EP0808085A2 - High frequency operating circuit with improved electromagnetic compatibility for low pressure discharge lamps - Google Patents
High frequency operating circuit with improved electromagnetic compatibility for low pressure discharge lamps Download PDFInfo
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- EP0808085A2 EP0808085A2 EP97107207A EP97107207A EP0808085A2 EP 0808085 A2 EP0808085 A2 EP 0808085A2 EP 97107207 A EP97107207 A EP 97107207A EP 97107207 A EP97107207 A EP 97107207A EP 0808085 A2 EP0808085 A2 EP 0808085A2
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- capacitor
- push
- frequency generator
- lamp
- pump
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc
- H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters
- H05B41/295—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from dc by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage dc using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps with preheating electrodes, e.g. for fluorescent lamps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/355—Power factor correction [PFC]; Reactive power compensation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an operating circuit for one or more lamps, in particular low-pressure discharge lamps, which are to be operated with high-frequency power.
- the high-frequency operation of low-pressure discharge lamps has the advantage of a significant increase in the efficiency of the lamp in addition to the avoidance of a line-frequency modulation of the emitted light during line operation.
- CH Sturm and E. Klein “Operating Devices and Circuits for Electric Lamps", 6th edition 1992, Siemens AG, especially pages 121 to 137, and W. Hirschmann “Electronic Circuits", 1982, Siemens AG, pages 147 and 148.
- the invention is based on a circuit for high-frequency operation of at least one lamp according to the preamble of claims 1 and 2.
- this circuit from the prior art has a resonance capacitor for lamp ignition, which is connected directly in parallel with the lamp, and a capacitor connected between the center tap of the push-pull frequency generator and the center tap between the diodes of one of the pump branches (referred to there as C6 or C7 ).
- C6 or C7 shows the corresponding circuit structure, the capacitors above being designated C6 and CT2 there.
- the name of the rest Components corresponds to the reference numerals in the preamble of claim 1.
- Electronic ballasts for lamps operated with high frequency generally show high-frequency feedback on the network (in network operation) or another voltage source and high-frequency electromagnetic radiation.
- the sensitivity of other electronic devices and the growing density of such devices in the immediate operating environment of electronic ballasts for lamps place ever increasing demands on the electromagnetic compatibility of an electronic ballast as a potential high-frequency interference source.
- C.H. Sturm and E. Klein op. Cit., P.122 ff).
- the invention is based on the technical problem of further improving the operating properties of the circuit from the prior art, taking particular account of the electromagnetic compatibility.
- a trapezoidal capacitor connected behind the pump capacitor, as described above, has the advantage that the push-pull frequency generator is capacitively loaded instead of a parallel connection with a series connection of pump capacitor and trapezoidal capacitor.
- the switching relief of the transistors of the push-pull frequency generator is in fact more difficult to achieve the larger the capacitance connected directly to its center tap.
- the push-pull frequency generator is only capacitively overloaded when the capacitors have larger capacitance values.
- the advantage therefore lies in the fact that the pump capacitor can be chosen larger in favor of the pumping power of the pump branch and the trapezoidal capacitor. Since the pump branch of the harmonic filter improves the sinusoidal shape of the mains current consumption during mains operation, the first point also benefits from electromagnetic compatibility.
- the trapezoidal capacitor connected according to the invention can be used to close a capacitive path parallel to the lamp for lamp ignition by means of resonance voltage amplitudes, so that the conventional lamp-parallel resonant capacitor can be dispensed with. This results in a significant reduction the current load of the push-pull frequency generator around the high-frequency current through the former resonance capacitor.
- trapezoidal capacitor used here has become established in this technical field and refers to a generally relatively small capacitor which is used for the temporal "damping" of recharging and potential jump processes, which without it is relatively “hard”, i.e. would run with very steep potential-time edges, but get a beveled, trapezoidal potential-time shape through the trapezoidal capacitor.
- the circuit according to the invention finds an advantageous and important field of application in high-frequency discharge lamps and in particular in low-pressure discharge lamps.
- the electronic ballasts on which the invention is based are usually operated via a mains rectifier on the AC mains.
- the pump branch has a series connection of two diodes between the DC voltage source and an external tap of the push-pull frequency generator, the forward direction of the diodes corresponding to the direct voltage source polarity. It connects a center tap between the two diodes via the pump capacitor to a point between a resonance inductance - as usual - connected to the center tap of the push-pull frequency generator and the connection of the first lamp electrode.
- a trapezoidal capacitor is assigned to this pump branch, which can be connected on the pump branch side to the center tap between the diodes.
- a pump branch in turn has a series connection of two diodes between the DC voltage source and an external tap of the push-pull frequency generator with the forward direction of the diodes corresponding to the DC voltage source polarity, but connects a center tap between the two diodes via the pump capacitor directly to the center tap of the push-pull frequency generator.
- a trapezoidal capacitor is assigned to this pump branch according to the invention, which can be connected on the pump branch side to the center tap between the diodes.
- a circuit according to the invention can have two or more pump branches, a trapezoidal capacitor being provided for part or all of the pump branches.
- a typical dimensioning for the capacitance of the trapezoidal capacitor or capacitors can in each case be one fifth to one twentieth, or approximately one tenth of the capacitance of the respective capacitor or capacitors in the corresponding pump branches.
- Fig. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit forming the preamble of claims 1 and 2 from the prior art.
- Fig. 2 shows the embodiment.
- a line rectifier represented by the diode bridge is shown as the DC voltage source.
- a rectified voltage which is modulated through at 100 Hz is present at the supporting capacitor C3, generally any voltage with a DC voltage component.
- the rectified voltage is supplied via diodes D1 to D4 belonging to a harmonic filter described below and via the smoothing capacitor C4 connected between the positive and negative lines located above in the figures, a half bridge made of two bipolar transistors T1 and T2. Together with a control transformer (not shown) for controlling the bases of T1 and T2, a push-pull frequency generator is formed which, to put it graphically, alternately pushes the potential of the center tap between the transistors to the potential of the plus and that of the minus line.
- a control transformer not shown
- the control transformer is described in the documents cited at the outset, in particular also by CH Sturm and E. Klein and W. Hirschmann, and essentially consists of a primary winding in series with a resonance inductor L1 and two connected to the center tap between the transistors T1 and T2 Secondary windings wound in opposite directions to one another in the drive circuits to the bases of the transistors.
- the saturation inductance is designed so that there are short switching pauses between the line periods of the two transistors T1 and T2.
- the starting circuit essentially consists of a capacitor which discharges through the forward voltage of a DIAC into one of the transistor bases and is also described in the cited documents.
- the transistors are each provided with free-wheeling diodes parallel to the switching path to clear the space charges in the transistors in the off state.
- a series circuit made up of the resonance inductance L1, a low-pressure discharge lamp, i.e. their discharge path, and a coupling capacitor C5 for DC separation.
- a pump capacitor C1 is connected between a center tap of the diode series circuit composed of D1 and D2 on the one hand and a connection point between the resonance inductance L1 and the corresponding connection of the lamp, thus forming a first pump branch of a harmonic filter.
- a second pump branch is formed from the diodes D3 and D4 and the pump capacitor C2 connected between their center tap and the center tap of the push-pull frequency generator.
- the pump branch D1, D2, C1 taps a high-frequency potential between L1 and the lamp, carries out a conversion into a pump current via the capacitor C1 and supplements the voltage U G to the voltage E with this current rectified by the diodes D1 and D2 of the other pump branches D3, D4, C2 using the potential at the center tap of the transistor bridge.
- This harmonic filter with the branches D1, D2, C1 and D3, D4, C2 is to generate a voltage E which is as smooth as possible with respect to the voltage U G at the supporting capacitor C3, and at the same time a sinusoidal mains current consumption of the mains rectifier by returning energy to the smoothing capacitor C4 ensure.
- the electromagnetic compatibility should not only be optimized with regard to the feedback into the DC voltage source, in this case via the rectifier circuit in the network, but also with regard to the electromagnetic radiation. For further details, reference is made to the cited documents, in particular EP 0 253 224 B1.
- the lower connection of the capacitor CT2 is shifted, so to speak, behind the pump capacitor C2, so that the capacitor in FIG. 2 lies between the center tap between D3 and D4 on the one hand and the upper positive line, that is the upper external tap of the push-pull frequency generator on the other hand. It therefore forms in series with C2 a trapezoidal capacitor for the push-pull frequency generator and also a trapezoidal capacitor for the pump branch D3, D4, C2.
- the lamp-parallel resonance capacitor also provided in the prior art mentioned and designated there and in FIG. 1 with C6 is moved according to the invention in the same way behind a pump capacitor, namely behind that of the other pump branch, C1. There it is shown in FIG. 2 and labeled CT1.
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Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Betriebsschaltung für eine oder mehrere Lampen, insbesondere Niederdruckentladungslampen, die mit einer Hochfrequenzleistung betrieben werden sollen. Der Hochfrequenzbetrieb von Niederdruckentladungslampen hat neben der Vermeidung einer netzfrequenten Modulation des abgestrahlten Lichtes bei Netzbetrieb den Vorteil einer deutlichen Wirkungsgradsteigerung der Lampe. Für eine Einführung in den grundsätzlichen Schaltungsaufbau entsprechender Vorschaltgeräte wird verwiesen auf C. H. Sturm und E. Klein "Betriebsgeräte und Schaltungen für elektrische Lampen", 6. Auflage 1992, Siemens AG, insbesondere Seiten 121 bis 137, sowie auf W. Hirschmann "Elektronikschaltungen", 1982, Siemens AG, Seiten 147 und 148.The present invention relates to an operating circuit for one or more lamps, in particular low-pressure discharge lamps, which are to be operated with high-frequency power. The high-frequency operation of low-pressure discharge lamps has the advantage of a significant increase in the efficiency of the lamp in addition to the avoidance of a line-frequency modulation of the emitted light during line operation. For an introduction to the basic circuit structure of corresponding ballasts, please refer to CH Sturm and E. Klein "Operating Devices and Circuits for Electric Lamps", 6th edition 1992, Siemens AG, especially pages 121 to 137, and W. Hirschmann "Electronic Circuits", 1982, Siemens AG, pages 147 and 148.
Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Schaltung zum hochfrequenten Betrieb zumindest einer Lampe gemäß dem Oberbegriff der Ansprüche 1 und 2.The invention is based on a circuit for high-frequency operation of at least one lamp according to the preamble of
Eine Schaltung der genannten Art zeigt die EP 0 253 224 B1, von der die Erfindung abgegrenzt ist.A circuit of the type mentioned is shown in EP 0 253 224 B1, from which the invention is delimited.
Diese Schaltung aus dem Stand der Technik weist über die genannten Komponenten hinaus einen zur Lampe direkt parallel geschalteten Resonanzkondensator für die Lampenzündung sowie einen zwischen den Mittenabgriff des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators und den Mittenabgriff zwischen den Dioden eines der Pumpzweige geschalteten Kondensator auf (dort mit C6 bzw. C7 bezeichnet). Fig. 1 zeigt den entsprechenden Schaltungsaufbau, wobei die obigen Kondensatoren dort mit C6 bzw. CT2 bezeichnet sind. Die Bezeichnung der übrigen Komponenten entspricht den Bezugszeichen im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Zur weiteren Beschreibung dieser Schaltung wird auf die weiter unten folgende Beschreibung der Erfindung verwiesen, deren in Fig. 2 gezeigtes Ausführungsbeispiel auf der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Schaltung aufbaut.In addition to the above-mentioned components, this circuit from the prior art has a resonance capacitor for lamp ignition, which is connected directly in parallel with the lamp, and a capacitor connected between the center tap of the push-pull frequency generator and the center tap between the diodes of one of the pump branches (referred to there as C6 or C7 ). 1 shows the corresponding circuit structure, the capacitors above being designated C6 and CT2 there. The name of the rest Components corresponds to the reference numerals in the preamble of claim 1. For a further description of this circuit, reference is made to the description of the invention which follows below and whose exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is based on the circuit shown in FIG. 1.
Elektronische Vorschaltgeräte für mit Hochfrequenz betriebene Lampen zeigen generell hochfrequente Rückkopplungen auf das Netz (bei Netzbetrieb) oder eine andere Spannungsquelle sowie eine hochfrequente elektromagnetische Abstrahlung. Die Empfindlichkeit anderer elektronischer Einrichtungen und die wachsende Dichte solcher Einrichtungen in der unmittelbaren Betriebsumgebung elektronischer Vorschaltgeräte für Lampen stellen jedoch ständig steigende Anforderungen an die elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit eines elektronischen Vorschaltgeräts als potentieller Hochfrequenzstörungsquelle. Es wird verwiesen auf C.H. Sturm und E. Klein (a.a.O., S.122 ff).Electronic ballasts for lamps operated with high frequency generally show high-frequency feedback on the network (in network operation) or another voltage source and high-frequency electromagnetic radiation. However, the sensitivity of other electronic devices and the growing density of such devices in the immediate operating environment of electronic ballasts for lamps place ever increasing demands on the electromagnetic compatibility of an electronic ballast as a potential high-frequency interference source. Reference is made to C.H. Sturm and E. Klein (op. Cit., P.122 ff).
Der Erfindung liegt das technische Problem zugrunde, die Betriebseigenschaften der Schaltung aus dem Stand der Technik unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der elektromagnetischen Verträglichkeit weiter zu verbessern.The invention is based on the technical problem of further improving the operating properties of the circuit from the prior art, taking particular account of the electromagnetic compatibility.
Dieses Problem wird gelöst durch eine Schaltung der im Oberbegriff der Ansprüche 1 und 2 beschriebenen Art, die dadurch gekennzeichnet ist,
- daß zwischen einem Punkt zumindest eines Pumpzweiges, der von dem Mittenabgriff des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators aus hinter dem Kondensator des Pumpzweiges liegt, und einem der Außenabgriffe ein Trapezkondensator vorgesehen ist und somit
- der oder die Pumpkondensatoren des oder der Pumpzweige die einzigen direkt kapazitiv belastend an dem Mittenabgriff des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators angeschlossenen Kondensatoren sind und/oder
- kein der Lampe im Betriebszustand unmittelbar parallel geschalteter Resonanzkondensator zur Lampenzündung vorgesehen ist.
- that a trapezoidal capacitor is provided between a point of at least one pump branch, which lies from the center tap of the push-pull frequency generator behind the capacitor of the pump branch, and one of the outer taps, and thus
- the pump capacitor or pumps of the pump branch or pumps are the only capacitors connected directly to the center tap of the push-pull frequency generator and / or
- none of the lamp in the operating state directly connected resonance capacitor is provided for lamp ignition.
Die Formulierung "im Betriebszustand" soll berücksichtigen, daß spezielle Vorheiz- oder Zündschaltungen unter Umständen während einer Vorheiz- oder Zündphase zu einer Parallelschaltung eines Kondensators führen können, ohne aus dem Bereich der Ansprüche herauszufallen. Entscheidend für den Erfindunggedanken ist nur, daß diese Kondensatoren im Betriebszustand praktisch weggeschaltet sind.The wording “in the operating state” is to take into account that special preheating or ignition circuits can possibly lead to a capacitor being connected in parallel during a preheating or ignition phase without falling outside the scope of the claims. It is only decisive for the idea of the invention that these capacitors are practically disconnected in the operating state.
Ein - wie oben beschrieben - hinter den Pumpkondensator geschalteter Trapezkondensator hat den Vorteil, daß der Gegentaktfrequenzgenerator statt mit einer Parallelschaltung mit einer Reihenschaltung aus Pumpkondensator und Trapezkondensator kapazitiv belastet ist. Die Schaltentlastung der Transistoren des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators ist nämlich umso schwerer zu erreichen, je größer die direkt an seinem Mittenabgriff angeschlossene Kapazität ist.A trapezoidal capacitor connected behind the pump capacitor, as described above, has the advantage that the push-pull frequency generator is capacitively loaded instead of a parallel connection with a series connection of pump capacitor and trapezoidal capacitor. The switching relief of the transistors of the push-pull frequency generator is in fact more difficult to achieve the larger the capacitance connected directly to its center tap.
Wenn also gleichzeitig mit der obigen Trapezkondensatorschaltung der konventionelle parallelgeschaltete Trapezkondensator weggelassen wird, wird der Gegentaktfrequenzgenerator erst bei größeren Kapazitätswerten der Kondensatoren kapazitiv überlastet. Der Vorteil liegt folglich darin, daß der Pumpkondensator zugunsten der Pumpleistung des Pumpzweiges und der Trapezkondensator größer gewählt werden können. Da der Pumpzweig des Oberwellenfilters bei Netzbetrieb die Sinusförmigkeit der Netzstromaufnahme verbessert, kommt auch der erste Punkt der elektromagnetischen Verträglichkeit zugute.If the conventional parallel trapezoidal capacitor is omitted at the same time as the above trapezoidal capacitor circuit, the push-pull frequency generator is only capacitively overloaded when the capacitors have larger capacitance values. The advantage therefore lies in the fact that the pump capacitor can be chosen larger in favor of the pumping power of the pump branch and the trapezoidal capacitor. Since the pump branch of the harmonic filter improves the sinusoidal shape of the mains current consumption during mains operation, the first point also benefits from electromagnetic compatibility.
Ferner kann durch den erfindungsgemäß geschalteten Trapezkondensator ein lampenparalleler kapazitiver Pfad zur Lampenzündung durch Resonanzspannungsamplituden geschlossen werden, so daß der konventionelle lampenparallele Resonanzkondensator entfallen kann. Daraus folgt eine deutliche Verminderung der Strombelastung des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators um den Hochfrequenzstrom durch den vormaligen Resonanzkondensator.Furthermore, the trapezoidal capacitor connected according to the invention can be used to close a capacitive path parallel to the lamp for lamp ignition by means of resonance voltage amplitudes, so that the conventional lamp-parallel resonant capacitor can be dispensed with. This results in a significant reduction the current load of the push-pull frequency generator around the high-frequency current through the former resonance capacitor.
Darüber hinaus ergibt die kapazitive Kopplung eines Anschlußpunktes innerhalb des entsprechenden Pumpzweiges mit dem Außenabgriff des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators eine im Stand der Technik bislang nicht vorgesehene Entstörung des Pumpzweiges.In addition, the capacitive coupling of a connection point within the corresponding pump branch to the external tap of the push-pull frequency generator results in interference suppression of the pump branch which was not previously provided in the prior art.
Insgesamt können also durch Verschiebung eines oder mehrerer Kondensatoren hinter den oder die Pumpkondensatoren gegenüber einer konventionellen Schaltung vielfältige Verbesserungen der Betriebseigenschaften erreicht werden.All in all, various improvements in the operating properties can be achieved by moving one or more capacitors behind the pump capacitor or pumps as compared to a conventional circuit.
Der hier verwendete Begriff "Trapezkondensator" hat sich in diesem technischen Gebiet eingebürgert und bezeichnet einen im allgemeinen relativ kleinen Kondensator, der zur zeitlichen "Abdämpfung" von Umlade- und Potentialsprungvorgängen dient, die ohne ihn relativ "hart", d.h. mit sehr steilen Potential-Zeit-Flanken verlaufen würden, durch den Trapezkondensator jedoch eine abgeschrägte, trapezartige Potential-Zeit-Form erhalten.The term "trapezoidal capacitor" used here has become established in this technical field and refers to a generally relatively small capacitor which is used for the temporal "damping" of recharging and potential jump processes, which without it is relatively "hard", i.e. would run with very steep potential-time edges, but get a beveled, trapezoidal potential-time shape through the trapezoidal capacitor.
Ein vorteilhaftes und wichtiges Anwendungsgebiet findet die erfindungsgemäße Schaltung bei Hochfrequenzentladungslampen und insbesondere bei Niederdruckentladungslampen.The circuit according to the invention finds an advantageous and important field of application in high-frequency discharge lamps and in particular in low-pressure discharge lamps.
Üblicherweise werden die der Erfindung zugrundeliegenden elektronischen Vorschaltgeräte über einen Netzgleichrichter am Wechselstromnetz betrieben. Dabei ergeben sich aus dem obigen erhebliche Vorteile hinsichtlich der Hochfrequenzbeeinträchtigung anderer aus dem Netz versorgter Geräte durch Leitungsübertragung.The electronic ballasts on which the invention is based are usually operated via a mains rectifier on the AC mains. The above results in considerable advantages with regard to the high-frequency impairment of other devices supplied from the network by line transmission.
Nach einer weiteren Ausgestaltung weist der Pumpzweig eine Reihenschaltung zweier Dioden zwischen der Gleichspannungsquelle und einem Außenabgriff des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators auf, wobei die Durchlaßrichtung der Dioden der Gleichspannungsquellenpolarität entspricht. Dabei verbindet er einen Mittenabgriff zwischen den beiden Dioden über den Pumpkondensator mit einem Punkt zwischen einer - wie üblich - an dem Mittenabgriff des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators angeschlossenen Resonanzinduktivität und dem Anschluß der ersten Lampenelektrode. Diesem Pumpzweig ist erfindungsgemäß ein Trapezkondensator zugeordnet, wobei dieser pumpzweigseitig an dem Mittenabgriff zwischen den Dioden angeschlossen sein kann.According to a further embodiment, the pump branch has a series connection of two diodes between the DC voltage source and an external tap of the push-pull frequency generator, the forward direction of the diodes corresponding to the direct voltage source polarity. It connects a center tap between the two diodes via the pump capacitor to a point between a resonance inductance - as usual - connected to the center tap of the push-pull frequency generator and the connection of the first lamp electrode. According to the invention, a trapezoidal capacitor is assigned to this pump branch, which can be connected on the pump branch side to the center tap between the diodes.
Nach einer anderen oder zusätzlichen Ausgestaltung weist ein Pumpzweig wiederum eine Reihenschaltung zweier Dioden zwischen der Gleichspannungsquelle und einem Außenabgriff des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators mit der Gleichspannungsquellenpolarität entsprechender Durchlaßrichtung der Dioden auf, verbindet jedoch einen Mittenabgriff zwischen den beiden Dioden über den Pumpkondensator direkt mit dem Mittenabgriff des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators. Analog ist diesem Pumpzweig erfindungsgemäß ein Trapezkondensator zugeordnet, wobei dieser pumpzweigseitig an dem Mittenabgriff zwischen den Dioden angeschlossen sein kann.According to another or additional embodiment, a pump branch in turn has a series connection of two diodes between the DC voltage source and an external tap of the push-pull frequency generator with the forward direction of the diodes corresponding to the DC voltage source polarity, but connects a center tap between the two diodes via the pump capacitor directly to the center tap of the push-pull frequency generator. Analogously, a trapezoidal capacitor is assigned to this pump branch according to the invention, which can be connected on the pump branch side to the center tap between the diodes.
Generell gilt natürlich, daß eine erfindungsgemäße Schaltung zwei oder mehr Pumpzweige aufweisen kann, wobei für einen Teil der oder alle Pumpzweige jeweils ein Trapezkondensator vorgesehen ist.In general, of course, it applies that a circuit according to the invention can have two or more pump branches, a trapezoidal capacitor being provided for part or all of the pump branches.
Eine typische Bemessung für die Kapazität des oder der Trapezkondensatoren kann jeweils ein Fünftel bis ein Zwanzigstel, oder etwa ein Zehntel der Kapazität des bzw. der jeweiligen Kondensatoren in den entsprechenden Pumpzweigen sein.A typical dimensioning for the capacitance of the trapezoidal capacitor or capacitors can in each case be one fifth to one twentieth, or approximately one tenth of the capacitance of the respective capacitor or capacitors in the corresponding pump branches.
Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Zur besseren Verständlichkeit wird dabei auch auf den eingangs bereits erwähnten Stand der Technik eingegangen.The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment. For better comprehensibility, the prior art already mentioned at the beginning is also discussed.
Fig. 1 zeigt ein schematisches Schaltungsdiagramm einer den Oberbegriff der Ansprüche 1 und 2 bildenden Schaltung aus dem Stand der Technik.Fig. 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a circuit forming the preamble of
Fig. 2 zeigt das Ausführungsbeispiel.Fig. 2 shows the embodiment.
In beiden Fällen ist als Gleichspannungsquelle ein durch die Diodenbrücke dargestellter Netzgleichrichter gezeigt. An dem Stützkondensator C3 liegt eine mit 100 Hz durchmodulierte gleichgerichtete Spannung an, allgemein eine beliebige Spannung mit Gleichspannungsanteil.In both cases, a line rectifier represented by the diode bridge is shown as the DC voltage source. A rectified voltage which is modulated through at 100 Hz is present at the supporting capacitor C3, generally any voltage with a DC voltage component.
Die gleichgerichtete Spannung wird über zu einem weiter unten beschriebenen Oberwellenfilter gehörende Dioden D1 bis D4 und über den zwischen die in den Figuren obenliegende Plus- und die untenliegende Minusleitung geschalteten Glättungskondensator C4 einer Halbbrücke aus zwei Bipolartransistoren T1 und T2 zugeführt. Zusammen mit einem nicht gezeigten Steuerübertrager zur Ansteuerung der Basen von T1 und T2 ist dadurch ein Gegentaktfrequenzgenerator gebildet, der, anschaulich gesagt, das Potential des Mittenabgriffs zwischen den Transistoren alternierend auf das Potential der Plus- und das der Minusleitung schiebt. Der Übersichtlichkeit halber sind in den Figuren für das Prinzip der Erfindung nicht wesentliche Schaltungsteile weggelassen, etwa der Steuerübertrager, die weiter unten noch erwähnte Startschaltung, Vorschaltwiderstände u. dgl..The rectified voltage is supplied via diodes D1 to D4 belonging to a harmonic filter described below and via the smoothing capacitor C4 connected between the positive and negative lines located above in the figures, a half bridge made of two bipolar transistors T1 and T2. Together with a control transformer (not shown) for controlling the bases of T1 and T2, a push-pull frequency generator is formed which, to put it graphically, alternately pushes the potential of the center tap between the transistors to the potential of the plus and that of the minus line. For the sake of clarity, circuit parts that are not essential to the principle of the invention are omitted in the figures, for example the control transformer, the starting circuit, series resistors and the like mentioned below. Like ..
Der Steuerübertrager ist in den eingangs zitierten Schriften, insbesondere auch bei C.H. Sturm und E. Klein und bei W. Hirschmann, beschrieben und besteht im wesentlichen aus einer Primärwicklung in Reihe mit einer an dem Mittenabgriff zwischen den Transistoren T1 und T2 angeschlossenen Resonanzinduktivität L1 und zwei zueinander gegensinnig gewickelten Sekundärwicklungen in den Ansteuerschaltungen zu den Basen der Transistoren. Die Sättigungsinduktivität ist so ausgelegt, daß sich kurze Schaltpausen zwischen den Leitungsperioden der beiden Transistoren T1 und T2 ergeben.The control transformer is described in the documents cited at the outset, in particular also by CH Sturm and E. Klein and W. Hirschmann, and essentially consists of a primary winding in series with a resonance inductor L1 and two connected to the center tap between the transistors T1 and T2 Secondary windings wound in opposite directions to one another in the drive circuits to the bases of the transistors. The saturation inductance is designed so that there are short switching pauses between the line periods of the two transistors T1 and T2.
Die Startschaltung besteht im wesentlichen aus einem Kondensator, der sich bei der Durchlaßspannung eines DIAC durch diesen in eine der Transistorbasen entlädt und ist gleichfalls in den zitierten Schriften beschrieben.The starting circuit essentially consists of a capacitor which discharges through the forward voltage of a DIAC into one of the transistor bases and is also described in the cited documents.
Die Transistoren sind jeweils mit Freilaufdioden parallel zur Schaltstrecke zum Ausräumen der Raumladungen in den Transistoren im Sperrzustand versehen.The transistors are each provided with free-wheeling diodes parallel to the switching path to clear the space charges in the transistors in the off state.
Zwischen den Mittenabgriff und den unteren (also Minus-) Außenabgriff des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators ist eine Reihenschaltung aus der Resonanzinduktivität L1, einer Niederdruckentladungslampe, d.h. ihrer Entladungsstrecke, und eines Kopplungskondensators C5 zur Gleichstromtrennung geschaltet.Between the center tap and the lower (i.e. minus) external tap of the push-pull frequency generator is a series circuit made up of the resonance inductance L1, a low-pressure discharge lamp, i.e. their discharge path, and a coupling capacitor C5 for DC separation.
Zwischen den Plusanschluß des Stützkondensators C3 und den Plusanschluß des Glättungskondensators C4 ist eine Parallelschaltung zweier Reihenschaltungen jeweils zweier Dioden D1 und D2 bzw. D3 und D4 geschaltet, wobei die Diodendurchlaßrichtung jeweils der Gleichstromrichtung aus dem Netzgleichrichter entspricht. Zwischen einen Mittenabgriff der Diodenreihenschaltung aus D1 und D2 einerseits und einen Anschlußpunkt zwischen der Resonanzinduktivität L1 und dem entsprechenden Anschluß der Lampe andererseits ist ein Pumpkondensator C1 geschaltet, womit ein erster Pumpzweig eines Oberwellenfilters gebildet ist. Entsprechend ist ein zweiter Pumpzweig aus den Dioden D3 und D4 und dem zwischen ihren Mittenabgriff und den Mittenabgriff des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators geschalteten Pumpkondensator C2 gebildet.Between the positive connection of the support capacitor C3 and the positive connection of the smoothing capacitor C4, a parallel connection of two series connections of two diodes D1 and D2 or D3 and D4 is connected, the diode forward direction corresponding to the direct current direction from the mains rectifier. A pump capacitor C1 is connected between a center tap of the diode series circuit composed of D1 and D2 on the one hand and a connection point between the resonance inductance L1 and the corresponding connection of the lamp, thus forming a first pump branch of a harmonic filter. Correspondingly, a second pump branch is formed from the diodes D3 and D4 and the pump capacitor C2 connected between their center tap and the center tap of the push-pull frequency generator.
Der Pumpzweig D1, D2, C1 greift zwischen L1 und der Lampe ein Hochfrequenzpotential ab, führt über den Kondensator C1 eine Umwandlung in einen Pumpstrom durch und ergänzt mit diesem durch die Dioden D1 und D2 gleichgerichteten Strom die Spannung UG zur Spannung E. Entsprechend arbeitet der andere Pumpzweig D3, D4, C2 unter Verwendung des Potentials am Mittenabgriff der Transistorbrücke.The pump branch D1, D2, C1 taps a high-frequency potential between L1 and the lamp, carries out a conversion into a pump current via the capacitor C1 and supplements the voltage U G to the voltage E with this current rectified by the diodes D1 and D2 of the other pump branches D3, D4, C2 using the potential at the center tap of the transistor bridge.
Aufgabe dieses Oberwellenfilters mit den Zweigen D1, D2, C1 und D3, D4, C2 ist es, durch Energierückführung zu dem Glättungskondensator C4 eine gegenüber der Spannung UG an dem Stützkondensator C3 möglichst geglättete Spannung E zu erzeugen und dabei eine möglichst sinusförmige Netzstromaufnahme des Netzgleichrichters sicherzustellen. Dabei soll die elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit nicht nur hinsichtlich der Rückkopplung in die Gleichspannungsquelle, hier also über die Gleichrichterschaltung in das Netz, optimiert sein, sondern auch hinsichtlich der elektromagnetischen Abstrahlung. Zu weiteren Einzelheiten wird verwiesen auf die zitierten Druckschriften, insbesondere auf die EP 0 253 224 B1.The task of this harmonic filter with the branches D1, D2, C1 and D3, D4, C2 is to generate a voltage E which is as smooth as possible with respect to the voltage U G at the supporting capacitor C3, and at the same time a sinusoidal mains current consumption of the mains rectifier by returning energy to the smoothing capacitor C4 ensure. The electromagnetic compatibility should not only be optimized with regard to the feedback into the DC voltage source, in this case via the rectifier circuit in the network, but also with regard to the electromagnetic radiation. For further details, reference is made to the cited documents, in particular EP 0 253 224 B1.
In der in diesem Stand der Technik beschriebenen Schaltung liegt zwischen dem Mittenabgriff des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators und dem Mittenabgriff zwischen den Dioden D1 und D2 ein hier in Fig. 1 mit CT2 und in dem genannten Dokument mit C7 bezeichneter Kondensator, der eine zusätzliche kapazitive Belastung der Transistorbrücke T1 - T2 darstellt. Das würde auch für einen konventionellen Trapezkondensator des Transistors T1 parallel zur Diode D5 oder jede entsprechende kapazitive Kopplung gelten, die an dem Mittenabgriff des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators angreift.In the circuit described in this prior art, between the center tap of the push-pull frequency generator and the center tap between the diodes D1 and D2 is a capacitor designated here in FIG. 1 with CT2 and in the cited document with C7, which has an additional capacitive load on the transistor bridge T1 - T2 represents. This would also apply to a conventional trapezoidal capacitor of transistor T1 parallel to diode D5 or to any corresponding capacitive coupling which acts on the center tap of the push-pull frequency generator.
Erfindungsgemäß wird der untere Anschluß des Kondensators CT2 sozusagen verschoben, und zwar hinter den Pumpkondensator C2, so daß der Kondensator in der Fig. 2 zwischen dem Mittenabgriff zwischen D3 und D4 einerseits und der oberen Plusleitung, also dem oberen Außenabgriff des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators andererseits liegt. Er bildet somit in Reihe mit C2 einen Trapezkondensator für den Gegentaktfrequenzgenerator und darüber hinaus einen Trapezkondensator für den Pumpzweig D3, D4, C2.According to the invention, the lower connection of the capacitor CT2 is shifted, so to speak, behind the pump capacitor C2, so that the capacitor in FIG. 2 lies between the center tap between D3 and D4 on the one hand and the upper positive line, that is the upper external tap of the push-pull frequency generator on the other hand. It therefore forms in series with C2 a trapezoidal capacitor for the push-pull frequency generator and also a trapezoidal capacitor for the pump branch D3, D4, C2.
Der im genannten Stand der Technik ebenfalls vorgesehene und dort und in der Fig. 1 mit C6 bezeichnete lampenparallele Resonanzkondensator wird erfindungsgemäß in gleicher Weise hinter einen Pumpkondensator, und zwar hinter den des anderen Pumpzweiges, C1, verschoben. Dort ist er in Fig. 2 gezeigt und mit CT1 bezeichnet.The lamp-parallel resonance capacitor also provided in the prior art mentioned and designated there and in FIG. 1 with C6 is moved according to the invention in the same way behind a pump capacitor, namely behind that of the other pump branch, C1. There it is shown in FIG. 2 and labeled CT1.
Genauer liegt er zwischen dem Mittenabgriff zwischen D1 und D2 einerseits und der unteren Minusleitung, also dem unteren Außenabgriff des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators, andererseits. Er schließt somit eine lampenparallele kapazitive Strecke von L1 aus über C1, CT1 und C5 zur Resonanzzündung der Lampe. Ferner dient er als Trapezkondensator für den Pumpzweig D1, D2, C1. Es ist auch unmittelbar einsichtig, daß durch die erfindungsgemäße Verschiebung die Strombelastung des Gegentaktfrequenzgenerators an dem lampenseitigen Anschluß der Resonanzinduktivität L1 um den Hochfrequenzstrom durch C6 (aus Fig. 1) vermindert wird.More precisely, it lies between the center tap between D1 and D2 on the one hand and the lower negative line, that is the lower external tap of the push-pull frequency generator, on the other hand. It thus closes a capacitive path parallel to the lamp from L1 via C1, CT1 and C5 for resonance ignition of the lamp. It also serves as a trapezoidal capacitor for the pump branch D1, D2, C1. It is also immediately apparent that the shift according to the invention reduces the current load on the push-pull frequency generator at the lamp-side connection of the resonance inductor L1 by the high-frequency current through C6 (from FIG. 1).
Wenn man in der Schaltung in Fig. 1 den lampenparallelen Resonanzkondensator C6 gedanklich wegläßt, ergibt sich ferner ein nur durch Dioden, Transistoren und die Lampe mit dem im Potential letztlich durch das Netz definierten "Rahmen" der Schaltung verbundener Schaltungsteil aus L1, C1, CT2 und C2. Dadurch ergibt sich für kurze Zeiten, in denen keines der Halbleiterbauelemente leitet, ein "frei floatender" (quasi erdfreier) Zustand dieses Schaltungsteils, was zu scharfen Potentialsprüngen führt, wenn der Schaltungsteil sozusagen wieder eingefangen wird (sogenanntes "Schnattern"). Diesbezüglich wirken die Kondensatoren CT1 und CT2 in Fig. 2, und zwar bereits einer von beiden, wiederum als Trapezkondensatoren und verbessern damit die elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit der Gesamtschaltung.If one mentally omits the lamp-parallel resonance capacitor C6 in the circuit in FIG. 1, there is also a circuit part from L1, C1, CT2 connected only by diodes, transistors and the lamp with the "frame" of the circuit ultimately defined by the network in terms of potential and C2. This results in a "free floating" (quasi floating) state of this circuit part for short times in which none of the semiconductor components conducts, which leads to sharp potential jumps when the circuit part is caught again, so to speak (so-called "chattering"). In this regard, the capacitors CT1 and CT2 in FIG. 2, already one of the two, again act as trapezoidal capacitors and thus improve the electromagnetic compatibility of the overall circuit.
Eine typische Dimensionierung des gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiels ist wie folgt: C4 liegt bei einigen Mikrofarad; C3 ist um den Faktor 20 bis 30 kleiner; C5 ist wiederum um den Faktor 5 bis 10 kleiner als C3; C1 und C2 sind um den Faktor 30 bis 70 kleiner als C3, betragen also einige Nanofarad; CT1 und CT2 wiederum sind etwa um den Faktor 10 kleiner als C1 bzw. C2; die Induktivität L1 hängt von der Lampe ab und beträgt einige Mikrohenry. Also z.B:
- C1 = 7,5 nF
- C2 = 3,3 nF
- C3 = 220 nF
- C4 = 6,8 µF
- C5 = 30 nF
- CT1 = CT2 = 680 pF
- L1 = 3,0 µH
- C1 = 7.5 nF
- C2 = 3.3 nF
- C3 = 220 nF
- C4 = 6.8 µF
- C5 = 30 nF
- CT1 = CT2 = 680 pF
- L1 = 3.0 µH
Claims (9)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
characterized,
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19619581A DE19619581A1 (en) | 1996-05-15 | 1996-05-15 | High-frequency operating circuit for a low-pressure discharge lamp with improved electromagnetic compatibility |
DE19619581 | 1996-05-15 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0808085A2 true EP0808085A2 (en) | 1997-11-19 |
EP0808085A3 EP0808085A3 (en) | 1998-11-18 |
EP0808085B1 EP0808085B1 (en) | 2001-11-21 |
Family
ID=7794388
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97107207A Expired - Lifetime EP0808085B1 (en) | 1996-05-15 | 1997-04-30 | High frequency operating circuit with improved electromagnetic compatibility for low pressure discharge lamps |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5880564A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0808085B1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2205344C (en) |
DE (2) | DE19619581A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998058526A1 (en) * | 1997-06-18 | 1998-12-23 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Pump support choke |
RU194944U1 (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-12-30 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение "Петербургский институт ядерной физики им. Б.П. Константинова Национального исследовательского центра "Курчатовский институт" (НИЦ "Курчатовский институт" - ПИЯФ) | KEY TWO-STAGE HARMONIC OSCILLATION GENERATOR |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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IT1296492B1 (en) | 1997-11-21 | 1999-06-25 | Whirlpool Co | SYSTEM TO INDICATE THE RESIDUAL HEAT OF THE GRIDS OF DOMESTIC GAS COOKING APPLIANCES |
US6137234A (en) * | 1999-10-18 | 2000-10-24 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Circuit arrangement |
US6356034B1 (en) | 2000-03-22 | 2002-03-12 | Regal King Manufacturing Limited | Low voltage discharge lamp power supply |
CN1190110C (en) * | 2001-04-03 | 2005-02-16 | 马士科技有限公司 | Output circuit of electronic ballast of fluorescent lamp |
US7002301B2 (en) * | 2003-10-15 | 2006-02-21 | Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. | Apparatus and methods for making capacitive measurements of cathode fall in fluorescent lamps |
TWI281364B (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2007-05-11 | Delta Electronics Inc | Electronic ballast |
DE102004045514A1 (en) * | 2004-09-20 | 2006-03-30 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Circuit arrangement for operating at least one light source |
US7863827B2 (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2011-01-04 | Osram Sylvania Inc. | Ceramic metal halide lamp bi-modal power regulation control |
CN101466191B (en) * | 2009-01-08 | 2012-07-04 | 王家诚 | High-frequency electronic frequency changer of high-power parallel connection selfexciting electrodeless florescent lamp |
CN103491694B (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2016-03-09 | 钟海停 | Module special for fluorescent lamp energy conservation |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0253224A2 (en) * | 1986-07-14 | 1988-01-20 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Circuit arrangement for operating low-pressure discharge lamps |
WO1996007297A2 (en) * | 1994-08-22 | 1996-03-07 | Philips Electronics N.V. | Circuit arrangement for a discharge lamp comprising a dc-ac converter and a resonance circuit |
-
1996
- 1996-05-15 DE DE19619581A patent/DE19619581A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1997
- 1997-04-30 DE DE59705440T patent/DE59705440D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-04-30 EP EP97107207A patent/EP0808085B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-09 US US08/853,997 patent/US5880564A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-05-14 CA CA002205344A patent/CA2205344C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0253224A2 (en) * | 1986-07-14 | 1988-01-20 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Circuit arrangement for operating low-pressure discharge lamps |
WO1996007297A2 (en) * | 1994-08-22 | 1996-03-07 | Philips Electronics N.V. | Circuit arrangement for a discharge lamp comprising a dc-ac converter and a resonance circuit |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998058526A1 (en) * | 1997-06-18 | 1998-12-23 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH | Pump support choke |
US6091207A (en) * | 1997-06-18 | 2000-07-18 | Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fuer Elektrische Gluelampen Mbh | Pump support choke |
RU194944U1 (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2019-12-30 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение "Петербургский институт ядерной физики им. Б.П. Константинова Национального исследовательского центра "Курчатовский институт" (НИЦ "Курчатовский институт" - ПИЯФ) | KEY TWO-STAGE HARMONIC OSCILLATION GENERATOR |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US5880564A (en) | 1999-03-09 |
CA2205344C (en) | 2004-09-28 |
DE19619581A1 (en) | 1997-11-20 |
CA2205344A1 (en) | 1997-11-15 |
EP0808085B1 (en) | 2001-11-21 |
EP0808085A3 (en) | 1998-11-18 |
DE59705440D1 (en) | 2002-01-03 |
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