EP0251891B1 - Elektrische Heizvorrichtung mit Metallhülse - Google Patents

Elektrische Heizvorrichtung mit Metallhülse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0251891B1
EP0251891B1 EP87401436A EP87401436A EP0251891B1 EP 0251891 B1 EP0251891 B1 EP 0251891B1 EP 87401436 A EP87401436 A EP 87401436A EP 87401436 A EP87401436 A EP 87401436A EP 0251891 B1 EP0251891 B1 EP 0251891B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheath
heating element
medium
corrugations
longitudinal axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87401436A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0251891A1 (de
Inventor
Richard Jaume
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Electricite de France SA
Original Assignee
Electricite de France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Electricite de France SA filed Critical Electricite de France SA
Publication of EP0251891A1 publication Critical patent/EP0251891A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0251891B1 publication Critical patent/EP0251891B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/62—Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces
    • H05B3/64—Heating elements specially adapted for furnaces using ribbon, rod, or wire heater

Definitions

  • the invention relates to electrical resistance heating devices of the type comprising an elongated, substantially cylindrical, graphite heating element, surrounded by a sheath of refractory material delimiting around the heating element a sealed chamber for retaining the carbon monoxide formed during the first temperature rise.
  • Electric heating devices of the type defined above are already known.
  • document FR-A-2 559 886 describes a device comprising a graphite heating element protected against oxidation by an atmosphere containing carbon monoxide formed from the heating element during the first use of the device and surrounded by a refractory ceramic tubular sheath resistant to corrosion. This solution solves many problems.
  • the invention aims to provide an electric heating device that better meets those previously known to the requirements of practice, in particular in that it makes it possible to obtain a form of sheath which is particularly suitable for the diffusion of radiant heat coming from the graphite heating element, which was impossible with ceramic sheaths whose shape was limited to the cylinder of revolution or the oval. Very high dissipated surface powers can thus be achieved without limiting the size of the medium heated by such a device. The cost price of such a device is also lower, and the resistance to thermal shock is greatly improved.
  • the invention proposes in particular an electric heating device of the type defined above, according to the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • inventions of the device have a sheath as defined in claim 2 or 3.
  • the ratio between the developed circumference of the sheath and the circumference of the circle passing through the vertices of the undulations closest to the axis of the device is between 1.5 and 5.
  • the invention also provides a device for which the refractory metal alloy is a stainless steel covered with a deposit of chromium and aluminum alloy.
  • the external protective layer is a thin film of alumina.
  • the protection deposited can be applied by bath, by plasma torch or by any suitable means.
  • the outer protective layer may contain a catalyst for a reaction taking place in the medium in which the heater is placed.
  • Another embodiment uses an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy as a refractory alloy for the metal sheath of the electric heating device.
  • this device can be used in any fluid heating process. However, it is more particularly advantageous when it is used in reactors or fluidized bed ovens. Indeed, with the electrical devices described by the invention, and this without limitation of the size of the reactor which can therefore have installed powers of several tens of MW, it is possible to supply 500 kw per m3 of dense phase in a medium fluidized at 900 ° C, or more if the temperature of the medium is lower. Powdered products with a particle diameter greater than about 60 ⁇ m are mostly fluidizable, although other criteria may limit the possible uses of the process.
  • the device described above is used in a fluidized bed decarbonation reactor.
  • FIG. 1 represents an electric heating device according to the invention. It consists of an elongated heating element 1 of graphite of generally cylindrical general shape. More precisely, it has a double helical shape in the heating part, and is provided with two solid parts 2 at one of its ends so as to be able to connect the electrical connections thereto. One full part is reserved for current input and the other for output. This double helix can lengthen the electrical path, therefore increasing resistance.
  • resistance can be adapted to the needs or to the constraints imposed, such as, for example, the overall dimensions or the maximum tension. eligible.
  • This graphite element is surrounded by a sheath 3 delimiting around the heating element 1 a sealed chamber 4 for retaining the carbon monoxide formed.
  • the sheath is made of refractory metal alloy sheet resistant to corrosion of the medium in which it is placed and can be covered with an outer protective layer 5 of substantially constant thickness. It has regular undulations as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. These undulations are arranged in such a way that the internal surface 6 of the sheath "sees" directly the heating element 1 and that the exchange surface 7 of the device with the medium is large.
  • the ratio between the developed circumference of the sheath and the circumference of the circle (shown in phantom in Figure 2) passing through the top of the undulations closest to the axis of the device is between 1.5 and 5. In the embodiment shown in the figures, it is of the order of 4.
  • the plate 10 an asbestos-based composite part, allows the support of the heating element, the closure of the device and the electrical insulation between the terminals. By closing the device tightly, the plate 10 allows the retention of the carbon monoxide formed in the retention chamber 4.
  • a part 13 which must also hold at high temperatures and be insulating electric supports the graphite heating element and keeps it radially.
  • a centering support 14 into which the part 13 fits together is immobilized in rotation and supported by the bottom of the envelope 3.
  • the bars 8 are placed in spacer tubes 15, making it possible to put the tubes 8 in place, and to distribute the tightening force on the graphite heating element 1 and the plate 10.
  • Support washers 18 provided with seals also have a role of distributing the clamping force on the plate 10 and a sealing role.
  • These support washers which must retain their properties up to temperatures of the order of 250 ° C. are advantageously made of expanded graphite or an asbestos compound.
  • a seal 19 ensures the seal between the tube and the plate. It is of the metalloplastic or expanded graphite type to maintain its properties up to temperatures of the order of 400 ° C.
  • the fixing of the plate 10 on the sheath 3 is done by means of screws 20.
  • a valve 21 connected to the chamber 4 makes it possible to maintain a pressure close to atmospheric pressure during the operation of the device.
  • the joints 18 in expanded graphite remain subject to an acceptable temperature, the length of the rod 8 being chosen so that this temperature remains of the order of 250 ° C.
  • the gas contained in the chamber 4 contracts but the air cannot penetrate.
  • the sheath is found in depression but its mechanical resistance when cold is always sufficient to withstand the external atmospheric pressure.
  • a heating device of the type described above can advantageously be used in a fluidized bed reactor for a decarbonation process.
  • the sheath 3 could be made of an iron-chromium-aluminum alloy of the LANTHAL AF type or of refractory steel protected by a chromium-alumina deposit.

Landscapes

  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Elektrische Heizvorrichtung für eine Umgebung, umfassend ein längliches Heizelement (1) aus Graphit, das im wesentlichen zylindrisch um eine Längsachse ausgebildet ist und von einer Hülse (3) aus hitzebeständigem Material umschlossen ist, welche um dar Heizelement eine dichte Kammer (4) zur Rückhaltung des entstandenen Kohlenmonoxids bildet,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    daß die Hülse (3) aus einem Blech aus einer hitzebeständigen Metall-Legierung besteht, das entweder korrosionsbeständig bezüglich der Umgebung ist, oder mit einer äußeren Schutzschicht (5) aus Metall überzogen ist, deren Dicke im wesentlichen konstant ist, und daß die Hülse gleichmäßige Wellungen aufweist, die derart angeordnet sind, daß die gesamte Innenfläche der Hülse die Strahlung des Heizelementes (1) direkt empfängt und daß die Austauschfläche (7) der Vorrichtung mit der Umgebung vergrößert wird.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fläche der Wellungen zylindrisch ist und daß die Erzeugende dieser Fläche im wesentlichen parallel zur Längsachse verläuft.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wellungen der Hülse in einer Schraubenlinie um die Längsachse herum verlaufen.
  4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Verhältnis zwischen dem von der Hülse gebildeten Umfang und dem Umfang des Kreises, der durch die Scheitelpunkte der wellungen verläuft, die der Achse dar Vorrichtung am nächsten sind, zwischen 1,5 und 5 beträgt.
  5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die hitzebeständige Metall-Legierung ein nichtrostender Stahl ist und daß diese mit einem Legierungsniederschlag aus Chrom und Aluminium überzogen ist.
  6. Vorrichtung nach den Ansprüchen 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die äußere Schutzschicht ein dünner Aluminiumoxid-Film ist.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die äußere Schutzschicht einen Katalysator zur Durchführung einer Reaktion enthält, die in der Umgebung, in welcher die Heizvorrichtung angeordnet ist, stattfindet.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die hitzebeständige Legierung eine Eisen-Chrom-Aluminium-Legierung ist.
  9. Verwendung der Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 in einem Entkarbonisierungsreaktor mit Wirbelbett.
EP87401436A 1986-06-26 1987-06-23 Elektrische Heizvorrichtung mit Metallhülse Expired - Lifetime EP0251891B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8609274 1986-06-26
FR8609274A FR2600855B1 (fr) 1986-06-26 1986-06-26 Dispositif de chauffage electrique comportant une gaine metallique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0251891A1 EP0251891A1 (de) 1988-01-07
EP0251891B1 true EP0251891B1 (de) 1991-04-10

Family

ID=9336749

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87401436A Expired - Lifetime EP0251891B1 (de) 1986-06-26 1987-06-23 Elektrische Heizvorrichtung mit Metallhülse

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4862137A (de)
EP (1) EP0251891B1 (de)
CA (1) CA1295636C (de)
DE (1) DE3769214D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2600855B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2622381B1 (fr) * 1987-10-21 1990-03-16 Electricite De France Thermoplongeur electrique
FR2660303B1 (fr) * 1990-03-27 1992-07-17 Electricite De France Procede et dispositif de formation d'oxyde de calcium.
CA2090730A1 (en) * 1990-08-24 1992-02-25 Tapani Levola Heater for an effusion cell
DE4325422A1 (de) * 1993-07-29 1995-02-02 Abb Management Ag Kremationsofen mit elektrischer Beheizung
IL117181A0 (en) * 1996-02-19 1996-06-18 Eco Tan Ltd Mica covered resistive electric heater elements for air heating
WO1998027395A1 (en) * 1996-12-16 1998-06-25 K & M Kite Limited Formed tubing with longitudinally directed corrugations
KR100715511B1 (ko) * 2000-06-21 2007-05-08 주식회사진영정기 대용량 저항기의 방열구조
US6741805B2 (en) * 2001-09-27 2004-05-25 Bai Wei Wu Flexible graphite felt heating elements and a process for radiating infrared
CN103096546A (zh) * 2012-12-14 2013-05-08 杜志刚 带压氮气和二氧化碳电热装置
DE102012025098A1 (de) * 2012-12-20 2014-06-26 Rotorcomp Verdichter Gmbh Heizungsanordnung
CN103152864A (zh) * 2013-02-23 2013-06-12 杜志刚 带压氢气、氦气、氖气和氡气电热装置
CN103152869A (zh) * 2013-02-23 2013-06-12 杜志刚 带压氢气、氦气、氙气和氮气电热装置
CN103152873A (zh) * 2013-02-23 2013-06-12 杜志刚 带压氢气、氦气和氮气电热装置
US11153936B2 (en) 2018-03-26 2021-10-19 Leister Technologies Ag Ceramic heating resistor, electrical heating element, and device for heating a fluid
JPWO2021125088A1 (de) * 2019-12-20 2021-06-24

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH92062A (de) * 1920-07-15 1921-12-01 Siemens Schuckertwerke Gmbh Elektrisches Heizelement.
FR759476A (fr) * 1932-07-18 1934-02-03 Carbo Keramik Ag Fa Résistance électrique de chauffage pour la production de hautes températures
FR815239A (fr) * 1936-03-17 1937-07-08 Forges Ateliers Const Electr élément de chauffage électrique et son mode d'emploi dans les fours
DE709101C (de) * 1936-08-29 1941-08-06 Siemens & Halske Akt Ges Hochhitzebestaendiges keramisches Schutzrohr fuer stabfoermige Heizleiter
US2917814A (en) * 1952-06-07 1959-12-22 John G Ruckelshaus Resistance time measuring devices
US3835296A (en) * 1972-01-27 1974-09-10 Dravo Corp Improvement in industrial electric resistance heater
US3898428A (en) * 1974-03-07 1975-08-05 Universal Oil Prod Co Electric in line water heating apparatus
US4135053A (en) * 1977-12-23 1979-01-16 Alco Standard Corporation Heating assembly for a heat treating furnace
DE3024320A1 (de) * 1980-06-27 1982-04-01 Wacker-Chemitronic Gesellschaft für Elektronik-Grundstoffe mbH, 8263 Burghausen Vorrichtung zur hochtemperaturbehandlung von gasen
US4412126A (en) * 1982-02-04 1983-10-25 Sanders Associates, Inc. Infrared source
FR2559886B1 (fr) * 1984-02-16 1988-04-22 Electricite De France Dispositif de chauffage electrique comportant un element chauffant resistif

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4862137A (en) 1989-08-29
DE3769214D1 (de) 1991-05-16
FR2600855A1 (fr) 1987-12-31
CA1295636C (en) 1992-02-11
FR2600855B1 (fr) 1988-08-05
EP0251891A1 (de) 1988-01-07

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