EP0240445A1 - Gusseiserner Gliederheizkessel für feste Brennstoffe mit einem feuerfesten Nachverbrennungskanal - Google Patents

Gusseiserner Gliederheizkessel für feste Brennstoffe mit einem feuerfesten Nachverbrennungskanal Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0240445A1
EP0240445A1 EP87440018A EP87440018A EP0240445A1 EP 0240445 A1 EP0240445 A1 EP 0240445A1 EP 87440018 A EP87440018 A EP 87440018A EP 87440018 A EP87440018 A EP 87440018A EP 0240445 A1 EP0240445 A1 EP 0240445A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
boiler
cast iron
elements
solid fuels
refractory
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP87440018A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0240445B1 (de
Inventor
Roger Sonderegger
Alfred Engel
Paul Hintermayer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
De Dietrich Thermique SAS
Original Assignee
De Dietrich et Cie SA
De Dietrich Thermique SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8604823A external-priority patent/FR2596851B1/fr
Priority claimed from FR8614762A external-priority patent/FR2605386B2/fr
Priority claimed from FR8703593A external-priority patent/FR2612284A2/fr
Application filed by De Dietrich et Cie SA, De Dietrich Thermique SAS filed Critical De Dietrich et Cie SA
Publication of EP0240445A1 publication Critical patent/EP0240445A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0240445B1 publication Critical patent/EP0240445B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B7/00—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus
    • F23B7/002—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements
    • F23B7/005—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements with downdraught through fuel bed and grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B5/00—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
    • F23B5/04—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion in separate combustion chamber; on separate grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F24B5/04—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves the air or gas passing downwards through the bottom of the stove of fire grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/24—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers
    • F24H1/26—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body
    • F24H1/28—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water mantle surrounding the combustion chamber or chambers the water mantle forming an integral body including one or more furnace or fire tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2230/00—Solid fuel fired boiler

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a boiler for solid fuels of the reverse combustion type and with post-combustion chamber.
  • Boilers of this type are already known; they allow the rate of unburnt fumes to be reduced, thereby improving the efficiency of the boiler.
  • a boiler with post-combustion chamber is already described in French application n ° 85 00 946 of the applicant.
  • the boiler described comprises an after-combustion chamber located at the rear of the hearth and opening into the exchanger flues located in the upper part of the boiler, above the fuel reserve.
  • Another boiler described in French application No. 84 01 083 is of the reverse combustion type and has a combustion chamber in the lower part, located under the grate, the exchangers being placed parallel to the walls of the fuel reserve. This provision is necessary since it is a steel boiler with water supply, the exchangers having to be placed in the volume of water.
  • Such a boiler also has drawbacks: the primary air inlets are made in the plane of the grate; the bottom of the hearth has a large number of elements (conical nozzle, grate, primary air passages through the hearth, ducts opening into the pyrolysis zone, walls of an annular chamber for preheating the primary air. .) complicating construction and increasing cost; and, the weight of the fuel rests entirely on the grid.
  • the aim of the present invention is to overcome all the drawbacks of the prior art by optimizing the construction as much as possible: involving the maximum of surfaces in the heat exchange, simplifying the construction to optimize the smoke path and to reduce the cost of the set.
  • the invention consists of a boiler for solid fuels of the reverse combustion type and with post-combustion chamber, characterized in that it comprises a refractory brick channel provided in its upper part with grate-shaped openings. , said channel serving both as a combustion chamber and ashtray, and allowing a very high post-combustion temperature.
  • the refractory channel thus having a triple function.
  • the exchanger flues are placed in the lower part of the boiler, directly near the refractory channel; several variations of arrangement of the flues are possible.
  • the solid fuel boiler object of the invention, is a sectional cast iron boiler, also called element boiler. It is provided, without limitation, for operating powers from 20 to 60 kW.
  • the first embodiment described is perfectly suited for the combustion of wood.
  • the second embodiment described includes a construction variant allowing the use of the boiler with wood, coal, agricultural waste, combustible household waste.
  • This variant relates to the presence of two grids: a secondary grid belonging to the refractory channel; a primary grid located above the secondary grid and intended to support the fuel load, to increase the grid surface, to avoid clinker formation.
  • the primary grid thus ensuring at least two functions.
  • the Applicant has also perfected the embodiment of the prefabricated refractory channel for reasons of manufacture and strength.
  • the refractory channel (2) is formed here by a prefabricated one-piece chute made of refractory brick, substantially U-shaped, closed in its upper part by a grid also of refractory brick.
  • the choice of this material allows to withstand higher temperatures than for example refractory cast iron.
  • the post-combustion chamber (7), delimited by the refractory channel, can thus be brought to very high temperatures of the order of 600 ° ensuring the combustion of various chemical compounds, carbon monoxide, volatile matter, embers passing through the grid (3). Any variant shape and assembly of the elements constituting the refractory channel (2) is possible. ,
  • the flues are provided in a manner known per se with fins (9) for heat exchange.
  • At least one primary air inlet (5) is provided, at least one secondary air inlet (6), for example ballasted valves of known type, opening by the depression created by the exhaust fan (10 ).
  • the exhaust fan (10) is placed at the outlet of the flue (4 '). It makes it possible to reverse the combustion as shown in Figure 2: the primary air is brought in by a primary air inlet (5), passes through the grid (3) from top to bottom, the flame develops through the grid and inside the refractory canal.
  • Said refractory channel (2) can be fragmented into sections and / or have a cylindrical shape, etc.
  • the exchanger flues (4) and (4 ') are arranged directly near the refractory channel (2) in order to obtain very short connections between the combustion chamber and the exchange surfaces.
  • the first flue (4) is at the same level as the refractory channel (2), the second flue (4 ') being raised.
  • This arrangement has the advantage of giving the fuel reserve (1) an inclined bottom (8) promoting the descent of the fuel.
  • the chamber (7) delimited by the refractory channel (2) therefore plays the role of post-combustion chamber. Thanks to the refractory material, a very high temperature is obtained in this post-combustion chamber.
  • the hot fumes subjected to the vacuum of the fan successively pass through the refractory channel (2), the flue (4), the flue (4 ′), according to a flue path shown in FIG. 4.
  • the refractory channel and, possibly, at least one of the flues plays the role of ashtray in which the ashes are deposited by gravity.
  • Another advantage of the preferred embodiment of this boiler is the ease of cleaning.
  • These three elements are easily accessible for cleaning, and because of their position near the ground, the recovery of dirt is easier and less messy.
  • FIG. 1 The main difference between Figures 1 and 3 is the presence of a pre-combustion chamber (11).
  • This pre-combustion chamber (11) is produced by the use of two combustion grates in series.
  • a primary grid (12) which retains large embers and supports the mass of fuel, and a secondary grid (3) which can be a pierced refractory brick, through which the flame develops.
  • the Applicant has had the idea of adding the primary grid (12) to simultaneously solve several problems.
  • the Applicant has simultaneously solved all these problems by adding the primary grate (12) of refractory cast iron, placed substantially higher than the secondary grate (3), in an appropriate manner so that the flame passage surface is sufficient for the combustion of the coal, thereby discharging the refractory brick grate (3) from the weight of the fuel, and preventing the combustion temperature on the grate from reaching the fusibility point of the ashes.
  • the walls (13) of the pre-combustion chamber (11) are also lined with refractory brickwork to avoid cooling of the pre-combustion chamber (11).
  • refractory brick have been used to simplify the explanations, but mean: “any solid refractory material of the silico-aluminous type", synonyms in the trade of "refractory stone” or “refractory bricklaying”.
  • FIGS. 5 to 8 showing the two improvements made to the air circulation devices.
  • the first improvement consists in equipping the smoke outlet (105) with a dilution means.
  • an outside air or boiler air inlet (107) is used between the boiler outlet and the fan inlet (106).
  • the fan (106) therefore sends a mixture (108) of smoke and boiler air into the chimney. This is to lower the dew point of the smoke and thus avoid condensation on the internal walls of the chimney.
  • the boiler air inlet (107) is equipped with a weighted valve (109) which can be adjusted manually, or controlled automatically, for example as a function of the temperature of the chimney, boiler sequences, etc.
  • the boiler air inlet (107) is equipped with a circular shutter (110) adjusted manually.
  • the air circulation device can be equipped with a second improvement represented in FIG. 8 which consists in equipping the primary air inlet (101) with a draft moderator, for example with a weighted valve ( 102).
  • a non-return flame box (103) on the internal face of the primary air inlet (101).
  • This box preferably has on its upper part a grid (104) or suitable openings.
  • the variant embodiment of the prefabricated refractory channel of FIG. 9 is formed by assembling a bottom, a rear wall, two side walls, on which rests by gravity an upper plate, provided with a plurality of openings, acting as a grid.
  • one of the two side walls is shorter than the other to form access to the exchanger flues.
  • the side wall (40) is a rounded plate in its lower part, over its entire length.
  • the side plate (50) is advantageously formed of two sections: a section (51) identical to the side wall (40), to standardize the manufacture, and a section (52), facing the lateral opening (41) provided for direct access to the exchanger flues.
  • the bottom (20) is advantageously formed of three sections: a plate (22), a part (21) specially formed so that its lower part (2 3) follows the shape of the elements of the boiler, a rear section (24) of the same width as the side section (52) and extending into the opening (41).
  • the rear wall (30) is designed to close the refractory channel, and has a groove (31) or fitting means suitable for cooperating with at least the bottom (20) and one of the side walls (50).
  • the upper plates (60) are traversed by a plurality of openings (61), for example elongated and parallel.
  • the plates (60) rest on the side walls by a plurality of transverse ribs (64), they block transversely, by longitudinal ribs (63), the side plates (40) (50).
  • the plates (60) rest at the rear on the rear wall (30) by a flat (62), they are blocked longitudinally by a stop (65).
  • the assembly (flat (62), stop (65)) is provided at each end of the upper plate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
EP19870440018 1986-04-02 1987-03-30 Gusseiserner Gliederheizkessel für feste Brennstoffe mit einem feuerfesten Nachverbrennungskanal Expired - Lifetime EP0240445B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8604823 1986-04-02
FR8604823A FR2596851B1 (fr) 1986-04-02 1986-04-02 Chaudiere a combustibles solides du type a combustion inversee et canal refractaire de post-combustion
FR8614762 1986-10-20
FR8614762A FR2605386B2 (fr) 1986-04-02 1986-10-20 Perfectionnements apportes au dispositif de circulation d'air dans une chaudiere a bois
FR8703593A FR2612284A2 (fr) 1986-04-02 1987-03-11 Canal refractaire pour chaudiere a combustibles solides
FR8703593 1987-03-11

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0240445A1 true EP0240445A1 (de) 1987-10-07
EP0240445B1 EP0240445B1 (de) 1990-12-27

Family

ID=27251352

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19870440018 Expired - Lifetime EP0240445B1 (de) 1986-04-02 1987-03-30 Gusseiserner Gliederheizkessel für feste Brennstoffe mit einem feuerfesten Nachverbrennungskanal

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0240445B1 (de)
DE (1) DE3766998D1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1566591A1 (de) * 2004-02-19 2005-08-24 Brevet 2000 Holding S.A. Heizkessel mit Flammeumkehrung
EP2012063A1 (de) * 2007-07-03 2009-01-07 Robert Bosch GmbH Festbrennstoff-Heizkessel

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE373780A (de) *
CH195599A (de) * 1937-04-23 1938-02-15 Krebs Strebel Kessel & Radiato Zentralheizungsgliederkessel mit Ausbrand unter Rost.
GB480006A (en) * 1936-09-08 1938-02-15 Recomatic S A Improvements in and relating to heating installations
FR2333201A1 (fr) * 1975-11-28 1977-06-24 Hahn Stefan Installation de combustion a cuve de remplissage
FR2516209A1 (fr) * 1981-11-10 1983-05-13 Hays Claude Perfectionnement aux dispositifs de chauffage a combustion inversee
US4479481A (en) * 1981-08-13 1984-10-30 Ingersoll Charles S Wood fuel heating apparatus and combustion process
US4516534A (en) * 1984-03-16 1985-05-14 Unical S.P.A. Steel construction solid-fuel firing boiler for civil heating applications
US4531464A (en) * 1984-07-20 1985-07-30 Eshland Enterprises, Inc. Particle fuel diversion structure
DE8603364U1 (de) * 1986-02-08 1986-04-03 Buderus Ag, 6330 Wetzlar Bauteil zur Steuerung einer Luftklappe

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE373780A (de) *
GB480006A (en) * 1936-09-08 1938-02-15 Recomatic S A Improvements in and relating to heating installations
CH195599A (de) * 1937-04-23 1938-02-15 Krebs Strebel Kessel & Radiato Zentralheizungsgliederkessel mit Ausbrand unter Rost.
FR2333201A1 (fr) * 1975-11-28 1977-06-24 Hahn Stefan Installation de combustion a cuve de remplissage
US4479481A (en) * 1981-08-13 1984-10-30 Ingersoll Charles S Wood fuel heating apparatus and combustion process
FR2516209A1 (fr) * 1981-11-10 1983-05-13 Hays Claude Perfectionnement aux dispositifs de chauffage a combustion inversee
US4516534A (en) * 1984-03-16 1985-05-14 Unical S.P.A. Steel construction solid-fuel firing boiler for civil heating applications
US4531464A (en) * 1984-07-20 1985-07-30 Eshland Enterprises, Inc. Particle fuel diversion structure
DE8603364U1 (de) * 1986-02-08 1986-04-03 Buderus Ag, 6330 Wetzlar Bauteil zur Steuerung einer Luftklappe

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1566591A1 (de) * 2004-02-19 2005-08-24 Brevet 2000 Holding S.A. Heizkessel mit Flammeumkehrung
EP2012063A1 (de) * 2007-07-03 2009-01-07 Robert Bosch GmbH Festbrennstoff-Heizkessel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0240445B1 (de) 1990-12-27
DE3766998D1 (de) 1991-02-07

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