EP0236601A1 - Machine automatique pour la jonction de deux extrémités de bande - Google Patents

Machine automatique pour la jonction de deux extrémités de bande Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0236601A1
EP0236601A1 EP86301286A EP86301286A EP0236601A1 EP 0236601 A1 EP0236601 A1 EP 0236601A1 EP 86301286 A EP86301286 A EP 86301286A EP 86301286 A EP86301286 A EP 86301286A EP 0236601 A1 EP0236601 A1 EP 0236601A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
seam
arm
warp
threads
warp thread
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86301286A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0236601B1 (fr
EP0236601B2 (fr
Inventor
Malcolm Oldroyd
Dominique G. Rateau
Merlin A. Lübke
Larry D. Anderson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Asten Inc
Original Assignee
Asten Inc
WISCONSIN WIRES Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=8195899&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0236601(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority to US06/770,352 priority Critical patent/US4581794A/en
Application filed by Asten Inc, WISCONSIN WIRES Inc filed Critical Asten Inc
Priority to DE8686301286T priority patent/DE3674192D1/de
Priority to EP86301286A priority patent/EP0236601B2/fr
Priority to AT86301286T priority patent/ATE56490T1/de
Publication of EP0236601A1 publication Critical patent/EP0236601A1/fr
Publication of EP0236601B1 publication Critical patent/EP0236601B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0236601B2 publication Critical patent/EP0236601B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
    • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
    • D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
    • D21F1/0054—Seams thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to apparatus for use in making a woven seam in woven fabric belts, and more particularly to apparatus for forming woven seams in long fabric belts of the type employed in the paper industry in the Fourdrinier section of paper machines.
  • seam weaver It is difficult for the seam weaver to grasp the individual filaments in the proper sequence, yet it is imperative that the seam weaver produce a perfect and continuous woven product. If the filaments are not woven together in the proper order, the fabric is worthless. The seam weaver must also take great care to be sure that the woven filaments are not twisted and such that each knuckle of the seam filaments is properly oriented with respect to the other threads of the fabric.
  • the present invention provides an improved method and apparatus for forming a woven seam joining together the opposite ends of woven fabrics such as fabrics employed on the Fourdrinier section of paper machines.
  • the apparatus of the invention provides a means for mechanically forming a seam and greatly reduces the amount of hand labor otherwise required in the seaming operation.
  • the apparatus of the invention is adapted for use with a frame apparatus for use in supporting the opposite ends of the woven fabric in spaced parallel relation and wherein most of the weft threads are removed from a portion of the ends of the fabric so as to leave a fringe of warp threads.
  • a strip of fabric cut from one of the ends is also positioned between the opposite ends of fabric. The warp threads are removed from this strip of fabric. The warp threads forming the fringe of the opposite ends of the woven fabric can then be woven into the weft threads of the strip so as to form a woven seam joining the opposite ends of the fabric.
  • the apparatus embodying the invention includes means for forming a shed opening in the weft threads of the strip, and means for mechanically gripping a first warp thread from the fringe of one end of the fabric and then conveying that warp thread through the shed opening and then beating that warp thread against the seam face.
  • the shed opening is then changed and a warp thread from the fringe of the other end of the fabric is conveyed through the shed opening in the opposite direction and then beat against the seam face. This operation continues wherein successive warp threads from alternate ends of the fabric are woven into the weft threads of the strip.
  • the apparatus basically comprises a means for forming a shed opening of the weft threads, means for gripping a selected warp thread of the fringe and for pulling it away from the other warp threads of the fringe, and means for laying this warp thread into the weft and pulling it tight or tensioning the warp thread and then beating it against the seam face of the seam being formed.
  • One of the principal features of the invention is the means provided for mechanically gripping selected successive individual warp threads and for conveying them through the shed opening.
  • This means includes the provision of a Jacquard machine supported such that the needles of the Jacquard machine project vertically upwardly and with the needles positioned below the weft threads and supported such that they are independently vertically movable.
  • a spring box is mounted above the weft threads and a plurality of heddles are connected to the spring box and to the needles of the Jacquard machine.
  • Each of the heddles is constructed so as to engage an individual one of the weft threads.
  • the Jacquard machine operates to cause vertical movement of the heddles so as to cause consequent vertical movement of selected ones of the weft threads and formation of a shed opening.
  • the use of a Jacquard machine facilitates control of the shed opening to produce any desired combination and the position of the joins produced can have any selected combination and the seam width can be varied substantially depending upon the fabric being seamed.
  • the heddles provided by the present invention are constructed such that they can be placed around the weft threads and to engage the weft threads, and it is not necessary to thread the weft threads through the heddles.
  • the heddles are also constructed such that once they surround a weft thread, the weft thread is freely slideable in the heddle in the direction of the weft thread and this prevents stretching of the weft threads.
  • this means includes a pivoting reed including a plurality of closely spaced parallel pivoting reed dents.
  • the upper ends of the reed dents project between the weft threads such that a reed dent is positioned between each pair of weft threads.
  • the reed dents are supported for movement between a retracted position spaced from the seam face and a position where they are closely adjacent the seam face.
  • the reed dents are supported in their retracted positions when the warp thread is conveyed through the shed opening and then moved to the second position once the warp thread is tensioned.
  • Means are also provided for causing successive ones of the reed dents to beat the warp thread against the seam face.
  • the beating of the warp thread against the seam face propagates across the seam face. This has the effect of causing the knuckles of the warp threads to be properly positioned with respect to the knuckles of the weft threads and tends to prevent undesirable twisting of the warp threads.
  • Another feature of the invention is the provision of means for supporting the seam weaving apparatus described above such that it will move along the length of the seam as the seam is formed.
  • Another feature of the invention is that the apparatus permits the woven fabric to be supported such that it can be either tented or undraped.
  • Another feature of the invention is the provision of means for causing sequential operation of the Jacquard machine and the means for separating the selected warp thread and for conveying it through the shed opening.
  • This apparatus precludes non-sequential operation of the apparatus for feeding the warp threads through the shed opening and thereby tends to prevent the formation of weave sequence flaws in the woven seam.
  • Another feature of the apparatus embodying the invention is the provision of means for automatically interrupting operation of the apparatus in the event that the apparatus for feeding the warp threads through the shed opening fails to properly grip the selected warp thread.
  • One of the advantages of the apparatus embodying the invention is that it is capable of making any seam style required and is not limited to producing just one type of seam style. This feature is provided by the employment of the Jacquard heddling apparatus in combination with the other apparatus to be described below.
  • the joint locations can be programmed and located as required.
  • Another advantage of the apparatus embodying the invention is that the controlled sequence of operation can be reversed. In the event that the apparatus produces a flaw in the woven seam thereby causing the machine to stop, the operator can reverse the heddling sequence to permit the seam to be unwoven and corrected.
  • FIG. 1 Illustrated in Figure 1 is an apparatus embodying the invention and for forming a woven seam 10 joining the opposite ends 12 and 14 of a woven fabric belt.
  • the opposite ends 12 and 14 of the woven fabric belt are illustrated as being supported in spaced-apart relation.
  • a strip 16 of woven material having been cut from one of the opposite ends 12 and 14 of the belt, is supported between the opposite ends of the belt. This strip is clamped at one end and weights are attached to the opposite end of this strip so that it is pulled taut.
  • the warp threads are removed from the strip of material 16 located between the opposite ends of the belt leaving only the weft threads 18.
  • the opposite ends 12 and 14 of the fabric can be supported in a conventional manner, with one end 12 of the fabric supported over a long metal tube and the other end 14 similarly draped over a long metal tube.
  • the metal tubes are supported at their opposite ends in a conventional manner as is used in a manual seam weaving process and with the metal tubes in spaced apart parallel relation.
  • the metal tubes are spaced apart by a dimension sufficient to house the seam therebetween, and the seam weaving machine embodying the present invention is positioned between the metal tubes and is supported for linear movement in the direction of the longitudinal axis of elongated metal tubes.
  • the opposite ends 12 and 14 of the belt each include a fringe 20 formed by removing a majority of the weft threads.
  • a few weft threads are left at the edge of the fringe 20 to form a relatively narrow ribbon 22 functioning to maintain the warp threads 24 of the fringe 20 in the proper position and to maintain proper relative alignment of the warp threads 24 with respect to one another.
  • the opposite ends of the ribbon 22 are supported such that the warp threads 24 forming the fringe 20 extend vertically upwardly from the peripheral edges of the strip 16 and in spaced apart facing relation on opposite sides of the strip.
  • the woven seam 10 is formed by separating a first one of the warp threads or strands 24 of the fringe 20 and weaving it into the weft threads 18 of the strip. Then a warp thread or strand 24 of the fringe at the opposite end of the strip is separated, and this strand is woven into the weft threads 18 of the strip. This cycle is repeated until a seam has been woven along the entire width of the belt being seamed.
  • Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate schematically the means provided by the apparatus embodying the invention for separating successive ones of the warp threads 24 of the fringe 20 such that they can then be woven into the weft threads 18 of the strip 16. While this means for separating will be described in greater detail hereinafter, in the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2, it includes a reciprocably moveable thread separator 28, the thread separator 28 being moveable from a retracted position shown in solid lines in Figs. 1 and 2 to a second or forward position wherein the thread separator 28 can engage or grip the next successive warp thread 24 of the fringe 20. The thread separator 28 then moves to its retracted position pulling the gripped thread 24 away from the remainder of the fringe 20. One such thread separator 28 is positioned adjacent each fringe 20.
  • the apparatus embodying the invention further includes a pair of transfer arms 30 positioned on opposite sides of the seam 10.
  • Each transfer arm 30 is supported for pivotal movement about a horizontal axis parallel to the warp threads in the woven seam 10.
  • the free end 32 of each transfer arm 30 includes means for gripping a warp thread 24 held by the thread separator 28 when the thread separator 28 is in the retracted position as shown in Figure 2.
  • the free end 32 of the transfer arm 30 is positionable so that it can grip the selected warp thread 24 when the thread separator 28 moves to the retracted position.
  • the transfer arm 30 is then pivotable from the thread gripping position shown in Figs. 1 and 2 to a position shown in Fig. 3 wherein the free end of the warp thread 24 is moved generally forwardly and downwardly as seen in Figs. 1 through 4 to the position shown in Fig. 3 wherein the free end of the warp thread 24 is moved to the plane of the seam 10.
  • the apparatus embodying the invention further includes means for causing the weft threads 18 of the strip 16 to form a shed opening 36 as illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4. While this apparatus will be described in greater detail hereinafter, it generally includes a Jacquard device of the type conventionally used to form a shed opening in weaving apparatus.
  • the apparatus embodying the invention further includes a pair of interlace arms 40 supported for movement between a position as shown in Fig. 3 wherein the free end 42 of the interlace arm 40 extends through the shed opening 36 to grip the warp thread 24 held by the free end 32 of the transfer arm 30, and a retracted position shown in Fig. 4. The free end of the warp thread 24 is pulled by the interlace arm 40 through the shed opening 36 to an opposite side of the seam 10.
  • the apparatus embodying the invention further includes a pair of extractor arms 44 positioned on opposite sides of the seam 10, the extractor arms 44 being positioned closely adjacent the longitudinal edges of the seam 10 to be formed.
  • Each extractor arm 44 is adapted to move between an extended position as shown in Fig. 4 and wherein the free end of the extractor arm 44 is in a position to grip a warp thread 24 held by the free end of the interlace arm 40.
  • the extractor arm 44 can thus grip the end of the warp thread 24 which has been pulled through the shed opening 36 by the interlace arm 40 as shown in Fig. 4, and the extractor arm 44 can then be moved rearwardly to the retracted position shown in phantom in Fig. 4 wherein the gripped warp thread 24 is pulled against the seam face 46.
  • a selected warp thread 24 of the fringe 20 is separated from the remaining warp threads of the fringe, and fed by the transfer arm 30 and the interlace arm 40 through the shed opening 36.
  • the warp thread 24 is then pulled against the seam face 46 by the extractor arm 44.
  • a lay and reed mechanism to be described hereinafter move forward and the reed rolls to beat in the warp thread, and the reed then moves back to the neutral position.
  • the shed opening 36 is then changed or reversed by operation of the Jacquard machine referred to above, and a warp thread 24 from the fringe 20 on the opposite side of the seam 10 is then selected and separated from that fringe.
  • This warp thread 24 is then gripped by a transfer arm 30 and conveyed to a position where it can be gripped by the free end of an interlace arm 40 extending through the shed opening 36.
  • the extractor arm 40 can then engage the warp thread 24 so as to pull it against the seam face 46.
  • the lay and reed mechanism come forward and the reed rolls to beat in the warp thread, and the reed moves back to the neutral position. This process is repeated continually until each warp thread of the fringes 20 is woven into the weft threads 18 of the strip 16 to thereby form a woven seam joining the opposite ends 12 and 14 of the woven belt.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates more particularly a preferred form of the apparatus embodying the invention and adapted to accomplish the seam weaving process described above.
  • the apparatus shown in Figure 5 includes a frame structure 50 adapted to support the seam weaving apparatus described above and supported for movement by a plurality of wheels 52.
  • the frame 50 is supported for movement such that the seam weaving apparatus supported by the frame 50 can move linearly along the length of the seam 10 as the seam weaving process proceeds.
  • the machine frame 50 includes a vertically positioned column 54 supporting a horizontal cantilevered frame 56.
  • the cantilevered frame in turn supports the thread separating and weaving apparatus described above.
  • the vertical column 54 also supports a control box 58 adapted to house conventional pneumatic controls used to control the operation of the thread separating apparatus and the weaving apparatus.
  • the frame 50 further includes means providing a horizontal flat surface for supporting the woven seam 10 joining the opposite ends 12 and 14 of the woven fabric belt.
  • this flat surface is formed by a sheet metal housing 51 supported by the frame 50 and including a planar horizontal upper surface.
  • the frame 50 also supports a conventional Jacquard machine 60.
  • the Jacquard machine being adapted to control the shed opening formed by the weft threads 18 of the strip 16.
  • the Jacquard machine can be a Jacquard device produced by Samuel Dracup & Sons, Ltd., Lane Close Mills, Great Horton, Bradford West Yorkshire, England.
  • This conventional and commercially available Jacquard machine 60 is supported by the frame 50 such that the needles of the Jacquard machine project upwardly and are adapted to move vertically in response to operation of the Jacquard machine.
  • the frame also supports a heddling assembly 62 and a conventional spring box 64 mounted vertically above the Jacquard machine 60.
  • the spring box 64 includes a large number of vertically mounted coil springs, at least one spring being provided for each of the weft threads 18 of the strip 16.
  • a plurality of heddles 66 are mounted between the springs of the spring box 64 and the vertically reciprocal needles of the Jacquard machine 60.
  • An individual heddle 66 surrounds each one of the weft threads 18, and the heddles 66 are connected to respective ones of the vertically oriented springs of the spring box 64 and to respective ones of the needles of the Jacquard machine 60.
  • the Jacquard machine 60 operates to cause selected ones of the needles to be moved vertically thereby causing a consequent vertical movement of the heddle 66 connected to that needle. Such movement of the heddles 66 results in movement of the weft threads 18 and formation of a shed opening. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that by the use of the Jacquard heddling device, the shed opening 36 formed by the weft threads 18 can be varied in any desired pattern and the width of the shed opening 36 can be varied depending upon the seam style desired.
  • each heddle is comprised of a pair of thin metal blades 67 and 69 of substantially the same length. These blades 67 and 69 are positioned in parallel facing relation and a thin circular metal disc 71 is positioned between the ends of the blades so as to support these ends of adjacent parallel blades in spaced parallel facing relation.
  • the circular metal disc has a thickness slightly greater than the thickness of the weft threads.
  • the blades 67 and 69 are fixedly joined to the metal disc 71. While the means for joining the blades 67 and 69 to the metal disc could have various constructions, in one preferred form of the invention, the blades 67 and 69 are laser welded to the metal disc 71.
  • the heddle 66 also includes a second metal disc 73 positioned between the blades 67 and 69 adjacent the first metal disc 71 but spaced therefrom.
  • the second metal disc 73 is fixed to one of the blades 67 and includes a planar side adapted to contact the other metal blade 69.
  • the blades 67 and 69 are flexible, and since the blades are joined together at only one end, they can be spread apart as shown in Fig. 13.
  • heddles 66 are placed over individual weft threads 18.
  • the free ends of the blades 67 and 69 of the heddles 66 are separated and slipped over weft threads 18.
  • the blades 67 and 69 are sufficiently flexible that the blade 67 can be pulled away from the second disc 73 sufficiently that the weft thread 18 can be passed between the blade 67 and the second disc so as to be positioned between the discs 71 and 73 and the blades 67 and 69.
  • the weft thread is thus securely held in the heddle 66.
  • the means for separating the warp threads is illustrated more particularly in Figs. 6 and 8-11.
  • the apparatus on one side of the woven seam 10 for separating warp threads 24 and for feeding them into the weft threads 18 so as to form the woven seam is a mirror image of the apparatus provided on the opposite side of the seam. Accordingly, only the apparatus on one side of the seam will be described in detail.
  • a pair of depending arms 70 extend downwardly from the free end of the cantilevered frame 56, each of the arms 70 having an upper end fixed to the free end of the cantilevered frame 56.
  • the downwardly depending arms 70 are substantially the same in construction and accordingly, only one will be described in detail.
  • the downwardly depending arms 70 each support a horizontally extending support arm 72 (Figs. 6, 8 and 9) and a slide track or slide body 74.
  • the means for separating successive warp threads 24 from the fringe 20 includes a separator body 28 adapted to be horizontally moveable from a retracted position shown in phantom in Fig. 9 to an extended position wherein the separator body 28 can engage and grip the next successive one of the warp threads 24 of the fringe 20.
  • the separator body 28 is also provided for supporting the separator body 28 for such reciprocal movement. While the separator body 28 could be supported in various ways, in the illustrated construction, and as shown in Fig. 11, the lower surface 76 of the slide track 74 includes an elongated, T-shaped groove 78 extending along the length of the slide track 74, and a T-shaped slide member 80 is housed in the groove 78 and is reciprocably moveable therein in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the slide track 74.
  • the separator body 28 is fixed to the slide member 80 so as to be reciprocably moveable with the slide member 80.
  • Means are also provided for causing reciprocable linear movement of the separator body 28 between the extended position and the retracted position.
  • this means for causing such movement includes a pneumatic cylinder 82 and piston 84.
  • the cylinder 82 includes a forward end fixedly joined to the slide track 74, and the free end of the piston 84 is connected to the slide member 80.
  • the pneumatic cylinder 82 could comprise any suitable commercially available cylinder assembly, in one preferred form of the invention, the piston and cylinder can be commercially available products manufactured by Kuhnke Pneumatic, Malente/Holstein, West Germany.
  • the separator 28 in the illustrated construction, it comprises a very small L-shaped plate, the plate being positioned such that it defines a generally horizontal plane and the leg of the "L" 86 extends forwardly toward the fringe.
  • the separator body 28 also includes a groove 88 formed at the juncture of the leg 86 of the separator and the body portion, this groove 88 being adapted to house a plurality of warp threads 24 of the fringe 20.
  • the separator 28 also includes a selection needle 90 housed in a narrow generally planar and horizontally oriented slot 91 bisecting a portion of the separator body 28.
  • the selection needle 90 is supported there for horizontal reciprocal movement in the narrow planar slot 91 in a direction perpendicular to the vertical plane defined by the fringe 20 of warp threads 24.
  • the selection needle 90 includes a very small hook 92 adapted to engage a single warp thread 24 of the fringe 20 and to clampingly force that warp thread 24 against the surface 94 of the leg portion 86 of the separator body.
  • this means comprises a small pneumatic cylinder 96 fixed to the separator body 28 and a piston 98 being connected to the selection needle 90.
  • the cylinder 96 is connected to a source of air pressure by a flexible hose 100.
  • Means are also provided for resiliently supporting the selection needle 90 such that as the separator body 28 moves from the retracted position to the extended position wherein the selection needle 90 engages the leading warp thread 24, the selection needle 90 will yield to the force applied on the selection needle 90 by the warp thread 24 thereby preventing the separator apparatus from causing the warp threads 24 to bunch up when the warp threads are engaged by the selection needle 90.
  • the horizontal narrow slot 91 in the separator body supports the selection needle 90 such that it is moveable in the slot 91 in a generally horizontal plane and toward and away from the warp threads 24.
  • a very light leaf spring 102 is mounted in the slot 91 and yieldably resiliently supports the selection needle 90. The leaf spring 102 is particularly selected to support the selection needle but to permit sufficient movement of the selection needle when it engages the lead warp thread 24 and so as to prevent bunching of the warp threads.
  • the separator body 28 is supported such that it is positioned between weft threads 22 of the ribbon supporting the free edge of the warp threads 24.
  • the separator body 28 is adapted to be slideable reciprocable in the direction of the weft threads 22 and between the weft threads. The weft threads 22 will thus ensure alignment or proper positioning of the ends of the warp threads 24 with respect to the separator body 28.
  • means are also provided for gripping the warp thread 24 pulled away from the fringe by the separator 28 and for moving the free end of the warp thread 24 to a position adjacent the shed opening 36 and to one side of the shed opening 26 whereby the warp thread 24 may be gripped by an interlace arm 40.
  • This means includes the transfer arm 30 best illustrated in Figures 6 and 8-11.
  • the transfer arm 30 is generally L-shaped and includes one end 32 adapted to grip the warp thread 24 and an opposite end 104 supported by the frame. More particularly, the frame or support structure includes a rearwardly and horizontally extending rigid arm 106 adapted to support the opposite end 104 of the transfer arm 30.
  • the free end of the transfer arm i.e.
  • end 32 of the transfer arm 30 adapted to be positioned adjacent the separator assembly includes means for gripping the selected separated warp thread 24. While the means for gripping could have other construction, as best shown in Figs. 9 and 12, a notch or opening 108 is cut in the free end 32 of the transfer arm 30, and the free end of the transfer arm is hollow and functions as a cylinder 109.
  • the cylinder houses a pneumatically operated piston 110, the piston 110 being supported for movement between a first position wherein the notch 108 is open and a second position wherein the piston 110 moves toward the free end of the transfer arm 30 to clamp the selected warp thread 24 against the end of the notch 108 to thereby clampingly engage the warp thread 24 as shown in Fig. 12.
  • this means comprises a pneumatic rotary cylinder 112 fixed to the support arm 106, and the piston 114 of the rotary cylinder 112 also defines a cylinder of a pneumatic linearly extensible cylinder assembly.
  • a reciprocable piston 116 is fixed to the end 104 of the transfer arm 30. While the rotary piston 114 and cylinder 112 could comprise any conventional rotary pneumatic piston and cylinder, in one embodiment of the invention, they can comprise a commercially available rotary piston and cylinder manufactured by Microtechnik, Grenchen/Switzerland.
  • the transfer arm 30 In operation of the transfer arm 30, it is initially positioned as shown in Figure 6 with the piston 110 (Fig. 12) housed in the free end 32 of the transfer arm 30 in a retracted position.
  • the separator 28 functions to grip a warp thread 24 and pull it away from the remaining warp threads of the fringe 20, and when the separator body 28 moves rearwardly, the warp thread 24 is pulled into the notch 108 in the free end 32 of the transfer arm 30.
  • the piston 110 in the free end 32 of the transfer arm 30 is then actuated so as to clamp the warp thread 24 against the end wall 111 of the notch 108.
  • the linear piston 116 and cylinder 114 are then actuated to cause inward movement of the transfer arm 30, i.e.
  • this means includes the interlace arm 40 supported for pivotal movement about a generally vertical axis.
  • the interlace arm 40 is generally L-shaped and includes one end 120 pivotally supported for pivotal movement about a vertical axis and an opposite or free end 122 supported for movement in a generally horizontal path from one side of the seam 10 through the shed opening 36 to an opposite side of the seam.
  • the free end 122 of the interlace arm 40 is similar in construction to the free end 32 of the transfer arm 30 in that it also includes means for gripping a warp thread as illustrated in Fig. 12.
  • the free end 122 of the interlace arm 40 includes a notch 124 adapted to house the end of the warp thread, and the free end 122 of the interlace arm 40 is tubular so as to define a cylinder housing a piston moveable from a retracted position to a warp thread clamping position.
  • the interlace arm 40 In operation of the interlace arm 40, prior to downward pivotal movement of the transfer arm 30, the interlace arm 40 will swing from a retracted position (Fig. 2) through the shed opening 36 to the position illustrated in Fig. 3 wherein the free end 122 of the interlace arm 40 is adjacent the edge of the seam 10.
  • the transfer arm 30 is then caused to pivot downwardly, the free end 32 of the transfer arm 30 will move downwardly over the free end 122 of the interlace arm 40 thereby draping the warp thread 24 over the free end 122 of the interlace arm 40 such that the warp thread 24 can be received in the notch 124 provided in the interlace arm 40.
  • the piston in the free end of the interlace arm is caused to extend such that it will clampingly engage the warp thread 24, and the piston clamping means of the transfer arm 30 will release the warp thread.
  • the transfer arm 30 will be pivoted to its original position, and the interlace arm 40 will also be returned to its retracted position (Fig. 4) with the free end 122 of the interlace arm 40 pulling the warp thread 24 through the shed opening.
  • the interlace arm 40 could have other configurations, and other means could be provided for causing translational movement of the free end 122 of the interlace arm 40 for movement from the retracted position to a position wherein the free end of the interlace arm extends through the shed opening 36 to a position wherein the free end 122 of the interlace arm 40 extends through the shed opening 32 to a position where it can grip a warp thread 24 held by the transfer arm.
  • the interlace arm could be linear and a relatively long stroke piston and cylinder could be provided for causing linear movement of an end of such an interlace means.
  • Means are also provided for gripping the end of the warp thread 24 supported by the free end 122 of the interlace arm 40 after the interlace arm has pulled the end of the warp thread 24 through the shed opening 36 and for pulling this free end of the warp thread rearwardly and upwardly out of the shed area and for causing the warp thread to engage the seam face 46.
  • This means also provides means for keeping tension on the warp thread while reed dents can engage the warp thread and force the warp thread against the seam face 46.
  • This means for gripping the end of the warp thread 24 includes an extractor gripper 44 which comprises a generally vertically extending arm. The lower end 130 (Fig.
  • the extractor gripper arm 44 includes means for gripping the free end of the warp thread 24 held by interlace arm 40.
  • this means for gripping is similar to that provided on a free end of the transfer arm 30 and the free end 32 of the interlace arm 40 and comprises a piston and cylinder arrangement.
  • the lower end 130 of the extractor gripper arm is tubular and functions as a cylinder housing a piston.
  • the lower end 130 of the extractor arm 44 includes a notch 132 adapted to house the end of the warp thread 24, and a piston 131 housed in the lower end 130 is reciprocably moveable so as to clampingly engage the warp thread 24.
  • Means are also provided for causing translational horizontal movement of the extractor arm 44 from a retracted position shown in Fig. 6 to a forward position wherein the extractor gripper can clampingly engage a warp thread extending through the shed opening 36.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates one of the extractor arms 44 having been moved forwardly from the retracted position shown in phantom in Fig. 4 to a forward position wherein it can engage a warp thread 24.
  • the means for causing horizontal reciprocal movement of the extractor arm 44 could have various constructions, in the illustrated arrangement, the extractor arm 44 is supported for movement by a linear bearing 136 supported by an upper end of the support arm 70 which is in turn fixed to the free end of the cantilevered frame 56.
  • the linear bearing 136 includes a horizontally extending rod 138, and the extractor arm 44 is supported by a slide member 140 supported on the rod 138 for linear reciprocable movement. Means are also provided for causing selected translational movement of the slide member 140 along the support rod 138. While this means could include a conventional pneumatic piston and cylinder, in the illustrated arrangement, the means for causing movement of the slide member 140 includes a commercially available pneumatic cable cylinder 142 manufactured by Martonair, Twickenhaun, England.
  • the cable cylinder 142 generally includes a cable 144 reeved over a pair of pulleys 146.
  • the slide member 140 is fixed to the cable 144.
  • the cable cylinder 142 also includes a cylinder 146, and a piston 148 is housed in the cylinder 146.
  • the cable 144 is connected to the piston 148.
  • the piston 148 causes movement of the cable 144 and translational movement of the slide member 140 on the support rod 138.
  • the extractor gripper assembly also includes means for causing selected vertical movement of the lower end 130 of the extractor arm 44.
  • this means comprises a pair of pneumatic cylinders 150 and 152 mounted in vertically stacked relation. More particularly, this means includes a first pneumatic cylinder 150 fixed to the slide member 140 and mounted vertically.
  • This cylinder 150 includes a piston 154 and the second cylinder 152 is fixedly attached to the lower end of this piston 154.
  • the second cylinder 152 houses a piston 156 also supported for vertcial reciprocal movement. The lower end of the piston 156 supports the extractor arm 44.
  • the cable cylinder 142 is actuated to cause the extractor gripper 44 to move forwardly from the position shown in Figure 6 to a forward position wherein the lower end 130 of the extractor gripper 44 is adjacent the shed opening 36.
  • the cylinders 150 and 152 are then actuated to cause downward movement of the extractor gripper 44 to a position wherein the notch 132 can receive the warp thread 24 as the interlace arm 40 pulls the warp thread 24 through the shed opening.
  • the warp thread 24 is then clampingly engaged in the notch 132 by the piston 131.
  • the cylinder 152 is then actuated to cause upward movement of the extractor gripper arm 44 to a position wherein the warp thread 24 held by the free end 130 of the extractor gripper 44 will be positioned slightly above the plane of the seam.
  • the cable cylinder 142 is then actuated again to cause rearward translational movement of the extractor arm 44 thereby pulling the warp thread 24 rearwardly such that it is pulled against the seam face 46 and the free end of the warp thread 24 is pulled under the ski 154.
  • the second cylinder 150 is then actuated to cause upward movement of the extractor arm 44 to the position which is shown in Fig. 6.
  • Means are also provided for beating the warp thread 24 against the seam face 46 in a manner which provides for alignment of the knuckles of the fabric.
  • the means for beating the warp threads 24 against the seam face 46 is best shown in Fig. 7 and generally comprises a lay and reed mechanism 160 supported by the frame 50 and positioned below the woven seam 10 being formed.
  • the lay and reed mechanism 160 includes a plurality of reed dents 162, the reed dents 162 being conventional and generally comprising thin elongated metal strips positioned in side by side stacked relation, the reed dents defining a plurality of closely spaced vertical paralled planes, and with one of the strips or reed dents 162 being positioned between each pair of weft threads 18.
  • the lay and reed mechanism 160 also includes means for supporting the plurality of reed dents 162 such that they are moveable from the position shown in Fig. 7 in solid lines to the dotted line or phantom position.
  • the means for supporting the reed dents 162 includes a support arm 164 which is pivotably joined at its lower end to the machine frame 50 for pivotal movement between the solid line position or retracted position shown in Fig. 7 and the phantom position wherein the reed dents 162 can beat the warp thread 24 into the seam face 46.
  • Means are also provided for causing such reciprocal or pivotal movement of the support arm 164.
  • this means includes a pneumatic piston 166 pivotably connected by a pin 168 to the machine frame 50 and including a piston 170 pivotably connected to the support arm 164 by a pin 172 at a point intermediate the opposite ends of the support arm 164.
  • the upper end of the support arm 164 includes a pivot shaft 174.
  • the planar thin metal strips forming the reed dents 162 are mounted in side by side stacked relationship on this pivot shaft 174, and the reed dents 162 are supported on pivot shaft 174 to be freely pivotable about the axis of this pivot shaft 174 and are freely and independently moveable with respect to each other.
  • One of the features of the invention is the provision of means, when the support arm is in the phantom position shown in Fig. 7, for causing engagement of successive ones of the reed dents 162 against the warp thread 24 to beat the warp thread against the seam face 46. This means provides for a wave action of the reed dents 162.
  • This means for causing the reed dents 162 to move from the dotted line position to the broken line position in Fig. 7 includes a reed roller 180 adapted to engage the lower ends 182 of the reed dents 162 as shown in Fig. 7.
  • the reed roller 180 is supported for translational movement in the direction of the axis of the horizontal pivot shaft 174 of the reed dents 162 such that the roller 180 can move from one end of the pivot shaft 174 to the opposite end and contact successive ones of the reed dents 162 as it moves reciprocably in this manner.
  • Means are also provided for causing such translational movement of the reed roller 180 along the length of the horizontal pivot shaft 174.
  • the reed roller 180 is supported for rotation about the axis of a generally vertically extending shaft 186, the reed roller 180 being freely rotatable about this shaft.
  • the lower end of the shaft 186 is supported by a slide member 188 supported for slideable reciprocable movement on a pair of support rods 190.
  • the lower end of the slide member 188 is fixed to a cable 192 of a cable cylinder 194 having the same structure as the cable cylinder 142 supporting the extractor gripper arm 44.
  • Operation of the cable cylinder 194 is functional to cause translational reciprocal movement of the slide member 188 and the reed roller 180 along the support shafts 190 and in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the pivot shaft 174 of the reed dents. While the slide member 188 has been described as being driven by a cable cylinder 194, it will be readily understood that in other embodiments of the invention, an elongated pneumatic piston and cylinder arrangement could be provided to cause such translational movement. Similarly, a screwdrive arrangement or other similar conventional device could also be employed.
  • the frame 50 also includes an electric motor 51 operably drivingly connected to at least one wheel 52 supporting the frame 50 such that the seaming machine is mechanically driven along the length of the seam as the seam weaving process continues.
  • Means are also provided for sending a signal to the electric motor 51 to cause operation of the electric motor 51 and movement of the frame 50 as the seam weaving process continues and the seam face builds up.
  • the lay and reed mechanism 160 includes means for sending a signal to the electric drive motor 51 for causing the motor to cause a slight advance of the machine when the seam face 46 builds up.
  • this means for sending a signal to the motor includes an electrical switch 196 fixed to the support arm 164.
  • the reed dents 162 and the structure for causing pivotal movement of the reed dents about the horizontal pivot shaft 174 are all supported by a frame 198, the frame 198 being pivotably joined by a pivot pin 200 to the upper end of the support arm 164.
  • the frame 198 is supported for limited pivotal movement with respect to the upper end of the support arm 164.
  • the frame structure 198, the reed mechanism and the means for causing respective pivotal movement of the reed dents 162 are weighted such that when the support arm is in the position shown in phantom in Fig.
  • the weight of this structure tends to cause the reed dent supporting mechanism to pivot about the shaft in a clockwise direction as seen in Fig. 7.
  • the seam face 46 will restrict the movement of the reed dents.
  • the frame 198 will pivot in a counterclockwise direction and will engage the switch 196 thereby sending a signal to the electric motor 51 to advance the seaming machine incrementally forwardly away from the seam face 46.
  • Means are also provided for controlling the operation of the pneumatic piston and cylinder assemblies described above and for supplying air pressure to these piston and cylinder assemblies so as to cause operation of the pneumatic cylinder assemblies in a controlled sequence.
  • the control means can be housed in the control housing 58 and can comprise a commercially available Martonaire Bi-Selector Model/660H manufactured by Martonaire, Ltd., Twickenham, England.
  • this control apparatus can be operably connected by air lines to each of the pneumatically operated piston and cylinders through a series of control valves.
  • the pneumatic sequencer operates to supply air to the pneumatic piston and cylinders in sequence to thereby provide for a step by step controlled and sequential operation of the various components.
  • each gripper includes a piston and cylinder arrangement.
  • the end of each such cylinder is provided with an electrical contact 210 (Fig. 12) and the piston also includes an electrical contact 212.
  • the thread 24 will be positioned between the piston contact 212 and cylinder contact 210 thereby preventing electrical contact between the piston contact 212 and cylinder contact 210. If, on the other hand, the thread is not properly gripped, the end of the piston will make electrical contact with the cylinder contact 210 and the machine will be shut off.
  • the electrical apparatus for shutting off the machine can also cause an alarm to be sounded.
  • One of the features of the invention is that in the event the machine is shut off due to failure by one of the grippers to properly grip the warp thread 24, the operator can then cause the heddling sequence to reverse to a point where any flaw that has been created can be corrected.
  • the seam width can be adjustable from, for example, approximately 2 inches to approximately 6 inches depending on the type of fabric being seamed and the width of the seam desired.
  • the downwardly extending support arms 70 are connected to the cantilevered frame 56 in a manner which permits adjustable movement of the arms toward and away from each other so as to permit adjustment of the positioning of the selector mechanisms and the warp thread transfer and weaving means. Accordingly, the width of the fabric strip positioned between the ends of the woven fabric can be of any desired width and the resulting seam can have any selected width.

Landscapes

  • Looms (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Replacement Of Web Rolls (AREA)
  • Decoration Of Textiles (AREA)
EP86301286A 1984-03-07 1986-02-22 Machine automatique pour la jonction de deux extrémités de bande Expired - Lifetime EP0236601B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/770,352 US4581794A (en) 1984-03-07 1985-08-27 Automatic seaming machine for fabric belts
DE8686301286T DE3674192D1 (de) 1986-02-22 1986-02-22 Automatische maschine zum verbinden zweier enden eines bandes.
EP86301286A EP0236601B2 (fr) 1986-02-22 1986-02-22 Machine automatique pour la jonction de deux extrémités de bande
AT86301286T ATE56490T1 (de) 1986-02-22 1986-02-22 Automatische maschine zum verbinden zweier enden eines bandes.

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP86301286A EP0236601B2 (fr) 1986-02-22 1986-02-22 Machine automatique pour la jonction de deux extrémités de bande

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0236601A1 true EP0236601A1 (fr) 1987-09-16
EP0236601B1 EP0236601B1 (fr) 1990-09-12
EP0236601B2 EP0236601B2 (fr) 1996-09-04

Family

ID=8195899

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86301286A Expired - Lifetime EP0236601B2 (fr) 1984-03-07 1986-02-22 Machine automatique pour la jonction de deux extrémités de bande

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0236601B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE56490T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3674192D1 (fr)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0350574A1 (fr) * 1988-07-13 1990-01-17 F. Oberdorfer Siebtechnik GmbH Machine pour fabriquer une liaison sans fin d'une bande de tissu.
EP0586959A1 (fr) * 1992-08-24 1994-03-16 NOVATECH GmbH Siebe und Technologie für Papier Support pour le peigne d'un métier à tisser les jointures
EP0597493A1 (fr) * 1992-11-12 1994-05-18 NOVATECH GmbH Siebe und Technologie für Papier Métier à tisser les jointures pour lier un tissu synthétique avec une machine Jacquard placée en dessous de la foule
EP0597495A1 (fr) * 1992-11-12 1994-05-18 NOVATECH GmbH Siebe und Technologie für Papier Guidage du harnais réglable pour la machine Jacquard d'un métier à tisser les jointures
EP0610881A1 (fr) * 1993-02-08 1994-08-17 NOVATECH GmbH Siebe und Technologie für Papier Métier à tisser les jointures avec pince pour franges
US5358015A (en) * 1992-11-13 1994-10-25 Novatech Gmbh Siebe Und Technologie Fur Papier Draw-through gripper for the insertion of an auxiliary weft thread into a seam-weaving shed
EP0886003A2 (fr) * 1997-06-16 1998-12-23 Jwi Limited Dispositif pour effiler des fils d'un tissu
US6089280A (en) * 1998-08-31 2000-07-18 Texco Ab Apparatus for control of weft threads in a shaft frame weaving machine
DE4215971C2 (de) * 1992-05-14 2000-08-17 Wis Engineering Gmbh Timelkam Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Naht zum Endlosmachen eines Gewebebandes, insbesondere eines Papiermaschinensiebes
US6148870A (en) * 1998-08-31 2000-11-21 Texo Ab Tubular fabric weaving machine with turnover fold control
US6152187A (en) * 1998-08-31 2000-11-28 Texo Ab Heald frame weaving machine for forming strengthened tubular-woven products
DE20105091U1 (de) * 2001-03-23 2002-09-05 Wangner Finckh Gmbh & Co Kg Spannzange für Nahtwebmaschinen
DE10330958A1 (de) * 2003-07-08 2005-02-03 Wangner Finckh Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Entfernen einer Mehrzahl parallel verlaufender Fäden aus einem Gewebe
WO2005090663A1 (fr) * 2004-03-19 2005-09-29 Wangner Gmbh & Co. Kg Platine pour separateur de metier a tisser avec formation de couture
DE202005018856U1 (de) * 2005-12-01 2007-04-12 Wangner Gmbh & Co Kg Halterung für das Webblatt einer Nahtwebmaschine, um den Nahtschussfaden wahlweise mittels Schrägstellung der Riete oder verfahrbarer Rolle einzuwälzen

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4133374A1 (de) * 1991-10-05 1993-04-08 Wetec Webmaschinentechnik Gmbh Fadenvereinzeler, der aus einem gewebe gezielt einzelne oder mehrere faeden entnehmen kann
US8826957B2 (en) 2012-08-31 2014-09-09 General Electric Company Methods and systems for automated ply layup for composites

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1341245A (en) * 1919-07-16 1920-05-25 Jr Henry Ruegg Heddle
FR952973A (fr) * 1947-08-25 1949-11-28 Procédé d'obtention d'une courroie sans fin, tissée
US2786256A (en) * 1953-10-30 1957-03-26 Axelsson Axel Apparatus for tying threads in a cloth joining operation
US2845686A (en) * 1955-12-02 1958-08-05 F C Huyck & Sons Apparatus and method for forming endless fabrics
EP0013994A1 (fr) * 1979-01-25 1980-08-06 Hermann Wangner GmbH & Co. KG Tamis sans fin d'égouttage à plusieurs couches et procédé de liaison sans fin d'un tamis d'égouttage à plusieurs couches
EP0043441A1 (fr) * 1980-07-09 1982-01-13 Hermann Wangner GmbH & Co. KG Procédé et dispositif pour réaliser une jointure tissée comme liaison entre deux bouts de tissu
WO1984000782A1 (fr) * 1982-08-20 1984-03-01 Scapa Porritt Ltd Machine pour couture automatique

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1341245A (en) * 1919-07-16 1920-05-25 Jr Henry Ruegg Heddle
FR952973A (fr) * 1947-08-25 1949-11-28 Procédé d'obtention d'une courroie sans fin, tissée
US2786256A (en) * 1953-10-30 1957-03-26 Axelsson Axel Apparatus for tying threads in a cloth joining operation
US2845686A (en) * 1955-12-02 1958-08-05 F C Huyck & Sons Apparatus and method for forming endless fabrics
EP0013994A1 (fr) * 1979-01-25 1980-08-06 Hermann Wangner GmbH & Co. KG Tamis sans fin d'égouttage à plusieurs couches et procédé de liaison sans fin d'un tamis d'égouttage à plusieurs couches
EP0043441A1 (fr) * 1980-07-09 1982-01-13 Hermann Wangner GmbH & Co. KG Procédé et dispositif pour réaliser une jointure tissée comme liaison entre deux bouts de tissu
WO1984000782A1 (fr) * 1982-08-20 1984-03-01 Scapa Porritt Ltd Machine pour couture automatique

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0350574A1 (fr) * 1988-07-13 1990-01-17 F. Oberdorfer Siebtechnik GmbH Machine pour fabriquer une liaison sans fin d'une bande de tissu.
DE4215971C2 (de) * 1992-05-14 2000-08-17 Wis Engineering Gmbh Timelkam Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Naht zum Endlosmachen eines Gewebebandes, insbesondere eines Papiermaschinensiebes
EP0586959A1 (fr) * 1992-08-24 1994-03-16 NOVATECH GmbH Siebe und Technologie für Papier Support pour le peigne d'un métier à tisser les jointures
US5421373A (en) * 1992-08-24 1995-06-06 Novatech Gmbh Siebe Und Technologie Fur Papier Apparatus for staggering reed dents in a seam weaving machine
EP0597493A1 (fr) * 1992-11-12 1994-05-18 NOVATECH GmbH Siebe und Technologie für Papier Métier à tisser les jointures pour lier un tissu synthétique avec une machine Jacquard placée en dessous de la foule
EP0597495A1 (fr) * 1992-11-12 1994-05-18 NOVATECH GmbH Siebe und Technologie für Papier Guidage du harnais réglable pour la machine Jacquard d'un métier à tisser les jointures
US5375628A (en) * 1992-11-12 1994-12-27 Novatech Gmbh Siebe Und Technologie Fur Papier Adjustable harness guide for the Jacquard machine of a seam-weaving machine
US5358015A (en) * 1992-11-13 1994-10-25 Novatech Gmbh Siebe Und Technologie Fur Papier Draw-through gripper for the insertion of an auxiliary weft thread into a seam-weaving shed
EP0610881A1 (fr) * 1993-02-08 1994-08-17 NOVATECH GmbH Siebe und Technologie für Papier Métier à tisser les jointures avec pince pour franges
US6014797A (en) * 1997-06-16 2000-01-18 Jwi Ltd. Method and apparatus for unravelling threads
EP0886003A3 (fr) * 1997-06-16 1999-01-13 Jwi Limited Dispositif pour effiler des fils d'un tissu
EP0886003A2 (fr) * 1997-06-16 1998-12-23 Jwi Limited Dispositif pour effiler des fils d'un tissu
US6089280A (en) * 1998-08-31 2000-07-18 Texco Ab Apparatus for control of weft threads in a shaft frame weaving machine
US6148870A (en) * 1998-08-31 2000-11-21 Texo Ab Tubular fabric weaving machine with turnover fold control
US6152187A (en) * 1998-08-31 2000-11-28 Texo Ab Heald frame weaving machine for forming strengthened tubular-woven products
DE20105091U1 (de) * 2001-03-23 2002-09-05 Wangner Finckh Gmbh & Co Kg Spannzange für Nahtwebmaschinen
US6948531B2 (en) 2001-03-23 2005-09-27 Wangner Finckh Gmbh & Co. Kg Gripping collet for seam-weaving machines
DE10330958A1 (de) * 2003-07-08 2005-02-03 Wangner Finckh Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Entfernen einer Mehrzahl parallel verlaufender Fäden aus einem Gewebe
WO2005090663A1 (fr) * 2004-03-19 2005-09-29 Wangner Gmbh & Co. Kg Platine pour separateur de metier a tisser avec formation de couture
DE202005018856U1 (de) * 2005-12-01 2007-04-12 Wangner Gmbh & Co Kg Halterung für das Webblatt einer Nahtwebmaschine, um den Nahtschussfaden wahlweise mittels Schrägstellung der Riete oder verfahrbarer Rolle einzuwälzen
US7506669B2 (en) 2005-12-01 2009-03-24 Huyck.Wangner Germany Gmbh Support for the reed of a seam-weaving machine for rolling-in the seam-weft thread alternatively by tilting the reed dents or a movable roll

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3674192D1 (de) 1990-10-18
EP0236601B1 (fr) 1990-09-12
ATE56490T1 (de) 1990-09-15
EP0236601B2 (fr) 1996-09-04

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