EP0244644B1 - Circuit arrangement for the high-frequency operation of low-pressure discharge lamps - Google Patents

Circuit arrangement for the high-frequency operation of low-pressure discharge lamps Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0244644B1
EP0244644B1 EP87104991A EP87104991A EP0244644B1 EP 0244644 B1 EP0244644 B1 EP 0244644B1 EP 87104991 A EP87104991 A EP 87104991A EP 87104991 A EP87104991 A EP 87104991A EP 0244644 B1 EP0244644 B1 EP 0244644B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
capacitor
circuit arrangement
circuit
mains
lamp
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EP87104991A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0244644A1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Jürgen Fähnrich
Walter Hirschmann
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Osram GmbH
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Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S315/00—Electric lamp and discharge devices: systems
    • Y10S315/02—High frequency starting operation for fluorescent lamp

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit arrangement for the high-frequency operation of a low-pressure discharge lamp with a mains rectifier with a backup capacitor connected in parallel with the DC output, a push-pull frequency generator, the control of the alternating switching transistors via feedback with a current transformer and a series resonance circuit comprising resonance inductance, coupling capacitor and resonance capacitor, the resonance capacitor the center tap of the two transistors and the corresponding electrode of the lamp and the resonance capacitor is connected to the heating circuit of the lamp.
  • a current saturation transformer in the form of a toroid is particularly suitable as a current transformer, since it has a high magnetic permeability.
  • Such a circuit is from the book “Electronics Circuits” by Walter Hirschmann from SIEMENS AG. known. This circuit ensures a safe start of the lamp by automatic ignition voltage generation and has a low power loss. However, the circuit requires a high mains current harmonic content, which does not meet the limits according to IEC publication 82 and which causes the mains power factor to drop far below 0.9.
  • the circuit has a series circuit comprising a storage inductor and a diode, two capacitors being connected at the junction of these two components.
  • the circuit arrangement has serious disadvantages.
  • the transistors experience a heavy load.
  • the storage choke is part of the RF circuit and therefore only partially suppresses radio interference.
  • Such a circuit arrangement results in a strong dependency of the output power when the mains voltage changes.
  • the aim of the invention is therefore to provide a circuit arrangement for operating a low-pressure discharge lamp which fulfills the requirements specified in IEC publication 82 with regard to mains current harmonic content and radio interference suppression without performance-related disadvantages and manages with a few inexpensive components.
  • the circuit arrangement with the features mentioned in the preamble of the main claim is characterized in that two diodes are connected in series to the supporting capacitor in series in the forward DC direction, the center tap between the two diodes via a capacitor with the center tap between the two transistors is connected and a line choke is connected in the line frequency part of the circuit arrangement.
  • the line-frequency part of the circuit is to be understood here to mean the area of the circuit in which, during operation, there is no up-transformed, but only a line-frequency direct or alternating voltage.
  • Such a circuit design ensures that the third harmonic in the mains current complies with the existing regulations and that the circuit causes only slight changes in the output power when the mains voltage changes. It is also achieved that the voltage at the output, i.e. on the smoothing capacitor has approximately the height of the peak value of the mains voltage, so that the capacitor does not have to be designed for high operating voltages.
  • the line reactor is connected either between the line input of the circuit arrangement and the line rectifier or between the DC output of the line rectifier and the backup capacitor lying parallel to this output. In the latter case, a diode is also connected in the reverse direction in parallel with the backup capacitor in order to largely reduce higher-order harmonics.
  • the line reactor can consist of two winding blocks, one winding block in each of the two AC or DC supply lines is switched. A circuit arrangement of this type is particularly suitable for the operation of fluorescent lamps with a lower power consumption.
  • a further reduction in the transistor power losses is necessary for the operation of lamps with a high power consumption. This is achieved with the aid of a capacitor which is connected between the center tap between the two diodes and the center tap between the resonance inductance and the corresponding electrode of the lamp.
  • the ratio of the capacitances of this capacitor to that which is connected to the center tap between the two transistors influences the sinusoid shape and adjusts the energy to be fed back.
  • the first capacitor can also be connected directly to a tap of the resonance inductance.
  • the circuit arrangement described so far is suitable for lighting devices in which the low-pressure discharge lamp is firmly connected to the circuit.
  • the center tap between the two diodes via a capacitor should not be connected to the center tap between the resonance inductance and the corresponding electrode in the circuit arrangement, but rather to the heating circuit-side power supply of the same electrode.
  • each of the heating circuit-side power supply of the electrodes be connected via a capacitor to the mains-side power supply of the other electrode of the lamp. This increases the quality of the resonance circuit, so that this circuit variant is particularly suitable for operating low-pressure discharge lamps with high operating voltages or for operating normal low-pressure discharge lamps at low mains voltages, such as 110 V.
  • FIG. 1 shows a circuit arrangement for operating a low-pressure discharge lamp, in which the lamp is firmly connected to the circuit arrangement.
  • the main component of the circuit arrangement is the push-pull frequency generator, consisting of the two transistors T1, T2 with the flyback diodes D2, D3 (these can be omitted when integrated into the transistors), the series resistors R2 to R5 and the start-up generator, consisting of the resistors R1 and R6, the Start capacitor C3 and the Diac DK and the feedback toroid transformer RK.
  • the low-pressure discharge lamp LP is connected to an electrode E1 with the center tap M1 between the collector-emitter paths of the two transistors T1, T2 and with the other electrodes E2 to the positive pole of the mains rectifier GL.
  • the series resonance circuit consists of the resonance inductance L1, the coupling capacitor C5 and the resonance capacitor C6, the resonance inductance L1 and the coupling capacitor C5 being placed between the center tap M1 and the electrode E1 and the resonance capacitor C6 in the heating circuit of the lamp LP.
  • the mode of operation of the push-pull frequency generator in combination with the series resonance circuit for operating the lamp can be found in the book "Electronics Circuits" by W. Hirschmann (Siemens Aktiengesellschaft), p. 148, and will therefore not be explained in more detail here.
  • a winding block of a mains iron choke L2 is connected in each supply line.
  • two high-speed diodes D4, D5 are connected in series to the backup capacitor C2, which is parallel to the DC output of the mains rectifier GL, in the forward DC direction.
  • the center tap M2 between the two diodes D4, D5 is via a capacitor C7 with the center tap M1 between the collector-emitter paths of the two transistors T1, T2 and also via a capacitor C8 with the center tap M3 between the resonance inductance L1 and the coupling capacitor C5 connected.
  • An electrolytic capacitor C4 is connected in parallel with the switching paths of the transistors T1, T2 as a smoothing capacitor.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 show two circuit variants for the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 1.
  • Figure 2 shows a circuit variant A ⁇ for the line frequency part A of the circuit arrangement with matching connection points P1 and P2.
  • this variant only one filter capacitor C1 ⁇ and one winding block of a current-compensated filter choke FD ⁇ as well as one fuse SI ⁇ are connected in parallel to the input between the mains input and the rectifier GL parallel.
  • the two winding blocks of the line reactor L2 ⁇ are each placed in the two DC outputs of the line rectifier GL ⁇ .
  • this circuit variant has a parallel to the capacitor C2 ⁇ Reverse diode D6 to reduce higher order harmonics.
  • FIG. 3 shows a circuit variant B ⁇ for the type of connection B of the second capacitor of the harmonic filter with identical connection points P3 to P7.
  • the capacitor C8 ⁇ is directly connected to a tap winding of the resonance inductor L1 ⁇ .
  • the other circuit elements such as the two capacitors C4 ⁇ and C8 ⁇ , the feedback transformer winding RK ⁇ , the resonance capacitor L1 ⁇ and the coupling capacitor C5 ⁇ corresponding to the elements C4, C8, RK, L1 and C5 in FIG. 1.
  • the direct voltage U2 is present in front of the diode D4 on the supporting capacitor C2, the direct voltage U3 is located behind the diode D5 on the smoothing capacitor C4.
  • the two diodes D4, D5 clamp the high-frequency alternating voltage U4 supplied via the capacitor C7 from the push-pull frequency generator to the voltage U2 or U3 in a half-wave alternating manner in accordance with the respective difference U2-U3.
  • This enables a current to flow during the differential phases "up” and “down” of the rectified 100 Hz AC voltage, so that an essentially sinusoidal current flow occurs from the network.
  • An excellent sine current shape is achieved in particular by a large capacitance value of the capacitor C7.
  • the higher power loss at the transistors T1, T2 which occurs as a result of the above measures is switched off by the capacitor C8 which is likewise connected to the center tap M2, the sinusoidal shape being able to be influenced accordingly by the ratio C7, C8.
  • Figure 4a, 4b shows the sinusoidal current flow recorded by the network when using a harmonic filter made of the diodes D4, D5 and capacitors C7, C8 listed above.
  • Figure 4a shows the current flow I N absorbed by the network per time unit t without additional network iron choke L2
  • Figure 4b shows the current flow I N per time unit t with additional network iron choke L2.
  • the iron choke L2 converts the charging peaks protruding beyond the fundamental wave 1 into smoothed current peaks 3, so that the final current shape which is created fulfills the corresponding regulations.
  • the line iron choke creates two further significant advantages: The radio interference that comes from the DC voltage U2 at the support capacitor C2 is greatly reduced and the input impedance remains inductive for ripple control signals.
  • circuit elements for a circuit arrangement according to the invention are compiled in the following equipment list as in FIG. 1:
  • FIG. 5 shows a variant of the circuit arrangement which enables the low-pressure discharge lamp to be changed safely.
  • the circuit arrangement largely corresponds to the circuit shown in FIG. 1.
  • the capacitor C8 which connects the center tap M2 between the two diodes D4, D5 with the center tap M3 between the resonance inductor L1 and the coupling capacitor C5
  • only a capacitor C9 is provided here, which connects the center tap M2 to the heating circuit of the lamp LP. If the lamp is removed, the push-pull frequency generator is also switched off in this circuit variant.
  • FIG. 6 shows a circuit arrangement that is specifically for the operation of low-pressure discharge lamps with high operating voltage or the operation of low-pressure discharge lamps with normal high operating voltage at low mains voltages, such as 110 V, is suitable. Except for the heating circuit, this circuit arrangement corresponds to the circuit arrangement shown in FIG.
  • the network-side connection of the electrode E2 is connected via a capacitor C10 to the heating circuit-side connection of the electrode E1 and the network-side connection E1 is connected via a capacitor C11 to the heating circuit-side connection of the electrode E2.
  • This change reduces the damping effect of the two electrodes E1, E2 on the resonant circuit to a quarter. This results in higher voltage pulses, which can ignite the lamp even at low mains voltage or high operating voltage

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schaltungsanordnung zum hochfrequenten Betrieb einer Niederdruckentladungslampe mit einem Netzgleichrichter mit parallel zum Gleichstromausgang geschaltetem Stützkondensator, einem Gegentaktfrequenzgenerator, wobei die Ansteuerung der alternierend schaltenden Transistoren über Rückkopplung mit einem Stromtrafo erfolgt und einem Serienresonanzkreis aus Resonanzinduktivität, Kopplungskondensator und Resonanzkondensator, wobei die Resonanzinduktivität zwischen den Mittenabgriff der beiden Transistoren und der entsprechenden Elektrode der Lampe und der Resonanzkondensator in den Heizkreis der Lampe geschaltet ist.The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for the high-frequency operation of a low-pressure discharge lamp with a mains rectifier with a backup capacitor connected in parallel with the DC output, a push-pull frequency generator, the control of the alternating switching transistors via feedback with a current transformer and a series resonance circuit comprising resonance inductance, coupling capacitor and resonance capacitor, the resonance capacitor the center tap of the two transistors and the corresponding electrode of the lamp and the resonance capacitor is connected to the heating circuit of the lamp.

Als Stromtrafo eignet sich hierzu insbesondere ein Stromsättigungstrafo in Ringkernform, da dieser eine hohe magnetische Permeabilität besitzt.A current saturation transformer in the form of a toroid is particularly suitable as a current transformer, since it has a high magnetic permeability.

Eine solche Schaltung ist aus dem Buch "Elektronikschaltungen" von Walter Hirschmann der SIEMENS AG. bekannt. Diese Schaltung bewirkt einen sicheren Anlauf der Lampe durch eine automatische Zündspannungsbildung und weist eine geringe Verlustleistung auf. Allerdings bedingt die Schaltung einen hohen Netzstrom-Oberwellengehalt, der die Grenzen nach IEC-Publikation 82 nicht einhält und den Netzleistungsfaktor weit unter 0,9 sinken läßt.Such a circuit is from the book "Electronics Circuits" by Walter Hirschmann from SIEMENS AG. known. This circuit ensures a safe start of the lamp by automatic ignition voltage generation and has a low power loss. However, the circuit requires a high mains current harmonic content, which does not meet the limits according to IEC publication 82 and which causes the mains power factor to drop far below 0.9.

Eine Lösung zur Reduzierung des Oberwellengehaltes bei einer solchen Schaltungsanordnung wird in der DE-OS 32 22 534 dargestellt. Die Schaltung weist als wesentliches Merkmal zur Reduzierung des Oberwellengehaltes eine Reihenschaltung aus einer Speicherdrossel und einer Diode auf, wobei am Verbindungspunkt dieser beiden Bauelemente zwei Kondensatoren angeschlossen sind. Die Schaltungsanordnung hat jedoch schwerwiegende Nachteile. Die obengenannten Schaltungselemente bilden zusammen mit den beiden Transistoren des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators einen Hochsetzsteller, der für die Unterdrückung der Oberwellen sorgt. Dadurch erfahren die Transistoren eine starke Belastung. Die Speicherdrossel ist Teil des HF-Kreises und wirkt deshalb nur teilweise funkentstörend. Durch eine solche Schaltungsanordnung ergibt sich eine starke Abhängigkeit der Ausgangsleistung bei Netzspannungsänderungen.A solution for reducing the harmonic content in such a circuit arrangement is presented in DE-OS 32 22 534. As an essential feature for reducing the harmonic content, the circuit has a series circuit comprising a storage inductor and a diode, two capacitors being connected at the junction of these two components. However, the circuit arrangement has serious disadvantages. The above-mentioned circuit elements, together with the two transistors of the push-pull frequency generator, form a step-up converter that suppresses the harmonics. As a result, the transistors experience a heavy load. The storage choke is part of the RF circuit and therefore only partially suppresses radio interference. Such a circuit arrangement results in a strong dependency of the output power when the mains voltage changes.

Ziel der Erfindung ist es daher, eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb einer Niederdruckentladungslampe zu schaffen, die die durch die IEC-Publikation 82 festgelegten Anforderungen hinsichtlich Netzstrom-Oberwellengehalt und Funkentstörung ohne leistungstechnische Nachteile erfüllt und mit wenigen kostengünstigen Bauteilen auskommt.The aim of the invention is therefore to provide a circuit arrangement for operating a low-pressure discharge lamp which fulfills the requirements specified in IEC publication 82 with regard to mains current harmonic content and radio interference suppression without performance-related disadvantages and manages with a few inexpensive components.

Die Schaltungsanordnung mit den im Oberbegriff des Hauptanspruchs genannten Merkmalen ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in Reihe zum Stützkondensator in Serie zwei Dioden in Gleichstromvorwärtsrichtung angeschlossen sind, der Mittenabgriff zwischen den beiden Dioden über einen Kondensator mit dem Mittenabgriff zwischen den beiden Transistoren verbunden ist und in den netzfrequenten Teil der Schaltungsanordnung eine Netzdrossel geschaltet ist.The circuit arrangement with the features mentioned in the preamble of the main claim is characterized in that two diodes are connected in series to the supporting capacitor in series in the forward DC direction, the center tap between the two diodes via a capacitor with the center tap between the two transistors is connected and a line choke is connected in the line frequency part of the circuit arrangement.

Unter dem netzfrequenten Teil der Schaltung ist hierbei der Bereich der Schaltung zu verstehen, in dem bei Betrieb keine hochtransformierte, sondern lediglich eine netzfrequente Gleich- bzw. Wechselspannung vorliegt.The line-frequency part of the circuit is to be understood here to mean the area of the circuit in which, during operation, there is no up-transformed, but only a line-frequency direct or alternating voltage.

Durch einen solchen Schaltungsaufbau wird sichergestellt, daß die dritte Harmonische im Netzstrom den bestehenden Vorschriften entspricht und die Schaltung lediglich geringe Änderungen der Ausgangsleistung bei Netzspannungsänderungen bewirkt. Außerdem wird erreicht, daß die Spannung am Ausgang, d.h. am Glättungskondensator etwa die Höhe des Scheitelwertes der Netzspannung besitzt, so daß der Kondensator nicht für hohe Betriebsspannungen ausgelegt sein muß.Such a circuit design ensures that the third harmonic in the mains current complies with the existing regulations and that the circuit causes only slight changes in the output power when the mains voltage changes. It is also achieved that the voltage at the output, i.e. on the smoothing capacitor has approximately the height of the peak value of the mains voltage, so that the capacitor does not have to be designed for high operating voltages.

Die verbleibenden höheren harmonischen Schwingungen werden durch die Induktivität der Netzdrossel begrenzt, wobei die Drossel gleichzeitig die betriebsfrequente Störspannung auf den Netzzuleitungen auf die nach VDE 0875, Teil 2, zulässigen Werte senkt. Die Netzdrossel ist dazu entweder zwischen den Netzeingang der Schaltungsanordnung und den Netzgleichrichter oder zwischen den Gleichstromausgang des Netzgleichrichters und den parallel zu diesem Ausgang liegenden Stützkondensator geschaltet. Im letzten Fall ist zusätzlich parallel zum Stützkondensator eine Diode in Sperrichtung geschaltet, um Oberwellen höherer Ordnung weitgehend zu verkleinern. Die Netzdrossel kann aus zwei Wicklungsblöcken bestehen, wobei in jede der beiden Wechsel- bzw. Gleichstromzuleitungen ein Wicklungsblock geschaltet ist. Eine Schaltungsanordnung dieser Art eignet sich insbesondere für den Betrieb von Leuchtstofflampen mit kleinerer Leistungsaufnahme.The remaining higher harmonic vibrations are limited by the inductance of the line choke, the choke simultaneously reducing the operating frequency interference voltage on the supply lines to the values permitted by VDE 0875, Part 2. For this purpose, the line reactor is connected either between the line input of the circuit arrangement and the line rectifier or between the DC output of the line rectifier and the backup capacitor lying parallel to this output. In the latter case, a diode is also connected in the reverse direction in parallel with the backup capacitor in order to largely reduce higher-order harmonics. The line reactor can consist of two winding blocks, one winding block in each of the two AC or DC supply lines is switched. A circuit arrangement of this type is particularly suitable for the operation of fluorescent lamps with a lower power consumption.

Für den Betrieb von Lampen mit hoher Leistungsaufnahme ist eine weitere Senkung der Transistor-Verlustleistungen notwendig. Dies wird mit Hilfe eines Kondensators erreicht, der zwischen dem Mittenabgriff zwischen den beiden Dioden und dem Mittenabgriff zwischen der Resonanzinduktivität und der entsprechenden Elektrode der Lampe geschaltet ist. Durch das Verhältnis der Kapazitäten dieses Kondensators zu dem, der mit dem Mittenabgriff zwischen den beiden Transistoren verbunden ist, wird die Sinusform beeinflußt und die rückzuspeisende Energie eingestellt. Je nach Lampentyp kann der erste Kondensator auch direkt mit einer Anzapfung der Resonanzinduktivität verbunden sein.A further reduction in the transistor power losses is necessary for the operation of lamps with a high power consumption. This is achieved with the aid of a capacitor which is connected between the center tap between the two diodes and the center tap between the resonance inductance and the corresponding electrode of the lamp. The ratio of the capacitances of this capacitor to that which is connected to the center tap between the two transistors influences the sinusoid shape and adjusts the energy to be fed back. Depending on the lamp type, the first capacitor can also be connected directly to a tap of the resonance inductance.

Die bisher beschriebene Schaltungsanordnung eignet sich für Beleuchtungsgeräte, bei denen die Niederdruckentladungslampe fest mit der Schaltung verbunden ist. Im Fall, daß das Gerät eine Auswechslung der Lampe gestattet, ist bei der Schaltungsanordnung der Mittenabgriff zwischen den beiden Dioden über einen Kondensator nicht mit dem Mittenabgriff zwischen der Resonanzinduktivität und der entsprechenden Elektrode, sondern mit der heizkreisseitigen Stromzuführung derselben Elektrode zu verbinden. Beim Wechseln der Niederdruckentladungslampe liegen dann keine hohen Spannungen an den Lampenanschlüssen an, so daß ein gefahrloser Wechsel ermöglicht wird.The circuit arrangement described so far is suitable for lighting devices in which the low-pressure discharge lamp is firmly connected to the circuit. In the event that the device allows the lamp to be replaced, the center tap between the two diodes via a capacitor should not be connected to the center tap between the resonance inductance and the corresponding electrode in the circuit arrangement, but rather to the heating circuit-side power supply of the same electrode. When changing the low-pressure discharge lamp, there are then no high voltages at the lamp connections, so that a safe change is made possible.

In einer weiteren speziellen Ausführungsform der Schaltungsanordnung kann auch jede der heizkreisseitigen Stromzuführung der Elektroden über einen Kondensator mit der netzseitigen Stromzuführung der anderen Elektrode der Lampe verbunden sein. Dadurch wird die Güte des Resonanzkreises erhöht, so daß sich diese Schaltungsvariante insbesondere zum Betrieb von Niederdruckentladungslampen mit hohen Brennspannungen oder zum Betrieb normaler Niederdruckentladungslampen an niedrigen Netzspannungen, wie z.B. 110 V eignet.In a further special embodiment of the Circuit arrangement can also each of the heating circuit-side power supply of the electrodes be connected via a capacitor to the mains-side power supply of the other electrode of the lamp. This increases the quality of the resonance circuit, so that this circuit variant is particularly suitable for operating low-pressure discharge lamps with high operating voltages or for operating normal low-pressure discharge lamps at low mains voltages, such as 110 V.

Die Erfindung ist anhand der nachfolgenden Figuren näher veranschaulicht.

Figur 1
zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb einer Niederdruckentladungslampe, bei der die Lampe fest mit der Schaltungsanordnung verbunden ist.
Figur 2
zeigt eine Schaltungsvariante Aʹ für den netzfrequenten Teil A der Schaltungsanordnung gemäß Figur 1.
Figur 3
zeigt eine Schaltungsvariante Bʹ für die Anknüpfung B des Oberwellenfilters in der Schaltungsanordnung gemäß Figur 1.
Figur 4
zeigt den vom Netz aufgenommenen sinusförmigen Stromfluß bei einer Schaltungsanordnung ohne und mit Netzdrossel
Figur 5
zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb einer Niederdruckentladungslampe, die einen gefahrlosen Wechsel der Lampe ermöglicht.
Figur 6
zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb von Niederdruckentladungslampen mit hoher Brennspannung bzw. zum Betrieb von Niederdruckentladungslampen an niedrigen Netzspannungen.
The invention is illustrated in more detail by the following figures.
Figure 1
shows a circuit arrangement according to the invention for operating a low-pressure discharge lamp, in which the lamp is firmly connected to the circuit arrangement.
Figure 2
shows a circuit variant Aʹ for the line frequency part A of the circuit arrangement according to Figure 1.
Figure 3
shows a circuit variant Bʹ for the connection B of the harmonic filter in the circuit arrangement according to Figure 1.
Figure 4
shows the sinusoidal current flow recorded by the network in a circuit arrangement with and without a line reactor
Figure 5
shows an inventive circuit arrangement for operating a low-pressure discharge lamp, which enables a safe change of the lamp.
Figure 6
shows a circuit arrangement according to the invention for operating low-pressure discharge lamps with a high operating voltage or for operating low-pressure discharge lamps at low mains voltages.

Figur 1 zeigt eine Schaltungsanordnung zum Betrieb einer Niederdruckentladungslampe, bei der die Lampe fest mit der Schaltungsanordnung verbunden ist. Hauptbestandteil der Schaltungsanordnung ist der Gegentaktfrequenzgenerator, bestehend aus den beiden Transistoren T1, T2 mit den Rücklaufdioden D2, D3 (diese können bei Integration in die Transistoren entfallen), den Vorschaltwiderständen R2 bis R5 und dem Anlaufgenerator, bestehend aus den Widerständen R1 und R6, dem Startkondensator C3 und dem Diac DK sowie dem Rückkopplungsringkerntrafo RK. Die Niederdruckentladungslampe LP ist mit einer Elektrode E1 mit dem Mittenabgriff M1 zwischen den Kollektor-Emitter-Strecken der beiden Transistoren T1, T2 und mit der anderen Elektroden E2 mit dem Pluspol des Netzgleichrichters GL verbunden. Der Serienresonanzkreis besteht aus der Resonanzinduktivität L1, dem Kopplungskondensator C5 und dem Resonanzkondensator C6, wobei die Resonanzinduktivität L1 und der Kopplungskondensator C5 zwischen den Mittenabgriff M1 und die Elektrode E1 und der Resonanzkondensator C6 in den Heizkreis der Lampe LP gelegt ist. Die Funktionsweise des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators in Kombination mit dem Serienresonanzkreis zum Betrieb der Lampe kann dem Buch "Elektronik-Schaltungen" von W. Hirschmann (Siemens Aktiengesellschaft), S. 148, entnommen werden und soll daher hier nicht näher erläutert werden.FIG. 1 shows a circuit arrangement for operating a low-pressure discharge lamp, in which the lamp is firmly connected to the circuit arrangement. The main component of the circuit arrangement is the push-pull frequency generator, consisting of the two transistors T1, T2 with the flyback diodes D2, D3 (these can be omitted when integrated into the transistors), the series resistors R2 to R5 and the start-up generator, consisting of the resistors R1 and R6, the Start capacitor C3 and the Diac DK and the feedback toroid transformer RK. The low-pressure discharge lamp LP is connected to an electrode E1 with the center tap M1 between the collector-emitter paths of the two transistors T1, T2 and with the other electrodes E2 to the positive pole of the mains rectifier GL. The series resonance circuit consists of the resonance inductance L1, the coupling capacitor C5 and the resonance capacitor C6, the resonance inductance L1 and the coupling capacitor C5 being placed between the center tap M1 and the electrode E1 and the resonance capacitor C6 in the heating circuit of the lamp LP. The mode of operation of the push-pull frequency generator in combination with the series resonance circuit for operating the lamp can be found in the book "Electronics Circuits" by W. Hirschmann (Siemens Aktiengesellschaft), p. 148, and will therefore not be explained in more detail here.

Zwischen den Netzeingang und den Gleichrichter GL ist neben der Sicherung SI und dem üblichen Filterkondensator C1 parallel zum Netzeingang sowie neben je einem Wicklungsblock einer stromkompensierten Filterdrossel FD in jede Zuleitung ein Wicklungsblock einer Netz-Eisendrossel L2 geschaltet. Außerdem sind in Reihe zum Stützkondensator C2, der parallel zum Gleichstromausgang des Netzgleichrichters GL liegt, in Gleichstromvorwärtsrichtung hintereinander zwei schnelle Dioden D4, D5 geschaltet. Der Mittenabgriff M2 zwischen den beiden Dioden D4, D5 ist über einen Kondensator C7 mit dem Mittenabgriff M1 zwischen den Kollektor-Emitter-Strecken der beiden Transistoren T1, T2 und außerdem über einem Kondensator C8 mit dem Mittenabgriff M3 zwischen der Resonanzinduktivität L1 und dem Kopplungskondensator C5 verbunden. Parallel zu den Schaltstrecken der Transistoren T1, T2 ist als Glättungskondensator ein Elektrolytkondensator C4 geschaltet.Between the mains input and the rectifier GL, in addition to the fuse SI and the usual filter capacitor C1 parallel to the mains input and in addition to a winding block of a current-compensated filter choke FD, a winding block of a mains iron choke L2 is connected in each supply line. In addition, two high-speed diodes D4, D5 are connected in series to the backup capacitor C2, which is parallel to the DC output of the mains rectifier GL, in the forward DC direction. The center tap M2 between the two diodes D4, D5 is via a capacitor C7 with the center tap M1 between the collector-emitter paths of the two transistors T1, T2 and also via a capacitor C8 with the center tap M3 between the resonance inductance L1 and the coupling capacitor C5 connected. An electrolytic capacitor C4 is connected in parallel with the switching paths of the transistors T1, T2 as a smoothing capacitor.

In Figur 2 und 3 sind zwei Schaltungsvarianten für die in Figur 1 dargestellte Schaltungsanordnung abgebildet. Figur 2 zeigt eine Schaltungsvariante Aʹ für den netzfrequenten Teil A der Schaltungsanordnung mit übereinstimmenden Anschlußpunkten P1 und P2. Zwischen Netzeingang und Gleichrichter GLʹ ist bei dieser Variante parallel zum Eingang nur ein Filterkondensator C1ʹ und in jede Zuleitung je ein Wicklungsblock einer stromkompensierten Filterdrossel FDʹ sowie in eine Zuleitung eine Sicherung SIʹ geschaltet. Die beiden Wicklungsblöcke der Netzdrossel L2ʹ sind jeweils in die beiden Gleichstromausgänge des Netzgleichrichters GLʹ gelegt. Zusätzlich weist diese Schaltungsvariante parallel zum Kondensator C2ʹ eine Diode D6 in Sperrichtung auf, um die Oberwellen höherer Ordnung zu verringern.2 and 3 show two circuit variants for the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 1. Figure 2 shows a circuit variant Aʹ for the line frequency part A of the circuit arrangement with matching connection points P1 and P2. In this variant, only one filter capacitor C1ʹ and one winding block of a current-compensated filter choke FDʹ as well as one fuse SIʹ are connected in parallel to the input between the mains input and the rectifier GL parallel. The two winding blocks of the line reactor L2ʹ are each placed in the two DC outputs of the line rectifier GLʹ. In addition, this circuit variant has a parallel to the capacitor C2ʹ Reverse diode D6 to reduce higher order harmonics.

Figur 3 zeigt eine Schaltungsvariante Bʹ für die Art der Anknüpfung B des zweiten Kondensators des Oberwellenfilters mit identischen Anknüpfungspunkten P3 bis P7. Der Kondensator C8ʹ ist hierbei direkt mit einer Anzapfungswindung der Resonanzinduktivität L1ʹ verbunden. Die anderen Schaltungselemente, wie die beiden Kondensatoren C4ʹ und C8ʹ , die Rückkopplungstrafowicklung RKʹ, der Resonanzkondensator L1ʹ und der Kopplungskondensator C5ʹ entsprechend den Elementen C4, C8, RK, L1 und C5 der Figur 1.FIG. 3 shows a circuit variant Bʹ for the type of connection B of the second capacitor of the harmonic filter with identical connection points P3 to P7. The capacitor C8ʹ is directly connected to a tap winding of the resonance inductor L1ʹ. The other circuit elements, such as the two capacitors C4ʹ and C8ʹ, the feedback transformer winding RKʹ, the resonance capacitor L1ʹ and the coupling capacitor C5ʹ corresponding to the elements C4, C8, RK, L1 and C5 in FIG. 1.

Vor der Diode D4 liegt am Stützkondensator C2 die Gleichspannung U2, hinter der Diode D5 am Glättungskondensator C4 die Gleichspannung U3. Die beiden Dioden D4, D5 klemmen entsprechend der jeweiligen Differenz U2 - U3 die über den Kondensator C7 gelieferte hochfrequente Wechselspannung U4 vom Gegentaktfrequenzgenerator halbwellenalternierend an die Spannung U2 bzw. U3. Damit wird ein Stromfluß während der Differenzphasen "aufwärts" und "abwärts" der gleichgerichteten 100 Hz-Wechselspannung ermöglicht, so daß ein im wesentlichen sinusförmiger Stromfluß vom Netz her auftritt. Insbesondere durch einen großen Kapazitätswert des Kondensators C7 wird eine ausgezeichnete Sinusstromform erreicht. Die durch obige Maßnahmen auftretende höhere Verlustleistung an den Transistoren T1, T2 wird durch den ebenfalls am Mittenabgriff M2 angeschlossenen Kondensator C8 ausgeschaltet, wobei sich durch das Verhältnis C7, C8 die Sinusform entsprechend beeinflussen läßt.The direct voltage U2 is present in front of the diode D4 on the supporting capacitor C2, the direct voltage U3 is located behind the diode D5 on the smoothing capacitor C4. The two diodes D4, D5 clamp the high-frequency alternating voltage U4 supplied via the capacitor C7 from the push-pull frequency generator to the voltage U2 or U3 in a half-wave alternating manner in accordance with the respective difference U2-U3. This enables a current to flow during the differential phases "up" and "down" of the rectified 100 Hz AC voltage, so that an essentially sinusoidal current flow occurs from the network. An excellent sine current shape is achieved in particular by a large capacitance value of the capacitor C7. The higher power loss at the transistors T1, T2 which occurs as a result of the above measures is switched off by the capacitor C8 which is likewise connected to the center tap M2, the sinusoidal shape being able to be influenced accordingly by the ratio C7, C8.

Figur 4a, 4b zeigt den vom Netz her aufgenommenen sinusförmigen Stromfluß bei Verwendung eines Oberwellenfilters aus den oben aufgeführten Dioden D4, D5 und Kondensatoren C7, C8. Figur 4a stellt dabei den pro Zeiteinheit t vom Netz aufgenommenen Stromfluß IN ohne zusätzliche Netz-Eisendrossel L2 und Figur 4b den Stromfluß IN pro Zeiteinheit t mit zusätzlicher Netz-Eisendrossel L2 dar. Ohne Eisendrossel L2 ist der Stromfluß weitgehend sinusförmig, wie durch die Grundwelle 1 verdeutlicht wird. Es sind jedoch noch Rest-Ladespitzen 2 vorhanden. Durch die Eisendrossel L2 werden die über die Grundwelle 1 hinausragenden Ladespitzen in verschliffene Stromspitzen 3 umgeformt, so daß die entstandene Endstromform die entsprechenden Vorschriften erfüllt. Die Netz-Eisendrossel schafft noch zwei weitere wesentliche Vorteile: Die Funkstörungen, die von der Gleichspannung U2 am Stützkondensator C2 stammen, werden stark reduziert und die Eingangsimpedanz bleibt für Rundsteuersignale induktiv.Figure 4a, 4b shows the sinusoidal current flow recorded by the network when using a harmonic filter made of the diodes D4, D5 and capacitors C7, C8 listed above. Figure 4a shows the current flow I N absorbed by the network per time unit t without additional network iron choke L2 and Figure 4b shows the current flow I N per time unit t with additional network iron choke L2. Without iron choke L2, the current flow is largely sinusoidal, as by the Fundamental wave 1 is clarified. However, there are still remaining charging tips 2. The iron choke L2 converts the charging peaks protruding beyond the fundamental wave 1 into smoothed current peaks 3, so that the final current shape which is created fulfills the corresponding regulations. The line iron choke creates two further significant advantages: The radio interference that comes from the DC voltage U2 at the support capacitor C2 is greatly reduced and the input impedance remains inductive for ripple control signals.

Zum Betrieb einer 36 W-Kompaktleuchtstofflampe sind in der nachfolgenden Bestückungsliste die Schaltungselemente für eine erfindungsgemäße Schaltungsanordnung wie in Figur 1 zusammengestellt:

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
 For the operation of a 36 W compact fluorescent lamp, the circuit elements for a circuit arrangement according to the invention are compiled in the following equipment list as in FIG. 1:
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002

In Figur 5 ist eine Variante der Schaltungsanordnung dargestellt, die einen gefahrlosen Wechsel der Niederdruckentladungslampe ermöglicht. Die Schaltungsanordnung entspricht weitgehend der in der Figur 1 dargestellten Schaltung. Anstelle des Kondensators C8, der den Mittenabgriff M2 zwischen den beiden Dioden D4, D5 mit dem Mittenabgriff M3 zwischen Resonanzinduktivität L1 und Kopplungskondensator C5 verbindet, ist hier lediglich ein Kondensator C9 vorgesehen, der den Mittenabgriff M2 mit dem Heizkreis der Lampe LP verbindet. Im Fall der Herausnahme der Lampe wird bei dieser Schaltungsvariante auch der Gegentaktfrequenzgenerator abgeschaltet.FIG. 5 shows a variant of the circuit arrangement which enables the low-pressure discharge lamp to be changed safely. The circuit arrangement largely corresponds to the circuit shown in FIG. 1. Instead of the capacitor C8, which connects the center tap M2 between the two diodes D4, D5 with the center tap M3 between the resonance inductor L1 and the coupling capacitor C5, only a capacitor C9 is provided here, which connects the center tap M2 to the heating circuit of the lamp LP. If the lamp is removed, the push-pull frequency generator is also switched off in this circuit variant.

Figur 6 zeigt eine Schaltungsanordnung, die sich speziell für den Betrieb von Niederdruckentladungslampen mit hoher Brennspannung oder den Betrieb von Niederdruckentladungslampen mit normal hoher Brennspannung an niedrigen Netzspannungen, wie z.B. 110 V eignet. Diese Schaltungsanordnung stimmt bis auf den Heizkreis mit der in Figur 1 dargestellten Schaltungsanordnung überein. Im Heizkreis wird bei dieser Schaltung der netzseitige Anschluß der Elektrode E2 über einen Kondensator C10 mit dem heizkreisseitigen Anschluß der Elektrode E1 und der netzseitige Anschluß E1 über einen Kondensator C11 mit dem heizkreisseitigen Anschluß der Elektrode E2 verbunden. Durch diese Änderung wird die dämpfende Wirkung der beiden Elektroden E1, E2 auf den Schwingkreis auf ein Viertel reduziert. Dadurch ergeben sich höhere Spannungsimpulse, die auch bei niedriger Netzspannung bzw. hoher Brennspannung die Lampe zu zünden vermögenFigure 6 shows a circuit arrangement that is specifically for the operation of low-pressure discharge lamps with high operating voltage or the operation of low-pressure discharge lamps with normal high operating voltage at low mains voltages, such as 110 V, is suitable. Except for the heating circuit, this circuit arrangement corresponds to the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. In the heating circuit, in this circuit, the network-side connection of the electrode E2 is connected via a capacitor C10 to the heating circuit-side connection of the electrode E1 and the network-side connection E1 is connected via a capacitor C11 to the heating circuit-side connection of the electrode E2. This change reduces the damping effect of the two electrodes E1, E2 on the resonant circuit to a quarter. This results in higher voltage pulses, which can ignite the lamp even at low mains voltage or high operating voltage

Claims (9)

  1. Circuit arrangement for the high-frequency operation of a low-pressure discharge lamp (LP) comprising a mains rectifier (GL) with storage capacitor (C2) connected in parallel with the direct-current output, a push-pull frequency generator, the alternatingly switching transistors (T1, T2) being driven via feedback with a current transformer (RK), and a series resonant circuit of resonant inductance (L1), coupling capacitor (C5) and resonant capacitor (C6), the resonant inductance (L1) being connected between the centre tap (M1) of the two transistors (T1, T2) and the corresponding electrode (E1) of the lamp (LP) and the resonant capacitor (C6) being connected in the heating circuit of the lamp (LP), characterized in that two diodes (D4, D5) are connected in direct-current forward direction in series with the storage capacitor (C2), the centre tap (M2) between the two diodes (D4, D5) is connected via a capacitor (C7) to the centre tap (M1) between the two transistors (T1, T2) and a mains choke (L2, L2') is connected into the mains-frequency part of the circuit arrangement.
  2. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the mains choke (L2) is connected between the mains input of the circuit arrangement and the mains rectifier (GL).
  3. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the mains choke (L2') is connected between the direct-current output of the mains rectifier (GL') and the storage capacitor (C2') which is connected in parallel with this output.
  4. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 3, characterized in that a diode (D6) is connected in the reverse direction in parallel with the storage capacitor (C2').
  5. Circuit arrangement according to one or more of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the mains choke (L2, 12') consists of two winding blocks, one winding block being connected into each of the two alternating- and direct-current feed lines, respectively.
  6. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the centre tap (M2) between the two diodes (D4, D5) is also connected via a capacitor (C8) to the centre tap (M3) between the resonant inductance (L1) and the electrode (E1) of the lamp (LP).
  7. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the centre tap (M2) between the two diodes is also connected via a capacitor (C8') to a tap on the resonant inductance (L1').
  8. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that the centre tap (M2) between the two diodes (D4, D5) is also connected via a capacitor (C9) to the heating-circuit-side current feed of the electrode (E1) of the lamp (LP), the other current feed of which is connected to the centre tap (M1) between the transistors (T1, T2).
  9. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 1, characterized in that each of the heating-circuit-side current feeds of the electrodes (E1, E2) is connected via a capacitor (C10, C11) to the mains-side current feed of the other electrode (E2, E1) of the lamp (LP).
EP87104991A 1986-04-07 1987-04-03 Circuit arrangement for the high-frequency operation of low-pressure discharge lamps Expired - Lifetime EP0244644B1 (en)

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DE19863611611 DE3611611A1 (en) 1986-04-07 1986-04-07 CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR HIGH-FREQUENCY OPERATION OF A LOW-PRESSURE DISCHARGE LAMP
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DE3611611A1 (en) 1987-10-08
EP0244644A1 (en) 1987-11-11

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