EP0252968A1 - Ice-combative measures - Google Patents

Ice-combative measures

Info

Publication number
EP0252968A1
EP0252968A1 EP87900840A EP87900840A EP0252968A1 EP 0252968 A1 EP0252968 A1 EP 0252968A1 EP 87900840 A EP87900840 A EP 87900840A EP 87900840 A EP87900840 A EP 87900840A EP 0252968 A1 EP0252968 A1 EP 0252968A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ice
treatment
combative
foam
icing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87900840A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
John Harold Sewell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
UK Secretary of State for Defence
Original Assignee
UK Secretary of State for Defence
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by UK Secretary of State for Defence filed Critical UK Secretary of State for Defence
Publication of EP0252968A1 publication Critical patent/EP0252968A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
    • C09K3/18—Materials not provided for elsewhere for application to surfaces to minimize adherence of ice, mist or water thereto; Thawing or antifreeze materials for application to surfaces
    • C09K3/185—Thawing materials

Definitions

  • ICE-COMBATIVE MEASURES This invention relates to what are called herein ice-combative measures, that is measures for combating icing on the surfaces of aircraft, cars, or other vehicles machinery and structures. This term is intended to embrace measures for combating all forms of frozen water (ice snow frost etc) whether by removal of a deposit (de-icing) or by resisting deposition (anti-icing).
  • ice can be combated by application to a dry or an iced surface of a liquid or solid which is soluble in water and has the property of depressing the freezing point of water when dissolved therein.
  • Both anti-icing and de-icing measures using a liquid freezing point depressant are common place in current commercial air line practice.
  • the liquid having the depressant effect on the freezing point of water is called herein an anti-icing liquid whether it is intended for use in an anti-icing application or in a de-icing application.
  • a liquid comprises an active base ingredient but may also include a diluent, such as water, and other ingredients.
  • holdover time is applied to the estimated time for which an anti-icing treatment will prevent frost ice or snow from forming or accumulating upon protected surfaces of an aircraft under average weather conditions within specified limits. It is known that holdover time can be improved by adding to the anti-icing liquid an ingredient which conveys thixotropic properties. However it is desirable to increase holdover times yet further. It is important also that the anti-icing liquid, whilst staying in place for as long as possible on a stationary aircraft, is removed fully from all vulnerable surfaces by aircraft movement on the ground at speeds below rotation speed.
  • the present invention is an ice-combative treatment comprising forming a stable foam of an anti-icing liquid (as hereinbefore defined) and applying that stable foam to a surface to de-ice that surface or convey anti-icing protection to that surface.
  • 'foam' and 'foamed' are used herein in conventional sense to denote a gas/liquid admixture in which the gas is entrailed within the liquid in bubbles.
  • the term 'stable foam' is used to qualify the resistance of the foam to self decay. The foam must have sufficient such resistance to remain in the foamed condition for a significant period. By foaming the anti-icing liquid its susceptability to run-off is reduced without reliance upon a thickening agent - although for some applications of the invention a thickening agent might still be used. It is anticipated that the treatment of the invention would lead in aircraft usage to an increase in hold-over times without causing any increase in the difficulty of removing the anti-icing liquid residues by aircraft ground movements.
  • the use of the anti-icing treatment of the invention has other beneficial and unforeseen benefits, especially when used as an anti-icing treatment for automobile windscreens etc.
  • the anti-icing liquid has sufficient resistance to run-off evaporation and dilution when suitably foamed that it may be used to give overnight anti-icing protection not possible with conventional products.
  • the foamed anti-icing liquid is frosted after application, it is found that the ice forms from the outer surface inwards and penetrates the foamed liquid only slowly so there usually remains an unfrozen liquid layer adjacent the protected surface which enables the ice to be detatched readily from the protected surface.
  • the foam should have sufficient temporal stability to confer resistance to self decay for the duration of a reasonable anti-icing treatment.
  • a foam stability of 8 hours or more is preferred although a lesser foam stability could have utility in some applications such as de-icing applications.
  • the conventional base used in aircraft de-icing fluid, propylene glycol is not suitable for use in the practice of the invention - at least on its own - because it does not foam easily, if at all. Indeed it can suppress foams produced from other liquids.
  • the alcohol bases used in conventional automobile windscreen de-icing products would not be a suitable base ingredient because of their rapid evaporation.
  • a preferred base ingredient is glycerol. This may be used in admixture with water, in proportions suitable for the temperature protection required, and with foam promoting and or stabilizing ingredients as required. A range of 20-60 weight percent of glycerol is preferred.
  • a foam promoting and/or foam stabilizing agent is incorporated in the anti-icing liquid. It is suggested that up to 5 percent by weight of a suitable surfactant be incorporated as a foam promoting agent.
  • alkyl and alkyl ethoxy sulphate salts of the following: alkali metals, ammonia, lower molecular weight amines and alkanol amines - example of class sodium lauryl ether sulphate; 2. alkyl and alkyl aryl sulphonates - example of class sodium dodecyl benzene sulphonate;
  • amphoteric surfactants for example of class TEGOBETAINE
  • L7 (trade designation) a fatty amido-propyl dimethyl aminoacetic acid betaine (C 11 -C 17 ) 4.
  • amine oxides - example of class EMPIGEN OB (trade designation) NN dimethyl (C 12 -C 14 ) alkyl amine oxide;
  • fatty acids amides eg of the following - mono, di and poly-ethanolamides and polydiethanolamides - example of class coconut fatty acid diethanolamide;
  • alkali salts of fatty acids example of class sodium oleate.
  • sarcosinates - example of class sodium lauryl sarcosinate.
  • a foam stabilizer can be used to increase the resistance of the foamed anti-icing liquid to self decay in order to secure sufficient foam life for utility in the process of the invention. Foam stabilizers can also be adopted in order that the foamed anti-icing liquid is rendered more resistant to external interference by wind and rain.
  • a preferred foam stabilizing agent is methyl cellulose which is a water soluble polymer having both foam stabilizing and promoting action.
  • Alternative foam stabilizers might be found from the following classes: 1. hydrophillic colloids or polymers eg carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginates, also materials which might be generally grouped with these such as proteins, hydrolised proteins and modified starches; and 2. fatty acid esters or ethers of medium to high molecular weight polyethylene glycols, eg polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 6000) distearate.
  • the duration and effectiveness of the treatment of the invention may be predicted and utilised to the full the foam should be produced in such a way that the gas bubbles are of reasonably even size and distribution. Three ways of producing such foams are described herein.
  • a typical bubble size in the sub-millimeter range is preferred.
  • Typical bubble sizes currently utilized are in the range of one half to two thirds of a millimeter. It is envisaged that a typical bubble size which is less than one half millimeter could be more advantageous for commerical scale use.
  • Figure 1 shows a foam generator and dispenser operated by compressed air
  • Figure 2 shows an aerosol canister foam generator and dispenser.
  • Figure 3 shows an industrial scale foam generator and dispenser operated by compressed air.
  • the apparatus shown in Figure 1 is of laboratory scale and comprises a bottle 1 having a removable cap 2 and an outlet tube 3 which connects with the interior of the bottle 1 through the cap 2.
  • Beneath the level of the liquid 4 is a first gas inlet 5 which leads to a porous block diffuser 6.
  • Compressed air is supplied to the bottle 1 through inlet 5 and diffuser 6 from a cylinder or compressor (neither shown).
  • the gas flow rate is controlled by a regulation valve 7.
  • a second gas inlet designated 8 leads to the interior of the bottle 1 at a position above the surface of liquid 4.
  • Compressed air is introduced to the bottle through inlet 8 from a source (not shown) at a flow rate which is controlled by regulation valve 8.
  • a sample of anti-icing liquid is introduced to the bottle 1 to approximately the level shown. Then an airflow Is commenced through Inlets 5 and 8 and the regulation valves are adjusted to create the desired foam flow through the outlet tube 3 and the desired bubble size.
  • the flow through inlet 5 is responsible for foaming the anti-icing liquid.
  • the flow through inlet 8 aids in the creation of the required excess pressure for expulsion of the foam through the outlet tube 3.
  • Alternative diffusers 6 of different pore size can be fitted for variation of the bubble size within the foam.
  • Teepol is a trade designation for a proprietary surfactant believed to fall in class 1 and/or 2 as described.
  • Sodium oleate is a soap falling in class 6.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a typical aerosol spray apparatus.
  • This comprises a cannister 20, a nozzle 21 and a valve 22.
  • the valve 22 In the ready position the valve 22 is held closed by action of a compression spring 23 which urges a sealing portion 24 of the valve against a seat 25.
  • the nozzle 21 When the nozzle 21 is depressed against the force of the spring it breaks the seal and opens a passage through the valve 22 to the nozzle 21.
  • liquid 26 is forced from the cannister through a siphon tube 27 and out through the valve 22 and nozzle 21 by the internal pressure generated in the cannister 20 by a propellant 28 such as liquified petroleum gas.
  • a propellant 28 such as liquified petroleum gas.
  • Example 2
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an industrial scale foam generator 30 operated by compressed air, of the type used to dispense foamed cleaning fluids. Equipment of this type has been used to foam anti-icing liquids and dispense them in the manner of the invention.
  • the foam generator comprises a pressurisable reservoir 31 a flexible outlet hose 32 and a rigid lance 33.
  • the reservoir 31 has a compressed air inlet 34 which is connected to a compressor (not shown). This connection can be of the type that is maintained during use of the generator 30 or of the alternative disconnectable type that is used only for charging the reservoir 31.
  • Within the reservoir 31 there is held a quantity of anti-icing liquid indicated at 35.
  • a siphon tube 36 extends beneath the surface of liquid 35 and, at a position above the surface a side passage 37 joins the siphon tube 36. Compressed air within the reservoir 31 expels liquid 35 through the siphon tube 36 and also enters that tube via the side passage 37 through an entrance restriction 38 to produce downstream of the junction a frothy liquid.
  • the siphon tube 36 and a compressed air passage 39 extend out of the reservoir 31 through the section of flexible hose 32 to the lance 33. At the remote end of the lance 33 the compressed air from passage 39 is injected at a nozzle 40 into the stream of frothy anti-icing liquid from siphon tube 36 to cause a spray of foamed anti-icing liquid to issue from the nozzle 40.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
  • Dental Preparations (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
EP87900840A 1986-01-17 1987-01-15 Ice-combative measures Withdrawn EP0252968A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8601161 1986-01-17
GB868601161A GB8601161D0 (en) 1986-01-17 1986-01-17 Ice-combative measures

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0252968A1 true EP0252968A1 (en) 1988-01-20

Family

ID=10591561

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87900840A Withdrawn EP0252968A1 (en) 1986-01-17 1987-01-15 Ice-combative measures

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0252968A1 (da)
JP (1) JPS63502355A (da)
DK (1) DK483387D0 (da)
FI (1) FI874067A (da)
GB (2) GB8601161D0 (da)
NO (1) NO873902L (da)
WO (1) WO1987004450A1 (da)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5079036A (en) * 1990-07-27 1992-01-07 Betz Laboratories, Inc. Method of inhibiting freezing and improving flow and handleability characteristics of solid, particulate materials
US5993684A (en) * 1998-05-04 1999-11-30 Mainstream Engineering Corporation Composition and method for de-icing and anti-icing surfaces
US7658948B2 (en) * 2005-01-07 2010-02-09 The Andersons, Inc. Foaming granule and method for making same
US7169321B2 (en) 2002-10-28 2007-01-30 Battelle Memorial Institute Biobased deicing/anti-icing fluids
US7105105B2 (en) 2002-10-28 2006-09-12 Battelle Memorial Institute Deicing/anti-icing fluids
US9080092B2 (en) 2010-02-17 2015-07-14 Battelle Memorial Institute Compositions for deicing/anti-icing
US9243176B2 (en) 2010-02-17 2016-01-26 Battelle Memorial Institute Compositions for deicing/anti-icing
WO2011103295A1 (en) 2010-02-17 2011-08-25 Battelle Memorial Institute Compositions for deicing/anti-icing
FR3069251B1 (fr) * 2017-07-21 2020-07-31 Valeo Systemes Dessuyage Liquide de degivrage de vitre de vehicule automobile, procede de degivrage et procede d'acheminement du liquide de degivrage
CN108104051B (zh) * 2017-12-27 2023-11-28 长春华普大通防冰工程技术有限公司 一种吹气组件及具有吹气组件的防冰装置
CN114958310B (zh) * 2022-06-13 2024-05-24 重庆交通大学 一种相变降温-抗凝冰材料及其制备方法

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2373727A (en) * 1941-04-10 1945-04-17 Intava Ltd Compositions for the prevention of the formation or accretion of ice on exposed surfaces
GB809029A (en) * 1955-10-04 1959-02-18 Kilfrost Ltd Method of protecting parked aircraft against icing
US4394283A (en) * 1981-04-20 1983-07-19 Lorenzo Spratt Stable ice release agent
DE3142059A1 (de) * 1981-10-23 1983-05-05 Hoechst Ag "enteisungs- und vereisungsschutzmittel"

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8704450A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1987004450A1 (en) 1987-07-30
NO873902D0 (no) 1987-09-17
GB8721453D0 (en) 1987-10-21
GB8601161D0 (en) 1986-02-19
JPS63502355A (ja) 1988-09-08
NO873902L (no) 1987-09-17
FI874067A0 (fi) 1987-09-17
FI874067A (fi) 1987-09-17
GB2193970A (en) 1988-02-24
DK483387A (da) 1987-09-15
DK483387D0 (da) 1987-09-15

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Inventor name: SEWELL, JOHN, HAROLD