EP0229351A1 - Flat ceramic element - Google Patents
Flat ceramic element Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0229351A1 EP0229351A1 EP86117576A EP86117576A EP0229351A1 EP 0229351 A1 EP0229351 A1 EP 0229351A1 EP 86117576 A EP86117576 A EP 86117576A EP 86117576 A EP86117576 A EP 86117576A EP 0229351 A1 EP0229351 A1 EP 0229351A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flat
- ceramic body
- ceramic
- glaze
- electrically conductive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
- H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
- H05B3/283—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an inorganic material, e.g. ceramic
Definitions
- a flat ceramic body is known from EP-A-0 157 179, which is provided with an electrically conductive resistance coating on the side facing away from its visible side.
- Such flat ceramic bodies are used, for example, as cladding panels for the design of the walls or the floor or the ceiling of living, business and office spaces, but also of sanitary rooms, sports and swimming pools. They can also be used as shaped stones for swimming pool cladding or the like. Because they can be heated, it is possible to optimally design the radiation surface available on a wall, ceiling or floor surface to be clad with it, to make do with as few electrical connection and connecting elements as possible and to ensure uniform heat radiation.
- connection of the electrically conductive resistance coating to the power source is carried out via attached to the edge of the flat body band-like contacting elements which, for. B. in the form of a strip-shaped Cu application or a baked Ag paste.
- the invention seeks to remedy this and proposes that the electrically conductive resistance coating consist of an element embedded in a customary glaze, with flat, perforations and connectable to a power source, made of a metallic material with a high specific electrical resistance, the melting point of which is above Melting point of the ceramic glaze and its coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately equal to that of the ceramic glaze.
- the ceramic glaze is chosen so that its coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately equal to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the flat ceramic body.
- the material selected for the flat element has a temperature factor of the electrical resistance between 20 and 600 ° C. of greater than 2.
- the flat element with openings can be in the form of a meander, a film with holes, or a network with a corresponding mesh size.
- the drawing shows in a single figure a section of a flat ceramic body, in which a glaze with an embedded flat element is provided on the side facing away from the visible side.
- 3a, 3b represent three possibilities of flat elements to be embedded in the glaze, via which the electrical resistance heating takes place.
Abstract
Description
Aus der EP-A- 0 157 179 ist ein flächiger keramischer Körper bekannt geworden, der auf der seiner Sichtseite abgewendeten Seite mit einer elektrisch leitenden Widerstandsbeschichtung versehen ist. Solche flächigen keramischen Körper finden beispielsweise als Verkleidungsplatten für die Gestaltung der Wände oder des Fußbodens bzw. der Decke von Wohn-, Geschäfts- und Büroräumen, aber auch von Sanitärräumen, Sport- und Schwimmhallen Verwendung. Sie können auch als Formsteine für Schwimmbeckenverkleidungen od. dgl. eingesetzt werden. Durch ihre Beheizbarkeit ist es möglich, die auf einer damit zu verkleidenden Wand-, Decken- oder Bodenfläche zur Verfügung stehende Strahlungsfläche optimal zu gestalten, mit möglichst wenigen elektrischen Anschluß-und Verbindungselementen auszukommen und eine gleichmäßige Wärmeabstrahlung zu gewährleisten.A flat ceramic body is known from EP-A-0 157 179, which is provided with an electrically conductive resistance coating on the side facing away from its visible side. Such flat ceramic bodies are used, for example, as cladding panels for the design of the walls or the floor or the ceiling of living, business and office spaces, but also of sanitary rooms, sports and swimming pools. They can also be used as shaped stones for swimming pool cladding or the like. Because they can be heated, it is possible to optimally design the radiation surface available on a wall, ceiling or floor surface to be clad with it, to make do with as few electrical connection and connecting elements as possible and to ensure uniform heat radiation.
Der Anschluß der elektrisch leitenden Widerstandsbeschichtung an die Stromquelle erfolgt über am Rande des flächigen Körpers angebrachte bänderartige Kontaktierungselemente, die z. B. in Form eines streifenförmigen Cu-Auftrages oder einer eingebrannten Ag-Paste vorliegen.The connection of the electrically conductive resistance coating to the power source is carried out via attached to the edge of the flat body band-like contacting elements which, for. B. in the form of a strip-shaped Cu application or a baked Ag paste.
Es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, daß bei Verwendung von Cu-Kontaktierungselementen eine Verbindung derselben mit der Glasur mitunter überhaupt nicht, jedenfalls aber nur sehr schwierig herstellbar ist und verhältnismäßig bald wenigstens teilweise wieder verloren geht. Untersuchungen haben ergeben, daß diese Schwierigkeiten auf den erheblich unterschiedlichen Wärmeaus- ! dehnungskoeffizienten des für die Kontaktierungselemente verwendeten Kupfers und der den flächigen Körper abdeckenden Widerstandsglasur zurückzuführen sind.It has been shown, however, that when using Cu contacting elements it is sometimes not possible at all to connect them to the glaze, but in any case it is very difficult to produce and ratio will soon be at least partially lost again. Studies have shown that these difficulties are due to the significantly different expansion coefficients of the copper used for the contacting elements and the resistance glaze covering the flat body can be attributed.
Auch bei eingebrannten Streifen aus einer Silberpaste ist die Haftung zwischen dem Silber und der Glasur häufig unzureichend. Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen und schlägt vor, daß die elektrisch leitende Widerstandsbeschichtung aus einem in eine übliche Glasur eingebetteten, flächigen, Durchbrüche aufweisenden, an eine Stromquelle anschließbaren Element aus einem metallischen, einen hohen spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand aufweisenden Werkstoff besteht, dessen Schmelzpunkt oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes der keramischen Glasur liegt und dessen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient annähernd gleich dem der keramischen Glasur ist.Even with burned-in strips of silver paste, the adhesion between the silver and the glaze is often insufficient. Here, the invention seeks to remedy this and proposes that the electrically conductive resistance coating consist of an element embedded in a customary glaze, with flat, perforations and connectable to a power source, made of a metallic material with a high specific electrical resistance, the melting point of which is above Melting point of the ceramic glaze and its coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately equal to that of the ceramic glaze.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn man die keramische Glasur so wählt, daß ihr Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient in etwa gleich dem Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizient des flächigen keramischen Körpers ist.It is particularly advantageous if the ceramic glaze is chosen so that its coefficient of thermal expansion is approximately equal to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the flat ceramic body.
In Weiterbildung weist der für das flächige Element gewählte Werkstoff einen Temperaturfaktor des elektrischen Widerstandes zwischen 20 und 600°C von größer als 2 auf.In a further development, the material selected for the flat element has a temperature factor of the electrical resistance between 20 and 600 ° C. of greater than 2.
Das Durchbrüche aufweisende flächige Element kann in Form eines Mäanders, einer Folie mit Löchern, oder eines Netzwerkes mit entsprechender Maschenweite vorliegen.The flat element with openings can be in the form of a meander, a film with holes, or a network with a corresponding mesh size.
Die Zeichnung zeigt in einer einzigen Figur einen Ausschnitt aus einem flächigen keramischen Körper, bei dem auf der der Sichtseite abgewendeten Seite eine Glasur mit eingebettetem flächigen Element vorgesehen ist.The drawing shows in a single figure a section of a flat ceramic body, in which a glaze with an embedded flat element is provided on the side facing away from the visible side.
Mit 1 ist allgemein eine keramische Platte bezeichnet, deren Abmessungen z. B. 85 % 125 cm bei einer Dicke von 8 mm betragen. Auf der sichtbaren Rückseite befindet sich eine Glasur 2. Mit 3, 3a, 3b sind drei Möglichkeiten von in die Glasur einzubettenden flächigen Elementen dargestellt, über die die elektrische Widerstandsbeheizung erfolgt.1 with a ceramic plate is generally designated, the dimensions of z. B. 85% 125 cm with a thickness of 8 mm. There is a glaze 2 on the visible rear side. 3, 3a, 3b represent three possibilities of flat elements to be embedded in the glaze, via which the electrical resistance heating takes place.
Für die Durchbrüche aufweisenden flächigen Elemente bestimmte Werkstoffe mit den geforderten Eigenschaften und auch einem Temperaturfaktor des elektrischen Widerstandes zwischen 20 und 600°C von größer als 2 sind im Handel, z. B. unter der Warenbezeichnung VACON und werden als Einschmelzlegierungen für elektronische Röhren angeboten.For the breakthrough flat elements certain materials with the required properties and also a temperature factor of the electrical resistance between 20 and 600 ° C of greater than 2 are commercially available, for. B. under the trade name VACON and are offered as smelting alloys for electronic tubes.
Erkennbar macht die Kontaktierung der Durchbrüche aufweisenden flächigen Elementes keinerlei Schwierigkeiten und kann an jeder beliebigen oder gewünschten Stelle vorgenommen werden, wie es bei 4, 4a und 4b angedeutet ist.The contacting of the sheet-like element with openings makes no discernible difficulties and can be carried out at any or desired location, as indicated at 4, 4a and 4b.
Als Stand der Technik sind berücksichtigt:
- EP-A 0 157 179
- DE-OS 34 33 669
- DE-OS 25 34 813
- DE-OS 22 44 157
- EP 01 12 922
- DE-OS 33 25 204
- DE-OS 23 29 424
- DE-GM 18 83 914
- EP-A 0 157 179
- DE-OS 34 33 669
- DE-OS 25 34 813
- DE-OS 22 44 157
- EP 01 12 922
- DE-OS 33 25 204
- DE-OS 23 29 424
- DE-GM 18 83 914
Claims (4)
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die elektrisch leitende Widerstandsbeschichtung aus einem in einer keramischenGlasur eingebetteten, flächigen, Durchbrüche aufweisenden, an eine Stromquelle anschließbaren Element aus einem metallischen, einen hohen spezifischen elektrischen Widerstand aufweisenden Werkstoff besteht, dessen Schmelzpunkt oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes der keramischen Glasur liegt und dessen Wärmeausdehnungkoeffizient annähernd gleich dem der keramischen Glasur ist. 1st Flat ceramic body which is provided with an electrically conductive resistance coating on the side facing away from its visible side,
characterized,
that the electrically conductive resistance coating consists of a embedded in a ceramic glaze, sheet-like, openings having, connectable to a power source element from a metal, a high electrical resistive material consists, whose melting point is above the melting point of the ceramic glaze and whose W ärmeausdehnungkoeffizient approximately equal that of the ceramic glaze.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die keramische Glasur einen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweist, der in etwa gleich dem Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten des flächigen keramischen Körpers ist. 2nd Flat ceramic body according to claim 1,
characterized,
that the ceramic glaze has a coefficient of thermal expansion which is approximately equal to the coefficient of thermal expansion of the flat ceramic body.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das flächige Element einen Temperaturfaktor des elektrischen Widerstandes zwischen 20 und 600°C von größer als 2 aufweist. 3rd Flat ceramic body according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized,
that the flat element has a temperature factor of the electrical resistance between 20 and 600 ° C of greater than 2.
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß das flächige, Durchbrüche aufweisende Element die Form eines Mäanders, einer Folie mit Löchern oder eines Netzwerkes mit entsprechender Maschenweite aufweist.4. Flat ceramic body according to one or more of claims 1 to 3,
characterized,
that the flat, breakthrough element has the Form of a meander, a film with holes or a network with a corresponding mesh size.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT86117576T ATE44344T1 (en) | 1985-12-19 | 1986-12-17 | FLAT CERAMIC BODY II. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3545117 | 1985-12-19 | ||
DE19853545117 DE3545117A1 (en) | 1985-12-19 | 1985-12-19 | Flat ceramic body II |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0229351A1 true EP0229351A1 (en) | 1987-07-22 |
EP0229351B1 EP0229351B1 (en) | 1989-06-28 |
Family
ID=6288958
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86117576A Expired EP0229351B1 (en) | 1985-12-19 | 1986-12-17 | Flat ceramic element |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0229351B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE44344T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE3545117A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2009778B3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3710626A1 (en) * | 1987-02-17 | 1988-08-25 | Buchtal Gmbh | ROOM HEATING ELEMENT CONSISTING OF A CERAMIC MOLDED BODY WITH AN ELECTRIC RESISTANT COATING, IN PARTICULAR IN THE FORM OF A CERAMIC PLATE |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2859321A (en) * | 1955-07-11 | 1958-11-04 | Garaway Alexander | Electric resistance heater |
US2939807A (en) * | 1956-06-29 | 1960-06-07 | Thermway Ind Inc | Method of making a heating panel |
FR1488875A (en) * | 1965-08-12 | 1967-07-13 | Ritter Pfaudler Corp | Electrical device and method for its manufacture |
US3798419A (en) * | 1973-03-12 | 1974-03-19 | Gould Inc | Electrical surface heating assembly |
US4468557A (en) * | 1983-02-03 | 1984-08-28 | Bylin Heating Systems, Inc. | Conformable electric heating apparatus |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1883914U (en) * | 1963-03-07 | 1963-12-05 | Siemens Elektrogeraete Gmbh | FLAT-SHAPED RADIATOR. |
DE2244157A1 (en) * | 1972-09-08 | 1974-03-14 | Ebenseer Betonwerke Gmbh | SURFACE HEATING FOR COMPONENTS |
DE2329424A1 (en) * | 1973-06-08 | 1975-01-02 | Siemens Ag | Flat printed circuit heating element - comprises refractory plate sandwich |
DE2534813A1 (en) * | 1975-08-05 | 1977-02-10 | Braun Ag | Heating element for household appliances - has heating conductors on glass ceramic support electroplated to desired thickness |
WO1984000275A1 (en) * | 1982-06-24 | 1984-01-19 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Panel heater |
DE3325204A1 (en) * | 1983-07-13 | 1985-01-24 | Reimbold & Strick GmbH & Co, 5000 Köln | Heating element made of electrically conducting materials and deposited on a substrate made of electrically insulating materials, its manufacture and its use |
DE3433667A1 (en) * | 1984-02-29 | 1985-09-05 | Buchtal Gmbh, 8472 Schwarzenfeld | Ceramic moulding with electrical resistance coating bonded to back - with uniform electrical and thermal conductivity, useful for heating room, swimming pool etc. |
-
1985
- 1985-12-19 DE DE19853545117 patent/DE3545117A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1986
- 1986-12-17 ES ES86117576T patent/ES2009778B3/en not_active Expired
- 1986-12-17 EP EP86117576A patent/EP0229351B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-12-17 AT AT86117576T patent/ATE44344T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-12-17 DE DE8686117576T patent/DE3664182D1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2859321A (en) * | 1955-07-11 | 1958-11-04 | Garaway Alexander | Electric resistance heater |
US2939807A (en) * | 1956-06-29 | 1960-06-07 | Thermway Ind Inc | Method of making a heating panel |
FR1488875A (en) * | 1965-08-12 | 1967-07-13 | Ritter Pfaudler Corp | Electrical device and method for its manufacture |
US3798419A (en) * | 1973-03-12 | 1974-03-19 | Gould Inc | Electrical surface heating assembly |
US4468557A (en) * | 1983-02-03 | 1984-08-28 | Bylin Heating Systems, Inc. | Conformable electric heating apparatus |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0229351B1 (en) | 1989-06-28 |
DE3664182D1 (en) | 1989-08-03 |
ATE44344T1 (en) | 1989-07-15 |
ES2009778B3 (en) | 1989-10-16 |
DE3545117A1 (en) | 1987-06-25 |
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