EP0227934B1 - Steam generator with a furnace for solid fuels - Google Patents

Steam generator with a furnace for solid fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0227934B1
EP0227934B1 EP86115988A EP86115988A EP0227934B1 EP 0227934 B1 EP0227934 B1 EP 0227934B1 EP 86115988 A EP86115988 A EP 86115988A EP 86115988 A EP86115988 A EP 86115988A EP 0227934 B1 EP0227934 B1 EP 0227934B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
funnel
tubes
walls
trapezoidal
denotes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86115988A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0227934A1 (en
Inventor
Karl Rees
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Trasformazione Societaria sulzer AG
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Gebrueder Sulzer AG
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Application filed by Gebrueder Sulzer AG filed Critical Gebrueder Sulzer AG
Publication of EP0227934A1 publication Critical patent/EP0227934A1/en
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Publication of EP0227934B1 publication Critical patent/EP0227934B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
    • F22B37/14—Supply mains, e.g. rising mains, down-comers, in connection with water tubes
    • F22B37/146—Tube arrangements for ash hoppers and grates and for combustion chambers of the cyclone or similar type out of the flues

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a steam generator with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the funnel In a steam generator of this type known from DE-OS 2 214 697, the funnel consists of two opposite, vertical, trapezoidal walls and two opposite, oblique, rectangular walls, the rectangular outlet opening located at the lower end of these four walls being so long like the length of each oblique rectangular wall.
  • the two vertical, trapezoidal walls thus form aligned extensions of two mutually parallel walls of the throttle cable and each delimit a short side of the rectangular outlet opening with their lower end.
  • the cross-section of the outlet opening is determined by the amount of ash and slag that passes through this opening and then falls on systems for discharging the ash, etc., underneath.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a steam generator of the type mentioned in such a way that both the laying out and the creation of the ash discharge systems connected to the funnel outlet opening and the manufacture of the tube walls of the funnel are simplified.
  • this object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.
  • This makes it possible to adapt the funnel to the ash discharge systems with regard to the length of its outlet opening, which increases the design freedom of the designer both with regard to the funnel and with regard to the ash discharge systems assembled from standard parts. It has been shown that this can be done more cost-effectively than the previously customary adaptation of the ash discharge systems exclusively to the width of the funnel outlet opening.
  • These advantages also come into play when a previously oil-fired steam generator is to be converted to coal firing. It is also possible to maintain a uniform distance between the helically wound tubes of all funnel walls and also the throttle cable walls, which considerably simplifies the manufacture of the tube walls on welding machines.
  • the steam generator has a vertical throttle cable 1 with a square cross section.
  • the throttle cable is formed from tubes 3, which are welded together in a gas-tight manner via webs 30 (FIG. 3).
  • a funnel 2 is arranged, which is also formed from tubes 13 welded to one another in gas-tight fashion via webs 33.
  • the funnel 2 has four flat, trapezoidal, oblique walls 2a and 2b, which delimit a rectangular outlet opening 4 with their lower, horizontal edges.
  • the short sides of the outlet opening 4 are assigned the two walls 2a which are the same and the long sides the two walls 2b which are also the same, but which are different from the funnel walls 2a.
  • the tube walls of the throttle cable 1 and the funnel 2 merge into one another in a gas-tight manner, the tubes 13 of the funnel 2 and the tubes 3 of the throttle cable 1 being wound helically.
  • the working fluid flowing through these tubes is fed in at the lower end of the tubes 13 and removed at the upper end of the tubes 3, so that it flows from the bottom to the top.
  • Coal dust burners are arranged in a known manner in the region of the vertical edges of the throttle cable 1 and form a tangential combustion of the steam generator.
  • the length of the outlet opening can be adapted in a simple manner to the adjoining, not shown, system for discharging the combustion residues. These systems can then be assembled from the standard parts without difficulty.
  • the accelerator cable can also have a rectangular cross section that deviates from the square cross section.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Separating Particles In Gases By Inertia (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Dampferzeuger mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a steam generator with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Bei einem aus der DE-OS 2 214 697 bekannten Dampferzeuger dieser Art besteht der Trichter aus zwei einander gegenüberliegenden, vertikalen, trapezförmigen Wänden und zwei einander gegenüberliegenden, schrägen, rechteckigen Wänden, wobei die am unteren Ende dieser vier Wände befindliche rechteckige Austrittsöffnung so lang ist wie die Länge jeder schrägen Rechteckwand. Die beiden vertikalen, trapezförmigen Wände bilden also fluchtende Verlängerungen zweier zueinander paralleler Wände des Gaszuges und begrenzen mit ihrem unteren Ende je eine kurze Seite der rechteckigen Austrittsöffnung. Der Querschnitt der Austrittsöffnung ist durch die Menge der Asche und Schlacke bestimmt, die diese Öffnung passiert und dann auf darunter befindliche Anlagen zum Austragen der Asche usw. fällt. Wegen der Abhängigkeit des Querschnitts der Austrittsöffnung von der Aschen- und Schlackenmenge und da die Länge der Austrittsöffnung durch den Abstand der vertikalen Trichterwände bestimmt ist, ist es bei dieser Bauform nur möglich, die Breite der Austrittsöffnung an die Bedürfnisse der unter der Austrittsöffnung befindlichen Anlagen zum Austragen der Asche anzupassen. Dies erschwert das Erstellen solcher Anlagen, die üblicherweise aus Normteilen zusammengebaut werden. Eine Variation der Austrittsöffnung des Trichters auch hinsichtlich ihrer Länge hat Rückwirkungen auf die Rohrwände des Trichters, nämlich auf die vertikale Abmessung des Trichters, den Neigungswinkel der Trichterrohrwände und die Anordnung der Rohre in den Wänden, insbesondere den Abstand zwischen zwei benachbarten Rohren und damit die Breite der zwischen den Rohren eingeschweissten Stege. Bei dem bekannten Dampferzeuger haben die Rohre in den rechteckigen Trichterwänden keinen einheitlichen Abstand, sondern er ändert sich an der Grenzgeraden. Dies hat Nachteile beim Herstellen der Rohrwände durch Schweissen, indem bei Anwendung von Schweissmaschinen diese neu eingestellt werden müssen und auch zusätzliche Handschweissungen notwendig sind.In a steam generator of this type known from DE-OS 2 214 697, the funnel consists of two opposite, vertical, trapezoidal walls and two opposite, oblique, rectangular walls, the rectangular outlet opening located at the lower end of these four walls being so long like the length of each oblique rectangular wall. The two vertical, trapezoidal walls thus form aligned extensions of two mutually parallel walls of the throttle cable and each delimit a short side of the rectangular outlet opening with their lower end. The cross-section of the outlet opening is determined by the amount of ash and slag that passes through this opening and then falls on systems for discharging the ash, etc., underneath. Due to the dependence of the cross-section of the outlet opening on the amount of ash and slag and since the length of the outlet opening is determined by the distance between the vertical funnel walls, it is only possible with this design to adapt the width of the outlet opening to the needs of the systems under the outlet opening Adjust the discharge of the ashes. This makes it difficult to build systems that are usually assembled from standard parts. A variation of the outlet opening of the funnel also with regard to its length has repercussions on the tube walls of the funnel, namely on the vertical dimension of the funnel, the angle of inclination of the funnel tube walls and the arrangement of the tubes in the walls, in particular the distance between two adjacent tubes and thus the width the webs welded in between the tubes. In the known steam generator, the tubes in the rectangular funnel walls do not have a uniform distance, but change at the straight line. This has disadvantages when producing the tube walls by welding, in that when using welding machines, these have to be reset and additional manual welding is also necessary.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Dampferzeuger der eingangs genannten Gattung so zu verbessern, dass sowohl das Auslegen und das Erstellen der an die Trichteraustrittsöffnung anschliessenden Ascheaustraganlagen als auch das Herstellen der Rohrwände des Trichters vereinfacht wird.The invention has for its object to improve a steam generator of the type mentioned in such a way that both the laying out and the creation of the ash discharge systems connected to the funnel outlet opening and the manufacture of the tube walls of the funnel are simplified.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss durch die Merkmale des Kennzeichens des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Hierdurch wird es möglich, den Trichter auch hinsichtlich der Länge seiner Austrittsöffnung an die Ascheaustraganlagen anzupassen, was die Gestaltungsfreiheit des Konstrukteurs sowohl hinsichtlich des Trichters als auch hinsichtlich der aus Normteilen zusammengebauten Ascheaustraganlagen vergrössert. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass dies kostengünstiger zu bewerkstelligen ist, als die bisher übliche Anpassung der Ascheaustraganlagen ausschliesslich an die Breite der Trichteraustrittsöffnung. Diese Vorteile kommen auch dann zur Geltung, wenn ein bisher ölbefeuerter Dampferzeuger auf Kohlefeuerung umgerüstet werden soll. Ferner ist es möglich, einen gleichmässigen Abstand zwischen den schraubenlinienförmig gewickelten Rohren aller Trichterwände wie auch der Gaszugwände einzuhalten, was das Herstellen der Rohrwände auf Schweissmaschinen wesentlich vereinfacht.According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1. This makes it possible to adapt the funnel to the ash discharge systems with regard to the length of its outlet opening, which increases the design freedom of the designer both with regard to the funnel and with regard to the ash discharge systems assembled from standard parts. It has been shown that this can be done more cost-effectively than the previously customary adaptation of the ash discharge systems exclusively to the width of the funnel outlet opening. These advantages also come into play when a previously oil-fired steam generator is to be converted to coal firing. It is also possible to maintain a uniform distance between the helically wound tubes of all funnel walls and also the throttle cable walls, which considerably simplifies the manufacture of the tube walls on welding machines.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der folgenden Beschreibung anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen in schematischer Darstellung:

  • Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Dampferzeugers nach der Erfindung,
  • Fig. 2 einen Grundriss des Dampferzeugers nach Fig. 1 und
  • Fig. 3 eine Abwicklung des Dampferzeugers.
An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail in the following description with reference to the drawing. In a schematic representation:
  • 1 is a perspective view of a steam generator according to the invention,
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view of the steam generator according to Fig. 1 and
  • Fig. 3 is a development of the steam generator.

Der Dampferzeuger weist einen vertikalen Gaszug 1 mit quadratischem Querschnitt auf. Der Gaszug ist aus Rohren 3 gebildet, die über Stege 30 (Fig. 3) gasdicht miteinander verschweisst sind. Am unteren Ende des Gaszuges 1 ist ein Trichter 2 angeordnet, der ebenfalls aus über Stege 33 gasdicht miteinander verschweissten Rohren 13 gebildet ist. Der Trichter 2 weist vier ebene, trapezförmige, schräge Wände 2a und 2b auf, die mit ihren unteren, horizontalen Rändern eine rechteckige Austrittsöffnung 4 begrenzen. Den kurzen Seiten der Austrittsöffnung 4 sind die beiden unter sich gleichen Wände 2a und den langen Seiten die beiden ebenfalls unter sich gleichen Wände 2b zugeordnet, die aber von den Trichterwänden 2a verschieden sind. Die Rohrwände des Gaszuges 1 und des Trichters 2 gehen gasdicht ineinander über, wobei die Rohre 13 des Trichters 2 und die Rohre 3 des Gaszuges 1 schraubenlinienförmig gewickelt sind. Das diese Rohre durchströmende Arbeitsmittel wird am unteren Ende der Rohre 13 zugeführt und am oberen Ende der Rohre 3 entnommen, so dass es von unten nach oben strömt. Nicht gezeigte Kohlenstaubbrenner sind auf bekannte Weise im Bereich der vertikalen Kanten des Gaszuges 1 angeordnet und bilden eine Tangentialfeuerung des Dampferzeugers.The steam generator has a vertical throttle cable 1 with a square cross section. The throttle cable is formed from tubes 3, which are welded together in a gas-tight manner via webs 30 (FIG. 3). At the lower end of the throttle cable 1, a funnel 2 is arranged, which is also formed from tubes 13 welded to one another in gas-tight fashion via webs 33. The funnel 2 has four flat, trapezoidal, oblique walls 2a and 2b, which delimit a rectangular outlet opening 4 with their lower, horizontal edges. The short sides of the outlet opening 4 are assigned the two walls 2a which are the same and the long sides the two walls 2b which are also the same, but which are different from the funnel walls 2a. The tube walls of the throttle cable 1 and the funnel 2 merge into one another in a gas-tight manner, the tubes 13 of the funnel 2 and the tubes 3 of the throttle cable 1 being wound helically. The working fluid flowing through these tubes is fed in at the lower end of the tubes 13 and removed at the upper end of the tubes 3, so that it flows from the bottom to the top. Coal dust burners, not shown, are arranged in a known manner in the region of the vertical edges of the throttle cable 1 and form a tangential combustion of the steam generator.

In der Abwicklung gemäss Fig. 3 schliessen die schrägen Kanten der Trichterwände 2a einen Winkel a und die schrägen Kanten 22 der Trichterwände 2b einen Winkel β jeweils mit der Vertikalen ein. Die Rohre 13 weisen in den Trichterwänden 2a gegenüber der Horizontalen eine Neigung 8 auf, die die Rohre 13 mehrheitlich auch in den Trichterwänden 2b haben. Lediglich die zwischen der jeweils in Fig. 3 linken schrägen Kante 22 der Trichterwände 2b und einer diese Kante am Uebergang des Trichters zum Gaszug schneidenden Grenzgeraden 5 befindlichen Abschnitte der Rohre 13 weisen gegenüber der Horizontalen eine Uebergangs-Neigung e auf. Diese Uebergangs-Neigung ist grösser als die Neigung S. Dadurch wird ein stetiger Uebergang der Rohre 13 der Trichterwände 2b zu den benachbarten Wänden 2a gewährleistet. Jede Grenzgerade 5 schliesst mit der Vertikalen einen Winkel γ ein. Um ferner einen konstanten Abstand t zwischen den einzelnen Rohren 13 im ganzen Trichter 2 zu erhalten, weisen die Winkel zugleich folgende Beziehungen zueinander auf:

  • β = α - 2δ
  • γ = α
  • ε = 2α - δ
3, the oblique edges of the funnel walls 2a form an angle a and the oblique edges 22 of the funnel walls 2b each form an angle β with the vertical. The tubes 13 in the funnel walls 2a have an inclination 8 with respect to the horizontal, which the majority of the tubes 13 also have in the funnel walls 2b. Only the sections of the tubes 13 between the oblique edge 22 of the funnel walls 2b on the left in FIG. 3 and a boundary line 5 intersecting this edge at the transition of the funnel to the gas train have a transition inclination e with respect to the horizontal. This transition inclination is greater than the inclination S. This ensures a constant transition of the tubes 13 of the funnel walls 2b to the adjacent walls 2a. Each boundary line 5 forms an angle γ with the vertical. In order to further maintain a constant distance t between the individual tubes 13 in the entire funnel 2, the angles also have the following relationships to one another:
  • β = α - 2δ
  • γ = α
  • ε = 2α - δ

In Fig. 3 beträgt der Winkel a 30°. Er liegt somit unterhalb des Grenzwertes von 35°, bei dem noch ein gutes Abfliessen von zähen Verbrennungsrückständen, insbesondere Asche, im Trichter stattfindet.In Fig. 3 the angle a is 30 ° . It is therefore below the limit of 35 °, at which there is still a good drainage of viscous combustion residues, especially ash, in the funnel.

Dadurch, dass auch die die kurzen Seiten der Austrittsöffnung 4 begrenzenden Trichterwände 2a schräg verlaufen, lässt sich beim Auslegen des Dampferzeugers die Länge der Austrittsöffnung an die sich an diese anschliessende, nicht dargestellte Anlage zum Austragen der Verbrennungsrückstände in einfacher Weise anpassen. Diese Anlagen können dann ohne Schwierigkeiten aus den Normteilen zusammengebaut werden.Because the funnel walls 2a delimiting the short sides of the outlet opening 4 also run obliquely, when the steam generator is laid out, the length of the outlet opening can be adapted in a simple manner to the adjoining, not shown, system for discharging the combustion residues. These systems can then be assembled from the standard parts without difficulty.

Abweichend von dem beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel kann der Gaszug auch einen vom quadratischen Querschnitt abweichenden rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisen.In a departure from the exemplary embodiment described, the accelerator cable can also have a rectangular cross section that deviates from the square cross section.

Claims (2)

1. A solid fuel fired vapour generator having a rectangular cross-section vertical gas flue embodied by tube banks welded together in gas-tight manner, a funnel which is also embodied by tube banks welded together in gas-tight manner being disposed at the bottom end of the flue, two of the four plane walls of the funnel being trapezoidal, the funnel having a rectangular outlet at its bottom end, the flue and funnel tubes being wound helically and being flowed through upwardly by the working medium, the winding of the gas flue tubes merging directly into the funnel tubes, characterised in that the other two walls of the funnel are also trapezoidal and the following angular relationships are also present in the development of the funnel:
Figure imgb0004
Figure imgb0005
Figure imgb0006
in which:
a denotes the angle included by the vertical and one inclined edge of the trapezoidal wall bounding a short side of the outlet;
β denotes the angle included by the vertical and an inclined edge of the trapezoidal wall bounding a long side of the outlet;
y denotes the angle included by the vertical and a boundary straight line present in the trapezoidal wall bounding a long side of the outlet, on which straight line the predominantly present inclination 8 of the helically wound tubes changes to a transitional inclination ε,
8 denotes the predominantly present inclination in the trapezoidal walls of the funnel tubes to the horizontal, and
e denotes the transitional inclination of the tubes to the horizontal in the zone between the boundary straight line and the inclined edge adjacent the same and the trapezoidal wall.
2. A vapour generator according to claim 1, characterised in that the angle a is at most 35°.
EP86115988A 1985-12-04 1986-11-18 Steam generator with a furnace for solid fuels Expired - Lifetime EP0227934B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH5166/85 1985-12-04
CH516685 1985-12-04

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0227934A1 EP0227934A1 (en) 1987-07-08
EP0227934B1 true EP0227934B1 (en) 1990-08-22

Family

ID=4289028

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86115988A Expired - Lifetime EP0227934B1 (en) 1985-12-04 1986-11-18 Steam generator with a furnace for solid fuels

Country Status (9)

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US (1) US4726323A (en)
EP (1) EP0227934B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2519221B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1008394B (en)
AU (1) AU587882B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1283820C (en)
DE (1) DE3673623D1 (en)
IN (1) IN165916B (en)
PL (1) PL153991B1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19527886A1 (en) * 1994-08-10 1996-02-15 Evt Energie & Verfahrenstech Steam generator fired by fossil fuel

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4232880A1 (en) * 1992-09-30 1994-03-31 Siemens Ag Fossil-fuelled steam-generator - has tubes forming flue walls joined together gas-tight at bottom and leaving intervening gaps further up
US20050101993A1 (en) * 2002-10-04 2005-05-12 Howard Scalzo Antimicrobial packaged medical device and method of preparing same
US6793013B2 (en) * 2003-01-09 2004-09-21 Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Polygonal heat exchange chamber including a tapered portion lined with water tube panels and method of lining a tapered portion of a polygonal heat exchange chamber with such panels
EP1533565A1 (en) * 2003-11-19 2005-05-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Once-through steam generator

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB879817A (en) * 1959-07-10 1961-10-11 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in vapour generators
CH368815A (en) * 1962-02-02 1963-04-30 Sulzer Ag Steam generator
CH479024A (en) * 1967-08-31 1969-09-30 Sulzer Ag Bottom tubing of a four-cornered combustion chamber
CH549756A (en) * 1972-03-17 1974-05-31 Sulzer Ag COMBUSTION CHAMBER TUBING.
DE2214697A1 (en) * 1972-03-25 1973-09-27 Sulzer Ag COMBUSTION CHAMBER TUBING
CH549757A (en) * 1972-03-30 1974-05-31 Sulzer Ag COMBUSTION CHAMBER TUBING.
DE2557427A1 (en) * 1975-12-19 1977-06-30 Kraftwerk Union Ag CIRCUIT OF A FIRE ROOM LUG IN A FLOW-THROUGH BOILER WITH GAS-TIGHT WELDED WALLS IN TWO CONSTRUCTION
JPS59197707A (en) * 1983-04-22 1984-11-09 三菱重工業株式会社 Furnace bottom structure
EP0135664B1 (en) * 1983-08-31 1988-07-27 GebràœDer Sulzer Aktiengesellschaft Vertical gas pass for a heat exchanger
CN1016532B (en) * 1985-09-23 1992-05-06 劳舍兄弟有限公司 Fossil-fuel-fired vapour producer

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19527886A1 (en) * 1994-08-10 1996-02-15 Evt Energie & Verfahrenstech Steam generator fired by fossil fuel

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AU587882B2 (en) 1989-08-31
JPS62134402A (en) 1987-06-17
CN1008394B (en) 1990-06-13
PL262758A1 (en) 1987-10-19
IN165916B (en) 1990-02-10
EP0227934A1 (en) 1987-07-08
CN86106709A (en) 1987-06-10
JP2519221B2 (en) 1996-07-31
US4726323A (en) 1988-02-23
DE3673623D1 (en) 1990-09-27
CA1283820C (en) 1991-05-07
PL153991B1 (en) 1991-06-28
AU6605886A (en) 1987-06-11

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