EP0233926B1 - Module a touches pour claviers a feuilles minces de contact - Google Patents

Module a touches pour claviers a feuilles minces de contact Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0233926B1
EP0233926B1 EP86905253A EP86905253A EP0233926B1 EP 0233926 B1 EP0233926 B1 EP 0233926B1 EP 86905253 A EP86905253 A EP 86905253A EP 86905253 A EP86905253 A EP 86905253A EP 0233926 B1 EP0233926 B1 EP 0233926B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
key
flat spring
plunger
key module
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86905253A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0233926A1 (fr
Inventor
Günter MURMANN
Walter Hans Mertel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CHERRY-MIKROSCHALTER GmbH
Original Assignee
CHERRY-MIKROSCHALTER GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CHERRY-MIKROSCHALTER GmbH filed Critical CHERRY-MIKROSCHALTER GmbH
Priority to AT86905253T priority Critical patent/ATE43934T1/de
Publication of EP0233926A1 publication Critical patent/EP0233926A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0233926B1 publication Critical patent/EP0233926B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H13/00—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch
    • H01H13/70—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard
    • H01H13/702—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches
    • H01H13/705—Switches having rectilinearly-movable operating part or parts adapted for pushing or pulling in one direction only, e.g. push-button switch having a plurality of operating members associated with different sets of contacts, e.g. keyboard with contacts carried by or formed from layers in a multilayer structure, e.g. membrane switches characterised by construction, mounting or arrangement of operating parts, e.g. push-buttons or keys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2221/00—Actuators
    • H01H2221/072—Stroke amplification
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2227/00—Dimensions; Characteristics
    • H01H2227/032—Operating force
    • H01H2227/034—Regulation of operating force
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2233/00—Key modules
    • H01H2233/01—Key modules mounted on laykey
    • H01H2233/012—Locating pins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2233/00—Key modules
    • H01H2233/05—Actuator part on body
    • H01H2233/054—Snap coupling
    • H01H2233/056—Snap coupling with limited freedom
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2235/00—Springs
    • H01H2235/022—Actuating striker
    • H01H2235/024—Actuating striker formed by knee or dimple of leaf spring

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a key module for membrane keyboards with a leaf spring clamped in the key housing on one side according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for setting the switching point.
  • a key module for membrane keyboards in which a right-angled leaf spring extends on one side on the underside of the key housing, the bent end of which is inserted in a recess in the key housing from below.
  • a button plunger can be moved, which acts on the free end of the leaf spring and bends it downwards, whereby an upper switching film of a film switch panel is bent by a space in a spacer film against a lower switching film and the contact points on the switching film come into contact.
  • the key tappet is guided in a cylindrical housing attachment which, based on the center point of the mounting surface of the key module, lies opposite the recess which recesses the clamped end of the leaf spring.
  • a key cap can be attached to the plunger from above. Since the leaf spring does not have sufficient rigidity to ensure the desired characteristic curve with a given actuation force, a helical compression spring is additionally arranged between the key cap and the key body in the practical embodiment, the spring running around the shoulder receiving the key tappet. In this arrangement, it is considered disadvantageous that the key module can only function in the fully assembled state with the key cap and thus no verification of the course of the characteristic curve and the position of the switching point is possible during manufacture.
  • a key module is known from EP-A-1 87 396, which does not need this additional spring which determines the desired actuating force, but this key module requires a space requirement that extends over two module grids.
  • the individual key modules can be actuated with an almost exactly the same initial force, but also that the switching point, i. H. the switching time is set as precisely and defined as possible.
  • the switching point i. H. the switching time is set as precisely and defined as possible.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a key module for a membrane keyboard in which the switching point can be set as precisely as possible, both with regard to the switching time and the actuating force required at the switching time.
  • the measures of the invention are advantageously suitable for creating a key module with which membrane keyboards can be created, to which the highest demands are placed on the same initial actuation force of all built-in key modules and a precisely set switching time as well as constant actuation force at the switching time. Due to the self-locking clamping of the clamped end of the leaf spring, which protrudes upwards from the recess and is exposed downwards with a section adjoining the clamped end through the membrane switch panel, the leaf spring can be precisely adjusted with regard to the switching point by means of the finest adjustment strokes with a plunger hammer.
  • the actuating force is very uniform across the individual key modules, since the helical compression springs used are very high constancy with regard to the spring constant can be produced.
  • the key tappet is provided with resilient hooks which engage under locking stops in the key housing and limit the stroke of the key tappet upwards, the initial actuation force can thus be determined Specify very precisely the possibility that the key tappet and the key housing can be manufactured with the highest dimensional accuracy and the smallest tolerances.
  • the exploded view of the key module shown in FIG. 1 consists of a key housing 11, a key tappet 12, a leaf spring 14 and a helical compression spring 15.
  • the key housing 11 and the key tappet 12 are injection molded with very high dimensional accuracy.
  • the button housing 11 consists of a base plate 20, which is essentially flat on the underside, from which a hollow cylindrical extension 21 with a substantially square cross section extends upwards in a central position.
  • a web 22 is provided in the interior of the hollow cylindrical extension 21, starting approximately from the plane of the base plate 20 and running in the direction of a diagonal of the base plate, the central region of which, as can be seen in FIG.
  • the leaf spring 14 runs on the underside of the base plate along a diagonal that runs perpendicular to the web 22 and along the section line V-V according to FIG. 2.
  • a leaf spring fastening 28 is provided in a corner region penetrated by the above-mentioned section line, which is designed in the form of an upwardly projecting projection and has a recess 29 into which, according to FIGS. 4 to 7, the upwardly angled end 30 of the Leaf spring 14 can be used from below. This recess is explained in more detail below.
  • the leaf spring 14 is formed in one piece and has a section 31 which lies in the central region and which connects with its one side to the end 30 which extends at a right angle and with its other side to a spring arm 32 which, with respect to the plane of the section 31, is angled is oriented upwards.
  • a tappet contact surface 33 is formed at the free end of the spring arm 32.
  • the spring arm 32 runs under the web 22, the folded edge 34 coming to lie over the contact area.
  • the key plunger 12 which can be inserted into the hollow cylindrical extension 21 from above has an essentially box-shaped structure which is open at the bottom and from the top surface 40 of which a fastening projection 41 for a key cap (not shown) extends upwards.
  • Guide ribs 42 are formed along the corner areas, which fit into the guide grooves 26 in the key housing 11.
  • a sleeve-shaped projection 43 is provided under the fastening projection 41 on the inside of the key tappet, and the helical compression spring 15 can be inserted into its inner bore, as can be seen in FIG. 3.
  • the guide rib 42 'coming over the tappet contact surface 33 and guided in the guide groove 26' is convex on the underside so that the actuation force for bending the leaf spring is introduced with the least possible friction on the tappet contact surface 33 due to the inevitable transverse displacement.
  • Notches 44 are provided in two wall surfaces of the key tappet 12 opposite the locking projections 27 in the key housing 11 in order to obtain spring tongues 45 which protrude with a hook 46 over the lateral surface of the box-shaped key tappet.
  • these hooks 46 engage under the locking projections 27 on the key housing and limit the stroke of the key tappet upwards, so that a defined distance results between the plug pin 23 on the web 22 and the sleeve-shaped extension 43 due to narrow dimensional tolerances, one very precisely defined initial actuation force for the key module is ensured on account of the helical compression spring 15 which is also manufactured with very narrow tolerances.
  • Appropriate recesses 48 over the resilient hook 46, both in the key housing and in the key tappet, can the resilient hooks 46 are pressed together with a simple tool if the key tappet is to be removed from the key housing upwards.
  • the helical compression spring 15 arranged in the interior of the key module has the advantage that, after the key tappet 12 and the leaf spring 14 have been installed, the leaf spring can be adjusted and preselected without the key cap being used for this purpose. as in the aforementioned prior art, must be put on, which usually takes place only at the end of the assembly of the keyboard. It cannot be prevented that so-called “outliers” are occasionally installed in a keyboard and have to be replaced again after a disproportionate amount of time if high demands are placed on the keyboard.
  • FIG. 4 to 6 show the assembly of the right-angled end 30 of the leaf spring 14 in the leaf spring fastening 28.
  • the side edges of the end 30, which is bent upward at right angles, are provided with teeth 36 which, after being inserted into the recess 29, engage in the side walls of the recess.
  • the top view according to FIG. 2 shows that the free end 30 is clamped in the recess 29 in a slightly curved manner, in that the lateral grooves 37 receiving the side edges of the leaf spring run in a plane which lies behind the front edge of a rib 38 which is substantially above the entire length of the recess 29 runs in the plane of the diagonal of the key housing from top to bottom.
  • This rib 38 is only in the lower region, where the end 30 merges into the section 31, not on the leaf spring.
  • the distance of the rib 38 from the opposite wall of the recess 29 is preferably greater than the thickness of the leaf spring, so that for inserting the leaf spring it can be bent more with the help of a tool, so that the lateral edges or teeth 36 without significant Allow system to move along side grooves 37 when inserting.
  • FIG. 5 and 6 also show that a recess 40 is provided in the bottom surface of the base plate 20 which is deeper than the thickness of the portion 31 of the leaf spring 14. This recess 40 creates sufficient space for adjusting the leaf spring.
  • the leaf spring of the fully assembled key module is adjusted either after the module has been installed on the membrane switch panel 50 or after the key module has been placed on a corresponding adjustment gauge, which can be provided, for example, in the case of automatic installation within the automatic assembly machine.
  • Both the film switch panel 50 and the adjustment gauge are provided below the section 31 of the leaf spring 14 with an opening 52 through which a plunger hammer 62 can grip.
  • a corresponding plunger hammer 63 is arranged above the free end 30 protruding from the leaf spring fastening 28. The two plunger hammers can press the leaf spring either suddenly or continuously and move it up or down in the recess to adjust the switching time.
  • This adjustment can take place automatically by the plunger hammers 62 and 63 being acted upon by a control circuit which, depending on the measurement of the switching time carried out during the adjustment, initiates more or fewer adjustment strokes from above or below when the key module is actuated.
  • circuits known per se can be used, with which the switching time and its deviation from the desired value are determined and the tappet hammers are controlled accordingly.
  • the adjustment of the leaf spring can also be done with the aid of the upper plunger hammer 63 alone, for example by inserting the leaf spring into the recess 29 so that it assumes the highest possible position. With the aid of the plunger hammer, the leaf spring is then slowly moved downwards into the position in which the desired value of the switching point is reached by several carefully metered blows. In this position, the leaf spring is held securely by the teeth 36, since the teeth engage in the lateral wall of the grooves 37 under the pretension of the curved leaf spring.
  • FIG. 5 and 6 show a button module mounted on a membrane switch panel, FIG. 5 showing the leaf spring in the rest position and FIG. 6 the leaf spring in the contact position.
  • the film switch panel consists of an upper switching film 52, a lower switching film 53 and a spacer 54 arranged in between.
  • the spacer 54 is provided with cutouts in the contact area, so that the upper switching film 52 can be bent downward through the cutout in the spacer 54 until it comes into contact with the lower switching film 53.
  • the upper switching film 52 is bent by the action of the folded edge 34, as can be seen in FIG. 6.
  • the assembly of the leaf spring along a diagonal of the key module results in a relatively long spring arm, so that reliable contact is already ensured with a relatively low actuating force. Due to the relatively long spring arm, a flat characteristic curve can be achieved for the actuating force, which means that the switching time is passed through in a flat rise and can be adjusted very precisely with the aid of the adjusting device.
  • the desired operating forces for membrane keypads between see about 50 to 60 grams can be developed with the key module according to the invention with a sufficiently large key stroke for secure typing, with a caster with a slight, jump-free increase in force after contact by the final deformation of the helical compression spring 15 and the leaf spring 14 no problems.
  • the bending of the upper switching film 52 is also represented in the functional sequence of the contact making, as is the actuation of an additional spring connected in series, there is a series connection of three spring constants for the key actuation, which inevitably leads to a larger spreading range with regard to the switching instant. For this reason, it may be desirable to subject the key modules that have already been selected for installation in the keyboard to a final adjustment after installation in order to eliminate the influence of the switching film on the scatter and to set a uniform switching time for all keyboard modules within the range of narrow tolerances.
  • the opening 52 already mentioned is provided in the membrane switch panel adjacent to the contact area, so that after the keyboard has been installed, each individual key module can be finely adjusted in the manner described above with the plunger hammers 62 and 63.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of a self-locking bracing of the leaf spring 14 'in the leaf spring fastening 28.
  • This leaf spring attachment is constructed in the same manner as in the embodiment described above, but the right-angled end 30 'of the leaf spring is provided with a punched-out tab 39 which is bent out in the plane of the diagonal from the end 30' of the leaf spring and is sharp Edge abuts against the wall of the recess 29 opposite the rib 38.
  • This tab 39 jams in the recess, in particular when it is pressurized from above under the action of the plunger hammer 63 shown in FIG.
  • the bent-out tab 39 can be provided in addition to the side teeth 36 or as the sole measure for self-locking clawing of the leaf spring in the recess 29.
  • two tabs pushed out from the right-angled end in opposite directions can also be used, which cling to each other in the wall of the recess and additionally deform when adjusted under pressure and thus with increased force tense.

Landscapes

  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Arrangement And Mounting Of Devices That Control Transmission Of Motive Force (AREA)
  • Inert Electrodes (AREA)
  • Spinning Or Twisting Of Yarns (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)

Claims (9)

1. Module de touche pour claviers à feuilles de contact avec un boîtier de touche (11), un ressort à lame (14 ; 14') encastré unilatéralement dans le boîtier de touche (11), dont l'extrémité encastrée (30, 30') est recourbée à angle droit et est insérée dans un évidement (29) pratiqué le long du boîtier de touche (11) et sur l'extrémité libre (33) duquel agit vers le bas un poussoir de touche (12) guidé dans le boîtier de touche (11) pour courber le ressort à lame, le ressort à lame venant reposer sur une feuille de contact (52) supérieure d'un panneau de contact à feuilles (50) et déplace celle-ci à travers l'espace libre formé par une feuille d'espacement (54), de sorte que des points de contact opposés sont fermés lorsque le poussoir de touche (12) est actionné, caractérisé en ce que
- l'évidement (29) le long du boîtier de touche (11) est ouvert vers le haut, - l'extrémité (30, 30') encastrée unilatéralement du ressort à lame (14; 14') est prolongée vers le haut au-dessus de la zone de fixation et dépasse de l'évidement (29),
- l'extrémité (30 ; 30') du ressort à lame (14, 14') fixée par autoblocage dans l'évidement (29) est réglable dans différentes positions de maintien,
- une traverse (22) s'étend diagonalement dans le boîtier de touche (11) au-dessus du ressort à lame (14 ; 14'),
- le poussoir de touche (12) est muni sur son côté inférieur d'une saillie (43) en forme de gaine pour une extrémité d'un ressort de pression à boudin (15), qui repose par l'autre extrémité sur la traverse (22),
- et des crochets (46) élastiques sont disposés sur le poussoir de touche (12), lesquels lors de l'insertion du poussoir de touche (12) dans le boîtier de touche (11) s'accrochent de façon amovible sous des saillies d'arrêt (27), qui limitent vers le haut la course du poussoir de touche (12) et qui fixent ainsi la valeur initiale de la pression de touche.
2. Module de touche selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité encastrée (30 ; 30') du ressort à lame (14; 14') est munie le long de l'arête latérale de dents (36) formées sur celle-ci, qui s'accrochent dans la paroi de l'évidement (29) du fait de la force d'encastrement.
3. Module de touche selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'une ou plusieurs languettes sont formées au niveau de l'extrémité encastrée (30') du ressort à lame (14') lesquelles languettes se déforment contre la paroi de l'évidement (29).
4. Module de touche selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'évidement (40) pratiqué dans la surface de fond pour la réception de la section (31) du ressort à lame (14 ; 14') voisine de l'extrémité encastrée est plus profond que l'épaisseur du ressort à lame.
5. Module de touche selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que dans le panneau de contact à feuilles (50) sous l'évidement (40) est prévue une ouverture (52) traversante dans laquelle repose librement la section (31) du ressort à lame (14 ; 14') voisine de l'extrémité encastrée.
6. Module de touche selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le ressort à lame (14 ; 14') est disposé le long d'une diagonale du boîtier de touche (11) perpendiculairement à la traverse (22).
7. Module de touche selon les revendications 1 et 6, caractérisé en ce que le poussoir de touche (12) est sous forme d'un corps creux à peu près cubique ouvert vers le bas qui est muni au niveau de ses arêtes longitudinales s'étendant verticalement vers le bas, de nervures de guidage (42) s'emboîtant dans des rainures de guidage (26) correspondantes pratiquées dans le boîtier de touche et comporte des languettes à ressort intégrées dans deux surfaces d'enveloppe opposées, lesquelles portent des crochets (46) à l'extrémité inférieure.
8. Module de touche selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que l'extrémité inférieure de l'une des nervures de guidage (42') est élargie de façon bombée et est sous forme de bouton d'actionnement (49) pour le ressort à lame (14; 14').
9. Procédé pour régler le point de contact d'un ressort à lame pour un module de touche selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que
- le ressort à lame est inséré par le bas dans l'évidement (29) du module de touche, si bien que l'extrémité insérée (30), du ressort à lame dépasse de l'évidement vers le haut au-dessus de la zone de fixation,
- l'extrémité dépassant vers le haut de la zone de fixation ou la section du ressort à lame située au-dessus de l'ouverture traversante est sollicitée de façon intermittente ou continuellement par un marteau poussoir (62, 63) après la fixation d'un ou de plusieurs modules de touche sur le panneau de contact à feuilles muni d'ouvertures sous les ressorts à lame ou sur une forme de réglage correspondante,
- et simultanément, le point de contact est mesuré par actionnement du module de touche et l'actionnement du marteau poussoir est commandé en fonction des écarts par rapport au point de contact souhaité.
EP86905253A 1985-08-22 1986-07-31 Module a touches pour claviers a feuilles minces de contact Expired EP0233926B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86905253T ATE43934T1 (de) 1985-08-22 1986-07-31 Tastenmodul fuer folientastaturen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19853530050 DE3530050A1 (de) 1985-08-22 1985-08-22 Tastenmodul fuer folientastaturen
DE3530050 1985-08-22

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0233926A1 EP0233926A1 (fr) 1987-09-02
EP0233926B1 true EP0233926B1 (fr) 1989-06-07

Family

ID=6279120

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86905253A Expired EP0233926B1 (fr) 1985-08-22 1986-07-31 Module a touches pour claviers a feuilles minces de contact

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4800245A (fr)
EP (1) EP0233926B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS63500834A (fr)
AT (1) ATE43934T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3530050A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK194887D0 (fr)
FI (1) FI871748A (fr)
NO (1) NO871357D0 (fr)
WO (1) WO1987001236A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH01150337U (fr) * 1988-04-11 1989-10-18
WO1990015426A1 (fr) * 1989-06-05 1990-12-13 Cherry Mikroschalter Gmbh Touche a ressorts amortisseurs
DE3928650A1 (de) * 1989-08-30 1991-03-28 Stocko Metallwarenfab Henkels Elektrischer druckschalter
US5241146A (en) * 1989-12-28 1993-08-31 Priesemuth W Contact-type switch
NL9301918A (nl) * 1993-11-05 1995-06-01 Chicony Electronics Co Constructie van een toetsschakelaar.
JPH0831266A (ja) * 1994-07-14 1996-02-02 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 薄形プッシュスイッチ
TW476428U (en) * 1999-06-25 2002-02-11 Darfon Electronics Corp Pointer stick structure with key-in function
US6903283B2 (en) * 2003-10-17 2005-06-07 Honeywell International Inc. Plunger retention apparatus and method for switch enclosures
DE102013110064B4 (de) 2013-09-12 2018-07-05 Gmk Electronic Design Gmbh Aufsteckelement für ein Tastenmodul

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB879813A (en) * 1959-04-03 1961-10-11 Ass Elect Ind Improvements in and relating to electric switches
US3069516A (en) * 1959-04-03 1962-12-18 Ass Elect Ind Electric switches
US4328406A (en) * 1979-08-02 1982-05-04 Texas Instruments Incorporated Condition responsive electrical switch and method of making
US4467150A (en) * 1982-02-24 1984-08-21 Digital Equipment Corporation Electronic keyboard
US4553009A (en) * 1982-09-03 1985-11-12 Oak Industries Inc. Keyboard switch with pivotal actuator lever
GB2141874B (en) * 1983-03-31 1987-04-01 Cherry Electrical Prod Keyboard with membrane switch array
US4536736A (en) * 1984-05-08 1985-08-20 Eaton Corporation Thermostat

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS63500834A (ja) 1988-03-24
NO871357L (no) 1987-04-01
DK194887A (da) 1987-04-15
FI871748A0 (fi) 1987-04-22
DK194887D0 (da) 1987-04-15
WO1987001236A1 (fr) 1987-02-26
DE3663869D1 (en) 1989-07-13
NO871357D0 (no) 1987-04-01
EP0233926A1 (fr) 1987-09-02
US4800245A (en) 1989-01-24
FI871748A (fi) 1987-04-22
ATE43934T1 (de) 1989-06-15
DE3530050A1 (de) 1987-02-26

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