EP0239466B1 - Klystron output circuit, and klystron comprising it - Google Patents

Klystron output circuit, and klystron comprising it Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0239466B1
EP0239466B1 EP87400565A EP87400565A EP0239466B1 EP 0239466 B1 EP0239466 B1 EP 0239466B1 EP 87400565 A EP87400565 A EP 87400565A EP 87400565 A EP87400565 A EP 87400565A EP 0239466 B1 EP0239466 B1 EP 0239466B1
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Prior art keywords
output circuit
klystron
output
coupling
cavity
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EP87400565A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0239466A1 (en
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Duc Tien Tran
Georges Faillon
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Thales SA
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Thomson CSF SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/36—Coupling devices having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube, for introducing or removing wave energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to output circuits for conventional klystrons with a single beam, as well as for klystrons with multiple beams.
  • US-A 2,901,660 describes a klystron comprising an output cavity to which is coupled an output circuit which is also coupled to at least one use circuit.
  • the output circuit is constituted by an annular cavity, formed by a waveguide closed on itself and being placed around the output cavity.
  • the annular cavity has an internal cylindrical wall and an external cylindrical wall, the orifices for coupling with the outlet cavity being regularly arranged on its internal cylindrical wall.
  • the output circuits according to the invention make it possible to solve the problem of manufacturing the output window of klystrons of high output power, for example of the order of several megawatts in continuous mode.
  • the invention makes it possible to use several outlet windows for a single klystron without disturbing the operation of the tube. Thus, each window is crossed only by a fraction of the output power of the tube. Even for klystrons with high output power, windows with the required qualities can be readily available.
  • Multi-beam klystrons are known in the prior art, from articles as well as from French patent NO 992 853. The principle of these klystrons and their structure will be recalled in the description of FIG. 1. None is specified in the prior art on the output circuit of these klystrons. If we use the energy from the tube, a single guide or a single loop, we introduce an asymmetry which disturbs the functioning of the tube. Another possibility is to use as many guides or loops as there are beams, but the output circuit thus produced is very bulky.
  • the present invention relates to an output circuit for a klystron, this klystron comprising an output cavity to which the output circuit is coupled which is also coupled to at least one use circuit, the output circuit being constituted by an annular cavity, formed by an H-shaped section waveguide which is closed on itself and being placed around the outlet cavity, and comprising an internal cylindrical wall and an external cylindrical wall, in that the output circuit comprises orifices for coupling with the outlet cavity which are regularly disposed on its internal cylindrical wall and comprising at least one orifice for coupling with a use circuit disposed on its external cylindrical wall.
  • the orifices which ensure the coupling of the output circuit according to the invention with the output cavity of the klystrons are provided with windows made of dielectric material.
  • the orifices which ensure the coupling of the output circuit according to the invention with the output cavity of the klystrons must be placed opposite the beams.
  • the klystrons with several beams are perfected klystrons for which we seek at the same time compactness, high efficiency while using only a low accelerating voltage.
  • the beam can be divided into several elementary beams.
  • the acceleration voltage applied between the anode and the cathode is therefore divided by the factor NPJ5.
  • the acceleration voltage is divided by 62/5, that is to say substantially by a factor of 2.
  • Figure 1 shows the diagram of a klystron with several beams according to the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 schematically represents a view in longitudinal section of a klystron with several beams according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • This tube comprises electron guns made up of cathodes which bear the reference 1 and an anode which bears the reference 2. This anode is pierced with holes arranged opposite the cathodes.
  • This klystron has four cavities of resonance 3 which are used to modulate the beams in speed.
  • Sliding tubes 4 connect the cavities to each other and ensure sealing.
  • the focusing of the beams is carried out by a set of coils 5. It can be seen in FIG. 2 that two shielding plates 6, made of magnetic material, for example, have been placed on either side of the set of coils 5 in soft iron. These plates are pierced with holes of diameter very close to those of the beams, so as to allow the passage of the beams of the electron guns into the cavities then from the cavities to the collector 7.
  • FIG. 2 two electron beams 8 and 9 are shown.
  • These plates 6 are equipotential surfaces from a magnetic point of view and contribute to creating along the tube a magnetic field as constant as possible.
  • the shielding plate 6 located on the side of the barrels makes it possible to prevent the leakage field of the coils from reaching the cathodes.
  • this shielding plate 6 carries include a bulge 10 directed towards the cathodes.
  • a cylinder 11 made of magnetic material is attached to this shielding plate 6. This cylinder 11 is connected to other parts 12, which are made of ceramic, for reasons of insulation.
  • an anode 2 made of magnetic material can be used to perfect the shielding of the cathodes.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view in the direction AA 'shown in Figure 2.
  • the klystron of Figure 2 has six sliding tubes 4, therefore has six electron beams.
  • the ends of a cavity 3 have been shown, but the focusing device has not been shown.
  • the sliding tubes are arranged in a circle centered on the longitudinal axis XX 'of the tube.
  • the angular difference between the tubes is constant.
  • the electric fields have an identical configuration, in each cavity, between the parts of the sliding tubes which face each other.
  • the distance separating two parts of a sliding tube which face each other is of the order of the internal diameter of the sliding tube.
  • the distribution of the electric field between two parts of a sliding tube which face each other has a cylindrical symmetry around the longitudinal axis of the sliding tube.
  • each cavity 3 of the tube has higher resonant frequencies very far from the frequency of the fundamental mode TM01 of the klystron.
  • FIG 4 there is shown a perspective view of an embodiment of the output circuit 13 according to the invention.
  • This output circuit collects the high frequency power and distributes it to the use circuit.
  • This output circuit is coupled to the output cavity of the klystron, that is to say to the last cavity of the klystron, that which is closest to the collector.
  • This output circuit must resonate at the same frequency as the tube output cavity.
  • a output circuit consisting of an annular cavity, formed by an H-shaped section waveguide which is closed on itself.
  • output circuit 13 is placed around the output cavity of the klystron, as clearly shown in Figure 2 and in Figure 5 which shows in more detail than Figure 2 the output cavity and the output circuit.
  • the output circuit 13 is coupled to the output cavity of the klystron by orifices 15 which are evenly distributed on the wall of the output circuit which is in contact with the output cavity. This wall is the internal cylindrical wall 22 of the output circuit.
  • the number of N holes is equal to the number of klystron beams.
  • Each orifice 15 is positioned so as to face an electron beam.
  • the output circuit is also coupled to the use circuit, which is a waveguide 16 in the example of FIGS. 4 and 5, by an orifice 19 carried by the wall of the output circuit which faces the bearing wall. the orifices 15. This wall is the external cylindrical wall 23 of the output circuit.
  • the orifices 15 may be empty as is the case in FIG. 4.
  • the use circuit 16 which has a window 17 ensuring the vacuum tightness while letting the then pass. high frequency.
  • the window 17 can be placed at the level of the coupling orifice 19 between the cir output cooked and the use circuit, or can be placed further in the guide 16 as is the case in FIG. 5.
  • each window placed in a coupling orifice 15 only lets through the N th part of the total power.
  • the H-shaped cross section of the output circuit 13 behaves like a capacitor and makes it possible to obtain a circuit resonant at the frequency of the tube output cavity but whose dimensions are smaller than in the case for example of a rectangular cross section.
  • the operating mode of this output circuit is of the transverse electrical type.
  • this H-shaped cross section makes it possible to prevent the arrangement of the coupling orifice (s) 19 - see FIG. 5 - between the output circuit 13 and the circuit (s) for using the tube does not disturb the symmetry of the beams. It is therefore possible without disadvantage to couple the output circuit 13 by a single coupling orifice 19 to a single user circuit or to couple the output circuit 13 by several coupling orifices 19, positioned in any manner, to several circuits of use .
  • the output circuit according to the invention is of great interest when used on conventional klystrons with a single beam of high output power.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the output cavity of a single beam klystron and the output circuit according to the invention which is coupled to this cavity.
  • the single beam propagates along the XX 'axis of the klystron.
  • the coupling orifices 15 between the output cavity and the output circuit are provided with windows 21 made of dielectric material which provide sealing and which are only passed through by a fraction of the total output power. If N windows are used, each window is only crossed by a fraction equal to 1 / N of the total output power. We can therefore easily have windows with the required qualities.
  • the number N of coupling orifices 15 is chosen according to the output power of the tube and the characteristics of the windows used.
  • the coupling orifices 15 between the outlet cavity of the tube and the outlet circuit are regularly distributed over the wall of the outlet circuit which is in contact with the outlet cavity, as shown in the example in Figure 4.
  • the coupling orifices 15 can be left empty and a window is provided in each use circuit.

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Description

La présente invention concerne des circuits de sortie destinés à des klystrons conventionnels comportant un seul faisceau, aussi bien qu'à des klystrons à plusieurs faisceaux.The present invention relates to output circuits for conventional klystrons with a single beam, as well as for klystrons with multiple beams.

Le brevet US-A 2 901 660 décrit un klystron comportant une cavité de sortie à laquelle est couplé un circuit de sortie qui est également couplé à au moins un circuit d'utilisation. Le circuit de sortie est constitué par une cavité annulaire, formée par un guide d'onde refermé sur lui-même et étant placée autour de la cavité de sortie. La cavité annulaire comporte une paroi cylindrique interne et une paroi cylindrique externe des orifices de couplage avec la cavité de sortie étant régulièrement disposés sur sa paroi cylindrique interne.US-A 2,901,660 describes a klystron comprising an output cavity to which is coupled an output circuit which is also coupled to at least one use circuit. The output circuit is constituted by an annular cavity, formed by a waveguide closed on itself and being placed around the output cavity. The annular cavity has an internal cylindrical wall and an external cylindrical wall, the orifices for coupling with the outlet cavity being regularly arranged on its internal cylindrical wall.

Lorsqu'ils sont utilisés dans des klystrons à un seul faisceau, les circuits de sortie selon l'invention permettent de résoudre le problème de la fabrication de la fenêtre de sortie des klystrons de puissance de sortie élevée, par exemple de l'ordre de plusieurs mégawatts en régime continu. L'invention permet d'utiliser pour un seul klystron plusieurs fenêtres de sortie sans perturber le fonctionement du tube. Ainsi, chaque fenêtre n'est traversée que par une fraction de la puissance de sortie du tube. Même pour les klystrons de puissance de sortie élevée, on peut disposer sans problème de fenêtres ayant les qualités requises.When used in klystrons with a single beam, the output circuits according to the invention make it possible to solve the problem of manufacturing the output window of klystrons of high output power, for example of the order of several megawatts in continuous mode. The invention makes it possible to use several outlet windows for a single klystron without disturbing the operation of the tube. Thus, each window is crossed only by a fraction of the output power of the tube. Even for klystrons with high output power, windows with the required qualities can be readily available.

Les klystrons à plusieurs faisceaux sont connus dans l'art antérieur, par des articles ainsi que par le brevet français NO 992 853. On rappellera dans la description de la figure 1 le principe de ces klystrons et leur structure. Rien n'est précisé dans l'art antérieur sur le circuit de sortie de ces klystrons. Si l'on utilise pour sortir l'énergie du tube, un seul guide ou une seule boucle, on introduit une dissymétrie qui perturbe le fonctionnement du tube. Une autre possibilité est d'utiliser autant de guides ou de boucles qu'il y a de faisceaux, mais le circuit de sortie ainsi réalisé est très encombrant.Multi-beam klystrons are known in the prior art, from articles as well as from French patent NO 992 853. The principle of these klystrons and their structure will be recalled in the description of FIG. 1. Nothing is specified in the prior art on the output circuit of these klystrons. If we use the energy from the tube, a single guide or a single loop, we introduce an asymmetry which disturbs the functioning of the tube. Another possibility is to use as many guides or loops as there are beams, but the output circuit thus produced is very bulky.

La présente invention concerne un circuit de sortie pour klystron, ce klystron comportant une cavité de sortie à laquelle est couplé le circuit de sortie qui est également couplé à au moins un circuit d'utilisation, le circuit de sortie étant constitué par une cavité annulaire, formée par un guide d'onde de section en forme de H qui est refermé sur lui-même et étant placée autour de la cavité de sortie, et comportant une paroi cylindrique interne et une paroi cylindrique externe, en ce que le circuit de sortie comporte des orifices de couplage avec la cavité de sortie qui sont régulièrement disposés sur sa paroi cylindrique interne et comportant au moins un orifice de couplage avec un circuit d'utilisation disposé sur sa paroi cylindrique externe.The present invention relates to an output circuit for a klystron, this klystron comprising an output cavity to which the output circuit is coupled which is also coupled to at least one use circuit, the output circuit being constituted by an annular cavity, formed by an H-shaped section waveguide which is closed on itself and being placed around the outlet cavity, and comprising an internal cylindrical wall and an external cylindrical wall, in that the output circuit comprises orifices for coupling with the outlet cavity which are regularly disposed on its internal cylindrical wall and comprising at least one orifice for coupling with a use circuit disposed on its external cylindrical wall.

Dans le cas des klystrons à un seul faisceau, de puissance de sortie élevée, les orifices qui assurent le couplage du circuit de sortie selon l'invention avec la cavité de sortie des klystrons sont munis de fenêtres en matériau diélectrique.In the case of klystrons with a single beam, of high output power, the orifices which ensure the coupling of the output circuit according to the invention with the output cavity of the klystrons are provided with windows made of dielectric material.

Dans le cas des klystrons à plusieurs faisceaux, les orifices qui assurent le couplage du circuit de sortie selon l'invention avec la cavité de sortie des klystrons doivent être placés en face des faisceaux.In the case of klystrons with several beams, the orifices which ensure the coupling of the output circuit according to the invention with the output cavity of the klystrons must be placed opposite the beams.

D'autres objets, caractéristiques et résultats de l'invention ressortiront de la description suivante, donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif et illustrée par les figures annexées qui représentent :

  • - la figure 1, le schéma d'un klystron à plusieurs faisceaux selon l'art antérieur ;
  • - la figure 2, une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un mode de réalisation d'un klystron à plusieurs faisceaux selon l'invention ;
  • - la figure 3, une vue en coupe selon la direction AA' indiquée sur la figure 2 ;
  • - la figure 4, une vue en perspective d'un mode de réalisation d'un circuit de sortie selon l'invention ;
  • - les figures 5 et 6, deux vues en coupe montrant la cavité de sortie et le circuit de sortie selon l'invention, dans le cas d'un klystron à plusieurs faisceaux et dans le cas d'un klystron à faisceau unique.
Other objects, characteristics and results of the invention will emerge from the following description, given by way of nonlimiting example and illustrated by the appended figures which represent:
  • - Figure 1, the diagram of a klystron with several beams according to the prior art;
  • - Figure 2, a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of a klystron with several beams according to the invention;
  • - Figure 3, a sectional view in the direction AA 'indicated in Figure 2;
  • - Figure 4, a perspective view of an embodiment of an output circuit according to the invention;
  • - Figures 5 and 6, two sectional views showing the output cavity and the output circuit according to the invention, in the case of a klystron with several beams and in the case of a klystron with a single beam.

Sur les différentes figures, les mêmes repères désignent les mêmes éléments, mais, pour des raisons de clarté, les cotes et proportions des divers éléments ne sont pas respectées.In the various figures, the same references designate the same elements, but, for reasons of clarity, the dimensions and proportions of the various elements are not observed.

Les klystrons à plusieurs faisceaux sont des klystrons perfectionnés pour lesquels on cherche à la fois la compacité, le haut rendement tout en n'utilisant qu'une faible tension accélératrice.The klystrons with several beams are perfected klystrons for which we seek at the same time compactness, high efficiency while using only a low accelerating voltage.

On sait que, avec la conception conventionnelle des klystrons, ces trois dernières exigences sont contradictoires. En effet, le haut rendement ne peut être obtenu qu'avec un faisceau de faible pervéan- ce, c'est-à-dire de haute tension. Or, la longueur des klystrons croît comme la racine carré de la haute tension.We know that, with the conventional design of klystrons, these last three requirements are contradictory. In fact, the high efficiency can only be obtained with a beam of low voltage, that is to say of high voltage. However, the length of the klystrons grows like the square root of high tension.

Pour contourner cette difficulté, on peut diviser le faisceau en plusieurs faisceaux élémentaires.To get around this difficulty, the beam can be divided into several elementary beams.

Le principe peut être expliqué comme suit : soit un faisceau divisé en N faisceaux élémentaires de courant I accéléré à une tension V et soit p la pervéan- ce et il le rendement de conversion entre la puissance d'alimentation VI et la puissance de haute fréquence P. Les relations suivantes sont vérifiées :

Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002
 The principle can be explained as follows: either a beam divided into N elementary beams of current I accelerated to a voltage V and either p the perveance and it the conversion efficiency between the power supply VI and the high frequency power P. The following relationships are checked:
Figure imgb0001
Figure imgb0002

Si l'on accélère N de ces faisceaux élémentaires, en parallèle, par la même tension V, la puissance de haute fréquence totale PTOT égale :

Figure imgb0003
On a donc :
Figure imgb0004
 If we accelerate N of these elementary beams, in parallel, by the same voltage V, the total high frequency power P TOT equal:
Figure imgb0003
 So we have :
Figure imgb0004

Pour une même puissance de haute fréquence, la tension d'accélération appliquée entre l'anode et la cathode est donc divisée par le facteur NPJ5.For the same high frequency power, the acceleration voltage applied between the anode and the cathode is therefore divided by the factor NPJ5.

Pour N = 6, la tension d'accélération est divisée par 62/5, c'est-à-dire sensiblement par un facteur 2.For N = 6, the acceleration voltage is divided by 62/5, that is to say substantially by a factor of 2.

La figure 1 montre le schéma d'un klystron à plusieurs faisceaux selon l'art antérieur.Figure 1 shows the diagram of a klystron with several beams according to the prior art.

Des faisceaux individuels, émis par des canons à électrons qui portent la référence A, traversent la première cavité B, se groupent dans les tubes de glissement C puis libèrent leur énergie sous forme de signal haute fréquence dans la cavité de sortie D, avant de tomber sur les collecteurs E.Individual beams, emitted by electron guns which carry the reference A, cross the first cavity B, group in the sliding tubes C then release their energy in the form of high frequency signal in the output cavity D, before falling on collectors E.

Comme cela a été expliqué dans l'introduction à la description, rien n'est précisé dans l'art antérieur en ce qui concerne le circuit de sortie de ces klystrons à plusieurs faisceaux.As has been explained in the introduction to the description, nothing is specified in the prior art with regard to the output circuit of these klystrons with several beams.

La figure 2 représente de façon schématique une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un klystron à plusieurs faisceaux selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.FIG. 2 schematically represents a view in longitudinal section of a klystron with several beams according to an embodiment of the invention.

Ce tube comporte des canons à électrons constitués de cathodes qui portent la référence 1 et d'une anode qui porte la référence 2. Cette anode est percée de trous disposés en face des cathodes.This tube comprises electron guns made up of cathodes which bear the reference 1 and an anode which bears the reference 2. This anode is pierced with holes arranged opposite the cathodes.

Ce klystron comporte quatre cavités de réson- nance 3 qui servent à moduler les faisceaux en vitesse. Des tubes de glissement 4 relient les cavités entre elles et permettent d'assurer l'étanchéité.This klystron has four cavities of resonance 3 which are used to modulate the beams in speed. Sliding tubes 4 connect the cavities to each other and ensure sealing.

La focalisation des faisceaux est réalisée par un ensemble de bobines 5. On voit sur la figure 2 qu'on a disposé de part et d'autre de l'ensemble de bobines 5, deux plaques de blindage 6, en matériau magnétique, par exemple en fer doux. Ces plaques sont percées de trous de diamètre très voisin de ceux des faisceaux, de façon à permettre le passage des faisceaux des canons à électrons dans les cavités puis des cavités vers le collecteur 7.The focusing of the beams is carried out by a set of coils 5. It can be seen in FIG. 2 that two shielding plates 6, made of magnetic material, for example, have been placed on either side of the set of coils 5 in soft iron. These plates are pierced with holes of diameter very close to those of the beams, so as to allow the passage of the beams of the electron guns into the cavities then from the cavities to the collector 7.

Sur la figure 2, on a représenté deux faisceaux d'électrons 8 et 9.In FIG. 2, two electron beams 8 and 9 are shown.

Ces plaques 6 sont des surfaces équipotentielles d'un point de vue magnétique et contribuent à créer le long du tube un champ magnétique aussi constant que possible.These plates 6 are equipotential surfaces from a magnetic point of view and contribute to creating along the tube a magnetic field as constant as possible.

La plaque de blindage 6 située du côté des canons permet d'empêcher le champ de fuite des bobines d'atteindre les cathodes.The shielding plate 6 located on the side of the barrels makes it possible to prevent the leakage field of the coils from reaching the cathodes.

Pour cela les orifices que porte cette plaque de blindage 6 comportent un renflement 10 dirigé vers les cathodes. De plus, un cylindre 11 en matériau magnétique est accolé à cette plaque de blindage 6. Ce cylindre 11 est relié à d'autres pièces 12, qui sont en céramique, pour des raisons d'isolation. Enfin, on peut utiliser une anode 2 en matériau magnétique pour parfaire le blindage des cathodes.For this, the orifices that this shielding plate 6 carries include a bulge 10 directed towards the cathodes. In addition, a cylinder 11 made of magnetic material is attached to this shielding plate 6. This cylinder 11 is connected to other parts 12, which are made of ceramic, for reasons of insulation. Finally, an anode 2 made of magnetic material can be used to perfect the shielding of the cathodes.

La figure 3 est une vue en coupe selon la direction AA' indiquée sur la figure 2. On voit sur cette coupe que le klystron de la figure 2 comporte six tubes de glissement 4, donc comporte six faisceaux d'électrons. On a représenté les extrémités d'une cavité 3, mais le dispositif de focalisation n'a pas été représenté.Figure 3 is a sectional view in the direction AA 'shown in Figure 2. We see in this section that the klystron of Figure 2 has six sliding tubes 4, therefore has six electron beams. The ends of a cavity 3 have been shown, but the focusing device has not been shown.

Les tubes de glissement sont disposés selon un cercle centré sur l'axe longitudinal XX' du tube. L'écart angulaire entre les tubes est constant. Ainsi, les champs électriques ont une configuration identique, dans chaque cavité, entre les parties des tubes de glissement qui se font face.The sliding tubes are arranged in a circle centered on the longitudinal axis XX 'of the tube. The angular difference between the tubes is constant. Thus, the electric fields have an identical configuration, in each cavity, between the parts of the sliding tubes which face each other.

Dans chaque cavité, la distance séparant deux parties d'un tube de glissement qui se font face est de l'ordre du diamètre interne du tube de glissement. La distribution du champ électrique entre deux parties d'un tube de glissement qui se font face présente une symétrie cylindrique autour de l'axe longitudinal du tube de glissement.In each cavity, the distance separating two parts of a sliding tube which face each other is of the order of the internal diameter of the sliding tube. The distribution of the electric field between two parts of a sliding tube which face each other has a cylindrical symmetry around the longitudinal axis of the sliding tube.

Ainsi, chaque cavité 3 du tube a des fréquences de résonance supérieures très éloignées de la fréquence du mode fondamental TM01 du klystron.Thus, each cavity 3 of the tube has higher resonant frequencies very far from the frequency of the fundamental mode TM01 of the klystron.

Sur la figure 4, on a représenté une vue en perspective d'un mode de réalisation du circuit de sortie 13 selon l'invention.In Figure 4, there is shown a perspective view of an embodiment of the output circuit 13 according to the invention.

Ce circuit de sortie permet de recueillir la puissance haute fréquence et de la distribuer au circuit d'utilisation. Ce circuit de sortie est couplé à la cavité de sortie du klystron, c'est-à-dire à la dernière cavité du klystron, celle qui est la plus proche du collecteur. Ce circuit de sortie doit résonner à la même fréquence que la cavité de sortie du tube.This output circuit collects the high frequency power and distributes it to the use circuit. This output circuit is coupled to the output cavity of the klystron, that is to say to the last cavity of the klystron, that which is closest to the collector. This output circuit must resonate at the same frequency as the tube output cavity.

Pour avoir un circuit de sortie d'aussi faible dimensions que possible et pour ne pas perturber le fonctionnement du tube en introduisant des dissymétries liées au fait que le tube n'est souvent relié qu'à un seul circuit d'utilisation, on utilise un circuit de sortie constitué par une cavité annulaire, formée par un guide d'onde de section en forme de H qui est refermé sur lui-même.To have an output circuit of as small dimensions as possible and not to disturb the operation of the tube by introducing asymmetries related to the fact that the tube is often connected to only one use circuit, a output circuit consisting of an annular cavity, formed by an H-shaped section waveguide which is closed on itself.

Sur la figure 4, on voit cette section en forme de H. Les parties pleines 14 n'ont pas été supprimées dans l'exemple de la figure 4 pour simplifier la fabrication mais elles n'interviennent pas dans le fonctionnement.In Figure 4, we see this section in the form of H. The solid parts 14 have not been removed in the example of Figure 4 to simplify manufacture but they do not intervene in operation.

Ce. circuit de sortie 13 est placé autour de la cavité de sortie du klystron, comme cela apparaît clairement sur la figure 2 et sur la figure 5 qui représente de façon plus détaillée que la figure 2 la cavité de sortie et le circuit de sortie.This. output circuit 13 is placed around the output cavity of the klystron, as clearly shown in Figure 2 and in Figure 5 which shows in more detail than Figure 2 the output cavity and the output circuit.

Le circuit de sortie 13 est couplé à la cavité de sortie du klystron par des orifices 15 qui sont répartis de façon régulière sur la paroi du circuit de sortie qui est en contact avec la cavité de sortie. Cette paroi est la paroi cylindrique interne 22 du circuit de sortie.The output circuit 13 is coupled to the output cavity of the klystron by orifices 15 which are evenly distributed on the wall of the output circuit which is in contact with the output cavity. This wall is the internal cylindrical wall 22 of the output circuit.

Le nombre des orifices N est égal au nombre de faisceaux du klystron. Chaque orifice 15 est positionné de façon à faire face à un faisceau d'électrons.The number of N holes is equal to the number of klystron beams. Each orifice 15 is positioned so as to face an electron beam.

Le circuit de sortie est également couplé au circuit d'utilisation, qui est un guide d'onde 16 sur l'exemple des figures 4 et 5, par un orifice 19 porté par la paroi du circuit de sortie qui fait face à la paroi portant les orifices 15. Cette paroi est la paroi cylindrique externe 23 du circuit de sortie.The output circuit is also coupled to the use circuit, which is a waveguide 16 in the example of FIGS. 4 and 5, by an orifice 19 carried by the wall of the output circuit which faces the bearing wall. the orifices 15. This wall is the external cylindrical wall 23 of the output circuit.

Il est possible de coupler le circuit de sortie à plusieurs circuits d'utilisation.It is possible to couple the output circuit to several use circuits.

Les orifices 15 peuvent être vides comme c'est le cas sur la figure 4. Dans ce cas, c'est le circuit d'utilisation 16 qui comporte une fenêtre 17 assurant l'étanchéité au vide tout en laissant passer la puis- . sance haute fréquence. La fenêtre 17 peut être placée au niveau de l'orifice de couplage 19 entre le circuit de sortie et le circuit d'utilisation, ou peut être placée plus loin dans le guide 16 comme c'est le cas sur la figure 5.The orifices 15 may be empty as is the case in FIG. 4. In this case, it is the use circuit 16 which has a window 17 ensuring the vacuum tightness while letting the then pass. high frequency. The window 17 can be placed at the level of the coupling orifice 19 between the cir output cooked and the use circuit, or can be placed further in the guide 16 as is the case in FIG. 5.

Lorsque la puissance de sortie est importante, on a intérêt à placer des fenêtres au niveau de chaque orifice 15. Si le klystron comporte N faisceaux, et donc N orifices de couplage 15, chaque fenêtre placée dans un orifice de couplage 15 ne laisse passer que la Nième partie de la puissance totale.When the output power is large, it is advantageous to place windows at each orifice 15. If the klystron has N beams, and therefore N coupling orifices 15, each window placed in a coupling orifice 15 only lets through the N th part of the total power.

La section transversale en forme de H du circuit de sortie 13 se comporte comme une capacité et permet d'obtenir un circuit résonnant à la fréquence de la cavité de sortie du tube mais dont les dimensions sont plus faibles que dans le cas par exemple d'une section transversale rectangulaire.The H-shaped cross section of the output circuit 13 behaves like a capacitor and makes it possible to obtain a circuit resonant at the frequency of the tube output cavity but whose dimensions are smaller than in the case for example of a rectangular cross section.

Le mode de fonctionnement de ce circuit de sortie est du type transverse électrique.The operating mode of this output circuit is of the transverse electrical type.

Par ailleurs, un autre avantage de cette section transversale en forme de H est que la partie ré-entrante 18 de ce circuit permet d'éviter que la disposition du ou des orifices de couplage 19 - voir la figure 5 - entre le circuit de sortie 13 et le ou les circuits d'utilisation du tube ne vienne perturber la symétrie des faisceaux. On peut donc sans inconvénient coupler le circuit de sortie 13 par un seul orifice de couplage 19 à un circuit d'utiisation unique ou coupler le circuit de sortie 13 par plusieurs orifices de couplage 19, positionnés de façon quelconque, à plusieurs circuits d'utilisation.Furthermore, another advantage of this H-shaped cross section is that the re-entering part 18 of this circuit makes it possible to prevent the arrangement of the coupling orifice (s) 19 - see FIG. 5 - between the output circuit 13 and the circuit (s) for using the tube does not disturb the symmetry of the beams. It is therefore possible without disadvantage to couple the output circuit 13 by a single coupling orifice 19 to a single user circuit or to couple the output circuit 13 by several coupling orifices 19, positioned in any manner, to several circuits of use .

Comme cela a été expliqué dans l'introduction à la description, le circuit de sortie selon l'invention présente un grand intérêt lorsqu'il est utilisé sur des klystrons conventionnels à un seul faisceau de puissance de sortie élevée.As explained in the introduction to the description, the output circuit according to the invention is of great interest when used on conventional klystrons with a single beam of high output power.

La figure 6 est une vue en coupe transversale montrant la cavité de sortie d'un klystron à faisceau unique et le circuit de sortie selon l'invention qui est couplé à cette cavité.Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing the output cavity of a single beam klystron and the output circuit according to the invention which is coupled to this cavity.

Le faisceau unique se propage selon l'axe XX' du klystron.The single beam propagates along the XX 'axis of the klystron.

Les orifices de couplage 15 entre la cavité de sortie et le circuit de sortie sont munis de fenêtres 21 en matériau diélectrique qui assurent l'étanchéïté et qui ne sont traversées que par une fraction de la puissance de sortie totale. Si l'on utilise N fenêtres, chaque fenêtre n'est traversée que par une fraction égale à 1/N de la puissance de sortie totale. On peut donc sans difficulté disposer de fenêtres ayant les qualités requises.The coupling orifices 15 between the output cavity and the output circuit are provided with windows 21 made of dielectric material which provide sealing and which are only passed through by a fraction of the total output power. If N windows are used, each window is only crossed by a fraction equal to 1 / N of the total output power. We can therefore easily have windows with the required qualities.

Dans le cas de klystrons à faisceau unique, le nombre N d'orifices de couplage 15 est choisi en fonction de la puissance de sortie du tube et des caractéristiques des fenêtres utilisées.In the case of single beam klystrons, the number N of coupling orifices 15 is chosen according to the output power of the tube and the characteristics of the windows used.

Pour ne pas perturber le fonctionnement du tube, il faut que comme dans le cas des klystrons à plusieurs faisceaux, les orifices de couplage 15 entre la cavité de sortie du tube et le circuit de sortie soient régulièrement répartis sur la paroi du circuit de sortie qui est en contact avec la cavité de sortie, comme cela a été représenté dans l'exemple de la figure 4.In order not to disturb the operation of the tube, it is necessary that, as in the case of klystrons with several beams, the coupling orifices 15 between the outlet cavity of the tube and the outlet circuit are regularly distributed over the wall of the outlet circuit which is in contact with the outlet cavity, as shown in the example in Figure 4.

Lorsque le circuit de sortie selon l'invention est utilisé dans un klystron à faisceau unique dont la puissance de sortie n'est pas élevée, on peut laisser les orifices de couplage 15 vides et disposer une fenêtre dans chaque circuit d'utilisation.When the output circuit according to the invention is used in a single beam klystron whose output power is not high, the coupling orifices 15 can be left empty and a window is provided in each use circuit.

Claims (8)

1. An output circuit for a klystron, said klystron comprising an output cavity (3) with which there is coupled the output circuit (13) which is also coupled with at least one load circuit (16), the said output circuit (13) being constituted by an annular cavity formed by a wave guide with a section in the form of a letter H, which is folded onto itself and is placed around the said output cavity, and comprising an in- temal cylindrical wall (22) and an external cylindrical wall (23), the output circuit comprising coupling orifices (15) for coupling with the output cavity and which are regularly disposed on its internal cylindrical wall (22) and comprising at least one coupling orifice (19) for coupling with a load circuit (16) disposed on its cylindrical external wall (23).
2. The output circuit as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the coupling orifices (15) of the output circuit (13) coupled with at least one load circuit (16) closed by a window (17) of a dielectric material.
3. The output circuit as claimed in claim 1, coupled with at least one load circuit (16) closed by a window (17) of a dielectric material, characterized in that the coupling orifices (15) of the output circuit (13) for coupling with the output circuit (3) are empty.
4. A single beam klystron comprising an output cavity (3) coupled with an output circuit (13), characterized in that it is a question of an output circuit in accordance with any one of the claims 1 through 3.
5. A multi-beam klystron comprising an output cavity (3) coupled with an output circuit (13), characterized in that it is a question of an output circuit as claimed in any one of the claims 1 through 3, in that the output circuit comprises a number of coupling orifices (15) for coupling with the output cavity (3), the number thereof being equal to the number of beams of the klystron and in that the orifices (159 are placed opposite to the beams.
6. The klystron as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that it comprises several resonant cavities (3) and a device (5) for focussing placed around the cavities.
7. The klystron as claimed in claim 6, comprising a number of electron guns equal to the number of beams, said guns having a common anode (2), characterized in that it comprises a shield device made up:
- of two plates (6) of magnetic material, disposed on the two sides of the focussing device (6) and pierced by holes allowing the passage of these beams;
- of a cylinder (11) of a magnetic material fitted to the plate (6) situated at the electron gun side of the klystron; and
- a anode (2) of magnetic material.
8. The klystron as claimed in claim 6 or claim 7, characterized in that it comprises drift tubes (4) regularly disposed on a circle centered on the longitudinal axis of the tube and in that in each cavity (3) the distance separating two parts of a drift tube (4), which are facing each other, is of the same order as the internal diameter of the tube.
EP87400565A 1986-03-19 1987-03-13 Klystron output circuit, and klystron comprising it Expired - Lifetime EP0239466B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8603949 1986-03-19
FR8603949A FR2596199B1 (en) 1986-03-19 1986-03-19 OUTPUT CIRCUIT FOR KLYSTRON AND KLYSTRON COMPRISING SUCH AN OUTPUT CIRCUIT

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EP0239466A1 EP0239466A1 (en) 1987-09-30
EP0239466B1 true EP0239466B1 (en) 1990-01-17

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EP87400565A Expired - Lifetime EP0239466B1 (en) 1986-03-19 1987-03-13 Klystron output circuit, and klystron comprising it

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US (1) US4827192A (en)
EP (1) EP0239466B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH07118271B2 (en)
DE (1) DE3761464D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2596199B1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3761464D1 (en) 1990-02-22
FR2596199B1 (en) 1994-03-18
JPH07118271B2 (en) 1995-12-18
JPS62229735A (en) 1987-10-08
US4827192A (en) 1989-05-02
EP0239466A1 (en) 1987-09-30
FR2596199A1 (en) 1987-09-25

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