EP0257670B1 - Procédé et appareillage pour le dépôt des alliages de friction - Google Patents

Procédé et appareillage pour le dépôt des alliages de friction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0257670B1
EP0257670B1 EP87201324A EP87201324A EP0257670B1 EP 0257670 B1 EP0257670 B1 EP 0257670B1 EP 87201324 A EP87201324 A EP 87201324A EP 87201324 A EP87201324 A EP 87201324A EP 0257670 B1 EP0257670 B1 EP 0257670B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
porous pad
bearing
alloy
anode
process according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87201324A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0257670A1 (fr
Inventor
David Raymond Eastham
John Keith Dept. Of Mechanical And Dennis
Michael Turner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AE PLC
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AE PLC
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Publication date
Application filed by AE PLC filed Critical AE PLC
Priority to AT87201324T priority Critical patent/ATE67528T1/de
Publication of EP0257670A1 publication Critical patent/EP0257670A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0257670B1 publication Critical patent/EP0257670B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/04—Electroplating with moving electrodes
    • C25D5/06—Brush or pad plating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/10—Bearings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to alloys suitable for bearing applications and particularly to a process suitable for depositing such alloys.
  • overlays have been applied to bearings by electroplating techniques they have conventionally been applied by plating in well-known plating vats or baths with the bearings being totally immersed in the plating solution.
  • overlays comprising, for example, lead or tin-based alloys
  • fluoroborate plating baths which are highly acidic in nature or in other, also highly acidic, plating solutions.
  • Such plating methods involve a lengthy series of process steps. Firstly the bearing surface must be cleaned and provided with what is normally known as a zincate layer to inhibit reoxidation of the cleaned aluminium alloy surface and to promote adhesion of the subsequent interlayer.
  • An interlayer, often of nickel, copper or an alloy based on one of these metals is plated on top of the zincate layer. The primary purpose of the interlayer is to protect the zincate layer from corrosive attack by the fluoroborate or other acidic plating solution from which the overlay alloy is to be deposited.
  • a process for the electro-deposition of a uniform coating thickness of an overlay-type alloy selected from the group comprising Pb-based alloys, Sn-based alloys, Pb-Sn, Pb-Sn-Cu, Pb-Sb, Sn-Sb, Sn-Ni, Sn-Cd, Sn-Co, Sn, Sn-Cu, Pb, Pb-In, In, Sn-In, Sn-Sb-Cu and Cd-Ni onto a bearing material
  • the process comprising the steps of cleaning the bearing material surface, providing relative motion between the bearing material surface and a porous pad in contact with the surface, providing a flow of electroplating solution to the porous pad which is in contact with the bearing material surface whilst applying a voltage difference between the bearing material surface which is cathodic and an anode connected to the porous pad characterised in that the bearing material is aluminium or an aluminium alloy and the overlay is deposited directly onto the surface.
  • the method is generally known as brush plating and is described in GB-A-760,016 but, however, has not been used for the deposition of lead, tin or cadmium based overlays directly to the surface of an aluminium alloy bearing material.
  • Relative velocity between anode and surface being plated preferably lies within the range 0.05 to 2 m.s. ⁇ 1 and more preferably in the range 0.1 to 1m.s. ⁇ 1.
  • the porous pad may comprise a covering on the anode.
  • the method has proved to show unexpected benefits in the plating of overlays onto aluminium-based bearing alloys. It has been unexpectedly found possible to deposit overlays directly onto the aluminium alloy substrate without the need for pre-treatments such as zincating and, therefore, without the need for interlayers such as nickel. Furthermore, the method of the present invention reduces the number of cleaning stages to two instead of six as in a conventional plating bath method. This latter benefit clearly has important consequences on the size and cost of the plating plant required and also on the actual processing costs.
  • the bearings may be held in cylindrical pairs and rotated about their axis.
  • the electrolyte may be supplied to the outside of the porous material or may be supplied by passing through the material from the inside, for example, via the anode itself.
  • the anode may be cylindrical and mounted on a swinging arm which biasses the anode against the bearing surface to be plated.
  • the apparatus comprises a clean and etch tank denoted generally at 10, wash tanks denoted generally at 11 and 12 and a brush plating tank denoted generally at 13. Bearings to be plated 14 are held in a jig 15 which is mounted on a plate 16 which is itself fixed to a shaft 17 of a motor 18.
  • the motor 18 is mounted on threaded shafts 19 which are adapted to move the motor 18 and bearing jig 15 in a direction parallel to the axis of the motor shaft 17.
  • the threaded shafts 19 are themselves part of a gantry 20 having grooved wheels 21 which co-operate with rails 22 which support the gantry 20 for transverse motion with respect to the row of tanks 10, 11, 12 and 13.
  • the gantry 20 is moved along the rails 22 by a chain drive 23 which is controlled by sprockets driven by an electric motor (not shown) having known control means (not shown).
  • the motor 18 is moved parallel to the direction of the shaft 17 by means of the threaded shafts 19 which co-operate with threaded holes in a mounting block 30.
  • the motor is moved by rotation of the shafts 19 which are driven by pulleys 31 and 32 linked by a toothed belt 33, the pulley 32 being driven by an electric motor 34 having known control means (not shown).
  • the clean and etch tank 10 and the plating tank 13 and their associated systems comprise lower collector troughs 40 and upper splash guards 41.
  • Clean and etch or plating solutions are supplied to the tanks 10 and 13 from reservoirs 42 pumped at a controlled rate by peristaltic pumps 43 through conduits 44. Used solutions are returned to the reservoirs 42 from the collector troughs 40 via drain conduits 45, pumps 46 and refrigeration units 47. Solutions are supplied via the conduits 44 to a cylindrical plating brush 50 which comprises a central core 51 of graphite forming the anode the graphite being covered with a sleeve 52 of Selvyt cloth (trade mark). The anode may also comprise non-reactive metals such as, for example, platinum.
  • the brush 50 is mounted on a swinging arm 53 which is pivoted on a shaft 54 held in a support pillar 55.
  • a motor and clutch unit 56 adapted to move the brush 50 through an arc to bring it into contact with the bore of the bearings 14 to be plated at a controlled load.
  • the wash tanks 11 and 12 have lower collector troughs 60 and upper splash guards 61.
  • the troughs 60 have drain conduits 62 connected to a manifold 63 to take away waste water.
  • Clean wash water is supplied from a pump 64 via a manifold 65 to conduits 66. Water is allowed to access the bearings 14 through conduits 67 by operation of solenoid valves 68.
  • Suitable electrical contacts 70 are provided to make the bearing surface cathodic.
  • a known power supply 71 is also provided to control both voltage, current and time; the power supply 71 also has the facility to change polarity of the electrodes.
  • the bearings 14 were then advanced into the clean and etch tank 10 to allow penetration of the brush 50 into the jig 15.
  • the bearings were then rotated at 120 rev./min. with the bearings anodic at 9 volts whilst 10% hydrochloric acid was pumped into the region where the bearing surface and Selvyt cloth contacted. This was continued for 2 minutes at a current of about 8 amps.
  • the polarity of the bearings was then reversed to cathodic and the process repeated for a further 2 minutes under the same conditions.
  • the bearings were then withdrawn from the tank 10 and the gantry 20 advanced to the wash tank 11 where they were rinsed with clean water with the bearings rotating at 40 rev./min.
  • the bearings were then advanced to the plating tank 13 where they were plated with a Sn-Co overlay.
  • the plating solution used comprised 50 gm/lit stannous sulphate, 40 gm/lit cobalt sulphate, 50 gm/lit sodium heptonate and the pH was adjusted to 2 by means of acetic acid.
  • the jig and bearings were rotated at 120 rev./min. with a plating solution flow of approximately 0.2cm 3-1 sec. and a brush pressure of approximately 20 gm/cm ⁇ 2.
  • the bearings were cathodic at a potential of about 15v with an initial current flow of 8A rising to about 16A.
  • the bearings were plated for a time sufficient to deposit between 20 and 25 um of overlay. The bearings were then rinsed in tank 12 and dried.
  • the resulting overlay possessed an average of 8% Co in the Sn matrix.
  • the resulting plated bearings were tested in a known "Sapphire" testing machine which measures the fatigue rating of the overlay.
  • the testing schedule comprised the following procedure and conditions: Shaft speed 2800 rev./min.
  • Initial load 62 MPa Load increased after 20 hours at each load by 7 MPa until failure
  • Oil temperature 80°C Sinusoidal load pattern Test results of 97, 103, 103, 90 and 90 MPa were obtained on the bearings produced by the method described.
  • the electrolyte may be supplied into the plated surface and anode gap or via the anode itself.
  • the method of the present invention could be applied to the plating of continuous strip with overlay.
  • the overlay coated strip may then be processed into bearings by known techniques.
  • Such a process may alleviate one of the most serious drawbacks of the plating of bearings which is the labour intensive and, therefore, costly step of jigging and dejigging bearings before and after plating.
  • the method of the present invention may be applied to many other overlay metals and alloy systems, examples of which may include Pb-Sn, Pb-Sn-Cu, Pb-Sb, Sn-Sb, Sn-Ni, Sn-Cd, Sn, Sn-Cu, Pb, Pb-In, In, Sn-In, Sn-Sb-Cu, Cd-Ni.

Claims (10)

  1. Procédé pour déposition par l'électrolyse d'une épaisseur de revêtement uniforme d'un alliage de revêtement ou "overlay", choisi parmi le groupe comprenant des alliages à base de Pb, des alliages à base de Sn, Pb-Sn, Pb-Sn-Cu, Pb-Sb, Sn-Sb, Sn-Ni, Sn-Cd, Sn-Co, Sn, Sn-Cu, Pb, Pb-In, In, Sn-In, Sn-Sb-Cu et Cd-Ni sur un palier ou coussinet, le procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à nettoyer la surface du palier au coussinet, assurer un mouvement relatif entre la surface de palier et un tampon poreux (52) en contact avec la surface, assurer un flux de solution d'électroplacage sur le tampom poreux qui est en contact avec la surface du palier tout en appliquant une tension différentielle entre la surface du palier qui est cathodique et une anode reliée au tampon poreux, caractérisé en ce que la matière du palier de l'aluminium ou un alliage d'aluminium et le revêtement ou "overlay" est déposé directement sur la surface.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la solution de placage est amenée par le tampon poreux.
  3. Procédé selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la solution de placage est amenée via l'anode (51).
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la vitesse du mouvement relatif entre la surface d'alliage et le tampon poreux se situe dans la plage de 0,05 à 2 m.s⁻¹.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la vitesse se situe dans la plage de 0,1 à 1 m.s⁻¹.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'anode est cylindrique et le tampon poreux est formé par un recouvrement de matière poreuse autour de l'anode, et dans lequel pendant l'électroplacage l'axe de l'anode est transversal par rapport à la direction du mouvement relatif et sensiblement parallèle à la surface de l'alliage.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage du palier est sous forme d'une bande plate.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage du palier est sous forme d'un palier 14 cylindrique ou semi-cylindrique.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le tampon poreux est réalisé à partir d'une matière textile tendre.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les paliers sont maintenus par paires, agencées cylindriquement et mis en rotation autour de leurs axes par rapport au tampon poreux.
EP87201324A 1986-07-19 1987-07-13 Procédé et appareillage pour le dépôt des alliages de friction Expired - Lifetime EP0257670B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87201324T ATE67528T1 (de) 1986-07-19 1987-07-13 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum aufbringen von gleitlager-legierungen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB868617675A GB8617675D0 (en) 1986-07-19 1986-07-19 Deposition of bearing alloys
GB8617675 1986-07-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0257670A1 EP0257670A1 (fr) 1988-03-02
EP0257670B1 true EP0257670B1 (fr) 1991-09-18

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87201324A Expired - Lifetime EP0257670B1 (fr) 1986-07-19 1987-07-13 Procédé et appareillage pour le dépôt des alliages de friction

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0257670B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6328896A (fr)
AT (1) ATE67528T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3773088D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2024494B3 (fr)
GB (2) GB8617675D0 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19500727C1 (de) * 1995-01-12 1996-05-23 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Vorrichtung zum Auftragen elektrochemisch abscheidbarer Schichten
JPH08209384A (ja) * 1995-02-02 1996-08-13 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd 表面処理装置
DE19754221A1 (de) * 1997-12-06 1999-06-17 Federal Mogul Wiesbaden Gmbh Schichtverbundwerkstoff für Gleitlager mit bleifreier Gleitschicht
JP3523197B2 (ja) 1998-02-12 2004-04-26 エーシーエム リサーチ，インコーポレイティド メッキ設備及び方法
GB2336161B (en) 1998-04-06 2003-03-26 John Michael Lowe Method of providing conductive tracks on a printed circuit and apparatus for use in carrying out the method
US6395152B1 (en) 1998-07-09 2002-05-28 Acm Research, Inc. Methods and apparatus for electropolishing metal interconnections on semiconductor devices
US6447668B1 (en) 1998-07-09 2002-09-10 Acm Research, Inc. Methods and apparatus for end-point detection
US7136173B2 (en) 1998-07-09 2006-11-14 Acm Research, Inc. Method and apparatus for end-point detection
US6248222B1 (en) 1998-09-08 2001-06-19 Acm Research, Inc. Methods and apparatus for holding and positioning semiconductor workpieces during electropolishing and/or electroplating of the workpieces
GB0216331D0 (en) 2002-07-13 2002-08-21 Dana Corp Bearings
CN110813657A (zh) * 2019-11-14 2020-02-21 昌河飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 一种孔类零件用氧化刷涂装置及方法

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB760016A (en) * 1953-09-11 1956-10-31 Glacier Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to electroplating
GB1186357A (en) * 1966-09-15 1970-04-02 Metadalic Ltd Methods and Apparatus for Electrolytic Treatment of Continuous Strand Materials
GB1257541A (fr) * 1968-04-03 1971-12-22
US3616285A (en) * 1969-12-31 1971-10-26 Sifco Ind Inc Repair of chromium plated surfaces
US3751343A (en) * 1971-06-14 1973-08-07 A Macula Brush electroplating metal at increased rates of deposition
GB1551212A (en) * 1976-06-11 1979-08-22 Owen S G Ltd Selective electro-plating
EP0003680A1 (fr) * 1978-02-09 1979-08-22 Weldex A.G. Procédé pour dépôt électrolytique à tampon; électrode et électrolyte à cet effet
US4399019A (en) * 1981-07-21 1983-08-16 Imperial Clevite Inc. Ultra-high current density electroplating cell
US4452684A (en) * 1983-03-11 1984-06-05 The Carolinch Company Apparatus for selective electrolytic plating
DE3312905C2 (de) * 1983-04-11 1986-03-27 Battelle-Institut E.V., 6000 Frankfurt Vorrichtung zur galvanischen Innenbeschichtung von Hohlteilen
US4610772A (en) * 1985-07-22 1986-09-09 The Carolinch Company Electrolytic plating apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3773088D1 (de) 1991-10-24
GB2192642B (en) 1990-12-19
JPS6328896A (ja) 1988-02-06
GB2192642A (en) 1988-01-20
GB8617675D0 (en) 1986-08-28
ES2024494B3 (es) 1992-03-01
EP0257670A1 (fr) 1988-03-02
ATE67528T1 (de) 1991-10-15
GB8716477D0 (en) 1987-08-19

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