EP0235124A1 - Procede et agencement d'extrusion appropries pour la production de produits en plastique - Google Patents

Procede et agencement d'extrusion appropries pour la production de produits en plastique

Info

Publication number
EP0235124A1
EP0235124A1 EP85903653A EP85903653A EP0235124A1 EP 0235124 A1 EP0235124 A1 EP 0235124A1 EP 85903653 A EP85903653 A EP 85903653A EP 85903653 A EP85903653 A EP 85903653A EP 0235124 A1 EP0235124 A1 EP 0235124A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plastic
conveyor belt
extruder
squeeze roller
plasticized
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP85903653A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Erich Weichenrieder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RECYCLOPLAST AG
Original Assignee
RECYCLOPLAST AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RECYCLOPLAST AG filed Critical RECYCLOPLAST AG
Publication of EP0235124A1 publication Critical patent/EP0235124A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/60—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/465—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0268—Separation of metals
    • B29B2017/0272—Magnetic separation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/288—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/26—Scrap or recycled material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

  • Extrusion process suitable for the production of plastic products and arrangement for carrying out the process.
  • the invention relates to an extrusion process suitable for the production of plastic articles, in which the plasticized plastic is pressed through the outlet nozzle of an extruder, and to an arrangement for carrying out the process.
  • the plastic In the extrusion of plastics, the plastic is plasticized and called at high pressure through an extrusion die, here extrusion pressed, so that the plastic material leaves the extruder as a strand having a cross section corresponding to the extrusion die 'comparable.
  • the strand can be divided into pieces as a semi-finished or finished product, or can be processed in a plastic state immediately after extrusion as a blank in a blow molding process.
  • a high pressure is required for the extrusion, and it is also important for the quality of the product to be produced that the plastic is extruded in as uniform a condition as possible.
  • a consistently high pressure is generated in continuously operating screw extruders in which the plastic is plasticized and degassed, the plastic being added as granules with a lens size that is as constant as possible.
  • the granulate is produced from powdered plastic in a separate operation, which is usually done by the plastic supplier takes place because it is unprofitable for normal extrusion operation to produce the granulate itself.
  • the granulate is much more expensive than the powdered plastic material. Attempts have therefore already been made to process powdered plastic in an extruder instead of granules; However, it has been shown that this is only possible with increased mechanical outlay through the use of twin-screw extruders, although a drop in performance can still be accepted, so that the processing of powdered plastic in the extruder has not hitherto proven to be economically attractive .
  • the invention is based on the tasks of making the production of extruded plastic products more cost-effective, in particular the energy expenditure being to be reduced.
  • the aim here is to enable the processing of powdered plastic without loss of performance, which saves the granulation process and the costs for the plastic to be processed can be reduced.
  • the solution to the problem is that the plastic to be plasticized is plasticized in a heated squeeze roller press and transferred from the squeeze roller press in the heated, plasticized state to the extruder and subjected to the pressure required for the extrusion.
  • the squeeze roller is covered with a thin film of plasticized material. It has proven to be effective if the material to be introduced adheres or is melted onto this layer, specifically as a tightly closed, uniform layer. There is therefore an advantageous embodiment in that the plastic is sprinkled at least approximately continuously as a uniformly and coherently distributed material layer that can be melted onto the squeeze roller from the outlet of a metering device in free fall over the entire length of the squeeze roller.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment consists in that the plastic is applied at least approximately continuously as a thin, evenly distributed over its at least approximately the axial length of the nip roller 'width material layer on a horizontally and evenly guided conveyor belt and from the discharge end of the conveyor belt in free fall onto the nip roller thrown off.
  • this opens up the possibility of influencing the material flow by changing the belt speed
  • the device used for uniform material delivery can be removed from the area directly above the loading shaft of the nip roller press, where the rising hot vapors could cause the device to malfunction.
  • plastic materials are each formed at least approximately continuously in accordance with a predetermined, adjustable mixing ratio at successive positions in the conveying direction for formation superimposed, thin layers are applied to the conveyor belt.
  • the formation of a thin material layer on the conveyor belt offers a particularly good opportunity because the distance between the magnets and the metal particles that may have to be removed is kept very small and therefore the magnetic forces can be optimally effective and because the material particles to be overlaid can be expected Resistance is correspondingly low with a small layer thickness. It is therefore a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method that on the
  • Material located on the conveyor belt is freed of metal particles by a magnetically acting metal separator.
  • An object of the invention is an arrangement for
  • the solution is that in an arrangement with an extruder suitable for extruding plasticized plastic through an extrusion nozzle, between the plastic inlet of the extruder and the plastic outlet of a squeeze roller press suitable for plasticizing plastic material, a connection for transferring the plasticized plastic from the Squeeze roller press exists in the extruder.
  • a metering device which can meter powdery material at least approximately continuously and which after Possibility of changing the material composition to be processed can also be used for dosing granular material.
  • this is achieved in that, in the material flow cross section of each metering device, between a dispensing opening, two cell rollers are arranged between each of the dispensing opening, which are arranged in parallel and fill the material flow cross section and synchronously countercross the axes of the material flow cross section consecutive in the circumferential direction separated from each other by extending obliquely to Zellenwalzenach.se webs, which opens to the extent that flat, trough-shaped cells are provided, that the webs have both cells rollers in the manner of a helical gear together abicalzbare flanks and in that the center distance and ⁇ the angular position of Cell rollers are adjustable to each other in the circumferential direction.
  • the metal separator can be designed as a construction that crosses the belt and is optionally provided with a cleaning device.
  • a belt crossing the conveyor belt can also be provided, which is either itself magnetically designed or is guided on the side of a magnet facing the conveyor belt .
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic, partially sectioned side view of an arrangement according to the invention for plastic extrusion
  • FIG. 2 shows a section along the line II-II in FIG. 1
  • 3 shows a schematic section through a metering device
  • FIG. 4 shows a plan view of the metering device according to FIG. 3 and
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic section through a coupling device arranged in a cell roller of the metering device.
  • a screw extruder 29 is shown schematically in addition to a squeeze roller press designated by 10 in total. This is not to exclude the fact that the squeeze roller press and screw extruder can be combined to form one structural unit.
  • the squeeze roller press 10 known per se for processing plastic, in particular also plastic waste, consists of a housing 12 in which a roller chamber 14 with a horizontal axis is formed, in which the roller chamber 14 is at a radial distance from the wall 16 a cylindrical, heatable squeeze roller 18 is rotatably mounted.
  • a filling shaft 22 opens from above, via which the materials to be processed can be entered.
  • three squeeze segments 24a, 24b and 24c are arranged at the mouth of the filling chute 22, each narrowing the annular space 20 to a narrow gap, as a result of which the filled plastic material is subjected to severe crushing. Following the last squeeze segment 24c, the annular space opens through an outlet channel 26, in - 10 -
  • the plastic material with a constant mixture ratio is distributed over the entire axial length of the squeeze roller 18 as a relatively thin layer because the power increases when the layer thickness of the material decreases and because, on the other hand, there is a risk of a material jam at the inlet gap 38 of the annular space 20 if the layer thickness is too large. That fluctuations in the
  • the system is equipped with a mixing system designated as a whole with 29, in the example shown, to simplify the illustration, only the mixture of two starting materials is assumed and accordingly there are only two dosing devices 32 for these two materials. Become If several different materials are mixed, then a number of metering devices 32 corresponding to the number of materials is required, but the basic arrangement and " mode of operation do not change compared to the example shown.
  • the starting materials are each introduced into the feed chute 22 of the associated metering device 32.
  • the metering devices 32 are successively arranged vertically in the conveying direction above a horizontal and level conveyor belt 34, the discharge end 35 of which is located above the filling shaft 22 of the squeeze roller press 10.
  • the width of the material discharge openings 36 of the metering devices 32, the width of the conveyor belt 34 and the width of the filling shaft 22 are dimensioned such that the material emerging from the discharge opening 36 and deposited on the conveyor belt 34 as a thin layer over the entire length axial length of the squeeze roller 18 is sprinkled thereon, where the material is gripped and pulled along by a film of plasticized, sticky plastic covering the squeeze roller 18.
  • Each of the metering devices 32 produces a thin layer of material on the conveyor belt 34, the layer thickness of which is dependent on the one hand - as will be explained in more detail later - on the working speed of the metering device 32 and on the other hand on the running speed of the conveyor belt 34.
  • a plurality of layers of material are placed on top of one another, the thickness of which can be kept different by appropriate adjustment of the metering device and set to a predetermined mixing ratio, while the absolute layer thickness can be maintained by changing the speed of the while maintaining the mixing ratio Volume 34 can be adjusted.
  • the conveyor belt 34 is arranged in a frame 41 which can be adjusted in the conveying direction along a guide 38.
  • an adjusting spindle 44 is mounted, which is provided with a handwheel 46 and is guided by a nut 48 attached to the frame 41, so that by rotating the handwheel 46 the position of the frame 41 and thus the discharge end 35 of the conveyor belt 34 is adjustable.
  • the conveyor belt 34 is arranged horizontally - and in addition its upper run 50 intended for receiving material is supported by a support plate 52 which the upper run 50 also holds flat transversely to the running direction, so that the danger is prevented, that the material is compressed due to an otherwise possible transverse curvature of the upper run 50 against the center of the band or against the band edges.
  • lateral shielding strips 54a and 54b which bridge the gap between the lower end of the metering devices 32 and the conveyor belt 34 and on the inside of the belt from near the side edges of the conveyor belt, prevent it 34 arranged lateral ribs 56a and 56b overlap these ribs so that material emerging from the metering devices 32 reaches the belt 34.
  • a specially designed metering device 32 is provided so that powdered plastic can be fed continuously and in the required amount and, if necessary, also in the desired mixing ratio with other plastic materials, the squeeze roller press 10, which is suitable both for the metering of powdered and also suitable for granular material.
  • an essentially rectangular housing 86 delimits the material flow cross section, which is interrupted for the dosing process by two cell rollers 58a and 58b which can be driven synchronously in opposite directions and are arranged in parallel.
  • the roller 58a shown on the left is mounted in a stationary but rotatable manner in the housing 86, while the right roller 58b is rotatably mounted in bearings 59 which are adjustable in the horizontal guides 61 in the housing 86.
  • threaded spindles 63 are connected, which are guided by nuts 65 arranged on the housing 86 and are provided at the free end, for example with a square 67 for attaching a crank.
  • the cell rollers 58a and 53b are provided on their circumference with a number of relatively flat, rounded cells 60 separated from webs 62, the webs 62 and thus the cells 60 running obliquely to the axis of the cell rollers 58a and 58b provided with them, webs 62 and cells 60 of the two cell rollers 53a and 58b are assigned to one another in the manner of a helical toothing for mutual engagement.
  • the flanks of the webs 62 are shaped in such a way that they can roll against each other when the center distance is set appropriately and the angular position of the two cell rollers 58a and 58b is set accordingly.
  • the cells roller 58b by: a Konus ⁇ clutch 69 is connected with its axis 71 '.
  • the axis 71 is hollow and contains an adjusting spindle .73, which has a square 75 at its outwardly projecting end is provided for attaching a crank.
  • the axis 71 is provided with a slot 77, through which a gripper .79 protrudes outwards, which is provided within the axis 71 with a threaded bore through which the adjusting spindle 73 passes.
  • the gripper 79 interacts with a clamping cone 81 which is axially adjustable with respect to the axis 71 and which, as part of the cone coupling 69, interacts with a cone 83 connected to the cell roller 53b.
  • the conical coupling 69 is relieved, which can be supported by a spring (not shown) and the cell roller 58b can be moved relative to the axis 71 be rotated.
  • the adjusting spindle 73 is then rotated in the opposite direction and the gripper 79 firmly clamps the two parts 81 and 83 of the cone coupling together, so that the cell roller 58b is connected to the axis 71 in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • a coupling can be provided at both ends of the cell roller 58b, for which purpose the adjusting spindle must pull the axis 71 through to a corresponding length.
  • a chain drive for the synchronous, counter-rotating drive of both cell rollers 58a and 58b is located in a gearbox 101 arranged on one end face of the housing 86.
  • a sprocket 103 or 104 is assigned to each of the rollers and the drive chain 102 crosses those through the axes of both cell rollers - 16 -
  • the chain 102 is guided over two deflection wheels 105 and 106, of which the deflection wheel 105 can be adjusted vertically, 5 which is indicated schematically by a guide 107 and an adjusting spindle 109 provided with a square 108 (FIG. 2). Changes in the center distance of the cell rollers 58a and 58b can thus be compensated for, while on the other hand a reversal of the running direction of the cell rollers 58a and 58b is possible if, for example, cleaning is desirable.
  • the cell rollers 58a and 58b are driven, for example, via the shaft stub 94
  • the angular position of the cell roller 58b is selected such that in the engagement zone
  • Web of one roller maintains a corresponding distance from the bottom of the cell 60 of the other roller. If particles exceeding the maximum dimension reach the engagement area, they are squeezed to the maximum dimension by the pressure of the rollers 53a and 58b.
  • the device can optionally be adjusted to other particle sizes by changing the angular position and the center distance.
  • the two cell rollers are set so that the flanks of the webs 62 roll against each other in the engagement area, so that powdery material is prevented from trickling freely through gaps in the teeth.
  • the deflecting roller 37 could also be equipped with magnets in the region of this discharge end in order to hold the metal particles on the conveyor belt 34 beyond the discharge region, with a deflecting roller 37 still resting against the conveyor belt 34 in the direction of travel of the belt could connect to a stripper extending magnet so that the
  • Stripper can be arranged further away from the discharge end 35. But you could also form the tape 34 itself magnetically, e.g. by embedded permanent magnets in order to hold the metal particles beyond the discharge end 35 up to a stripper on the conveyor belt 34.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

De la matière plastique est plastifiée dans une presse à rouleaux exprimeurs (10) et transmise à l'état ainsi chauffé et plastifié à une extrudeuse (29) où elle est soumise à la pression d'extrusion requise et extrudée par la filière d'extrusion de l'extrudeuse.
EP85903653A 1985-07-17 1985-07-17 Procede et agencement d'extrusion appropries pour la production de produits en plastique Withdrawn EP0235124A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/DE1985/000244 WO1987000480A1 (fr) 1985-07-17 1985-07-17 Procede et agencement d'extrusion appropries pour la production de produits en plastique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0235124A1 true EP0235124A1 (fr) 1987-09-09

Family

ID=6776118

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85903653A Withdrawn EP0235124A1 (fr) 1985-07-17 1985-07-17 Procede et agencement d'extrusion appropries pour la production de produits en plastique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0235124A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1987000480A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ATE284779T1 (de) 1999-09-03 2005-01-15 Datron Electronic Gmbh Verfahren zum dosierten ausbringen eines stranges eines viskosen mediums und förderpumpe zur durchführung dieses verfahrens

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE536247A (fr) *
US3344218A (en) * 1967-09-26 Retreatment of synthetic fibres
US3360821A (en) * 1964-05-08 1968-01-02 Kpt Mfg Co Elastic melt extruder with peripheral feed
DE1802694A1 (de) * 1968-10-11 1970-05-27 Anger Kunststoff Maschine zum Plastifizieren und Formen von thermoplastischem Kunststoff
FR2040590A5 (en) * 1969-04-04 1971-01-22 Saint Gobain Gelling and extrusion of thermoplastics - material
US4214984A (en) * 1977-07-15 1980-07-29 Macelvain Robert C Magnetic separation
US4501543A (en) * 1983-01-13 1985-02-26 Cosden Technology, Inc. Rotary extruder

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8700480A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1987000480A1 (fr) 1987-01-29

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