EP0250308A1 - Plasmaspritzbrenner - Google Patents

Plasmaspritzbrenner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0250308A1
EP0250308A1 EP87401339A EP87401339A EP0250308A1 EP 0250308 A1 EP0250308 A1 EP 0250308A1 EP 87401339 A EP87401339 A EP 87401339A EP 87401339 A EP87401339 A EP 87401339A EP 0250308 A1 EP0250308 A1 EP 0250308A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anode
plasma
outlet orifice
axis
cathode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87401339A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0250308B1 (de
Inventor
Claude Mouchet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
NOUVELLE DE METALLISATION INDUSTRIES SNMI Ste
Original Assignee
NOUVELLE DE METALLISATION INDUSTRIES SNMI Ste
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by NOUVELLE DE METALLISATION INDUSTRIES SNMI Ste filed Critical NOUVELLE DE METALLISATION INDUSTRIES SNMI Ste
Priority to AT87401339T priority Critical patent/ATE56343T1/de
Publication of EP0250308A1 publication Critical patent/EP0250308A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0250308B1 publication Critical patent/EP0250308B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/22—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc
    • B05B7/222—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc
    • B05B7/226—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed electrically, magnetically or electromagnetically, e.g. by arc using an arc the material being originally a particulate material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/34—Details, e.g. electrodes, nozzles
    • H05H1/3478—Geometrical details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/26—Plasma torches
    • H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
    • H05H1/42—Plasma torches using an arc with provisions for introducing materials into the plasma, e.g. powder, liquid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a plasma recharging torch and in particular a torch of the transferred plasma type.
  • FIGS. 1a and 1b respectively show in longitudinal section and at the end of the end of a transferred plasma recharging torch illustrating the state of the art.
  • This torch which generally has a symmetry of revolution about an axis XX ⁇ , comprises a central cathode 10 and an annular anode 12 surrounding this cathode.
  • the cathode 10 generally made of tungsten, has the shape of a cylindrical rod terminated by a tapered end 10a, of conical shape.
  • the anode 12 generally made of copper, has a cylindrical recess 13 in which the cathode 10 is received.
  • An annular space 14 formed between the cathode and the anode makes it possible to inject a plasma gas, as indicated by the arrows F1 on Figure 1a.
  • the cylindrical recess 13 formed in the anode 12 extends beyond the tip of the tapered end 10a of the cathode by a portion of reduced diameter delimiting an outlet orifice 15 for the plasma gas.
  • This outlet orifice 15 opens onto the planar end face 16 of the anode 12. This face is perpendicular to the axis XX ⁇ of the torch and also constitutes the end of the latter.
  • the plasma gas introduced according to the arrows F1 is ionized to form a plasma P.
  • this plasma P is confined in the orifice 15 and can escape only through the open end of the latter.
  • the transfer of plasma between the torch and the substrate to be recharged (not shown in Figure 1) is obtained by creating a potential difference between the torch and the substrate.
  • two channels 20 formed in the anode 12 symmetrically with respect to the axis XX ⁇ make it possible to introduce into the plasma P leaving the torch a recharging powder.
  • the channels 20 generally extend in a direction parallel to the axis XX ⁇ and have, at the outlet orifice 15, ends 20a inclined towards this axis XX ⁇ , in order to direct the recharging powder towards the plasma P, like the 'illustrate the arrows F2 in Figure 1a.
  • the transfer of the powder to the planar end face 16 of the cathode is carried out by means of a carrier gas.
  • the channels 20 are replaced by an annular chamber formed in the anode and whose part opening onto the end face of the anode is directed towards the axis of the torch, to present approximately the shape of a funnel.
  • the powder / carrier gas mixture is then injected tangentially to the wall of the annular chamber, so that it travels in this chamber along an approximately helical path, to the plasma leaving the torch.
  • part of the recharging powder is not transferred by the plasma to the substrate to ensure recharging.
  • part of the powder is lost and especially that this powder tends to dust the machine, which leads to risks of seizing thereof and complicates maintenance operations.
  • the present invention specifically relates to a plasma torch generally operating in a manner similar to existing torches, while not having the aforementioned drawbacks.
  • the invention relates to a plasma torch allowing an improvement in the heat exchanges between the powder and the plasma and creating a gaseous curtain around the plasma ensuring the transfer of the powder, so as to reduce the deterioration of the electrodes, to reduce the power consumption, to protect the molten powder conveyed by the plasma and the liquid bath formed on the substrate against oxidation, and to avoid the propagation of grains of powder outside the recharging zone.
  • a plasma recharging torch comprising, along a common axis, a central cathode having a tapered end, and an annular anode surrounding the cathode and delimiting therewith a space extending beyond the tapered end of the cathode by an outlet orifice formed in the anode, at least one inlet passage for recharging powder being formed in the anode and having at one end of said outlet orifice outlet inclined towards said axis, characterized in that the outlet orifice has a rear part adjacent to the annular space and a front part opening out and of diameter greater than the diameter of the rear part, the inclined end of the recharging powder inlet passage opening into the front part of the outlet orifice, channels substantially parallel to said axis being formed in the anode around the rear part of the outlet orifice, to communicate the front part of this orifice with said annular space.
  • this torch comprises at least six channels distributed around its axis.
  • the torch also comprises two powder inlet passages arranged symmetrically with respect to its axis.
  • the transferred plasma recharging torch shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b has a structure close to the structure of the torch according to the prior art described previously with reference to FIGS. 1a and 1b. For this reason, the same reference numbers increased by one hundred are used to designate similar elements.
  • the torch according to the invention comprises a central cathode 110 and an annular anode 112 both arranged along a common axis XX ⁇ .
  • the cathode 110 for example made of tungsten, has the shape of a cylindrical rod terminated by a tapered end 110a of conical shape.
  • the anode 112 has a cylindrical bore 113 in which is housed the cathode 110 and delimiting with the latter an annular space 114.
  • This space 114 is used to inject the plasma gas, constituted in a known manner either by argon or by an argon-hydrogen, helium-hydrogen, nitrogen- mixture hydrogen, nitrogen-helium, etc ...
  • the cylindrical bore 113 formed in the anode 112 extends beyond the tip of the tapered end 110a of the cathode, in the form of an outlet orifice 115 opening onto the flat end face 116 of the 'anode.
  • This face 116 perpendicular to the axis XX ⁇ , also forms the end of the torch.
  • the outlet orifice 115 comprises a rear part 115a connected to the bore 113 by a part having a circular arc section and a front part 115b opening onto the end face. 116.
  • the diameter of the front part 115b is slightly greater than the diameter of the rear part 115a, these two parts being separated by a straight shoulder.
  • channels 122 extending parallel to the axis XX ⁇ are formed in the anode 112, around the rear part 115a of the outlet orifice, so as to directly communicate the annular space 114 with the part before 115b of the outlet.
  • these channels 122 are six in number, distributed around the axis XX ⁇ .
  • the recharging powder mixed with the carrier gas reaches the end of the torch by two passages 120 arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis XX ⁇ .
  • These passages 120 which extend substantially parallel to this axis XX ⁇ , have at the outlet orifice 115 ends 120a inclined towards the axis XX ⁇ and opening out according to the invention in the front part 115b of this orifice.
  • the plasma recharging torch according to the invention operates in the following manner.
  • the plasma gas admitted by the annular space 114 (arrows F1) is ionized to form a plasma P in the outlet orifice 115, beyond the tip of the tapered end 110a of the cathode.
  • the plasma P is transferred to the substrate by escaping through the orifice 115.
  • the recharging powder conveyed by the carrier gas in the passages 120 (arrows F2) is injected directly into the plasma P.
  • This injection takes place in a confined area and not at the beyond the end of the torch as in the prior art, the heat exchanges between the powder and the plasma are improved. This results in less deterioration of the electrodes, a reduction in the power to be used and, consequently, a significant saving.
  • This gaseous curtain limits the spread of powder grains outside the recharging area. This results in an increase in the yield of the powder as well as less dust from the machines. The risks of seizure of these are reduced, as well as maintenance work.
  • the gaseous annular curtain obtained thanks to the channels 122 makes it possible to better protect the molten powder entrained by the plasma P from oxidation, as well as the liquid bath formed on the substrate.
  • this same gaseous curtain provides thermal protection for the wall of the front part 115b of the outlet orifice and also reduces the risk of catching molten powder on this same wall near the end face 116. By Consequently, the resistance over time of the anode 112 is not penalized by the lengthening of its end required by the injection of the recharging powder in a confined area.
  • the injection of the recharging powder can be done by an annular passage in which the powder circulates according to a helical trajectory.
  • the number and the shape of the channels 122 can be modified, these channels being able for example to present in section the shape of arcs of a circle.
  • the arrangements usually fitted to plasma recharging torches and which have not been described for simplicity can of course be provided on the torch according to the invention.
  • means for cooling the electrodes, and in particular the anode, generally consisting of a circulation of a fluid such as water can be provided.
  • the invention is particularly suitable for a reloading torch with transferred plasma, it can also be applied to a blown plasma torch.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
EP87401339A 1986-06-17 1987-06-15 Plasmaspritzbrenner Expired - Lifetime EP0250308B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87401339T ATE56343T1 (de) 1986-06-17 1987-06-15 Plasmaspritzbrenner.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR868608736A FR2600229B1 (fr) 1986-06-17 1986-06-17 Torche de rechargement a plasma
FR8608736 1986-06-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0250308A1 true EP0250308A1 (de) 1987-12-23
EP0250308B1 EP0250308B1 (de) 1990-09-05

Family

ID=9336405

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87401339A Expired - Lifetime EP0250308B1 (de) 1986-06-17 1987-06-15 Plasmaspritzbrenner

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0250308B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE56343T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3764725D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2600229B1 (de)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2636198A1 (fr) * 1988-09-08 1990-03-09 Stoody Deloro Stellite Inc Buse pour torche a plasma et procede pour introduire une poudre dans une torche a plasma
EP0423370A1 (de) * 1989-03-31 1991-04-24 Leningradsky Politekhnichesky Institut Imeni M.I.Kalinina Verfahren zur plasmabearbeitung und plasmatron
EP0445147A1 (de) * 1988-11-23 1991-09-11 Plasmacarb Inc Plasmabrenner mit kaskadenbogenentladung und verfahren zur plasmapolymerisation.
EP0461259A1 (de) * 1989-12-26 1991-12-18 Leningradsky Politekhnichesky Institut Imeni M.I.Kalinina Plasmatron
GR1001021B (el) * 1991-07-17 1993-03-31 Le Politekhn I Im M L Kalinina Πιστολιον ψεκκασμου πλασματος αερος.
GB2300649A (en) * 1995-02-23 1996-11-13 Quigley Associates Powder injection apparatus
WO1999005339A1 (de) * 1997-07-28 1999-02-04 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Thermisches beschichtungsverfahren, insbesondere für gleitlager
WO2001032949A1 (de) * 1999-10-30 2001-05-10 Agrodyn Hochspannungstechnik Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zur plasmabeschichtung von oberflächen
US6379754B1 (en) 1997-07-28 2002-04-30 Volkswagen Ag Method for thermal coating of bearing layers
WO2004028222A1 (en) * 2002-09-18 2004-04-01 Volvo Aero Corporation A thermal spraying device
US7557324B2 (en) 2002-09-18 2009-07-07 Volvo Aero Corporation Backstream-preventing thermal spraying device
EP2676735A4 (de) * 2011-07-12 2015-05-06 Shinwa Industry Co Ltd Plasmasprühvorrichtung mit axialer zufuhr
WO2019166473A1 (en) * 2018-02-27 2019-09-06 Oerlikon Metco Ag, Wohlen Plasma nozzle for a thermal spray gun and method of making and utilizing the same

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2011177743A (ja) * 2010-03-01 2011-09-15 Honda Motor Co Ltd プラズマ溶接トーチ、及びプラズマ溶接トーチを用いた溶接方法

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3148263A (en) * 1961-08-02 1964-09-08 Avco Corp Plasma-jet torch apparatus and method relating to increasing the life of the downstream electrode
US4127760A (en) * 1975-06-09 1978-11-28 Geotel, Inc. Electrical plasma jet torch and electrode therefor

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3148263A (en) * 1961-08-02 1964-09-08 Avco Corp Plasma-jet torch apparatus and method relating to increasing the life of the downstream electrode
US4127760A (en) * 1975-06-09 1978-11-28 Geotel, Inc. Electrical plasma jet torch and electrode therefor

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2636198A1 (fr) * 1988-09-08 1990-03-09 Stoody Deloro Stellite Inc Buse pour torche a plasma et procede pour introduire une poudre dans une torche a plasma
EP0445147A1 (de) * 1988-11-23 1991-09-11 Plasmacarb Inc Plasmabrenner mit kaskadenbogenentladung und verfahren zur plasmapolymerisation.
EP0445147A4 (en) * 1988-11-23 1992-01-15 Plasmacarb Inc. Cascade arc plasma torch and a process for plasma polymerization
EP0423370A1 (de) * 1989-03-31 1991-04-24 Leningradsky Politekhnichesky Institut Imeni M.I.Kalinina Verfahren zur plasmabearbeitung und plasmatron
EP0423370A4 (en) * 1989-03-31 1991-11-21 Leningradsky Politekhnichesky Institut Imeni M.I.Kalinina Method of treatment with plasma and plasmatron
EP0461259A1 (de) * 1989-12-26 1991-12-18 Leningradsky Politekhnichesky Institut Imeni M.I.Kalinina Plasmatron
EP0461259A4 (en) * 1989-12-26 1992-12-30 Leningradsky Politekhnichesky Institut Imeni M.I.Kalinina Plasmatron
GR1001021B (el) * 1991-07-17 1993-03-31 Le Politekhn I Im M L Kalinina Πιστολιον ψεκκασμου πλασματος αερος.
GB2300649A (en) * 1995-02-23 1996-11-13 Quigley Associates Powder injection apparatus
GB2300649B (en) * 1995-02-23 1998-07-22 Quigley Associates Improvements in thermal spraying apparatus
WO1999005339A1 (de) * 1997-07-28 1999-02-04 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Thermisches beschichtungsverfahren, insbesondere für gleitlager
US6379754B1 (en) 1997-07-28 2002-04-30 Volkswagen Ag Method for thermal coating of bearing layers
WO2001032949A1 (de) * 1999-10-30 2001-05-10 Agrodyn Hochspannungstechnik Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zur plasmabeschichtung von oberflächen
US6800336B1 (en) 1999-10-30 2004-10-05 Foernsel Peter Method and device for plasma coating surfaces
WO2004028222A1 (en) * 2002-09-18 2004-04-01 Volvo Aero Corporation A thermal spraying device
US7557324B2 (en) 2002-09-18 2009-07-07 Volvo Aero Corporation Backstream-preventing thermal spraying device
EP2676735A4 (de) * 2011-07-12 2015-05-06 Shinwa Industry Co Ltd Plasmasprühvorrichtung mit axialer zufuhr
WO2019166473A1 (en) * 2018-02-27 2019-09-06 Oerlikon Metco Ag, Wohlen Plasma nozzle for a thermal spray gun and method of making and utilizing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE56343T1 (de) 1990-09-15
DE3764725D1 (de) 1990-10-11
EP0250308B1 (de) 1990-09-05
FR2600229B1 (fr) 1994-09-09
FR2600229A1 (fr) 1987-12-18

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