Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
  • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
  • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
  • E02F3/96—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements
  • E02F3/966—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements of hammer-type tools
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
  • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
  • B25D11/00—Portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
  • B25D11/06—Means for driving the impulse member
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
  • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
  • B25D17/00—Details of, or accessories for, portable power-driven percussive tools
  • B25D17/28—Supports; Devices for holding power-driven percussive tools in working position
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
  • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
  • B28D1/26—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by impact tools, e.g. by chisels or other tools having a cutting edge
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
  • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
  • E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
  • E01C23/06—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road
  • E01C23/12—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for taking-up, tearing-up, or full-depth breaking-up paving, e.g. sett extractor
  • E01C23/122—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for taking-up, tearing-up, or full-depth breaking-up paving, e.g. sett extractor with power-driven tools, e.g. oscillated hammer apparatus
  • E01C23/124—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for taking-up, tearing-up, or full-depth breaking-up paving, e.g. sett extractor with power-driven tools, e.g. oscillated hammer apparatus moved rectilinearly, e.g. road-breaker apparatus with reciprocating tools, with drop-hammers
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
  • E04G23/08—Wrecking of buildings

Definitions

• This invention relates to a method and apparatus for breaking comppsite material such as cement into a plurality of pieces.
• demolition apparatus Numerous types of apparatus have been devised for breaking surfaces such as concrete or asphalt pavement. Such apparatus may be referred to as demolition apparatus.
• Patents 3,319,724 and 3,358,779. These known demolitio'n apparatus are attached to a boom of an earthmoving machine for support of the apparatus. These known apparatus require a separate motor for operation thereof.
• Demolition apparatus of this invention is adapted to be attached to a boom or boom arm of any suitable machine, such as an earthmoving machine.
• the demolition apparatus is operable by movement of the boom of the machine and does not require separate motor means ' for operation of the demolition apparatus.
• the demolition apparatus compresses a housing which is attachable to the boom of a machine.
• An axially movable power plunger which extends from the housing.
• a power spring urges the power plunger in a direction from the housing.
• An axially movable actuator plunger extends from the housing.
• a latch member is pivotally attached to the actuator plunger and engages a portion of the power plunger and normally maintains the position of the power plunger with respect to the actuator plunger.
• the housing is moved toward a pavement or wall or the like which is to be demolished. As the housing is moved toward the pavement, the actuator plunger comes into engagement with the surface to be-demolished. However, the power plunger is spaced from the surface.
• the actuator plunger remains in engagement with the pavement, and the latch which is attached to the actuator plunger remains in engagement with the power plunger and maintains the position of the power plunger with respect to the surface. Therefore, continued movement of the housing toward the surface causes the actuator plunger and the power plunger to be positioned upwardly within the housing. Such relative movement between the power plunger and the housing is against the forces of the power spring.
• a holding pressure is exerted on the first surface of the material in a direction generally toward the second surface of the composite material.
• the holding pressure is increased to generate tensile forces within the first thickness portion and along the surface of a slab of material to be broken. This increased magnitude holding pressure is maintained on the material while the first surface is impacted in a direction generally toward the second surface at a location spaced from the location of said holding pressure.
• Fig. 1 is a side elevational view of a boom and boom arm of an earthmoving machine, showing a bucket attached to the boom arm for movement and operation with movement of the boom and the boom arm.
• Fig. 2 is a side elevational view showing the demolition apparatus attached to the boom arm, replacing the bucket.
• the demolition apparatus is shown supported by the boom arm in a position spaced from a pavement to be demolished. In this figure the pavement is shown in section.
• Fig. 3 is a side elevational view showing the boom and the boom arm of Figs. 1 and 2. This figure shows the actuator plunger of the demolition apparatus in engagement with a pavement surface.
• Fig. 4 is a side elevational view showing a portion of the boom arm of the machine, with the demolition apparatus attached thereto and showing the positions of the power plunger and actuator plunger at the instant of release of the power plunger for striking action.
• Fig. 5 is a side elevational view, similar to Fig. 4, but illustrating downward striking action of the power plunger.
• Fig. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view illustrating demolition -action created by successive operations of the power plunger of the demolition apparatus.
• Fig. 7 is an enlarged side sectional view illustrating the position of the plungers of the demolition apparatus as shown in Figs. 2 and 3, as the demolition apparatus is being moved downwardly toward a surface for demolition thereof.
• Fig. 8 is an enlarged sectional view similar to Fig. 7 but showing the position of the plungers during further downward movement of the housing and as the actuator plunger engages a surface to be demolished.
• Fig. 9 is a fragmentary sectional view drawn on substantially the same scale as Figs. 7 and 8, and illustrating the positions of the elements and members of the demolition apparatus at the instant the power plunger is released for downward striking travel toward a surface for demolition thereof.
• Fig. 10 is a sectional view similar to Figs. 7 and 8 and illustrating striking action of the power plunger after release thereof.
• Figs. 1, 2, and 3 show a portion of a machine operation unit 20 which may be a tractor or carrier vehicle or the like, herein shown as an earthmoving machine. Pivotally attached to the operation unit 20 is a boom 22. Pivotally attached to the boom 22 by means of a connection unit 24 is a boom or force arm 26.
• a linearly operable fluid motor 34 is pivotally attached to the operation unit 20 and to the connection unit 30.
• a linearly operable fluid motor 36 is pivotally attached to the connection unit 30 and has a piston rod 38 extending therefrom.
• the piston rod 38 is pivoitally attached to the connection unit 24.
• a linearly operable fluid motor 40 is pivotally attached to the connection unit 24 and has a piston rod 44 extending therefrom.
• a lever 46 is pivotally attached to the end of the piston rod 44. The lever 46 is also pivotally attached to the arm 26 adjacent the end thereof.
• the boom arm 26 has a bucket 50 pivotally attached thereto adjacent the»end thereof for movement and operation by the operation unit 20.
• the bucket 50 is also pivotally attached to a link 52.
• the link 52 is also pivotally attached to the lever 46.
• the fluid motors 34, 36, and 40 are operated by control means, not shown, carried by the operation unit 20.
• the boom 22, the boom arm 26, and the bucket 50 are moved by operation of the operation unit 20.
• the demolition apparatus 60 of this invention When it is desired to attach demolition apparatus 60 of this invention to the boom arm 26, the bucket 50 is removed from the arm 26 and from the link 52.
• the demolition apparatus 60 of this invention includes a housing 64 which is provided with a bracket 62 which is pivotally attached to the end portion of the force arm 26 and to the link 52.
• a power plunger 68 which has an end 69.
• the power plunger 68 is mounted at the opposite ends of the housing 64 and extends from both of the opposite ends of the housing 64.
• the power plunger 68 is axially movable with respect to the housing 64.
• a cushion 70 within the housing 64 at the lower end thereof is a cushion 70.
• the power plunger 68 extends through the cushion 70. Encompassing the power plunger 68 and firmly secured thereto is a collar 72.
• a resilient or biasing member preferably in the form of a coil spring 76, for longitudinally biasing the power plunger 68 relative to the housing 64 and in a direction toward said end 69 of the power plunger 68.
• an actuator plunger 80 mounted within the housing 64 is an actuator plunger 80 which has an end 81.
• the actuator plunger 80 extends from both ends of the housing 64 and extends through the cushion 70.
• the actuator plunger 80 is axially movable with respect to the housing 64 between a first position (Fig. 7) and a second position (Figs. 8 & 9).
• Firmly secured to the actuator plunger 80 intermediate the ends thereof is a base 82.
• a lug 84 is secured to the base 82.
• Pivotally attached to the lug 84 and to the actuator plunger 80 is a latch 86.
• the latch 86 has an engagement portion 86e which is positioned adjacent the power plunger 68.
• a control spring 89 is compressed between the base 82 and the latch 86 and urges pivotal movement of the latch 86 in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in Figs. 7-10.
• the lug 84 is provided with a stop portion 84e which limits counterclockwise pivotal movement of the latch 86 to the position thereof shown in Figs. 7 and 8.
• the spring means 77 for longitudinally biasing the power plunger 68 relative to the housing 64 and in a direction toward said end 69 of said power plunger 68 includes the spring 76, collar 72.
• the means 83 for compressing said spring means 77 in response to moving the actuator plunger 80 from the first toward the second position and releasing said spring means 77 in response to the power plunger 68 having been moved toward the housing 64 a distance greater than said preselected distance (D) includes base 82, lug 84, lug portion 84e, latch 86, latch engagement porton 86e, coil spring 89, lug stop portion 84e, and abutment member 90.
• the "trigger" mechanism which consists of the latch 86, collar 72, and abutment member 90, can be of other construction without departing from this invention.
• the demolition apparatus 60 of this invention easily and readily replaces the bucket 50 which is shown attached to the boom arm 26.
• the bracket 62 of the housing 64 is pivotally attached to the end portion of the boom arm 26 and to the link 52. Movement of the boom 22 and the boom arm 26 thus moves the demolition apparatus.
• the boom 22 and the boom arm 26 are operated to move the demolition apparatus 60 toward the surface to be demolished, as illustrated in Fig. 2.
• the actuator plunger 80 and the power plunger 68 are normally in their maximum extension positions, as shown in Figs. 2, 3, and 7. In this position, the power plunger 68 is spaced upwardly with respect to the actuator plunger 80.
• the actuator plunger 80 is brought into engagement with the pavement 96, as illustrated in Fig. 3.
• the engagement portion 86e of the latch 86 which is attached to the actuator plunger 86 is in engagement with the collar 72, which is secured to the power plunger 68.
• the housing 64 is moved downward but the actuator plunger 80 and the power plunger 68 do not move. Therefore, there is relative movement between the plungers 80 and 68 and the housing 64.
• This downward movement of the housing 64 is against the compression forces of the spring 76 which encircles the power plunger 68 and which engages the collar 72 and the housing 64.
• This downward movement of the housing 64 continues until the abutment member 90 within the housing 64 engages the latch 86 which is carried by the actuator plunger 80, as shown in Fig. 9. This is at a location at which the power plunger 68 has been moved toward and relative to the housing 64 a distance greater than preselected distance "D".
• the latch 86 is pivotally moved against the force of the control spring 89 and becomes disengaged from the collar 72 which. is secured to the power plunger 68, as illustrated in Fig. 9.
• the power spring 76 immediately forces the power plunger 68 downwardly at a high rate and with a significant force, as illustrated in Figs. 9 and 10.
• the power plunger 68 strikes the pavement 96 and crushes and breaks the pavement 96, as illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6.
• the collar 72 engages the cushion 70.
• the demolition apparatus 60 is then again raised by the arm 26 and the boom 22, and the demolition apparatus 60 is moved to an adjacent position above the pavement 96.
• the housing 64 is again moved downwardly for engagement of the actuator plunger 80 with the pavement 96, and the operation is repeated to cause the power plunger 68 to strike the pavement in several adjacent locations.
• the pavement is broken and demolished, as illustrated in Fig. 6.
• the demolition apparatus of this invention is operated without the use of a special motor for operation thereof. Movement of the boom arm 26 and the boom 22 with respect to the surface to be demolished causes operation of the demolition apparatus 60.
• the boom 22 and the boom arm 26 are operated to change the angle of the housing 64.
• the demolition apparatus 60 can be employed to demolish a surface which is substantially horizontal or a surface which is substantially vertical or a surface having any other angle.
• a return spring on the actuator plunger 80 it is necessary to employ a return spring on the actuator plunger 80 for ease of operation.
• Another apsect of the invention resides in the method of breaking into a plurality of pieces a sheet of pavement or composite material 96 having (as shown in Figs. 4 and 5) opposed first and second surfaces 102,103, a thickness, a first thickness portion 104 containing said first surface 102, and a second thickness portion 106 containing said second surface 103 and wherein said composite material 96 has greater strength in compression than in tension.
• An example of such composite material 96 is concrete containing Portland cement.
• a holding pressure is exerted on the first surface of the composite material 96 in a direction generally toward the second surface 103.
• the holding pressure is then increased to a magnitude sufficient to generate tensile force ' s within said first thickness portion 104 and along said first surface 102.
• the increased magnitude holding pressure is maintained while impacting the first surface 102 in a direction generally toward said second surface and at a location spaced from the location of said holding pressure.
• the holding or concrete bending pressure is exerted by actuator plunger 80 and the impacting force is exerted by power plunger 68.
• the increased magnitude holding or bending pressures exerted on the concrete are naturally a function of the thickness of the concrete desired to be broken.
• the majority of concrete generally desired to be removed falls within a thickness of 12 inches or less.
• Preferred increased magnitude holding pressures are therefore in the range of about 600 psi to about 150 psi.
• This pressure is preferably exerted by a holding element or actuator plunger 80 having an end whose area is greater than about 7 square inches.
• the upper surface of the concrete is not sufficiently stressed and breaking is undersirably inefficient and wastes manpower and expense.
• the concrete is unnecessarily stressed which represents an undesirable waste of manpower and expense.
• the holding element has a surface area less than the preferred range
• the concrete first surface is subjected to undesirable shear forces arid where the surface is greater than that preferred area
• the apparatus wastes material utilized for its construction and requires unnecessary power to move and handle the apparatus.
• the distance between the holding force and the impact force should be greater than one inch and the concrete should be impacted at intervals not less than 5 inches from one another in order to break the concrete efficiently and effectively. At lesser distances apart an undesirable shearing action is produced and at less distances between impacts there is a waste of resources by over fracturing the concrete and/or failing to efficiently utilize the optimum lateral extent of concrete crack propogation.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
• Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
• Shovels (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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ID=25259155

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• 1986
  • 1986-12-24 WO PCT/US1986/002760 patent/WO1987005064A1/en active IP Right Grant
  • 1986-12-24 DE DE8787900576T patent/DE3670324D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1986-12-24 JP JP62500561A patent/JPH07109083B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1986-12-24 EP EP19870900576 patent/EP0258275B1/de not_active Expired
• 1987
  • 1987-02-19 CA CA000530069A patent/CA1276083C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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