EP0235318A1 - Actionneur électromagnétique - Google Patents

Actionneur électromagnétique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0235318A1
EP0235318A1 EP86102551A EP86102551A EP0235318A1 EP 0235318 A1 EP0235318 A1 EP 0235318A1 EP 86102551 A EP86102551 A EP 86102551A EP 86102551 A EP86102551 A EP 86102551A EP 0235318 A1 EP0235318 A1 EP 0235318A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
pole piece
magnetic body
sectional area
wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86102551A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0235318B1 (fr
Inventor
Reinhard Dr. Ing. Schwenzer
Victor Cohanciuc
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gas Gesellschaft fur Antriebs- und Steuerungstechnik Mbh & Cokg
Original Assignee
Gas Gesellschaft fur Antriebs- und Steuerungstechnik Mbh & Cokg
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gas Gesellschaft fur Antriebs- und Steuerungstechnik Mbh & Cokg filed Critical Gas Gesellschaft fur Antriebs- und Steuerungstechnik Mbh & Cokg
Publication of EP0235318A1 publication Critical patent/EP0235318A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0235318B1 publication Critical patent/EP0235318B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1615—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/86493—Multi-way valve unit
    • Y10T137/86558—Plural noncommunicating flow paths

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an actuating magnet with a magnetic body and with an excitation winding arranged in the magnetic body, which encloses an axially movable armature of a predetermined first radial cross-sectional area, at least one end of the armature forming a pole piece with a second radial cross-sectional area which is substantially larger than the first cross-sectional area and there is also a working air gap between the pole piece and a wall of the magnetic body radially covering the excitation winding at least partially on one end face.
  • Such an actuating magnet is known from DE-OS 20 23 126.
  • Actuating magnets are generally known and are used in practice as single lifting magnets, reversing lifting magnets, double lifting magnets, control magnets, pulse magnets and the like. For a large number of control, regulation and switching tasks.
  • the armature In the known actuating magnets, the armature generally has the shape of a cylindrical body, one end of which, acting as a pole piece, cooperates with the wall of the magnetic body via the working air gap, which closes the magnetic circuit.
  • the actuating force is limited and accordingly large actuating magnets have to be used for high actuating forces or low actuating forces have to be accepted in the case of limited external dimensions of the magnet.
  • an actuating magnet for a valve in which the armature has the shape of a cylinder which widens conically outwards at one end.
  • the magnetic body has the shape of a shell core, i.e. it is cylindrical and has a hollow cylindrical cavity for receiving the excitation winding.
  • the cylindrical yoke part lying in the axis of the magnet body extends over about a third of the axial length and the conical bore provided on the opposite end face.
  • the armature can thus be inserted into the magnet body from this side, so that when the armature is attracted, the armature rests with its cylindrical end face on the end face of the axial yoke part of the magnet body, while the opposite, conically widened end face of the armature contacts the conical bore in the end face of the magnetic body.
  • the magnet has two air gaps when the armature is lifted, namely on the one hand a radially extending air gap on the cylinder end face of the armature and on the other hand a conical air gap in the region of the conical seat of the other end face of the armature on the corresponding surface of the magnet body .
  • the armature of the known actuating magnet is also opened to the outside because the field lines can emerge from the air gap from the front of the magnetic body to the outside.
  • the known actuating magnet thus has the disadvantage that the air gap induction is considerably reduced due to the double working air gap when the lifting magnet is not actuated, so that only comparatively small actuating forces are generated.
  • the system is also open to the outside world.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of developing an actuating magnet of the type mentioned in such a way that high actuating forces are achieved with very small dimensions and that the system is protected as possible against external influences.
  • the wall magnetically shields the end face of the excitation winding, that the pole piece is arranged opposite the inside of the wall and that the working air gap runs radially.
  • the object on which the invention is based is thus completely achieved because the external dimensions of the magnet body do not need to be enlarged in spite of the widened ends of the armature, since the excitation winding with the coil body surrounding the armature requires a certain minimum diameter which determines the outer diameter of the magnet body.
  • the system also has a high actuation force because only one air gap is provided and it is independent from the outside because the pole piece is arranged opposite the inside of the overlying wall.
  • the second cross-sectional area is at least twice, preferably eight times as large as the first cross-sectional area.
  • This measure has the advantage that a corresponding increase in the actuating force can be achieved because it increases approximately proportionally with the cross-sectional area.
  • a permanent magnet is arranged in the magnetic path of the walls, the armature, the pole piece and the working air gap.
  • This measure has the advantage that a pulse or holding magnet can be realized, in which the armature adheres to the wall of the magnet body in the rest position due to the action of the permanent magnet and, if applicable. by force supported by a spring - is released from liability by a short current pulse through the excitation winding. Because of the enlarged cross-sectional area of the armature, only a current pulse of a relatively small amplitude is required in order to overcome a relatively large adhesive force of the permanent magnet.
  • the mechanically and / or magnetically prestressed armature is provided with pole pieces at both ends.
  • This measure has the advantage that a bipolar proportional magnet can be realized, the deflection of which can be adjusted in two opposite directions by increasing or decreasing the excitation current.
  • the deflection of which can be adjusted in two opposite directions by increasing or decreasing the excitation current.
  • only relatively small currents are required in order to sensitively travel through a large proportional range of the deflection.
  • the pole piece carries a closure body which cooperates with a valve seat of the adjacent wall of the magnet body.
  • one end of the armature can carry a closure body which cooperates with a valve seat of the adjacent wall of the magnet body.
  • the actuating magnet acts directly as a valve member, so that valves with high switching force can be realized with relatively low currents, for example the valve can be relatively low excitation current work against a high pressure of a medium to be metered or switched. It is therefore particularly preferred to use such an embodiment for switching and control tasks in pneumatics and hydraulics.
  • a chamber is formed in the magnet body, adjacent to the adjacent wall, which is connected on the one hand via an opening of the valve seat and on the other hand through a further opening to the outside of the magnet body.
  • the armature can preferably be prestressed by means of a spring.
  • the spring can serve to realize actuating magnets or combined actuating magnets / valves with proportional characteristics, in which the force of the spring is successively achieved by the Effect of an increasing excitation current is overcome and the deflection of the armature can be adjusted continuously.
  • 10 is a magnetic body of, for example, a rotationally symmetrical shape, the illustration in FIG. 1a being a radial section through the magnetic body 10.
  • a coil body 14 encloses an excitation winding 15 from the inside and an, for example, cylindrical armature 17, which runs through an opening 16 in the rear wall 12. Guides and bearings for the movement of the armature 17 in the coil body 14 are optionally provided, but are not shown in detail in FIG. 1a because these elements are known per se.
  • the radial cross-sectional area of the pole piece 18 and 19 the radial cross-sectional area of the armature 17 are shown as examples. It can be seen that the area 19 is a multiple, for example eight times larger than the area 20.
  • the magnetic circuit closes via the walls 11, 13, 12, the armature 17, the pole piece 18 and the working air gap 21. Because of the very large radial cross-sectional area 19 of the pole piece 18, the armature is closed 17 a considerable actuating force is applied, which can be transmitted to an element to be actuated via transmission means, not shown in FIG. 1 and known per se, for example piston rods or the like.
  • a typical area of application of the actuating magnet shown in FIG. 1 is, for example, fluid technology (hydraulics, pneumatics), where such magnets are advantageous, for example for Actuation or control of valves, such as seat valves, slide valves, flap valves and the like, can be used. These areas of application also apply to the exemplary embodiments described further below.
  • the mechanism of increasing the actuating force described above in relation to FIG. 1 as a result of the increase in the radial cross-sectional area 19 of the pole piece 18 is only effective if no saturation occurs in the ferromagnetic sections of the magnetic circuit.
  • the excitation winding 15 is therefore supplied with a current in which the walls 11, 13, 12, the armature 17 and the pole piece 18 are to be understood as a modulation below the magnetic present invention, in which a certain initial saturation (which is known when the Exciter current does not suddenly occur) can still be allowed, but only to an extent in which the effect of the enlarged radial cross-sectional area 19 of the pole piece 18 still clearly outweighs a non-enlarged cross-sectional area 20.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further exemplary embodiment with a magnetic body 30 and an expediently widened side wall 31, into which a permanent magnet 32, for example of a toroidal shape, is inserted.
  • the magnetic circuit of the actuating magnet according to FIG. 2 is biased by the permanent magnet 32 and the pole piece 18 will adhere to the adjacent front wall 11 in the rest position - possibly against the force of a relatively weak spring, that is to say relative to the position shown in FIG. 2 in FIG Be deflected in the direction of arrow 33.
  • the excitation winding 15 is subjected to a current pulse that results in a field pulse in the magnetic circuit, the direction of which is opposite to the field of the permanent magnet 32, the working air gap 21 briefly results in the state that the effective field is zero and the armature 17 becomes consequently, in the direction of arrow 33, under the action of the spring, not shown in FIG. 2, suddenly released.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further exemplary embodiment, which shows an actuating magnet in the form of a bipolar proportional magnet. 1 and 2 in the configuration shown could preferably be used for switching tasks, the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3 can be used in particular for proportional control and regulating tasks in which a continuously changing excitation current leads to a proportionally changing deflection the armature 17 is to be formed.
  • a magnetic body 40 is provided which largely corresponds to the magnetic body 30 according to FIG. 2 with a toroidal permanent magnet 32 inserted.
  • both the front wall 41 and the rear wall 42 are each provided with an opening 43 or 44 through which a piston rod 45 or 46 runs.
  • the piston rods 45, 46 are fixedly connected to pole pieces 47, 48, which are formed at both ends of the armature 17.
  • Fig. 4 shows an actuating magnet with an integrated valve function.
  • the magnetic body 50 has an inflow opening 52 and an outflow opening 53 in a side wall 51.
  • a radial end wall of a bobbin 54 forms a first chamber 56 together with a front wall 55 and the side wall 51, a valve seat 57 being provided around an opening 58 in the front wall 55.
  • the valve seat 57 works together with a closure body 59, which is attached in a pole piece 60 of the armature 71 adjacent to the front wall 55.
  • the coil body 54 sits with its opposite radial end wall on an intermediate floor 65 of the magnetic body 50.
  • the intermediate floor 65 is in one piece with the magnetic body 50 and consequently likewise consists of ferromagnetic material.
  • the magnetic circuit is therefore already closed in this embodiment over the intermediate floor 65 to the armature 71, so that the end of the pole piece 60 facing away Armature 71 is no longer part of the magnetic circuit.
  • a rear wall 66 of the magnetic body 50 forms, together with the intermediate floor 65 and the side wall 51, a second chamber 67, a valve seat 68 in turn being arranged around an opening 69 in the rear wall 66.
  • the valve seat 68 in turn works together with a closure body 70 which is attached in the end 75 of the armature 71 facing away from the pole piece 60.
  • the end 75 is provided with an annular shoulder 72, a coil spring 73 being fitted between the annular shoulder 72 and the intermediate floor 65.
  • the coil spring 73 presses the closure body 70 on the valve seat 68, so that the passage through the opening 69 is blocked for a pressure medium.
  • any intermediate position can also be set so that the ratio of the throughput in the direction of arrows 61a / 61b to the throughput in the direction of arrows 74a / 74b can be set continuously.
EP19860102551 1985-02-15 1986-02-27 Actionneur électromagnétique Expired - Lifetime EP0235318B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853505169 DE3505169C2 (de) 1985-02-15 1985-02-15 Betätigungsmagnet

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0235318A1 true EP0235318A1 (fr) 1987-09-09
EP0235318B1 EP0235318B1 (fr) 1990-07-04

Family

ID=6262579

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19860102551 Expired - Lifetime EP0235318B1 (fr) 1985-02-15 1986-02-27 Actionneur électromagnétique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US4658231A (fr)
EP (1) EP0235318B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3505169C2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990004056A1 (fr) * 1988-10-07 1990-04-19 Walter Kleiner Dispositif de commande de machines textiles
DE4030514A1 (de) * 1990-09-27 1992-04-02 Hella Kg Hueck & Co Elektrischer hubankermagnet, insbesondere fuer kraftfahrzeuge

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4108601C2 (de) * 1991-03-18 1995-06-29 Harting Elektronik Gmbh Fang- und Haltemagnet
DE19711262C2 (de) * 1997-03-07 2003-02-06 Rexroth Mecman Gmbh Elektropneumatisches Ventil
US6994406B1 (en) * 1998-12-16 2006-02-07 Kelsey-Hayes Company EHB proportional solenoid valve with stepped gap armature
FR2792109B1 (fr) * 1999-04-12 2001-06-01 Schneider Electric Sa Electroaimant a circuit magnetique simplifie
DE19953788A1 (de) * 1999-11-09 2001-05-10 Bosch Gmbh Robert Elektromagnetischer Aktuator
GB0109975D0 (en) * 2001-04-24 2001-06-13 Camcon Ltd Electromagnetically operated valve
JP2003185050A (ja) * 2001-12-17 2003-07-03 Mikuni Adec Corp 電磁弁
US20060272714A1 (en) * 2005-06-03 2006-12-07 Conrado Carrillo Magnetic circuit design for linear actuator with small coil diameter
JP5067110B2 (ja) * 2007-10-17 2012-11-07 マックス株式会社 ガス燃焼式打込み工具
JP5096898B2 (ja) * 2007-12-12 2012-12-12 ティアック株式会社 メカニカルバルブ
US8736128B2 (en) 2011-08-10 2014-05-27 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Three dimensional magnetic field manipulation in electromagnetic devices
US8570128B1 (en) 2012-06-08 2013-10-29 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Magnetic field manipulation devices and actuators incorporating the same
US9231309B2 (en) 2012-07-27 2016-01-05 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Metamaterial magnetic field guide

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1439857A1 (de) * 1961-07-12 1969-04-03 Liebknecht Transformat Haltemagnet
DE1956721A1 (de) * 1969-11-12 1971-05-13 Hans Nix Elektromagnetische einstellbare Zug- und Druckfeder
DE2742987A1 (de) * 1977-09-22 1979-04-12 Elmeg Elektromagnetische antriebsvorrichtung, insbesondere fuer eine werkzeugmaschine
US4403765A (en) * 1979-11-23 1983-09-13 John F. Taplin Magnetic flux-shifting fluid valve

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US2992304A (en) * 1958-01-06 1961-07-11 Cook Electric Co Electromagnetic thrust motor
US3007493A (en) * 1958-10-06 1961-11-07 Detroit Coil Co Pilot valve assembly
FR1355714A (fr) * 1963-02-06 1964-03-20 Relais à fuites magnétiques pour écart de sécurité, entre l'appel et le décollage, suivant la tension
DE1464526A1 (de) * 1963-11-09 1969-04-24 Concordia Maschinen U Elek Zit Elektromagnetisch betaetigtes Ventil
CH405843A (de) * 1963-11-15 1966-01-15 Eldima Ag Elektromagnetischer Antriebsmagnet und Verwendung desselben als Bestandteil eines Elektroventils
HU172585B (hu) * 1969-05-12 1978-10-28 Medicor Muevek Ehlektro-pnevmaticheskij perekljuchatel'nyj klapan dlja malomohhnykh pnevmaticheskukh sistem
GB1323878A (en) * 1969-11-25 1973-07-18 Ultra Electronics Ltd Combination of a fuel valve and a rectilinear position arrangement
DE2158248C2 (de) * 1971-11-24 1982-11-04 Bürkert GmbH, 7118 Ingelfingen Mehrwegemagnetventil mit Handbetätigung
GB1443957A (en) * 1973-07-19 1976-07-28 Plessey Co Ltd Solenoid devices
DE2758072A1 (de) * 1977-12-24 1979-07-05 Teves Gmbh Alfred Magnetventil
US4272747A (en) * 1979-07-25 1981-06-09 Bauer Patrick G Solenoid housing
DE3132896A1 (de) * 1981-08-20 1983-03-03 Bosch Gmbh Robert Elektromagnetrischer antrieb, beispielsweise fuer ein ventil, eine foerderpumpe oder dergleichen
DE3312054A1 (de) * 1983-04-02 1984-10-11 Gebrüder Sulzer AG, Winterthur Den durchfluss eines druckmediums steuerndes umschaltventil
FR2569298B1 (fr) * 1984-08-20 1986-12-05 Telemecanique Electrique Electro-aimant polarise a fonctionnement bi- ou mono-stable

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1439857A1 (de) * 1961-07-12 1969-04-03 Liebknecht Transformat Haltemagnet
DE1956721A1 (de) * 1969-11-12 1971-05-13 Hans Nix Elektromagnetische einstellbare Zug- und Druckfeder
DE2742987A1 (de) * 1977-09-22 1979-04-12 Elmeg Elektromagnetische antriebsvorrichtung, insbesondere fuer eine werkzeugmaschine
US4403765A (en) * 1979-11-23 1983-09-13 John F. Taplin Magnetic flux-shifting fluid valve

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990004056A1 (fr) * 1988-10-07 1990-04-19 Walter Kleiner Dispositif de commande de machines textiles
DE4030514A1 (de) * 1990-09-27 1992-04-02 Hella Kg Hueck & Co Elektrischer hubankermagnet, insbesondere fuer kraftfahrzeuge

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4658231A (en) 1987-04-14
DE3505169C2 (de) 1995-04-06
DE3505169A1 (de) 1986-08-21
EP0235318B1 (fr) 1990-07-04

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