EP0258699A1 - Cutter drive shield and method for driving and/or lining tunnels or the like - Google Patents

Abstract

The knife shield jacking device consists of jacking knives (10, 12, 14, 16, 18) which can be acted upon by a pressure device and which are guided one below the other on their longitudinal sides. The guides consist of guide brackets (20) and wedge elements (30) which are guided in these guide brackets (20). To change the direction of the advance, it is sufficient to select any suitable guide knife (14) which is directionally controlled during the advance by hydraulic presses (34, 36) attached to the neighboring knives (12, 16). The guide bracket (20) slides on the wedge element (30) of the adjacent knife (12) and the wedge element of the knife (14) in the guide bracket on the knife (16). After the hydraulic presses (34) and (36) have been removed, the adjacent knives can be driven forward from the respectively directly adjacent knife (12) or (16), which means that the knives driven one after the other are automatically aligned by guiding the brackets on the wedge surfaces compared to the jacking knife (14). With the system at rest, i.e. when all knives have been driven, the knives are self-supporting due to mutual support on the long sides, so that the knives supporting guiding arches can be lowered during advancement in order to take over again the supporting function for the knives to be re-driven after advancing.

Description

The invention relates to a knife shield jacking device and to a method for breaking out and / or prefabricating tunnels, tunnels, shafts or the like.

From DE-OS 19 66 078 such a device with jacking knives is known, which have rigid guides with each other, which are designed as locks as in channel or sheet pile boards for rigid parallel guidance. This device has the disadvantage that directional corrections, which presuppose a relative mobility of the individual jacking knives with respect to one another, cannot be carried out or can only be carried out with great difficulty. If the lock clearance is increased in these known jacking knives, relative movement of the blades relative to one another is achieved, but this in turn has the disadvantage that the blades can move uncontrollably within the lock clearance and thus precise control is not possible. A further disadvantage is that jams often occur in the rigid guides during the advance of the knives. This is particularly the case when knives hit stones in the face and want to deviate from their position.

From DE-AS 27 42 332 a method is known in which jacking knives are used which have lateral wedges. There, the individual knives have a relative mobility with one another during the advance, so that curves or directional corrections can be made. The disadvantage of this known device, however, is that, in order to achieve relative mobility during the feed for correction purposes, all jacking knives always in a certain order, ie generally starting with the ridge knife and then to the right and continuously to the left of it. This constructive sequence of advancing the individual tunneling knives, which is not to be changed during tunneling, is disadvantageous if, for example, knives have to be driven in a different sequence in the case of uneven floors in order to secure the face.

In the case of tunnel cross sections with, for example, vertical side walls, the side knives deviate there due to the force of gravity in the direction of the tunnel sole. This downward deviation occurs particularly in the case of long and heavy knives in which the frictional forces between the knife and the soil on the one hand and between the guide bend and the knife on the other hand are not sufficient to hold the knife in its position. Associated with this are floor losses due to gaping joints in the knife shield, which result from the deviation of the knives. Furthermore, knives which have deviated downwards have to be brought back into their old position in a complex manner with the aid of hydraulic presses.

Driving a curve is very time-consuming and labor-intensive. If a right turn is to be made with the known method and the known device, all knives lying to the right of the ridge knife are controlled in the desired direction by the action of the wedges attached to the knives, but all knives lying to the left of the ridge knife must be, for example, in a complex manner can be moved individually in the desired direction using hydraulic presses.

From DE-AS 20 21 734 a traveling support structure is known, in which four support frames are connected to two nested frame frames. This known arrangement is complex because of the required frame and requires very long knives with a relatively small increment. Long knives mean, in addition to higher costs, above all, more difficult to manipulate when cornering and correcting the direction.

From DE-OS 26 18 571 a self-supporting support unit for small stud cross-sections is made of knife planks. There, the knife planks are constantly rigidly guided to one another via dovetail-like guides, so that directional corrections which require the knives to move relative to one another cannot be carried out. In addition, in order to produce a closed ring, knife boards are also arranged on the tunnel sole, which greatly impairs the handling of this known device.

The invention has for its object to provide a method and a device with which an excavation and / or ready removal of a tunnel or the like. Without disruptive device parts and complex support frames is possible, a blade shield driving device is easily controllable, in which no tunneling knife is specified as the knife to be driven first and in which the tracking of the remaining knives can take place without additional precautions.

This object is achieved in that the guides on the jacking knives consist of wedge elements guided in brackets.

This ensures that a relative movement of the jacking knives with respect to one another is possible, that each jacking knife can be used as the knife to be driven first, and that the remaining knives assume their position parallel to the knife first driven without any subsequent communication effort.

According to a preferred embodiment, the brackets are U-shaped and a section is provided on the wedge elements, the width of which corresponds approximately to the distance between the legs of the U-bracket. This section is taken up by the legs of the U-shaped bracket when all knife ends lie in one plane, i.e. when all knives are advanced equally. In this position, all knives have a parallel position and are connected to each other with little play. Preferably, the wedge elements taper to both ends, starting from the section of constant width formed as a central section. This ensures that the knife to be driven first can be controlled to the right or left at the start of the advance movement and that the parallel knives to be driven thereafter are pivoted in the direction of the first knife by sliding the surfaces of the wedge elements on the legs of the U-bends.

According to preferred embodiments, a bracket is arranged on one side of each jacking knife and a wedge element is arranged on the other side, or a bracket is arranged on every second jacking knife and a wedge element is arranged on each side of every jacking knife in between. In the former case, all jacking knives can be designed identically, so that the storage and the replacement of defective jacking knives are simplified.

The U-bracket is preferably open at the top and the wedge element engages between the legs of the bracket from above. The wedge element on each jacking knife is preferably attached to the long side of the jacking knife via a cantilever plate.

In a further development of the invention, wheel chocks are located on the jacking knives, which are arranged in the region of curvature of a tunnel cross section, between the U-bracket and the wedge element arranged so that the position of the bracket and wedge element is adapted to the tunnel cross-section.

To reduce the friction between the legs of the bracket and the surfaces of the wedge element and to avoid constraints between these parts, the contacting inner surfaces of the bracket legs and the outer surfaces of the wedge element are preferably rounded.

To control the knife to be driven first, a fastening device for a pressure device acting on an adjacent knife is provided in the front area of each tunneling knife. To control the propulsion device according to the invention, two pressure units, which in particular consist of piston-cylinder units, can be fastened via a quick-release fastener. These piston-cylinder units are arranged on the knives adjacent to the first knife to be driven in order to control the pivoting of this first knife to be driven by different piston paths. The knives to be driven afterwards do not require any direction correction via pressure units, since they are forced into the position parallel to the first driven knife by the sliding of the stirrups on the wedge surfaces or vice versa.

In a development of the invention, the knives are mutually supported by lateral support members when the system is at rest and are self-supporting without a connection on the sole side.

According to a preferred embodiment, a long, cross-sectionally T-shaped support member with a transverse leg pointing downward is arranged on one side of each knife, and a short, cross-sectionally U-shaped support member with upwardly directed legs is arranged on the other side of each knife, the L- Shaped support member of a knife engages in the U-shaped support member of an adjacent knife and on the T-shaped support member, starting from central sections of constant width, wedge-shaped run-up ramps are arranged. When all the knives are driven to the same extent, the legs of the U-shaped support member rest on the regions of constant width of the T-shaped support member, so that the knives are in direct contact with one another. Forces can thus be introduced into the sole-side knives and from there into the sole without transverse movement of the knives. A relative movement of the knives can take place during the advance of the knives, since the wedge-shaped run-up ramps on the T-shaped support member within the U-shaped support member have sufficient play to pivot the knives in the desired direction.

According to a preferred embodiment, an adjustable stop element is provided on the U-shaped support member. This stop element can be designed in the form of a screw which, by screwing in and unscrewing, enables the play between the support members to be adjusted.

In a further development of the invention, the knives on the sole side are applied transversely to the longitudinal axis of the knife Lifting devices are arranged, which are designed in particular as hydraulic or pneumatic piston-cylinder units. After all the knives have been advanced, the lifting devices are actuated so that each knife can be brought into direct contact with the neighboring knife so that no uncontrolled movement of the knives towards the sole can take place after the support arches have been lowered. The pressure is then fed into the sole via the piston-cylinder units.

According to a preferred embodiment, lifting devices are arranged on the guide arches or support frames at the ends on the sole side. With these lifting devices, the support arches can be lowered so that when the system is at rest, i.e. if the knives are self-supporting, the arches can be moved to a new support position. After a new arrangement, lifting devices are actuated and the top of the guide arches are brought into contact with the bottom of the knives so that the knives receive the required guidance during the advance. The lifting devices on the support arches are preferably hydraulic or pneumatic piston-cylinder units.

So that horizontal forces can be transmitted from the support frame or guide arches into the sole, guide elements are preferably arranged at the ends of the support frame on the sole side, which engage in guides arranged on base plates. The lifting devices for the support frames are preferably arranged on the base plates, which enables the base plates to be raised together with the guides after the lifting devices have been drawn in when the guide arches are lowered, in order to be moved with the guide arches.

At the sole-side ends of the support frames are preferably in guides that can be laid on the sole engaging and slidable struts provided. When the guide arches are lowered, the plates with the guides are raised at the same time and the struts are also supported on rails, so that the guide arches, which are then no longer in contact with the jacking knives, can be moved.

Preferably, two support frames connected via pressure devices are provided. The pressure devices are preferably piston / cylinder units.

A method according to the invention, in particular using a knife shield driving device according to the invention, is characterized in that when the system is at rest or after all the knives have been fed, the knives are placed in a mutual lateral position and become self-supporting, that the support frames are lowered and continue to advance, and that after the support frames are raised, the Knives are advanced again.

The knives supported by the support frame during the advance take over the support, when all knives have been driven, ie they directly absorb the pressure exerted by the mountains and guide them into the tunnel bottom. In this state, the guide arches or support frames can be lowered and continue to take over the support when the knives are advanced again. With this method, a second pair of support frames can therefore be dispensed with, which on the one hand makes the device more economical and on the other hand creates fewer obstacles during work. In addition, the knives can be made shorter, so that cornering or directional corrections are easily possible. The knives are supported on both sides of the sole while they take over the support. No knives are arranged across the width of the sole.

• Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf eine Reihe von Vortriebsmessern in einer Ausgangslage,
• Fig. 2 einen Schnitt längs der Linie II-II von Fig. 1,
• Fig. 3 die Anordnung nach Fig. 1 mit einem parallel zu den übrigen Vortriebsmessern vorgetriebenen Vortriebsmessern,
• Fig. 4 die Anordnung nach Fig. 1 mit einem schräg zu den übrigen Vortriebsmessern vorgetriebenen Messer,
• Fig. 5 einen Querschnitt durch zwei Vortriebsmesser in vergrößertem Maßstab,
• Fig. 6 einen Querschnitt durch zwei in einem Krümmungsbereich liegende Vortriebsmesser in vergrößertem Maßstab,
• Fig. 7 eine Ansicht auf die Rückseite einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer Vorrichtung bestehend aus Vortriebsmessern und eine Abstützvorrichtung,
• Fig. 8-11 die Vorrichtung nach Fig. 7 in verschiedenen auf­einanderfolgenden Arbeitsstadien,
• Fig. 12 eine Draufsicht auf zwei nebeneinander liegende Messer der Vorrichtung nach Fig. 7, und
• Fig. 13 einen Schnitt längs der Linie XIII-XIII von Fig. 12.

Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawing. It shows:

• 1 is a plan view of a number of jacking knives in a starting position,
• 2 shows a section along the line II-II of FIG. 1,
• 3 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 1 with a jacking knife driven parallel to the other jacking knives,
• 4 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 1 with a knife driven obliquely to the other jacking knives,
• 5 shows a cross section through two jacking knives on an enlarged scale,
• 6 shows a cross section through two jacking knives lying in a region of curvature on an enlarged scale,
• 7 is a view of the back of a further embodiment of a device consisting of jacking knives and a support device,
• 8-11 the device according to FIG. 7 in different successive working stages,
• Fig. 12 is a plan view of two juxtaposed knives of the device of Fig. 7, and
• FIG. 13 shows a section along the line XIII-XIII of FIG. 12.

1 shows a knife shield boring device with an arrangement of boring knives 10, 12, 14, 16, 18. Depending on the cross section to be driven, the knives 10 and 18 are followed by further boring knives. Each knife 10 to 18 has a U-shaped bracket 20 on its left side and wedge elements 22 and 24 on its right side. The wedge elements 22 and 24 start from a central region 26 which has a constant width. From this area 26, the wedge elements 22 and 24 taper towards their opposite ends. The wedge elements 22 and 24 together with the central section 26 form a longitudinal guide which is guided between the legs 26 and 28 of the U-shaped bracket 20. In the arrangement shown in FIG. 1, the play between the knives 10 to 18 is almost zero, since the width of the middle section 26 is approximately equal to the distance between the legs 26 and 28 of the U-shaped bracket 20. The guides 22, 24 , 26 form a wedge element 30, which is arranged below a cantilever plate 32 which is attached to the longitudinal side of a knife 10 to 18. The wedge element 30 engages from above between the legs 26 and 28 of the upwardly open bracket 20.

The position of the jacking knives 10 to 18 shown in FIG. 1 shows the starting position in front of a new jacking section. It is assumed that the tunneling knife 14, which can be arranged at any point in the tunnel cross section, is to be driven as the first knife. For lateral guidance of this knife 14, hydraulic presses 34 and 36 in the form of piston-cylinder units are arranged on the knife 12 and on the knife 16, which are adjacent to the knife 14. Suitable devices for quick fastening of such hydraulic presses are provided on each longitudinal side of each knife 10 to 18. There are two for the direction-controlled propulsion of the jacking knives 10 to 18 such hydraulic presses are sufficient.

Fig. 2 shows a cross section through the knives 10 to 14. The knives consist of an upper wall 38 and a lower wall 40, which are connected to one another via side walls 42 and 44. A guide bracket 20 is attached to the side wall 42 and a wedge element 30 is attached to the side wall 44 via a cantilever plate 32.

FIG. 3 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 1, the knife 14 being driven relative to the knives 10, 12, 16 and 18 via a hydraulic press, not shown. Since the hydraulic presses 34 and 36 are loaded equally, the knife 14 is driven parallel to the other knives.

FIG. 4 shows the arrangement according to FIG. 1, the knife 14 being driven obliquely relative to the knives 10, 12, 16 and 18. Since after a propulsion section which corresponds approximately to the length of the central section 26 of the wedge element 30, a wedge of the wedge surface occurs in the U-shaped brackets, the knife 14 can be extended by extending the piston of the hydraulic press 34 and correspondingly retracting the piston of the hydraulic press 36 can be pivoted to the right. The outer leg of the bracket 20 attached to the left side slides on the inner inclined surface of the wedge surface attached to the right side of the knife, and the rear inner wedge surface of the wedge element 30 on the right side of the jacking knife 14 slides on the outer leg of the bracket 20 is arranged on the left side of the knife 16.

After the knife 14 has reached its desired end position, the hydraulic pressure cylinders on the knives 12 and 16 are removed and, starting with the knife 12, the knives arranged to the left of the knife 14 are driven in order, by sliding the wedge element on the knife 12 in the bracket on the knife 14, the knife 12 is automatically aligned parallel to the knife 14.

Similarly, the knife 10 is aligned with the knife 12. Analogous to the advance of the knives 12 and 10 and possibly further arranged knives, the knives present on the right of the knife 14 proceed from the knife 16. This knife slides on with its bracket the wedge element 20 on the knife 14 until the outer leg of the bracket rests on the central portion of constant width of the wedge element and thus the knife 16 assumes a parallel position with respect to the knife 14. The movement of the knife 18 and any knives adjoining this knife take place accordingly.

A guide knife is therefore determined at the beginning of the knife advance depending on the circumstances. This guide knife is first advanced and advanced in the desired direction with the help of hydraulic presses which are arranged on adjacent knives. Then the knives are advanced continuously to the right and left of the guide knife. Here, the U-shaped guides on one side of the knife cooperate with the wedge element attached to the neighboring knife, so that the advancing knife automatically aligns itself with the knife that has already been driven and comes into a position parallel to it. It is therefore sufficient to steer just any knife of the entire knife shield in the desired direction. All of the knives located to the right and left of this guide knife are then automatically brought into the direction determined by the guide knife during advance, without the need to report any deviated knives.

5 shows a cross section through two knives 50 and 52. In the case of the guide bracket 54 arranged on the left side surface of the knife 52, the inner surfaces 56 and 58 of the upwardly directed legs 60 and 62 are rounded. The outer surfaces 64 and 66 of wedge surfaces 68 and 70 of a wedge element 72 are also rounded in order to reduce frictional forces and constraints between the bracket 54 and the wedge element 72. The wedge element 72 is via a cantilever plate 74 attached to the knife 50.

6 shows a cross section through two knives 80, 82, which are arranged in the region of a curvature of a tunnel cross section. A wedge element 84 is fastened to the knife 80 and a guide bracket 86 is fastened to the knife 82. A wedge 90 is arranged between the wedge element 84 and the side wall 88 of the knife 80 and a wedge 94 is arranged between the side wall 92 of the knife 82 and the guide bracket 86, whereby the contact surfaces of the guide bracket 86 and the wedge element 84 run parallel to one another, although the knife 82 is pivoted to the knife 80.

In the arrangements shown in the figures, a guide bracket is arranged on one side of each knife and a wedge element on the other side of each knife. However, it is also possible to provide wedge elements on one knife on both sides and, accordingly, only guide brackets on adjacent knives on both sides. The storage and replacement of knives, which have a guide bracket on one side and a wedge element on the other, is easier and therefore preferable.

The device for excavation and support in the excavation and / or prefabricated area shown in FIG. 7 consists of knives 110 to 136 which are connected to one another on their longitudinal sides and form the shape of a hood. Lifting devices 138 and 140 in the form of hydraulic piston / cylinder units are provided on the sole-side knives 110 and 136. While the knives 110 to 136 are being driven, they are supported by two support arches 142, 144. The guide arch 144 lies in the advancing direction in front of the guide arch 142. Lifting devices 146, 148 in the form of piston / cylinder units are arranged on the sole-side ends of the guide arch 142 (as well as the guide arch 144). The units 146 and 148 are fastened on base plates 150, 152, on which guide cylinders 154, 156 are arranged. Guide pins 158, 160, which are fastened to the ends of the support arch, engage in these guide cylinders 154 and 156. With the help of the guides and the base plate, horizontal forces can be dissipated into the sole. Angled support struts 162 and 164 are arranged on the sole-side ends of the guide arch 142, the lower ends of which lie over rails 168, 170 laid on the sole 166. When the support bracket 142 is lowered, the ends of the struts 162 and 164 come into contact with the rails 168 and 170, while at the same time by retracting the pistons of the piston / cylinder units 146 and 148, the plates 150 and 152 together with the guide cylinders 154 and 156 to be raised. In this state, the guide arches 142 and 144 can be moved in the forward direction in order to lower the plates 150 and 152 onto the sole 166 again at the new locations by extending the pistons of the piston / cylinder units 146 and 148, and the guide arches 142 and 144 to in contact with the underside of the knives 110 to 136. During the lowering and movement of the guide arches 142 and 144, the knives are 110 to 136 self-supporting, that is, due to their mutual connection at the longitudinal edges, rock pressure forces are transmitted into the bottom-side knives 110 and 136 and there via the piston / cylinder units 138 and 140 into the bottom. With the device according to the invention, only two guide arches or support frames are required, since when the system is at rest, ie when all the knives 110 to 136 have been driven forward, the knives are self-supporting and absorb the rock pressure and discharge them into the sole.

8 to 11 show the different steps during an excavation of a tunnel section with simultaneous finishing. The support frames or guide arches 142 and 144 which are connected to one another via piston / cylinder units 180 are arranged in a position under the knives 110 to 136 (knife 124 is shown), from which the knives are driven for the further outbreak. The ends 182 of the knives simultaneously form the formwork for the extension 184. In the position shown in FIG. 9, all knives are advanced by the amount a, so that the support frame 142 is located at the end of the knives. By actuating the piston / cylinder units on the sole-side ends of the arc 142, the arc 142 is lowered, the knives 110 to 136 simultaneously supporting one another and becoming self-supporting. By pulling in the piston of the piston / cylinder unit 180, the guide arch 142 is displaced towards the guide arch 144. In the next possible position of the guide bow 142 to the guide bow 144, the piston / cylinder units of the guide bow 142 are actuated again and the guide bow 142 is raised, whereby it comes into contact with the underside of the knives 110 to 136. Thereafter, the guide bow 144 is lowered and moved by advancing the piston of the piston / cylinder unit 180 in the direction of advance until it comes under the front end of the knife. The position can be seen from FIG. in which the guide arch 144 has been raised again so that it can take over the guidance of the knives to be re-driven together with the guide arch 142. As can be seen from FIGS. 8 to 11, the guide arches 142 and 144 are alternately in a support and in a traveling position. The support elements arranged between the individual knives are only effective when all knives 110 to 136 of the hood have been displaced and in this stage the knife hood takes over the function of a self-supporting unit. During the advance of the knives, the self-supporting function of the knife hood is canceled in order to enable the relative mobility of the knives among one another in the circumferential direction of the knife hood, which is required for cornering and directional corrections.

The formation of the mutual connection of the knives on the long sides can be seen from FIGS. 12 and 13. 12 shows a top view, for example, of the longitudinal edges of the knives 122 and 124 arranged next to one another. Approximately in the region of the position on that of the guide arch 144 in FIG. 8 and in the region of the position of the guide arch 142 in FIG. 9 are on the longitudinal sides of the knives 122 and 124 support members 190 and 192, respectively. Each of the knives 110 to 136 has, for example, a short support member 190 on its right longitudinal side and an elongated support member 192 on its left longitudinal side. Only the sole-side knives 110 and 136 are formed on one side only with a corresponding support member.

The support member 190 arranged on the right side of the knife 122 is U-shaped in cross section with a base leg 194 and two legs 196 and 198 protruding therefrom. The leg 196 is welded to the longitudinal side wall 200 of the knife 122, for example. In the leg 198 of the support member 190 is one screw 202 can be screwed in and out, which is indicated by the arrow 204. The screw 202 has a hemispherical head 206 in order to come into point contact with the support member 192.

The elongated (the length corresponds well to twice the advance length of the knife) support member 192, which is approximately T-shaped in cross section with a leg 208 and a cross leg 210 is with one end of the cross leg 208 on the longitudinal side wall 212 of the knife 124, for example by welding attached. The cross leg 210 has an area 114 of constant width on the side facing the support screw 202, to which run-up ramps 216 and 218 are connected on both sides. The free end of the leg 208 has a central region 220 with a constant width, to which run-up ramps 222 and 224 are also connected on both sides. The area 220 and the run-up ramps 222 and 224 are semicircular in cross section, so that a linear load is achieved with the inside of the leg 196 of the support member 190.

The rounded or hemispherical design of the head 206 of the screw 202 and the cross-sectionally semicircular design of the run-up ramps 222 and 224 and of the central region 220 enable defined mutual support of the knives with one another when knives are rotated relative to one another in the arcuate course of the support frames 142, 144 .

If the knife 124 is advanced while the knife 122 is resting on the guide arches 142 and 144, the areas 214 and 220 of constant width of the support member 192 come out of contact with the guide screw 202 and the leg 196 of the support member 190, respectively, which makes a relative free Mobility of the knife 124 is reached. It is thus possible to control the knife 124 during the advance in such a way that a deviation of the advance hood from a straight line, ie cornering, can be carried out. In order to achieve such a curve, an adjustable pressure device is provided on the neighboring knives on the right and left of the knife to be driven first, so that the direction of advance of the knife moving first can be controlled during its advance. Due to the arrangement of the run-up ramps and the areas of constant width, all other knives must inevitably follow the knife driven first and brought in the right direction, so that after all knives have been propelled, the support members again assume the positions shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 which the knives are in direct contact with one another laterally, so that they can take on their self-supporting function when the support frame or guide arches are moved.

Knives or knife-like formwork planks with lateral support members and guide arches can also be used in the concreting area of a tunnel in the same way as in the excavation area. Due to the self-supporting function of the knives or formwork planks, an obstructive support or a scaffolding can be dispensed with.

Claims (24)

1. Knife shield driving device for excavation and support in the excavation and / or ready-to-use area when erecting tunnels, tunnels, shafts or the like the guide arches supporting the knives are provided, characterized in that the guides on the jacking knives (10-18) consist of wedge elements (30) guided in brackets (20). 2. Knife shield driving device according to claim 1, characterized in that the brackets (20) are U-shaped, and that on the wedge elements (30) a section (26) is provided, the width of which is approximately the distance between the legs (26, 28) of the U-bracket (20) corresponds. 3. Knife shield driving device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the wedge elements (30) tapering starting from the section (26) formed as a central section of constant width to both ends. 4. Knife shield driving device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that on each driving knife (10-18) on one side a bracket (20) and on the other side a wedge element (30) is arranged. 5. Knife shield driving device according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a bracket is arranged on every second jacking knife on each side and a wedge element on each intermediate jacking knife on each side. 6. Knife shield driving device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the U-bracket (20) is open towards the top and that the wedge element (30) from above between the legs (26, 28) of the bracket (20th ) takes effect. 7. Knife shield driving device according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the wedge element (30) via a cantilever plate (32) on the longitudinal side of the jacking knife (10-18) is attached. 8. Knife shield driving device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that in the region of curvature of a tunnel cross section between the U-bracket (86) and the side wall of the tunneling knife (82) and between the wedge element (84) and the side wall (88) of the jacking knife (80) wheel chocks (94, 90) are arranged. 9. Knife shield driving device according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the contacting inner surfaces (56, 58) of the bracket legs (60, 62) and outer surfaces (64, 66) of the wedge element (72) are rounded. 10. Knife shield driving device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in the front region of each tunneling knife (10-18) there is provided a fastening device for a pressure device (34, 36) acting on an adjacent tunneling knife. 11. Knife shield driving device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the guides (22, 24) of the wedge elements (30) have the same length or that the front guide (22) of the wedge element (30) is longer than the rear one Leadership (24) or vice versa. 12. Knife shield driving device, characterized in that the knives (110 to 136) are arranged in the form of a hood, and that the knives (110 to 136) are mutually supported via lateral support members and are self-supporting without a connection on the sole side. 13. Knife shield driving device according to claim 12, characterized in that on one side of each knife (110 to 136) a long, cross-sectionally T-shaped support member (192) with a downward transverse leg (210) and on the other side of each knife a short, cross-sectionally U-shaped support member (190) with upwardly directed legs (196, 198) is arranged that the T-shaped support member (192) of a knife (124) into the U-shaped support member (190) of an adjacent one Knife (122) engages, and that wedge-shaped run-up ramps (216, 218; 222, 224) are arranged on the T-shaped support member (192) starting from central sections of constant width (214, 220). 14. Knife shield driving device according to claim 13, characterized in that an adjustable contact element (202) is arranged on the U-shaped support member (190). 15. Knife shield driving device according to claim 13 and 14, characterized in that the central section (220) and the run-up ramps (222, 224) of the support member (192) and the head (206) of the adjustable contact element (202) of the support member (190 ) are semicircular in cross section. 16. Knife shield driving device according to one of claims 12 to 15, characterized in that in each case in the front and rear region of each knife (110 to 136) support members (190, 192) are arranged. 17. Knife shield driving device according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that lifting devices (138, 140) acting on the sole-side knives (110, 136) are arranged transversely to the longitudinal direction of the knives. 18. Knife shield driving device according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that lifting devices (146, 148) are arranged on the guide arches or support frames (142, 144) at the ends on the sole side. 19. Knife shield driving device according to one of claims 12 to 18, characterized in that guide elements (158, 160) are arranged on the sole-side ends of the support frame (142, 144), which are arranged in floor plates (150, 152) guides (154 , 156) intervene. 20. Knife shield driving device according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in that the base plates (150, 152) are connected to the lifting devices (146, 148). 21. Knife shield driving device according to one of claims 12 to 20, characterized in that on the sole-side ends of the support frame (142, 144) engaging and displaceable struts (162, 164) in guides (168, 170) which can be laid on the sole (166) ) are provided. 22. Knife shield driving device according to one of claims 12 to 21, characterized in that two support frames (142, 144) connected via pressure devices (180) are provided. 23. A method of excavating and / or finishing tunnels, tunnels, shafts or the like. Elongated structures, knives supported by support frames or guide arches being driven one after the other and after the advance of all knives the support frames continue, in particular with a device according to claims 1 to 22, characterized in that when the system is at rest or after all the knives have been fed, the knives move in brought mutual side system and become self-supporting, that the support frame are lowered and continue, and that after lifting the support frame, the knives are driven again. 24. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that the knives are supported on both sides of the sole.

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