WO1995006320A1 - Photovoltaic cell with embedded conductor tracks - Google Patents

Photovoltaic cell with embedded conductor tracks Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1995006320A1
WO1995006320A1 PCT/EP1993/002315 EP9302315W WO9506320A1 WO 1995006320 A1 WO1995006320 A1 WO 1995006320A1 EP 9302315 W EP9302315 W EP 9302315W WO 9506320 A1 WO9506320 A1 WO 9506320A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
conductor tracks
coating
cell according
glass pane
cell
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP1993/002315
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Werner Quinten
Klaus Crummenauer
Original Assignee
Werner Quinten
Klaus Crummenauer
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to CH300/93A priority Critical patent/CH684811A5/en
Priority to DE4303055A priority patent/DE4303055A1/en
Application filed by Werner Quinten, Klaus Crummenauer filed Critical Werner Quinten
Priority to PCT/EP1993/002315 priority patent/WO1995006320A1/en
Priority to AU49544/93A priority patent/AU4954493A/en
Publication of WO1995006320A1 publication Critical patent/WO1995006320A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
    • H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
    • H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
    • H01G9/2068—Panels or arrays of photoelectrochemical cells, e.g. photovoltaic modules based on photoelectrochemical cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02—Details
    • H01L31/0224—Electrodes
    • H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
    • H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a photovoltaic cell with at least one glass pane forming its surface, in particular made of inorganic glass, which is provided with a translucent, electrically conductive coating.
  • the cell is formed by two, the coatings facing each other, with a spacing of, for example, about 20 to 25 ⁇ m arranged glass panes.
  • the one glass pane is also provided on the coating with a coloidal titanium dioxide layer applied by the sol-gel method, which is characterized by a high roughness factor and thus serves as a light trap.
  • a monomolecular layer of a suitable transition metal complex placed on the rough surface of the titanium dioxide layer acts as a sensitizer in such a way that, after excitation by visible light, it injects electrons into the conduction band of the titanium dioxide. With this system it is possible to convert over 80% of the incident photons into electrical current in the wavelength range of the absorption maximum of the sensitizer.
  • the electrons pass through the adjoining current-conducting coating into an external circuit, where they do work, and back to the cell into the current-conducting coating of the other glass pane.
  • the cells are functional with a size of the glass panes of 4x4 to 10x10 cm.
  • the object of the invention is to make the above or similar photovoltaic cells usable to an extended extent.
  • this purpose is achieved in that conductor tracks running in contact with the coating are laid in grooves in the glass pane and this has a size of at least 20x20 cm.
  • the conductor tracks supplement the conductivity of the electrically conductive coating and improve the current conduction on the glass pane up to a contact arranged regularly on the edge of the glass pane. In contrast to the coating, they do not hinder the incidence of light, in that they are essentially linear, rather than in terms of area.
  • the cell is sized and the conductor tracks are laid in the glass pane itself it is brought into a design with which it can be easily manufactured on an industrial scale and does not have to be placed somewhere in a disruptive manner, but can, according to a further invention, become an essential part of the building itself: the cell is preferably at least the size of the glass pane ⁇ at least 25x25 cm, intended as a structural window, wall construction, wall covering or roof covering element.
  • the cells can even have dimensions of, for example, 30x30 to 33x33 cm and more.
  • the square shape is preferable, but not mandatory.
  • the cells can be used in a variety of ways in building construction, with two glass panes of the type mentioned on both sides of the cells, also as elements of translucent window walls in a frame in the manner of lattice windows or as walled-in glass blocks. Facade cladding is also particularly suitable.
  • Thickness, spacing and configuration of the conductor tracks - parallel, crossing, other mesh, e.g. from octagons - are questions of optimization.
  • the thickness of the conductor tracks is generally a multiple of the thickness of the coating; the diameter will be 0.5 mm and more.
  • the conductor tracks laid in the grooves of the pane need not protrude beyond the surface of the coating.
  • the coating can be covered by the coating, but can also lie in a lining of the grooves formed by the coating previously applied. In the latter case, a larger contact area is obtained between the coating and the conductor tracks and a correspondingly lower contact resistance.
  • a cover In order to protect the conductor tracks which are laid in the lining and are thus exposed from the electrolyte mentioned, they can be provided with a cover, preferably likewise arranged in the groove. This cover can also engage in undercuts in the groove and thus, apart from its improved anchoring, cover the conductor track over a wider area.
  • the wires can also be band-shaped or in any case have a rectangular cross-section.
  • the contact required to conduct the current, expediently at the edge of the plate, is given the form of a rail freely running along the edge on one side, to which all the conductor tracks running towards it are connected.
  • the rail can also run all around at the edge of the glass pane and can be used for heat transfer to an enclosure and holding structure of the cell, as a rule a plurality of cell structures accommodating cells.
  • a support structure can act like cooling fins.
  • glass panes can easily be provided with the coating and the conductor tracks on both sides.
  • Fig. 8 shows a cross section through a photovoltaic cell
  • FIG 9 shows a cross section through a second photovoltaic cell.
  • Grooves 2 are milled, rolled, pressed, etched or the like into a glass pane 1.
  • the grooves 2 on the coating 3 have been filled with a pasty mass known under the name "conductive silver", essentially made of a silver alloy, and by firing at 500 ° C. the mass has become a coherent electrical conductor has been sintered.
  • the resulting conductor tracks are designated by 4. They are covered with a cover 5, still in the grooves 2.
  • the cover is, for example made of water glass, if necessary with storage of molybdenum, tungsten and / or titanium or made of glass solder. With such storage, the cover can also be made a conductor track.
  • Identical grooves and conductor tracks running at right angles to the grooves 2 and conductor tracks 4 appear with the dashed lines 6 and 7.
  • conductor tracks 9 have been printed onto the coating 3 in a lattice shape and baked.
  • the conductor tracks 9 have been embedded in a second layer 10 of the electrically conductive coating.
  • grooves 11, conductor tracks 12 and covers 13 correspond to the grooves 2, conductor tracks 4 and covers 5. They only have different, rounded cross sections.
  • printed conductor tracks 9 are embedded in a first layer 14 of the coating 3 and covered by a second layer 15.
  • the grooves 16 are undercut, and the covers 18 spread into the undercuts 19.
  • the thickness of the conductor tracks is at least 25 to 50 times the thickness of the feed 3, preferably more than 150 times.
  • the photovoltaic cell shown in FIG. 8 as an application example is composed of two glass panes 1, which are held in a frame 21 and provided with the coating 3 and the conductor tracks 1, here designated 22, the space between the glass panes 1 being the contains materials mentioned at the outset and explained in their function and is closed all around by a seal 23, for example made of silicone material.
  • the conductor tracks 22, like the conductor tracks 4, are arranged in two sets perpendicular to one another, one of which only appears in broken lines. The latter, parallel to the plane of the drawing, are connected at one end to a contact rail 24 running here along the edge of the glass pane 1.
  • a contact element 25 is pressed onto the contact rails 24 of the two glass panes 1, from which a connecting line 26 leads to a plug 27 for the positive pole or 28 for the negative pole. Otherwise, the relevant edge of the glass pane 1 is seated in an insulating, preferably slightly elastic U-profile 29 which surrounds it.
  • a protective pane 30 sits in the frame 21 in front of the photovoltaic cell.
  • a flange 31 with screws 32 is used to fasten the Frame 21 in a more extensive Haltkon ⁇ construction.
  • a double-sided contact element 34 for the two-sided coated glass pane 33 engages on the two contact rails 24 of the glass pane 33 and between the contact rails 24 Glass panes 1 contact element 25.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Described is a photovoltaic cell whose surface is formed by at least one sheet of glass (1; 33), in particular inorganic glass, having a transparent, electrically conducting coating (3). The cell is characterized in that conductor tracks (4; 8; 9; 12; 17; 22) which are in contact with the coating (3) are located in grooves (2; 11; 16), in the sheet of glass (1; 33) measuring at least 20 x 20 cm.

Description

PHOTOVOLTAISCHE ZELLE MIT EINGEBETTETEN LEITERBAHNEN PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL WITH EMBEDDED PATHWAYS
Die Erfindung betrifft eine photovoltaische Zelle mit mindestens einer ihre Oberfläche bildenden Glasscheibe, insbesondere aus anorganischem Glas, die mit einer lichtdurchlässigen, elektrisch leitenden Beschichtung versehen ist.The invention relates to a photovoltaic cell with at least one glass pane forming its surface, in particular made of inorganic glass, which is provided with a translucent, electrically conductive coating.
Solche Glasscheiben sind mit einer Beschichtung aus Zinndioxid oder Indium-Oxid verwendet worden. Über die betreffenden Ver¬ suche mit einer neuen Art photovoltaischer Zellen ist in der Zeitschrift "Schweizer Ingenieur und Architekt" Nr. 13, März 1991, Seiten 292 bis 295 berichtet. Ferner befassen sich mit diesem Gegenstand die US-A-4,927,721 und die WO-91/16719.Such glass panes have been used with a coating of tin dioxide or indium oxide. The relevant experiments with a new type of photovoltaic cell are reported in the journal "Swiss Engineer and Architect" No. 13, March 1991, pages 292 to 295. US-A-4,927,721 and WO-91/16719 also deal with this subject.
Die Zelle wird gebildet durch zwei, die Beschichtungen einander zugekehrt, mit einem Abstand von z.B. etwa 20 bis 25um angeord¬ nete Glasscheiben. Die eine Glasscheibe ist auf der Beschichtung ferner mit einer nach dem Sol-Gel-Verfahren aufgebrachten, kol¬ loidalen Titandioxidschicht versehen, die sich durch einen hohen Rauheitsfaktor auszeichnet und damit als Lichtfalle dient. Eine auf die rauhe Oberfläche der Titandioxidschicht aufgelegte mono¬ molekulare Schicht eines geeigneten Übergangsmetall-Komplexes wirkt als Sensibilisator, derart, daß sie nach Anregung durch sichtbares Licht Elektronen in die Leitungsbande des Titan¬ dioxids injiziert. Mit diesem System gelingt es, im Wellen¬ längenbereich des Absorptionsmaximums des Sensibilisators über 80% der einfallenden Photonen in elektrischen Strom umzuwan¬ deln. Die Elektronen gelangen über die angrenzende stromlei¬ tende Beschichtung in einen äußeren Stromkreis, wo sie Arbeit verrichten, und zurück zur Zelle in die stromleitende Beschich¬ tung der anderen Glasscheibe. Ein den Zwischenraum zwischen dieser Beschichtung und dem Sensibilisator füllender Elektro¬ lyt, der ein Redoxsystem, z.B. Jod/Jodid, enthält, transpor¬ tiert die Elektronen weiter und auf die monomolekulare Schicht des Sensibilisators zurück.The cell is formed by two, the coatings facing each other, with a spacing of, for example, about 20 to 25 μm arranged glass panes. The one glass pane is also provided on the coating with a coloidal titanium dioxide layer applied by the sol-gel method, which is characterized by a high roughness factor and thus serves as a light trap. A monomolecular layer of a suitable transition metal complex placed on the rough surface of the titanium dioxide layer acts as a sensitizer in such a way that, after excitation by visible light, it injects electrons into the conduction band of the titanium dioxide. With this system it is possible to convert over 80% of the incident photons into electrical current in the wavelength range of the absorption maximum of the sensitizer. The electrons pass through the adjoining current-conducting coating into an external circuit, where they do work, and back to the cell into the current-conducting coating of the other glass pane. An electrolyte filling the space between this coating and the sensitizer, which contains a redox system, for example iodine / iodide, transports the electrons further and back to the monomolecular layer of the sensitizer.
Die Zellen sind bisher mit einer Größe der Glasscheiben von 4x4 bis 10x10 cm funktionsfähig.So far, the cells are functional with a size of the glass panes of 4x4 to 10x10 cm.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die vorstehenden oder ähnliche photovoltaische Zellen in einem erweiterten Umfang ge¬ brauchsfähig zu machen.The object of the invention is to make the above or similar photovoltaic cells usable to an extended extent.
Gemäß der Erfindung wird dieser Zweck dadurch erfüllt, daß in Berührung mit der Beschichtung verlaufende Leiterbahnen in Nuten der Glasscheibe verlegt sind und diese eine Größe von mindestens 20x20 cm aufweist.According to the invention, this purpose is achieved in that conductor tracks running in contact with the coating are laid in grooves in the glass pane and this has a size of at least 20x20 cm.
Die Leiterbahnen ergänzen die Leitfähigkeit der elektrisch lei¬ tenden Beschichtung und verbessern die Stromleitung auf der Glasscheibe bis zu einem regelmäßig am Rand der Glasscheibe angeordneten Kontakt. Mit ihrer im Gegensatz zur Beschichtung nicht flächenmäßigen, sondern im wesentlichen linienförmigen Erstreckung behindern sie dabei den Lichteinfall fast nicht.The conductor tracks supplement the conductivity of the electrically conductive coating and improve the current conduction on the glass pane up to a contact arranged regularly on the edge of the glass pane. In contrast to the coating, they do not hinder the incidence of light, in that they are essentially linear, rather than in terms of area.
Mit dieser, an sich bekannten, Maßnahme wird nach der vorlie¬ genden Erfindung, ferner unter Ausnutzung der durch die Leiter¬ bahnen verbesserten Wärmeleitfähigkeit, die Zelle in eine Größe und mit der Verlegung der Leiterbahnen in der Glasscheibe selbst wird sie in eine Bauart gebracht, mit der sie sich ein¬ fach großtechnisch herstellen läßt und nicht irgendwo störend aufgesetzt werden muß, sondern gemäß weiterer Erfindung ein Wesensbestandteil des Gebäudes selbst werden kann: Die Zelle ist, vorzugsweise mit einer Größe der Glasscheibe von minde¬ stens 25x25 cm, als bautechnisches Fenster-, Wandbau-, Wandbe- kleidungs- oder Dachdeckelement vorgesehen. Die Zellen können aber sogar Abmessungen von beispielsweise 30x30 bis 33x33 cm und mehr erhalten. Die quadratische Form ist zu bevorzugen, aber nicht zwingend.With this measure, known per se, according to the present invention, further utilizing the thermal conductivity improved by the conductor tracks, the cell is sized and the conductor tracks are laid in the glass pane itself it is brought into a design with which it can be easily manufactured on an industrial scale and does not have to be placed somewhere in a disruptive manner, but can, according to a further invention, become an essential part of the building itself: the cell is preferably at least the size of the glass pane ¬ at least 25x25 cm, intended as a structural window, wall construction, wall covering or roof covering element. The cells can even have dimensions of, for example, 30x30 to 33x33 cm and more. The square shape is preferable, but not mandatory.
Es ist ein vielfältiger Einsatz der Zellen im Hochbau möglich, und zwar mit zwei Glasscheiben der genannten Art auf beiden Seiten der Zellen eben auch als Elemente durchscheinender Fen¬ sterwände in einem Gerüst nach Art von Sprossenfenstern oder als eingemauerte Glasbausteine. Ferner kommen Fassadenbeklei¬ dungen besonders in Betracht.The cells can be used in a variety of ways in building construction, with two glass panes of the type mentioned on both sides of the cells, also as elements of translucent window walls in a frame in the manner of lattice windows or as walled-in glass blocks. Facade cladding is also particularly suitable.
Dicke, Abstand und Konfiguration der Leiterbahnen - parallel, sich kreuzend, sonstiges Maschengitter, z.B. aus Achtecken - sind Fragen der Optimierung. Die Dicke der Leiterbahnen wird in der Regel ein Vielfaches der Dicke der Beschichtung betra¬ gen; der Durchmesser wird bei 0,5 mm und mehr liegen.Thickness, spacing and configuration of the conductor tracks - parallel, crossing, other mesh, e.g. from octagons - are questions of optimization. The thickness of the conductor tracks is generally a multiple of the thickness of the coating; the diameter will be 0.5 mm and more.
Die in Nuten der Scheibe verlegten Leiterbahnen brauchen nicht über die Oberfläche der Beschichtung hervorzustehen.The conductor tracks laid in the grooves of the pane need not protrude beyond the surface of the coating.
Sie können, dabei von der Beschichtung überdeckt werden, aber auch in einer durch die, vorher aufgebrachte, Beschichtung ge¬ bildeten Auskleidung der Nuten liegen. Im letzteren Falle er¬ hält man eine größere Kontaktfläche zwischen der Beschichtung und den Leiterbahnen und einen entsprechend geringeren Über¬ gangswiderstand.They can be covered by the coating, but can also lie in a lining of the grooves formed by the coating previously applied. In the latter case, a larger contact area is obtained between the coating and the conductor tracks and a correspondingly lower contact resistance.
Um die in der Auskleidung verlegten und insofern offenliegen¬ den Leiterbahnen vor dem erwähnten Elektrolyten zu schützen, können sie eine, vorzugsweise gleichfalls in der Nut angeord¬ nete, Abdeckung erhalten. Diese Abdeckung kann auch in Hinterschneidungen der Nut grei¬ fen und damit, abgesehen von ihrer verbesserten Verankerung, die Leiterbahn breitflächiger überdecken.In order to protect the conductor tracks which are laid in the lining and are thus exposed from the electrolyte mentioned, they can be provided with a cover, preferably likewise arranged in the groove. This cover can also engage in undercuts in the groove and thus, apart from its improved anchoring, cover the conductor track over a wider area.
Bei Vorfertigung der Nuten und insbesondere im Falle der mit der Beschichtung ausgekleideten Nuten dürfte es in der Regel zweckmäßig sein, die Leiterbahnen in Form pastöser Massen auf¬ zubringen, die dann durch Erhitzung verfestigt werden. Hierzu kann auf die Techniken der Leiterplattenherstellung verwiesen werden. Entsprechendes gilt für die Abdeckungen der Leiterbahnen.When prefabricating the grooves and in particular in the case of the grooves lined with the coating, it should generally be expedient to apply the conductor tracks in the form of pasty masses, which are then solidified by heating. For this purpose, reference can be made to the techniques of circuit board production. The same applies to the covers of the conductor tracks.
Es ist aber auch möglich, Leiterbahnen in Form von Drähten in eine Glasscheibe einzuwalzen, die sich auf einer der dafür er¬ forderlichen Plastizität entsprechenden Temperatur befindet. Mit Rücksicht auf die benötigte Kontaktfläche mit der dann darübergelegten Beschichtung können die Drähte auch bandförmig sein oder jedenfalls einen rechteckigen Querschnitt haben.However, it is also possible to roll conductor tracks in the form of wires into a glass pane which is at a temperature corresponding to the plasticity required for this. In consideration of the required contact area with the coating then placed over it, the wires can also be band-shaped or in any case have a rectangular cross-section.
Der zum Abführen des Stromes benötigte Kontakt, zweckmäßiger¬ weise am Rand der Platte, erhält in zweckmäßiger Ausgestaltung der Erfindung die Form einer entlang des Randes einseitig frei verlaufenden Schiene, mit der alle auf sie zulaufenden Leiter¬ bahnen verbunden sind.The contact required to conduct the current, expediently at the edge of the plate, is given the form of a rail freely running along the edge on one side, to which all the conductor tracks running towards it are connected.
Das ist vor allem für die angestrebte Wärmeableitung aus der Fläche der Glasscheibe von Vorteil.This is particularly advantageous for the desired heat dissipation from the surface of the glass pane.
Insbesondere unter dem letzteren Gesichtspunkt kann die Schiene auch am Rand der Glasscheibe ringsum laufen und zur Wärmeüber¬ tragung auf eine Einfassungs- und Haltekonstruktion der Zelle dienen, in der Regel eine Vielzahl von Zellen aufnehmende Git¬ terkonstruktion. Eine solche Haltekonstruktion kann wie Kühl¬ rippen wirken.In particular from the latter point of view, the rail can also run all around at the edge of the glass pane and can be used for heat transfer to an enclosure and holding structure of the cell, as a rule a plurality of cell structures accommodating cells. Such a support structure can act like cooling fins.
Schließlich wird es mit den nach der Erfindung ermöglichten größeren Abmessungen der Zellen und dementsprechend geringeren Störungen des Lichteinfalles durch Halterahmen o.dgl. sinn- voll, die Zellen doppelt oder mehrfach auszubilden und mit unterschiedlichen Sensibilisatoren in den verschiedenen Zel¬ len verschiedene Wellenlängenbereiche des Lichtspektrums op¬ timiert auszuschöpfen.Finally, it is with the larger dimensions of the cells made possible according to the invention and correspondingly fewer disturbances in the incidence of light by holding frames or the like. sense- full, to design the cells twice or more and to utilize different wavelength ranges of the light spectrum in an optimized manner with different sensitizers in the different cells.
Dafür können Glasscheiben ohne weiteres beidseitig mit der Beschichtung und den Leiterbahnen versehen werden.For this purpose, glass panes can easily be provided with the coating and the conductor tracks on both sides.
Die Zeichnungen geben Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung wie¬ der, mit Rücksicht auf die im Verhältnis sehr dünnen Beschich¬ tungen und Leiterbahnen jedoch nicht maßstäblich.The drawings show exemplary embodiments of the invention, but not to scale in view of the relatively thin coatings and conductor tracks.
Fig. 1 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine erste Glasscheibe,1 shows a cross section through a first glass pane,
Fig. 2 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine zweite Glasscheibe,2 shows a cross section through a second glass pane,
Fig. 3 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine dritte Glasscheibe,3 shows a cross section through a third glass pane,
Fig. 4 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine vierte Glasscheibe,4 shows a cross section through a fourth glass pane,
Fig. 5 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine fünfte Glasscheibe,5 shows a cross section through a fifth glass pane,
Fig. 6 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine sechste Glasscheibe,6 shows a cross section through a sixth glass pane,
Fig. 7 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine siebente Glasscheibe,7 shows a cross section through a seventh glass pane,
Fig. 8 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine photovoltaische Zelle undFig. 8 shows a cross section through a photovoltaic cell and
Fig. 9 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine zweite photovolta¬ ische Zelle.9 shows a cross section through a second photovoltaic cell.
In eine Glasscheibe 1 sind Nuten 2 eingefräst, -gewalzt, -ge¬ preßt, -geätzt o.dgl.. Eine elektrisch leitende Beschichtung 3 der Glasscheibe 1, z.B. aus Zinndioxid und z.B. 0,2 bis 0,5μm dick, zieht sich auch durch die Nuten 2.Grooves 2 are milled, rolled, pressed, etched or the like into a glass pane 1. An electrically conductive coating 3 of the glass pane 1, e.g. from tin dioxide and e.g. 0.2 to 0.5μm thick, also runs through the grooves 2.
Die Nuten 2 sind auf der Beschichtung 3 mit einer unter der Be¬ zeichnung "Leitsilber" bekannten pastösen Masse, im wesentli¬ chen aus einer Silberlegierung, gefüllt worden, und durch Bren¬ nen bei 500°C ist die Masse zu einem zusammenhängenden elektri¬ schen Leiter gesintert worden. Die damit entstandenen Leiter¬ bahnen sind mit 4 bezeichnet. Sie sind, noch in den Nuten 2, mit einer Abdeckung 5 überschichtet. Die Abdeckung besteht z.B. aus Wasserglas, ggf. mit Einlagerung von Molybdän, Wolfram und/oder Titan oder aus Glaslot. Mit einer solchen Einlagerung kann auch die Abdeckung noch zur Leiterbahn gemacht werden. Rechtwinklig zu den Nuten 2 und Leiterbahnen 4 verlaufende, gleiche Nuten und Leiterbahnen erscheinen mit den gestrichel¬ ten Linien 6 bzw. 7.The grooves 2 on the coating 3 have been filled with a pasty mass known under the name "conductive silver", essentially made of a silver alloy, and by firing at 500 ° C. the mass has become a coherent electrical conductor has been sintered. The resulting conductor tracks are designated by 4. They are covered with a cover 5, still in the grooves 2. The cover is, for example made of water glass, if necessary with storage of molybdenum, tungsten and / or titanium or made of glass solder. With such storage, the cover can also be made a conductor track. Identical grooves and conductor tracks running at right angles to the grooves 2 and conductor tracks 4 appear with the dashed lines 6 and 7.
Nach Fig. 2 ist in die Glasscheibe 1 nur eine Schar paralleler, massiver Drähte, z.B. aus Kupfer, als Leiterbahnen 8 eingewalzt und mit der Beschichtung 3 überdeckt worden.According to Fig. 2, only a family of parallel, solid wires, e.g. made of copper, rolled as conductor tracks 8 and covered with the coating 3.
Nach Fig. 3 sind auf die Beschichtung 3 gitterförmig Leiterbah¬ nen 9 aufgedruckt und eingebrannt worden.3, conductor tracks 9 have been printed onto the coating 3 in a lattice shape and baked.
Nach Fig. 4 sind die Leiterbahnen 9 in eine zweite Schicht 10 der elektrisch leitenden Beschichtung eingebettet worden.4, the conductor tracks 9 have been embedded in a second layer 10 of the electrically conductive coating.
In Fig. 5 entsprechen Nuten 11, Leiterbahnen 12 und Abdeckungen 13 den Nuten 2, Leiterbahnen 4 und Abdeckungen 5. Sie haben lediglich andere, gerundete Querschnitte.5, grooves 11, conductor tracks 12 and covers 13 correspond to the grooves 2, conductor tracks 4 and covers 5. They only have different, rounded cross sections.
Nach Fig. 6 sind aufgedruckte Leiterbahnen 9 in eine erste Schicht 14 der Beschichtung 3 eingebettet und von einer zweiten Schicht 15 überdeckt.6, printed conductor tracks 9 are embedded in a first layer 14 of the coating 3 and covered by a second layer 15.
In Fig. 7 entsprechen Nuten 16, Leiterbahnen 17 und Abdeckungen 18 wiederum den Nuten 2, Leiterbahnen 4 und Abdeckungen 5 der Fig. 1, jedoch mit anderen Querschnitten:In FIG. 7, grooves 16, conductor tracks 17 and covers 18 in turn correspond to grooves 2, conductor tracks 4 and covers 5 from FIG. 1, but with different cross sections:
Die Nuten 16 sind hinterschnitten, und die Abdeckungen 18 brei¬ ten sich in die Hinterschnitte 19 aus.The grooves 16 are undercut, and the covers 18 spread into the undercuts 19.
Im übrigen verbleibt hier in den Nuten 16 ein freier Raum 20 über den Abdeckungen 18, der an der einen Glasscheibe der oben erwähnten photovoltaischen Zelle als Reservoir für den, sich langsam verbrauchenden, Elektrolyten dienen kann. In allen Fällen beträgt die Dicke der Leiterbahnen mindestens das 25 bis 50-fachader Dicke der- Beschickung 3, vorzugsweise mehr als das 150-fache. Die in Fig. 8 als Anwendungsbeispiel dargestellte photovolta¬ ische Zelle setzt sich zusammen aus zwei in einem Rahmen 21 gehaltenen, mit der Beschichtung 3 und den, hier mit 22 be¬ zeichneten, Leiterbahnen versehenen Glasscheiben 1, wobei der Zwischenraum zwischen den Glasscheiben 1 die eingangs erwähn¬ ten und in ihrer Funktion erläuterten Materialien enthält und ringsum durch eine Dichtung 23, z.B. aus Silikonmasse, ge¬ schlossen ist.Otherwise, a free space 20 remains above the covers 18 in the grooves 16, which can serve as a reservoir for the slowly-consuming electrolyte on the one glass pane of the above-mentioned photovoltaic cell. In all cases, the thickness of the conductor tracks is at least 25 to 50 times the thickness of the feed 3, preferably more than 150 times. The photovoltaic cell shown in FIG. 8 as an application example is composed of two glass panes 1, which are held in a frame 21 and provided with the coating 3 and the conductor tracks 1, here designated 22, the space between the glass panes 1 being the contains materials mentioned at the outset and explained in their function and is closed all around by a seal 23, for example made of silicone material.
Die Leiterbahnen 22 sind, wie die Leiterbahnen 4, in zwei zu¬ einander rechtwinkligen Scharen angeordnet, von denen die eine nur in gestrichelten Linien erscheint. Die letzteren, parallel zur Zeichenebene verlaufenden Leiterbahnen 22 sind an ihrem einen Ende verbunden mit einer hier entlang des Randes der Glasscheibe 1 verlaufenden Kontakt-Schiene 24.The conductor tracks 22, like the conductor tracks 4, are arranged in two sets perpendicular to one another, one of which only appears in broken lines. The latter, parallel to the plane of the drawing, are connected at one end to a contact rail 24 running here along the edge of the glass pane 1.
In den Rahmen 21 ist auf die Kontakt-Schienen24 der beiden Glas¬ scheiben 1 jeweils ein Kontaktelement 25 gepreßt, von dem eine Anschlυßleitung 26 zu einem Stecker 27 für den Plus-Pol bzw. 28 für den Minus-Pol führt. Im übrigen sitzt der betreffende Rand der Glasscheibe 1 jeweils in einem ihn einfassenden, isolieren¬ den, vorzugsweise etwas elastischen U-Profil 29. Vor der photovoltaischen Zelle sitzt in dem Rahmen 21 eine Schutzscheibe 30. Ein Flansch 31 mit Schrauben 32 dient zur Befestigung des Rahmens 21 in einer umfassenderen Haltekon¬ struktion.In the frame 21, a contact element 25 is pressed onto the contact rails 24 of the two glass panes 1, from which a connecting line 26 leads to a plug 27 for the positive pole or 28 for the negative pole. Otherwise, the relevant edge of the glass pane 1 is seated in an insulating, preferably slightly elastic U-profile 29 which surrounds it. A protective pane 30 sits in the frame 21 in front of the photovoltaic cell. A flange 31 with screws 32 is used to fasten the Frame 21 in a more extensive Haltkon¬ construction.
Fig. 9 zeigt die Verwendung einer beidseitig mit der Beschich¬ tung 3 und den Leiterbahnen 22 versehenen Glasscheibe 33 zwi¬ schen zwei einseitig beschichteten Glasscheiben 1 zur Herstel¬ lung einer doppelten photovoltaischen Zelle.9 shows the use of a glass pane 33 provided on both sides with the coating 3 and the conductor tracks 22 between two glass panes 1 coated on one side for the production of a double photovoltaic cell.
Der weitere Aufbau ist analog Fig. 8. An die Stelle der Kon¬ taktelemente 25 tritt dabei für die zweiseitig beschichtete Glasscheibe 33 ein klammerförmiges, auf die beiden Kontakt- Schienen 24 der Glasscheibe 33 greifendes Kontaktelement 34 und ein zwischen die Kontakt-Schienen 24 der Glasscheiben 1 greifendes Kontaktelement 25. The further structure is analogous to FIG. 8. In place of the contact elements 25, a double-sided contact element 34 for the two-sided coated glass pane 33 engages on the two contact rails 24 of the glass pane 33 and between the contact rails 24 Glass panes 1 contact element 25.

Claims

Patentansprüche: Claims:
1. Photovoltaische Zelle mit mindestens einer ihre Oberfläche bildenden Glasscheibe (1;33), insbesondere aus anorganischem Glas, die mit einer lichtdurchlässigen, elektrisch leitenden Beschichtung (3) versehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in Berührung mit der Beschichtung (3) verlaufende Lei¬ terbahnen (4;8;9;12;17;22) in Nuten (2;11;16) der Glasschei¬ be (1;33) verlegt sind und diese eine Größe von mindestens 20x20 cm aufweist.1. Photovoltaic cell with at least one of its surface glass plate (1; 33), in particular made of inorganic glass, which is provided with a translucent, electrically conductive coating (3), characterized in that Lei in contact with the coating (3) ¬ ter tracks (4; 8; 9; 12; 17; 22) are laid in grooves (2; 11; 16) in the glass pane (1; 33) and these have a size of at least 20x20 cm.
2. Zelle nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zelle, vorzugsweise mit einer Größe der Glasscheibe von mindestens 25x25 cm, als bautechnisches Fenster-, Wand- bäu-, Wandbekleidungs- oder Dachdeckelement vorgesehen ist.2. Cell according to claim 1, characterized in that the cell, preferably with a size of the glass pane of at least 25x25 cm, is provided as a structural window, wall construction, wall covering or roofing element.
3. Zelle nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leiterbahnen (4;8;12;17;22) von der Beschichtung (3) überdeckt sind oder in einer durch die Beschichtung (3) ge¬ bildeten Auskleidung der Nuten (2;11;16) liegen.3. Cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the conductor tracks (4; 8; 12; 17; 22) are covered by the coating (3) or in a lining of the grooves (3) formed by the coating (3) 2; 11; 16).
4. Zelle nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in der Auskleidung (3) verlegten Leiterbahnen (4;12; 17) mit einer, vorzugsweise gleichfalls in der Nut (2;11;16) angeordneten, Abdeckung (5;13;18) versehen sind.4. Cell according to claim 3, characterized in that in the lining (3) laid conductor tracks (4; 12; 17) with a, preferably also in the groove (2; 11; 16) arranged, cover (5; 13; 18) are provided.
5. Zelle nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abdeckung (18) in Hinterschneidungen (19) der Nut (16) greift. Q5. Cell according to claim 4, characterized in that the cover (18) engages in undercuts (19) of the groove (16). Q
6. Zelle nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leiterbahnen (4;9;12;22) als Maschengitter angeord¬ net sind.6. Cell according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the conductor tracks (4; 9; 12; 22) are angeord¬ net as a mesh.
7. Zelle nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leiterbahnen (4;9;12;17;22) und ggf. die Abdeckun¬ gen (5;13;18) durch an Ort und Stelle verfestigte Massen gebildet sind.7. Cell according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the conductor tracks (4; 9; 12; 17; 22) and possibly the covers (5; 13; 18) are formed by masses solidified in place are.
8. Zelle nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leiterbahnen (8) durch in die Scheibe (1) einge¬ walzte Drähte gebildet sind.8. Cell according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the conductor tracks (8) are formed by wires rolled into the disc (1).
9. Zelle nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Leiterbahnen (22) mindestens an einem Rand der Scheibe (1;33) mit einem frei liegenden Kontakt (24) , vorzugsweise in Form einer entlang des Randes verlaufenden Schiene (24) , verbunden sind.9. Cell according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the conductor tracks (22) at least on one edge of the disc (1; 33) with an exposed contact (24), preferably in the form of a rail running along the edge ( 24) are connected.
10. Zelle nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie als Mehrfach-Zelle ferner eine beidseitig mit der Beschichtung (3) und den Leiterbahnen (22) versehene Glas¬ scheibe (33) aufweist. 10. Cell according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it also has as a multiple cell on both sides with the coating (3) and the conductor tracks (22) provided glass pane (33).
PCT/EP1993/002315 1992-02-03 1993-08-26 Photovoltaic cell with embedded conductor tracks WO1995006320A1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH300/93A CH684811A5 (en) 1992-02-03 1993-02-02 Photovoltaic cell having at least one sheet of glass forming its surface and provided with a transparent electrically conductive coating
DE4303055A DE4303055A1 (en) 1992-02-03 1993-02-03 Photovoltaic cell e.g. for fitting with wall or roofing elements - has glass cover with transparent electrically conducting coating and mesh of earthed conductors laid in grooves
PCT/EP1993/002315 WO1995006320A1 (en) 1992-02-03 1993-08-26 Photovoltaic cell with embedded conductor tracks
AU49544/93A AU4954493A (en) 1992-02-03 1993-08-26 Photovoltaic cell with embedded conductor tracks

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4202938 1992-02-03
DE4214419 1992-05-06
PCT/EP1993/002315 WO1995006320A1 (en) 1992-02-03 1993-08-26 Photovoltaic cell with embedded conductor tracks

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1995006320A1 true WO1995006320A1 (en) 1995-03-02

Family

ID=27203359

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP1993/002315 WO1995006320A1 (en) 1992-02-03 1993-08-26 Photovoltaic cell with embedded conductor tracks

Country Status (4)

Country Link
AU (1) AU4954493A (en)
CH (1) CH684811A5 (en)
DE (1) DE4303055A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1995006320A1 (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004164970A (en) * 2002-11-12 2004-06-10 Fujikura Ltd Electrode substrate and photoelectric conversion element
JP2010140909A (en) * 2010-02-04 2010-06-24 Fujikura Ltd Electrode substrate and photoelectric conversion element
JP2010140910A (en) * 2010-02-04 2010-06-24 Fujikura Ltd Electrode substrate and photoelectric conversion element
EP2255391A2 (en) * 2008-02-28 2010-12-01 Sunlight Photonics Inc. Composite substrates for thin film electro-optical devices
US8629346B2 (en) 2002-10-03 2014-01-14 Fujikura Ltd. Electrode substrate, photoelectric conversion element, conductive glass substrate and production method thereof, and pigment sensitizing solar cell
US20140338718A1 (en) * 2013-03-12 2014-11-20 Crystal Solar, Inc. Low shading loss solar module

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH684811A5 (en) * 1992-02-03 1994-12-30 Werner Quinten Photovoltaic cell having at least one sheet of glass forming its surface and provided with a transparent electrically conductive coating
DE4218327A1 (en) * 1992-06-03 1993-12-09 Esw Quinten Gmbh Series-connected photovoltaic cells - are arranged on common glass panes
WO2000048212A1 (en) * 1999-02-08 2000-08-17 Kurth Glas + Spiegel Ag Photovoltaic cell and method for the production thereof
AUPP967799A0 (en) * 1999-04-09 1999-05-06 Sustainable Technologies Australia Ltd Methods to implement sealing and electrical connections to single cell and multi-cell regenerative photovoltaic photoelectrochemical devices
DE20204263U1 (en) * 2002-03-17 2003-07-31 Doeppner Kunststoffenster Kg Building roof element
JP2004128267A (en) * 2002-10-03 2004-04-22 Fujikura Ltd Conductive glass substrate for photoelectric conversion element and method for manufacturing the same
AU2007203274B2 (en) * 2002-10-03 2009-06-18 Fujikura Ltd. Electrode substrate, photoelectric conversion element, conductive glass substrate and production method thereof, and pigment sensitizing solar cell
FR2946459B1 (en) * 2009-06-05 2011-08-05 Centre Nat Etd Spatiales STRUCTURAL ELEMENT FOR SOLAR PANEL, AND STRUCTURE COMPRISING SUCH A ELEMENT
JP2010016001A (en) * 2009-10-05 2010-01-21 Fujifilm Corp Transparent conductive substrate
PT2690676T (en) * 2011-03-22 2021-03-30 Efacec Engenharia E Sist S A Substrate and electrode for solar cells and corresponding manufacturing process
US10673373B2 (en) 2016-02-12 2020-06-02 Solarcity Corporation Building integrated photovoltaic roofing assemblies and associated systems and methods

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0156366A2 (en) * 1984-03-26 1985-10-02 Unisearch Limited Buried contact solar cell
JPH01186677A (en) * 1988-01-14 1989-07-26 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Semiconductor device
DE4303055A1 (en) * 1992-02-03 1993-08-26 Werner Quinten Photovoltaic cell e.g. for fitting with wall or roofing elements - has glass cover with transparent electrically conducting coating and mesh of earthed conductors laid in grooves

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0156366A2 (en) * 1984-03-26 1985-10-02 Unisearch Limited Buried contact solar cell
JPH01186677A (en) * 1988-01-14 1989-07-26 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Semiconductor device
DE4303055A1 (en) * 1992-02-03 1993-08-26 Werner Quinten Photovoltaic cell e.g. for fitting with wall or roofing elements - has glass cover with transparent electrically conducting coating and mesh of earthed conductors laid in grooves

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
AXEL FISCHER: "Die Farbstofformel", BILD DER WISSENSCHAFT, no. 7, July 1992 (1992-07-01), pages 30 - 33 *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 13, no. 474 (E - 836) 26 October 1989 (1989-10-26) *

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8629346B2 (en) 2002-10-03 2014-01-14 Fujikura Ltd. Electrode substrate, photoelectric conversion element, conductive glass substrate and production method thereof, and pigment sensitizing solar cell
JP2004164970A (en) * 2002-11-12 2004-06-10 Fujikura Ltd Electrode substrate and photoelectric conversion element
EP2255391A2 (en) * 2008-02-28 2010-12-01 Sunlight Photonics Inc. Composite substrates for thin film electro-optical devices
EP2255391A4 (en) * 2008-02-28 2013-10-16 Sunlight Photonics Inc Composite substrates for thin film electro-optical devices
JP2010140909A (en) * 2010-02-04 2010-06-24 Fujikura Ltd Electrode substrate and photoelectric conversion element
JP2010140910A (en) * 2010-02-04 2010-06-24 Fujikura Ltd Electrode substrate and photoelectric conversion element
US20140338718A1 (en) * 2013-03-12 2014-11-20 Crystal Solar, Inc. Low shading loss solar module

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU4954493A (en) 1995-03-21
DE4303055A1 (en) 1993-08-26
CH684811A5 (en) 1994-12-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO1995006320A1 (en) Photovoltaic cell with embedded conductor tracks
DE112009004970B4 (en) Conductive paste and electronic component provided with an electrode wiring formed therefrom
DE2826515C2 (en)
DE69201930T2 (en) Connection of glazing with an electrically conductive layer.
EP3676661B1 (en) Insulating glass with electric connection element
DE102008051921B4 (en) Layer system and method for creating a contact element for a layer system
DE60027888T2 (en) PROCESS FOR INTRODUCING INTERMEDIATE COMPOUNDS IN REGENERATIVE PHOTOVOLTAIC PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL MULTIPLE REGULATIONS
EP1110123B1 (en) Electrochrome glazing
EP2721238B1 (en) Insulating glazing with electrical connection element
EP3743583A1 (en) Spacer for insulating glazings, comprising an electric feed line integrated into a hollow chamber
DE4340402A1 (en) Contacting thin layer solar modules
DE2730981A1 (en) CONTAINER FOR ALKALI METAL BATTERIES
WO1996033428A1 (en) Retroreflector
DE4221084A1 (en) Photovoltaic cell array - comprises series connected cell rows between two glass panes
DE69031314T2 (en) Plasma display device
DE2058104A1 (en) Display element with a liquid crystal
DE2922473A1 (en) ELECTROCHROME DISPLAY DEVICE
WO1997036334A1 (en) Laminated structure which is stable with respect to climate and corrosion
EP0933626A2 (en) Method of making an electrical temperature sensor and electrical temperature sensor
DE3205056C2 (en)
DE3207131A1 (en) CERAMIC SUBSTRATE AS A CARRIER FOR ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND INTEGRATED ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS
DE3110879A1 (en) ELECTROCHEMOLUMINESCENT CELL
DE3640340C2 (en) Variable interferometer arrangement
DE3246412C2 (en)
WO1995016271A1 (en) Photovoltaic cells

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AK Designated states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AU BB BG BR BY CA CZ FI HU JP KP KR KZ LK MG MN MW NO NZ PL RO RU SD SK UA US VN

AL Designated countries for regional patents

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN ML MR NE SN TD TG

DFPE Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before 20040101)
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application
122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase
NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: CA