre deux lignes d'aiguilles.The flexible tube 22 is placed inside the profile 11. One end of this tube 22 is closed while the other is connected to a supply of compressed air. The wall 23 of the tube 22 is extensible. A protective strip 24, folded in the shape of a U in the lengthwise direction, is pinched between the tube 22 and the profile 11. This strip 24 is an element of a flat belt. There are as many profiles 11 on the plate 10 as there are lines of holes (Figure 4). A strap 25 is stretched transversely above the profiles 11, at the rate of a strap every twenty centimeters, by means of hooks fixed on the plate 10 between each profile. The ends of each strap 25 are pinched under the end profiles. The width of the strap 25 is such that it can pass between two lines of needles.

Le caisson d'aspiration 8 est constitué des parois fermant laté­ralement les quatre côtés du bâti 13, du fonds 26 et de la tablette 3,le tout formant un caisson étanche dans lequel sont enfermés le support mobile 4 et les moyens de blocage des aiguilles. La turbine 27, fixée sur le fond 26, crée une dépression à l'intérieur du caisson 8.The suction box 8 consists of walls laterally closing the four sides of the frame 13, the bottom 26 and the shelf 3, all forming a sealed box in which are locked the movable support 4 and the needle locking means. The turbine 27, fixed to the bottom 26, creates a vacuum inside the box 8.

Le fonctionnement de la table 4 en vue de la préparation du mate­las pour la coupe s'effectue de la manière suivante. Le plateau mobile 10 étant en position haute, des aiguilles 5 en nombre déterminé sont placées dans les trous 9 de la tablette 3 selon la disposition adéquate en fonction de la taille des panneaux et la conformation du patron. Chaque aiguille 5 est introduite dans le logement entre le profilé 11 et la paroi extérieure du ruba 24 qui protège le tube 22. L'air com­primé est envoyé dans tous les tubes 22, ce qui fait augmenter le dia­mètre dudit tube (fig. 5b et 5c) qui vient serrer l'aiguille 5 contre le flanc intérieur 11ʹ du profilé. Toutes les aiguilles 5 sont ainsi bloquées simultanément. La bande24 et la sangle 25 ont pour rôle de maintenir le tube 22 dans le profilé 11 et de l'empêcher de se défor­mer et d'être détérioré par le passage des aiguilles 5.The operation of the table 4 for the preparation of the mattress for cutting is carried out as follows. The movable plate 10 being in the high position, needles 5 in a determined number are placed in the holes 9 of the shelf 3 according to the appropriate arrangement as a function of the size of the panels and the conformation of the pattern. Each needle 5 is introduced into the housing between the section 11 and the outer wall of the ruba 24 which protects the tube 22. The compressed air is sent into all the tubes 22, which increases the diameter of said tube (fig. 5b and 5c) which clamps the needle 5 against the inner flank 11ʹ of the profile. All the needles 5 are thus blocked simultaneously. The role of the strip 24 and the strap 25 is to hold the tube 22 in the profile 11 and to prevent it from deforming and being damaged by the passage of the needles 5.

Le moteur 14 est mis en route de telle sorte que les écrous 15 se déplacent sur la vis sans fin 12 vers les bords du bâti 13, entraî­ nant vers le bas le levier 17 qui, associé au déplacement du galet 19 dans la glissière 20, fait s'abaisser le plateau 10. Le moteur est arrêté alors que les aiguilles 5 dépassent de deux à trois centi­mètres au-dessus de la tablette 3. L'opérateur peut alors commencer le matelassage, en fixant sous extension conformément à la figure 2 chaque panneau 1 sur les aiguilles 5. Au cours du matelassage, lorsque la hauteur d'aiguille n'est plus suffisante, on commande la montée du pla­teau 10 par une nouvelle rotation du moteur 14 dans le sens inverse.The motor 14 is started so that the nuts 15 move on the worm 12 towards the edges of the frame 13, driving nant down the lever 17 which, associated with the movement of the roller 19 in the slide 20, lowers the plate 10. The engine is stopped while the needles 5 protrude two to three centimeters above the shelf 3 The operator can then start the quilting, by fixing under extension in accordance with FIG. 2 each panel 1 on the needles 5. During the quilting, when the height of the needle is no longer sufficient, the tray is raised 10 by a new rotation of the motor 14 in the opposite direction.

Lorsque le matelas 6 est terminé, on le recouvre d'un fil plasti­que 28, imperméable à l'air, de telle sorte qu'il déborde au-delà et de chaque côté du matelas 6. On met en marche la turbine 27 d'aspiration. La dépression créée dans le caisson étanche 8 se propage au travers des trous 9 dans l'enceinte constituée par l'espace compris entre le film 28 et la tablette 3. Cette dépression plaque le film 28 sur le matelas 6 et comprime celui-ci.When the mattress 6 is finished, it is covered with a plastic wire 28, impermeable to air, so that it overflows beyond and on each side of the mattress 6. The turbine 27 is started up. aspiration. The depression created in the sealed box 8 propagates through the holes 9 in the enclosure formed by the space between the film 28 and the tablet 3. This depression presses the film 28 onto the mattress 6 and compresses the latter.

On actionne le moteur 14 dans le sens inverse, ce qui fait descen­dre le plateau 10 et, les aiguilles 5 étant bloquées entre les profilés 11 et le tube 22, ce qui escamote les aiguilles 5. La coupe peut alors commencer, la turbine 27 étant maintenue en fonctionnement pendant tou­te la durée de la coupe. Ainsi le matelas est comprimé et maintenu en extension sous l'effet de l'aspiration, et peut être coupé en l'absence des aiguilles.The motor 14 is activated in the opposite direction, which lowers the plate 10 and, the needles 5 being blocked between the profiles 11 and the tube 22, which retracts the needles 5. The cutting can then begin, the turbine 27 being kept in operation for the duration of the cut. Thus the mattress is compressed and held in extension under the effect of the suction, and can be cut in the absence of needles.

La coupe terminée, la turbine 27 est arrêtée et les bûches de piè­ces coupées (par exemple selon les pointillés de la figure 2) sont éva­cuées. La table 4 est disponible pour recommencer un nouveau cycle.When the cut is complete, the turbine 27 is stopped and the logs of cut pieces (for example along the dotted lines in FIG. 2) are removed. Table 4 is available to start a new cycle.

Si le placement des aiguilles 5 doit être modifié ou changé com­plètement , il suffit de remonter le plateau mobile 10 et de débloquer les aiguilles 5 en coupant l'air comprimé dans les tubes 22.If the placement of the needles 5 must be modified or changed completely, it suffices to reassemble the movable plate 10 and to unlock the needles 5 by cutting the compressed air in the tubes 22.

Le mode de réalisation préféré qui vient d'être décrit n'est pas limitatif de l'invention. En particulier d'autres moyens de blocage des aiguilles peuvent être mis en oeuvre. La figure 6 illustre un système de blocage par des moyens purement mécaniques. Une barre 29 et un cy­lindre 30 sont fixés sur le plateau 10 parallèlement et de part et d' autre de chaque ligne d'aiguilles. La barre est fixée sur la face supé­rieure du plateau 10 et le cylindre 30 est solidaire du plateau 10 grâce à deux paliers maintenant les extrémités de son axe 31 de rota­tion, cet axe 31 étant excentré. A l'extrémité de l'axe 31 est monté un levier 32 qui est lui-même relié à une tige 33. Cette tige 33 est unique pour tous les cylindres ; elle est actionnée par un vérin 34. Le fonctionnement est le suivant. En position normale correspondant à l'enfilage des aiguilles (figure 6) la barre 29 et le cylindre cor­respondant 30 sont éloignés l'un de l'autre laissant entre eux un espace destiné à recevoir la partie basse de l'aiguille 5. Pour réa­liser le blocage, le vérin est actionné, la tige 33 se déplace dans le sens de la flèche F, le levier 32 fait tourner l'axe 31 sur lui-­même, ce qui entraîne le pivotement du cylindre 30 qui, l'axe 31 étant excentré, vient s'appliquer contre l'aiguille, coincée entre le cy­lindre 30 et la barre 29.The preferred embodiment which has just been described is not limitative of the invention. In particular, other means for blocking the needles can be used. FIG. 6 illustrates a blocking system by purely mechanical means. A bar 29 and a cylinder 30 are fixed on the plate 10 parallel to and on either side of each line of needles. The bar is fixed to the upper face of the plate 10 and the cylinder 30 is secured to the plate 10 by two bearings holding the ends of its axis 31 of rotation, this axis 31 being eccentric. At the end of the axis 31 is mounted a lever 32 which is itself connected to a rod 33. This rod 33 is unique for all the cylinders; it is actuated by a jack 34. The operation is as follows. In the normal position corresponding to the threading of the needles (FIG. 6) the bar 29 and the corresponding cylinder 30 are spaced apart from each other leaving between them a space intended to receive the lower part of the needle 5. To make the blocking, the jack is actuated, the rod 33 moves in the direction of arrow F, the lever 32 rotates the axis 31 on itself, which causes the cylinder 30 to pivot, which, the axis 31 being eccentric, presses against the needle, wedged between the cylinder 30 and the bar 29.

Pour une tablette dont la surface présentant des perforations est de 100 cm/200, la dépression mise en oeuvre par la turbine a été de 300 mm d'eau sous un débit de 300 m3/h. La tablette comporte 5151 perforations de 2 mm de diamètre.For a tablet whose surface with perforations is 100 cm / 200, the depression implemented by the turbine was 300 mm of water at a flow rate of 300 m3 / h. The tablet has 5151 perforations of 2 mm in diameter.

Claims (5)

1. Procédé de préparation à la coupe de matelas de panneaux textiles tricotés (1) du type selon lequel on place sous extension les pan­neaux tricotés (1) sur les aiguilles (5) d'une table (4) à aiguilles, caractérisé en ce que :
. on recouvre le matelas ainsi constitué (6) d'une feuille (28) d'un matériau imperméable à l'air, on crée une dépression à l'intérieur du matelas (6) par aspiration de l'air contenu entre la tablette (3) et la feuille (28), on retire les aiguilles (5) du matelas (6) et on procède à la coupe en maintenant l'aspiration pendant toute la durée de la coupe.1. Method for preparing the cut of mattresses of knitted textile panels (1) of the type according to which the knitted panels (1) are placed under extension on the needles (5) of a table (4) with needles, characterized in than :
. the mattress thus formed (6) is covered with a sheet (28) of an air-impermeable material, a vacuum is created inside the mattress (6) by suction of the air contained between the tablet ( 3) and the sheet (28), the needles (5) are removed from the mattress (6) and the cutting is carried out while maintaining the suction throughout the duration of the cutting. 2. Table à aiguilles pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la re­vendication 1, du type comprenant un support (7) mobile verticalement sur lequel sont fixées les aiguilles (5) et une tablette (3) perforée de trous (9) dans lesquels peuvent coulisser les aiguilles (5) carac­térisé en ce qu'elle comporte sous la surface inférieure de la tablet­te (3), un caisson étanche (8) dans lequel sont placés le support mobile (7) et des moyens d'aspiration (27) capables de créer une dé­pression dans le caisson (8) et à travers les trous (9) formés dans la tablette (3).2. Needle table for implementing the method according to claim 1, of the type comprising a support (7) movable vertically on which the needles (5) are fixed and a shelf (3) perforated with holes (9) in which can slide the needles (5) characterized in that it comprises under the lower surface of the shelf (3), a sealed box (8) in which are placed the movable support (7) and suction means (27) capable of creating a depression in the box (8) and through the holes (9) formed in the shelf (3). 3. Table à aiguilles selon la revendication 2 caractérisée en ce que les aiguilles (5) sont amovibles et maintenues pendant leur retrait du matelas (6) par des moyens de blocage temporaires (11,22 ; 29,30).3. Needle table according to claim 2 characterized in that the needles (5) are removable and maintained during their withdrawal from the mattress (6) by temporary locking means (11,22; 29,30). 4. Table à aiguilles selon la revendication 3 caractérisée en ce que les moyens de blocage temporaires d'une aiguille (5) comprennent, placés sous le trou (9) correspondant formé dans la tablette (3) :
. un profilé en U(11), fixé sur la face supérieure du support mobile (7) de façon que la position de la génératrice extérieure (9ʹ) du trou (9) corresponde au flanc intérieur (11ʹ) du profilé (11),
. et un tube souple (22) à paroi (23) extensible, placé dans le fond du profilé (11) raccordé à une source d'air comprimé.4. Needle table according to claim 3 characterized in that the temporary blocking means of a needle (5) comprise, placed under the corresponding hole (9) formed in the shelf (3):
. a U-shaped profile (11), fixed on the upper face of the movable support (7) so that the position of the external generator (9ʹ) of the hole (9) corresponds to the internal flank (11ʹ) of the profile (11),
. and a flexible tube (22) with an extensible wall (23), placed in the bottom of the profile (11) connected to a source of compressed air. 5. Table à aiguilles selon la revendication 3 caractérisée en ce que les moyens de blocage temporaire d'une aiguille (5) comprennent, pla­cés sous le trou (9) correspondant formé dans la tablette (3) :
. une barre (29), fixée sur la face supérieure du support mobile (7), et un cylindre (30), solidaire du support mobile (7) par les paliers maintenant son axe (31) excentré, ladite barre (29) et ledit cylindre (30) étant parallèles et de part et d'autre de la génératrice exté­rieure du trou (9) ;
. un levier (32), monté à l'extrémité de l'axe (31) du cylindre (30), et relié à une tige (33) actionnée par un vérin (34), de telle sorte que, lors de l'action du vérin (34), la tige (33) entraînant le levier (32) fait tourner l'axe (31) du cylindre (30) et, cet axe (31) étant excentré, le cylindre (30) pivote et applique l'aiguille (5) contre la barre (29).5. Needle table according to claim 3 characterized in that the means for temporarily blocking a needle (5) comprise, placed under the corresponding hole (9) formed in the shelf (3):
. a bar (29), fixed on the upper face of the mobile support (7), and a cylinder (30), integral with the mobile support (7) by the bearings keeping its axis (31) eccentric, said bar (29) and said cylinder (30) being parallel and on either side of the external generator of the hole (9);
. a lever (32), mounted at the end of the axis (31) of the cylinder (30), and connected to a rod (33) actuated by a jack (34), so that, during the action of the jack (34), the rod (33) driving the lever (32) rotates the axis (31) of the cylinder (30) and, this axis (31) being eccentric, the cylinder (30) pivots and applies the needle (5) against the bar (29).
EP87401841A 1986-09-08 1987-08-07 Method and apparatus to retain piles of fabric before cutting Expired - Lifetime EP0260172B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8612555 1986-09-08
FR8612555A FR2603622B1 (en) 1986-09-08 1986-09-08 PROCESS AND DEVICE FOR PREPARING CUT MATTRESSES

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EP0260172A2 true EP0260172A2 (en) 1988-03-16
EP0260172A3 EP0260172A3 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0260172B1 EP0260172B1 (en) 1990-02-28

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EP87401841A Expired - Lifetime EP0260172B1 (en) 1986-09-08 1987-08-07 Method and apparatus to retain piles of fabric before cutting

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US (1) US4807504A (en)
EP (1) EP0260172B1 (en)
DE (1) DE3761738D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2014315B3 (en)
FR (1) FR2603622B1 (en)

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CN103835116A (en) * 2014-03-10 2014-06-04 南京宏盛毛毡制品有限公司 Piano hammer head opening machine

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WO2008128731A1 (en) * 2007-04-20 2008-10-30 Assyst Bullmer Spezialmaschinen Gmbh & Co. Kg Arrangement for needling limp material webs
CN103835116A (en) * 2014-03-10 2014-06-04 南京宏盛毛毡制品有限公司 Piano hammer head opening machine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4807504A (en) 1989-02-28
ES2014315B3 (en) 1990-07-01
DE3761738D1 (en) 1990-04-05
FR2603622A1 (en) 1988-03-11
EP0260172A3 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0260172B1 (en) 1990-02-28
FR2603622B1 (en) 1990-03-23

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