EP0225243B1 - Machine for digging trenches into the ground - Google Patents

Machine for digging trenches into the ground Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0225243B1
EP0225243B1 EP86402523A EP86402523A EP0225243B1 EP 0225243 B1 EP0225243 B1 EP 0225243B1 EP 86402523 A EP86402523 A EP 86402523A EP 86402523 A EP86402523 A EP 86402523A EP 0225243 B1 EP0225243 B1 EP 0225243B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
frame
vehicle
boom
ground
digging
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86402523A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0225243A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Charles Dalaine
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J.C.L.D. EQUIPMENTS S.A.R.L.
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Jean-Charles Dalaine
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Publication of EP0225243A1 publication Critical patent/EP0225243A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/08—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging elements on an endless chain
    • E02F3/086—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging elements on an endless chain vertically shiftable relative to the frame
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/08—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging elements on an endless chain
    • E02F3/10—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging elements on an endless chain with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. with cutter-type chains

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a machine for digging trenches in the ground, used under the name of drainer in agriculture and trencher for public works.
  • the digging member consists essentially of a support frame, a digging boom, a digging chain and a device for removing soil.
  • the digging boom tips in a vertical plane around the main drive shaft which controls the driving of the digging chain.
  • This embodiment has the advantage of leading to a simple structure of the digging boom, but it has many drawbacks, more particularly at low and medium digging depth.
  • the arrow makes a very small angle relative to the horizontal, and the point of contact of the digging chain with the ground is carried far back of the vehicle.
  • the overhang of the digging arrow also creates a significant sweep in the curves, which tends to accentuate them and makes maneuvers delicate.
  • the digging boom fixed on a deformable parallelogram rocks in a vertical plane, and attacks the ground, far behind the carrier vehicle.
  • This system has the advantage of allowing separate adjustment of the angle of attack of the boom and the digging depth. However, it has the same drawbacks as those of the system described above, in particular concerning the cantilever of the boom.
  • the parallelogram is of a complex structure comprising numerous axes of articulations and jacks. These joints are subjected to the result of the forces applied to the boom and therefore to great fatigue. Finally, when it comes to digging a shallow or medium depth trench, the parallelogram is located very high above the ground.
  • a machine for digging trenches in the ground comprising a carrier vehicle and tractor, at the rear or in front of which is fixed an arrow around which is mounted in rotation a digging chain, the boom being slidably mounted in a frame forming a sheath mounted at the rear of the vehicle, this frame being movable between a working position and an inactive transport position in which the boom is slid towards the high and clear of the ground.
  • the frame is removably mounted on the vehicle and can be removed easily.
  • the boom is movable in a direction substantially perpendicular to the ground and is, in its high position, released from the ground.
  • the vehicle In all the types of machine described above, the vehicle must withstand all of the digging forces, which results in significant mechanical stress on the adaptation members of the machine on the vehicle.
  • the present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by ensuring perfect control of the angle of attack of the digging boom with respect to the ground, and of the digging depth, of optimizing the yields and reducing the resistant effort, whatever the nature of the ground, the digging depth or the angle of attack of the digging chain.
  • the machine of the aforementioned type is characterized in that the frame is hingedly fixed along a substantially horizontal axis on the vehicle so as to be raised towards the vehicle in the transport position and lowered towards the ground in the working position, and in that, in the working position, the lower part of this frame bears on the ground, the arrow is slightly inclined relative to the vertical and the lower part of this arrow is engaged in the ground.
  • the boom when the frame is in the service position, its lower part resting on the ground, the boom can be made to slide in the frame according to the digging depth.
  • the efforts tend to accentuate the bearing force of the frame on the ground, so that it is the ground which collects most of these efforts and not the carrier vehicle.
  • the lever arm between this boom and the articulation axis of the frame to the vehicle can be very short, so that the assembly is both compact and very rigid.
  • the part of the frame forming the sheath for the sliding of the boom ensures precise and robust guidance of the latter, while effectively protecting this boom with respect to mechanical shocks and also protecting the personnel working near the machine.
  • the overhang of the boom is very small, so that the maneuvers in the curves are very easy.
  • the machine is characterized in that in the service position the arrow forms an angle of between 10 and 20 ° relative to the vertical, the lower part of the arrow being behind a vertical plane passing through the arrow relative to the direction of movement of the vehicle.
  • This arrangement allows effective digging whatever the digging depth, optimal recovery of digging forces by pressing on the ground of the frame and a reduced overhang of the assembly.
  • the machine is characterized in that the frame is connected to the vehicle by at least one jack arranged to move the frame between its service position and its inactive transport position.
  • the machine is characterized in that the jib comprises a tubular element of rectangular section and in that the frame comprises a part forming a sheath of complementary section in which the tubular element is slidably mounted of the arrow.
  • the machine is characterized in that the lower part of the frame has two parallel pads oriented in the direction of movement of the vehicle and bearing on the ground in the operating position of the frame.
  • the machine is characterized in that the frame has on its end adjacent to the vehicle, an apron inclined towards the rear relative to the direction of movement of the vehicle to evacuate the earth.
  • This deck allows to laterally clear the earth which is brought up by the digging chain, so that the forward movement of the frame carrying the boom is not hampered by the accumulation of earth.
  • the machine for digging trenches in the ground comprises a vehicle 1 carrier and tractor having a lower frame 2 at the rear of which is fixed an arrow 3 around which is rotatably mounted in a loop endless, a digging chain 4.
  • This arrow 3 is slidably mounted in a frame 5 forming a sheath fixed in an articulated fashion along a substantially horizontal axis XX 'behind the chassis 2 of the vehicle 1.
  • the frame 5 is connected to the vehicle 1 by two parallel jacks 7 (see also Figure 5) arranged to move the frame 5 between its operating position ( Figures 1 to 3) and its inactive position ( Figure 4).
  • the arrow 3 comprises a tubular element 8 made of steel of rectangular section and the frame 5 comprises a sleeve-shaped part 9 of complementary rectangular section in which the element is slidably mounted and without play tubular 8 of boom 3.
  • the frame 5 comprises (see FIG. 6) two parallel flanges 10, 11 the front end of which is articulated to the chassis 2 of the vehicle along the axis XX ′.
  • the part 9 forming a sheath is connected to the two flanges 10, 11 by two transverse plates 12, 13 forming spacers.
  • the tubular element 8 of the arrow 5 has on its two faces 8a, 8b perpendicular to the direction D of movement of the vehicle 1 two guides 14, 15 on which the digging chain 4 is supported. These two guides 14, 15 are spaced from the aforementioned two faces 8a, 8b of the tubular element 8 and extend on either side of the part 9 forming the sheath of the frame by slidingly bearing on the external faces of the sheath 9 situated in the extension of the transverse plates 12, 13.
  • the digging chain 4 is meshed with a toothed wheel 16 rotatably mounted at the upper end of the boom 3 which is driven by a hydraulic motor 17 and is mounted around a roller 18 rotating at the bottom of the boom 3
  • the displacement of the digging chain 4 is carried out in the direction of arrow F (see FIG. 5).
  • the lower part of the frame 5 has (see FIG. 5) two parallel pads 5a oriented in the direction D of movement of the vehicle and bearing on the ground 6 in the service position of the frame 5, as indicated in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • each shoe 5a is hingedly attached to one of the flanges 10, 11 of the frame, while the rear end is connected to the frame 5 by a jack 19. It can also be seen in FIG. 5 that the frame 5 has on its end adjacent to the vehicle 1 an apron 20 inclined towards the rear relative to the direction of movement D of the vehicle, for removing the earth.
  • the end of the frame 5 adjacent to the vehicle 1 also comprises, near the upper edge 20a of the deck 20, a plate 21 inclined towards the front relative to the direction of movement D of the vehicle 1. This plate 21 extends above an evacuation apron 22 fixed to the rear of the vehicle 1.
  • the frame 5 is connected to the arrow 3 by means making it possible to slide the arrow 3 in one direction or in another direction relative to the frame 5.
  • these means comprise a cable system 23 fixed to the arrow 3, pulleys 24 and capstan 25 driven by a hydraulic or electric motor.
  • these means comprise an endless wheel system 26 cooperating with a rack 27.
  • these means comprise a jack 28 whose rod 29 is connected to the arrow 3 and whose body 30 is integral with the frame 5.
  • the frame 5 is pivoted by actuating the jacks 7 to put it in the service position indicated in FIG. 1.
  • the arrow 3 is slid down so that it touches the ground 6 and the digging chain 4 is rotated.
  • This digging chain 4 digs the soil 6 by bringing the earth up.
  • To adjust the digging depth simply slide the arrow 3 down until the desired depth is reached.
  • the tractor vehicle 1 is moved forward at regular speed.
  • the assembly constituted by the frame 5 and the arrow 3 has a very high resistance to bending forces. and twist.
  • the earth raised by the digging chain 4 is deflected by the plates 20 and 21 and falls on the deck 22 which discharges it laterally.
  • the inclination of the plate 21 and that of the deck 20 are calculated to obtain an optimal evacuation of the earth.
  • the sliding system of the arrow 3 in the part 9 forming the sheath of the frame 5 comprises two free pinions 32 and 33 integral with the frame 5, arranged on either side of the arrow 3 and provided with electromagnetic or hydraulic brakes with selective control (not shown), and a pinion 34 located at the upper end of the arrow 3, driving the digging chain 4 in a clockwise direction.
  • a device such as an electromagnetic system can be provided to block the arrow 3 in the sheath 9 of the frame 5.
  • the frame 5 carrying the arrow 3 instead of being fixed to the rear of the vehicle 1, could be fixed to the front of the latter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Agricultural Machines (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Harvesting Machines For Root Crops (AREA)
  • Jib Cranes (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne une machine pour creuser des tranchées dans le sol, utilisée sous le nom de draîneuse en agriculture et de trancheuse pour les travaux publics.The present invention relates to a machine for digging trenches in the ground, used under the name of drainer in agriculture and trencher for public works.

Dans la description ci-après, le mot "trancheuse" doit être pris dans son sens le plus général et s'applique quelle que soit la puissance du moteur qui anime la machine. Il englobe donc aussi les machines appelées draîneuses.In the description below, the word "slicer" must be taken in its most general sense and applies regardless of the power of the engine which drives the machine. It therefore also includes machines called drainers.

On sait que le principe général de telles machines découle de celui des excavatrices.We know that the general principle of such machines follows from that of excavators.

Il est connu que dans les trancheuses, l'organe de creusement est constitué essentiellement d'un bâti-support, d'une flèche de creusement, d'une chaîne de creusement et d'un dispositif d'évacuation des terres.It is known that in trenchers, the digging member consists essentially of a support frame, a digging boom, a digging chain and a device for removing soil.

On connaît plusieurs types de machines pour creuser des tranchées dans le sol.Several types of machines are known for digging trenches in the ground.

Selon un premier type de machine qui a le mérite de la simplicité, la flèche de creusement bascule dans un plan vertical autour de l'arbre de transmission principal qui commande l'entraînement de la chaîne de creusement.According to a first type of machine which has the merit of simplicity, the digging boom tips in a vertical plane around the main drive shaft which controls the driving of the digging chain.

C'est par son basculement plus ou moins prononcé, c'est-à-dire par son angle d'attaque par rapport au sol, que la profondeur de travail se règle.It is by its more or less pronounced tilting, that is to say by its angle of attack relative to the ground, that the working depth is adjusted.

Cette réalisation a l'avantage de conduire à une structure simple de la flèche de creusement, mais elle présente de nombreux inconvénients, plus particulièrement à faible et moyenne profondeur de creusement.This embodiment has the advantage of leading to a simple structure of the digging boom, but it has many drawbacks, more particularly at low and medium digging depth.

En effet, dans ce cas, la flèche fait un angle très faible par rapport à l'horizontale, et le point de contact de la chaîne de creusement avec le sol se trouve reporté loin en arrière du véhicule.Indeed, in this case, the arrow makes a very small angle relative to the horizontal, and the point of contact of the digging chain with the ground is carried far back of the vehicle.

Il en résulte un déséquilibre de l'ensemble de la machine. En outre, une grande longueur de la chaîne de creusement est en contact avec le front d'attaque dans le sol, ce qui induit un effort résistant important dû aux frottements.This results in an imbalance of the whole machine. In addition, a long length of the digging chain is in contact with the leading edge in the ground, which induces a significant resistant force due to friction.

Corrélativement, il s'ensuit une usure prématurée de la chaîne de creusement, et une sollicitation mécanique importante, tant du point d'articulation de la flèche que du système de contrôle de la profondeur de creusement.Correlatively, this results in premature wear of the digging chain, and significant mechanical stress, both at the point of articulation of the boom and of the digging depth control system.

D'autres inconvénients apparaissent encore. Il s'agit plus particulièrement du contrôle de la profondeur de creusement rendu délicat par les répercussions du relief sur un bras de levier important maintenu en porte à faux.Other disadvantages also appear. This is more particularly the control of the digging depth made delicate by the repercussions of the relief on a large lever arm kept cantilevered.

Tous ces inconvénients concourent à la fragilité mécanique de l'ensemble de creusement.All these drawbacks contribute to the mechanical fragility of the digging assembly.

Le porte à faux de la flèche de creusement crée en outre un important balayage dans les courbes, ce qui tend à les accentuer et rend les manoeuvres délicates.The overhang of the digging arrow also creates a significant sweep in the curves, which tends to accentuate them and makes maneuvers delicate.

Selon un autre type de machine, de conception plus sophistiquée, la flèche de creusement fixée sur un parallélogramme déformable bascule dans un plan vertical, et attaque le sol, loin derrière le véhicule porteur.According to another type of machine, of a more sophisticated design, the digging boom fixed on a deformable parallelogram rocks in a vertical plane, and attacks the ground, far behind the carrier vehicle.

Ce système offre l'avantage de permettre le réglage séparé de l'angle d'attaque de la flèche et de la profondeur de creusement. Mais il présente les mêmes inconvénients que ceux du système décrit plus haut, concernant notamment le porte à faux de la flèche.This system has the advantage of allowing separate adjustment of the angle of attack of the boom and the digging depth. However, it has the same drawbacks as those of the system described above, in particular concerning the cantilever of the boom.

En outre, le parallélogramme est d'une structure complexe comportant de nombreux axes d'articulations et des vérins. Ces articulations sont soumises à la résultante des forces appliquées à la flèche et par conséquent à une grande fatigue. Enfin, lorsqu'il s'agit de creuser une tranchée de faible ou moyenne profondeur, le parallélogramme est situé très haut par rapport au sol.In addition, the parallelogram is of a complex structure comprising numerous axes of articulations and jacks. These joints are subjected to the result of the forces applied to the boom and therefore to great fatigue. Finally, when it comes to digging a shallow or medium depth trench, the parallelogram is located very high above the ground.

Il en résulte que son centre de gravité s'éloigne du sol, ce qui contribue au déséquilibre de l'ensemble de creusement. La fragilité due à la cinématique utilisée nécessite le renforcement de la structure, donc l'alourdissement de l'ensemble.As a result, its center of gravity moves away from the ground, which contributes to the imbalance of the digging assembly. The fragility due to the kinematics used requires the strengthening of the structure, therefore the weighting of the whole.

On connaît, d'après le US-A 2 692 446, une machine pour creuser des tranchées dans le sol, comprenant un véhicule porteur et tracteur, à l'arrière ou à l'avant duquel est fixée une flèche autour de laquelle est montée en rotation une chaîne de creusement, la flèche étant montée de façon coulissante dans un bâti formant fourreau monté à l'arrière du véhicule, ce bâti étant mobile entre une position de travail et une position inactive de transport dans laquelle la flèche est coulissée vers le haut et dégagée du sol.Known from US-A 2,692,446, a machine for digging trenches in the ground, comprising a carrier vehicle and tractor, at the rear or in front of which is fixed an arrow around which is mounted in rotation a digging chain, the boom being slidably mounted in a frame forming a sheath mounted at the rear of the vehicle, this frame being movable between a working position and an inactive transport position in which the boom is slid towards the high and clear of the ground.

En fait, le bâti est monté de façon amovible sur le véhicule et peut être démonté facilement. La flèche est mobile dans une direction sensiblement perpendiculaire au sol et est, dans sa position haute, dégagée du sol.In fact, the frame is removably mounted on the vehicle and can be removed easily. The boom is movable in a direction substantially perpendicular to the ground and is, in its high position, released from the ground.

Il est ainsi possible de régler librement la profondeur de creusement. Par contre, l'angle d'attaque de la flèche est invariable. L'amplitude du coulissement de la flèche par rapport au bâti est grande, et le bâti doit encaisser des couples importants.It is thus possible to freely adjust the digging depth. On the other hand, the angle of attack of the arrow is invariable. The amplitude of the sliding of the boom with respect to the frame is large, and the frame must withstand significant torques.

Dans tous les types de machines décrits ci-dessus, le véhicule doit supporter la totalité des efforts de creusement, ce qui entraîne une sollicitation mécanique importante des organes d'adaptation de la machine sur le véhicule.In all the types of machine described above, the vehicle must withstand all of the digging forces, which results in significant mechanical stress on the adaptation members of the machine on the vehicle.

La présente invention vise à pallier ces inconvénients en permettant d'assurer un contrôle parfait de l'angle d'attaque de la flèche de creusement par rapport au sol, et de la profondeur de creusement, d'optimiser les rendements et de diminuer l'effort résistant, quels que soient la nature du terrain, la profondeur de creusement ou l'angle d'attaque de la chaine de creusement.The present invention aims to overcome these drawbacks by ensuring perfect control of the angle of attack of the digging boom with respect to the ground, and of the digging depth, of optimizing the yields and reducing the resistant effort, whatever the nature of the ground, the digging depth or the angle of attack of the digging chain.

Suivant l'invention, la machine du type précité est caractérisée en ce que le bâti est fixé de façon articulée suivant un axe sensiblement horizontal sur le véhicule de façon à être relevé vers le véhicule dans la position de transport et abaissé vers le sol dans la position de travail, et en ce que, dans la position de travail, la partie inférieure de ce bâti prend appui sur le sol, la flèche est légèrement inclinée par rapport à la verticale et la partie inférieure de cette flèche est engagée dans le sol.According to the invention, the machine of the aforementioned type is characterized in that the frame is hingedly fixed along a substantially horizontal axis on the vehicle so as to be raised towards the vehicle in the transport position and lowered towards the ground in the working position, and in that, in the working position, the lower part of this frame bears on the ground, the arrow is slightly inclined relative to the vertical and the lower part of this arrow is engaged in the ground.

Ainsi, lorsque le bâti est en position de service, sa partie inférieure en appui sur le sol, on peut faire coulisser la flèche dans Is bâti selon la profondeur de creusement. Lors du creusement, les efforts tendent à accenter la force d'appui du bâti sur le sol, de sorte que c'est le sol qui encaisse la majeure partie de ces efforts et non le véhicuie porteur.Thus, when the frame is in the service position, its lower part resting on the ground, the boom can be made to slide in the frame according to the digging depth. When digging, the efforts tend to accentuate the bearing force of the frame on the ground, so that it is the ground which collects most of these efforts and not the carrier vehicle.

Etant donné qu'en position de service, la flèche est presque verticale, le bras de levier compris entre cette flèche et l'axe d'articulation du bâti au véhicule peut être très court, de sorte que l'ensemble est à la fois compact et très rigide.Since the boom is almost vertical in the operating position, the lever arm between this boom and the articulation axis of the frame to the vehicle can be very short, so that the assembly is both compact and very rigid.

La partie du bâti formant fourreau pour le coulissement de la flèche assure un guidage précis et robuste de cette dernière, tout en protégeant efficacement cette flèche à l'égard dé chocs mécaniques et protégeant également le personnel travaillant à proximité de la machine.The part of the frame forming the sheath for the sliding of the boom ensures precise and robust guidance of the latter, while effectively protecting this boom with respect to mechanical shocks and also protecting the personnel working near the machine.

Par ailleurs, en position active et inactive, le porte à faux de la flèche est très réduit, de sorte que les manoeuvres dans les courbes sont très aisées.Furthermore, in the active and inactive position, the overhang of the boom is very small, so that the maneuvers in the curves are very easy.

Selon une version avantageuse de l'invention, la machine est caractérisée en ce qu'en position de service la flèche forme un angle compris entre 10 et 20° par rapport à la verticale, la partie inférieure de la flèche étant en arrière d'un plan vertical passant par la flèche relativement au sens de déplacement du véhicule.According to an advantageous version of the invention, the machine is characterized in that in the service position the arrow forms an angle of between 10 and 20 ° relative to the vertical, the lower part of the arrow being behind a vertical plane passing through the arrow relative to the direction of movement of the vehicle.

Cette disposition permet un creusement efficace quelle que soit la profondeur de creusement, une reprise optimale des efforts de creusement par l'appui sur le sol du bâti et un porte à faux réduit de l'ensemble.This arrangement allows effective digging whatever the digging depth, optimal recovery of digging forces by pressing on the ground of the frame and a reduced overhang of the assembly.

Selon une réalisation de l'invention, la machine est caractérisée en ce que le bâti est relié au véhicule par au moins un vérin agencé pour déplacer le bâti entre sa position de service et sa position inactive de transport.According to an embodiment of the invention, the machine is characterized in that the frame is connected to the vehicle by at least one jack arranged to move the frame between its service position and its inactive transport position.

Selon une version préférée de l'invention, la machine est caractérisée en ce que la flèche comporte un élément tubulaire de section rectangulaire et en ce que le bâti comprend une partie formant fourreau de section complémentaire dans laquelle est montée de façon coulissante l'élément tubulaire de la flèche.According to a preferred version of the invention, the machine is characterized in that the jib comprises a tubular element of rectangular section and in that the frame comprises a part forming a sheath of complementary section in which the tubular element is slidably mounted of the arrow.

Grâce à cette section de l'élément tubulaire de la flèche et à celle complémentaire de la partie formant fourreau, on obtient un guidage parfait du coulissement de la flèche à l'égard des efforts de flexion et de torsion subis par l'ensemble au cours du creusement.Thanks to this section of the tubular element of the arrow and to that complementary to the part forming a sheath, one obtains perfect guidance of the sliding of the arrow with respect to the bending and torsional forces undergone by the assembly during digging.

De préférence, la machine est caractérisée en ce que la partie inférieure du bâti présente deux patins parallèles orientés dans la direction de déplacement du véhicule et prenant appui sur le sol en position de service du bâti.Preferably, the machine is characterized in that the lower part of the frame has two parallel pads oriented in the direction of movement of the vehicle and bearing on the ground in the operating position of the frame.

Ces patins encaissent parfaitement les efforts d'appui du bâti sur le sol, tout en permettant à celui-ci de glisser facilement sur le sol lors du déplacement du véhicule porteur et tracteur.These pads perfectly absorb the support forces of the frame on the ground, while allowing it to slide easily on the ground when moving the carrier vehicle and tractor.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la machine est caractérisée en ce que le bâti présente sur son extrémité adjacente au véhicule, un tablier incliné vers l'arrière relativement au sens de déplacement du véhicule pour évacuer la terre.According to another characteristic of the invention, the machine is characterized in that the frame has on its end adjacent to the vehicle, an apron inclined towards the rear relative to the direction of movement of the vehicle to evacuate the earth.

Ce tablier permet de dégager latéralement la terre qui est ramenée vers le haut par la chaîne de creusement, de sorte que le déplacement vers l'avant du bâti portant la flèche n'est pas gêné par l'accumulation de la terre.This deck allows to laterally clear the earth which is brought up by the digging chain, so that the forward movement of the frame carrying the boom is not hampered by the accumulation of earth.

D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront encore dans la description ci-après.Other features and advantages of the invention will appear in the description below.

Aux dessins annexés donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs:

  • - la figure 1 est une vue schématique en élévation d'une machine de creusement conforme à l'invention, le bâti et la flèche étant en position de service,
  • - les figures 2 et 3 sont des vues schématiques partielles montrant la flèche à différentes profondeurs de creusement,
  • - la figure 4 est une vue schématique, montrant le bâti et la flèche en position relevée inactive,
  • - la figure 5 est une vue en perspective à plus grande échelle et avec arrachements du bâti et de la flèche,
  • - la figure 6 est une vue en coupe suivant le plan VI-VI de la figure 5,
  • - la figure 7 est une vue en élévation avec arrachements du bâti et de la flèche d'une variante de réalisation,
  • - la figure 8 est une vue analogue à la figure 7, d'une autre variante de réalisation.
  • - la figure 9 est une vue montrant une autre variante.
In the appended drawings given by way of nonlimiting examples:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic elevation view of a digging machine according to the invention, the frame and the boom being in the service position,
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are partial schematic views showing the boom at different digging depths,
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the frame and the arrow in the raised inactive position,
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view on a larger scale and with cutaway of the frame and of the boom,
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional view along the plane VI-VI of FIG. 5,
  • FIG. 7 is an elevation view with cutaway of the frame and the boom of an alternative embodiment,
  • - Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 7, of another alternative embodiment.
  • - Figure 9 is a view showing another variant.

Dans la réalisation de la figure 1, la machine pour creuser des tranchées dans le sol, comprend un véhicule 1 porteur et tracteur comportant un châssis inférieur 2 à l'arrière duquel est fixé une flèche 3 autour de laquelle est montée en rotation selon une boucle sans fin, une chaîne de creusement 4. Cette flèche 3 est montée de façon coulissante dans un bâti 5 formant fourreau fixé de façon articulée suivant un axe sensiblement horizontal X-X' à l'arrière du châssis 2 du véhicule 1.In the embodiment of Figure 1, the machine for digging trenches in the ground, comprises a vehicle 1 carrier and tractor having a lower frame 2 at the rear of which is fixed an arrow 3 around which is rotatably mounted in a loop endless, a digging chain 4. This arrow 3 is slidably mounted in a frame 5 forming a sheath fixed in an articulated fashion along a substantially horizontal axis XX 'behind the chassis 2 of the vehicle 1.

Le bâti 5 est mobile entre les deux positions suivantes:

  • - une position de travail (voir figures 1, 2, 3), dans laquelle la partie inférieure 5a de ce bâti 5 prend appui sur le sol 6, la flèche 3 est légèrement inclinée par rapport à la verticale et la partie inférieure de cette flèche 3 est engagée dans le sol 6, et
  • - une position inactive de transport (voir figure 4) dans laquelle le bâti 5 est relevé vers le véhicule 1 et la flèche 3 est coulissée vers le haut et dégagée du sol 6.
The frame 5 is movable between the following two positions:
  • - A working position (see Figures 1, 2, 3), in which the lower part 5a of this frame 5 rests on the ground 6, the arrow 3 is slightly inclined relative to the vertical and the lower part of this arrow 3 is engaged in soil 6, and
  • - an inactive transport position (see Figure 4) in which the frame 5 is raised towards the vehicle 1 and the arrow 3 is slid upwards and released from the ground 6.

On voit sur les figures 1 à 3, qu'en position de service la flèche 3 forme un angle a compris entre 10 et 20° par rapport à un plan vertical P perpendiculaire à la direction de déplacement D du véhicule 1, la partie inférieure de la flèche étant en arrière de ce plan vertical P relativement au sens de déplacement D du véhicule 1.It can be seen in FIGS. 1 to 3, that in the service position the arrow 3 forms an angle a of between 10 and 20 ° relative to a vertical plane P perpendicular to the direction of movement D of the vehicle 1, the lower part of the arrow being behind this vertical plane P relative to the direction of movement D of the vehicle 1.

Le bâti 5 est relié au véhicule 1 par deux vérins parallèles 7 (voir également figure 5) agencés pour déplacer le bâti 5 entre sa position de service (figures 1 à 3) et sa position inactive (figure 4).The frame 5 is connected to the vehicle 1 by two parallel jacks 7 (see also Figure 5) arranged to move the frame 5 between its operating position (Figures 1 to 3) and its inactive position (Figure 4).

Sur les figures 5 et 6, on voit que la flèche 3 comporte un élément tubulaire 8 en acier de section rectangulaire et le bâti 5 comprend une partie 9 format fourreau de section rectangulaire complémentaire dans laquelle est montée de façon coulissante et sans jeu l'élément tubulaire 8 de la flèche 3.In FIGS. 5 and 6, it can be seen that the arrow 3 comprises a tubular element 8 made of steel of rectangular section and the frame 5 comprises a sleeve-shaped part 9 of complementary rectangular section in which the element is slidably mounted and without play tubular 8 of boom 3.

Le bâti 5 comprend (voir figure 6) deux flasques parallèles 10, 11 dont l'extrémité avant est articulée au châssis 2 du véhicule suivant l'axe X-X'. La partie 9 formant fourreau est reliée aux deux flasques 10, 11 par deux plaques transversales 12, 13 formant entretoises.The frame 5 comprises (see FIG. 6) two parallel flanges 10, 11 the front end of which is articulated to the chassis 2 of the vehicle along the axis XX ′. The part 9 forming a sheath is connected to the two flanges 10, 11 by two transverse plates 12, 13 forming spacers.

L'élément tubulaire 8 de la flèche 5 comporte sur ses deux faces 8a, 8b perpendiculaires à la direction D de déplacement du véhicule 1 deux guides 14, 15 sur lesquels s'appuie la chaîne de creusement 4. Ces deux guides 14, 15 sont espacés des deux faces 8a, 8b précitées de l'élément tubulaire 8 et s'étendent de part et d'autre de la partie 9 formant fourreau du bâti en prenant appui de façon coulissante sur les faces extérieures du fourreau 9 situées dans le prolongement des plaques transversales 12, 13.The tubular element 8 of the arrow 5 has on its two faces 8a, 8b perpendicular to the direction D of movement of the vehicle 1 two guides 14, 15 on which the digging chain 4 is supported. These two guides 14, 15 are spaced from the aforementioned two faces 8a, 8b of the tubular element 8 and extend on either side of the part 9 forming the sheath of the frame by slidingly bearing on the external faces of the sheath 9 situated in the extension of the transverse plates 12, 13.

La chaîne de creusement 4 est engrenée avec une roue dentée 16 montée en rotation à l'extrémité supérieure de la flèche 3 qui est entraînée par un moteur hydraulique 17 et est montée autour d'un galet 18 tournant à la partie inférieure de la flèche 3. Le déplacement de la chaîne de creusement 4 est réalisé dans le sens de la flèche F (voir figure 5).The digging chain 4 is meshed with a toothed wheel 16 rotatably mounted at the upper end of the boom 3 which is driven by a hydraulic motor 17 and is mounted around a roller 18 rotating at the bottom of the boom 3 The displacement of the digging chain 4 is carried out in the direction of arrow F (see FIG. 5).

La partie inférieure du bâti 5 présente (voir figure 5) deux patins parallèles 5a orientés dans la direction D de déplacement du véhicule et prenant appui sur le sol 6 en position de service du bâti 5, comme indiqué sur les figures 1 à 3.The lower part of the frame 5 has (see FIG. 5) two parallel pads 5a oriented in the direction D of movement of the vehicle and bearing on the ground 6 in the service position of the frame 5, as indicated in FIGS. 1 to 3.

L'extrémité avant de chaque patin 5a est fixée de façon articulée à l'un des flasques 10, 11 du bâti, tandis que l'extrémité arrière est reliée au bâti 5 par un vérin 19. On voit également sur la figure 5 que le bâti 5 présente sur son extrémité adjacente au véhicule 1 un tablier 20 incliné vers l'arrière relativement au sens de déplacement D du véhicule, pour évacuer la terre.The front end of each shoe 5a is hingedly attached to one of the flanges 10, 11 of the frame, while the rear end is connected to the frame 5 by a jack 19. It can also be seen in FIG. 5 that the frame 5 has on its end adjacent to the vehicle 1 an apron 20 inclined towards the rear relative to the direction of movement D of the vehicle, for removing the earth.

L'extrémité du bâti 5 adjacente au véhicule 1 comprend en outre près du bord supérieur 20a du tablier 20 une plaque 21 inclinée vers l'avant relativement au sens de déplacement D du véhicule 1. Cette plaque 21 s'étend au-dessus d'un tablier d'évacuation 22 fixé à l'arrière du véhicule 1.The end of the frame 5 adjacent to the vehicle 1 also comprises, near the upper edge 20a of the deck 20, a plate 21 inclined towards the front relative to the direction of movement D of the vehicle 1. This plate 21 extends above an evacuation apron 22 fixed to the rear of the vehicle 1.

Le bâti 5 est relié à la flèche 3 par des moyens permettant de faire coulisser dans un sens ou dans un autre sens la flèche 3 par rapport au bâti 5.The frame 5 is connected to the arrow 3 by means making it possible to slide the arrow 3 in one direction or in another direction relative to the frame 5.

Dans la réalisation des figures 5 et 6, ces moyens comprennent un système de câble 23 fixé à la flèche 3, de poulies 24 et de cabestan 25 entraîné par un moteur hydraulique ou électrique.In the embodiment of Figures 5 and 6, these means comprise a cable system 23 fixed to the arrow 3, pulleys 24 and capstan 25 driven by a hydraulic or electric motor.

Dans la réalisation de la figure 7, ces moyens comprennent un système de roue sans fin 26 coopérant avec une crémaillère 27.In the embodiment of FIG. 7, these means comprise an endless wheel system 26 cooperating with a rack 27.

Dans la réalisation selon la figure 8, ces moyens comprennent un vérin 28 dont la tige 29 est reliée à la flèche 3 et dont le corps 30 est solidaire du bâti 5.In the embodiment according to FIG. 8, these means comprise a jack 28 whose rod 29 is connected to the arrow 3 and whose body 30 is integral with the frame 5.

On va maintenant décrire en référence aux figures 1 à 4, le fonctionnement de la machine conforme à l'invention.We will now describe with reference to Figures 1 to 4, the operation of the machine according to the invention.

Pour creuser une tranchée dans le sol 6, on fait pivoter le bâti 5 en actionnant les vérins 7 pour le mettre dans la position de service indiquée sur la figure 1. On fait coulisser la flèche 3 vers le bas pour qu'elle touche le sol 6 et on met la chaîne de creusement 4 en rotation. Cette chaîne de creusement 4 creuse le sol 6 en ramenant la terre vers le haut. Pour régler la profondeur de creusement, il suffit de faire coulisser la flèche 3 vers le bas jusqu'à ce que la profondeur désirée soit atteinte.To dig a trench in the ground 6, the frame 5 is pivoted by actuating the jacks 7 to put it in the service position indicated in FIG. 1. The arrow 3 is slid down so that it touches the ground 6 and the digging chain 4 is rotated. This digging chain 4 digs the soil 6 by bringing the earth up. To adjust the digging depth, simply slide the arrow 3 down until the desired depth is reached.

Pour obtenir une tranchée de profondeur constante, on fait avancer à vitesse régulière le véhicule tracteur 1.To obtain a trench of constant depth, the tractor vehicle 1 is moved forward at regular speed.

Lors du creusement, les efforts appliqués sur la flèche 3 tendent à faire pivoter le bâti 5 vers le bas. Ce mouvement est limité par les patins 5a qui prennent appui sur le sol 6 et qui encaissent ainsi les efforts précités.When digging, the forces applied to the arrow 3 tend to rotate the frame 5 downwards. This movement is limited by the pads 5a which bear on the ground 6 and which thus absorb the aforementioned forces.

Ces patins 5a permettent cependant au bâti 5 de glisser sur le sol 5a lors de l'avancement du véhicule I. L'angle a compris entre la flèche 3 et le plan vertical P est calculé pour optimiser les efforts appliqués sur le bâti 5 et la flèche 3.These pads 5a however allow the frame 5 to slide on the ground 5a during the advancement of the vehicle I. The angle between the arrow 3 and the vertical plane P is calculated to optimize the forces applied to the frame 5 and the arrow 3.

Etant donné le faible bras de levier constitué par le bâti pivotant 5 et la flèche 3 et le guidage coulissant assuré par la partie 9 formant fourreau, l'ensemble constitué par le bâti 5 et la flèche 3 présente une très grande résistance aux efforts de flexion et de torsion.Given the weak lever arm constituted by the pivoting frame 5 and the arrow 3 and the sliding guide provided by the part 9 forming a sheath, the assembly constituted by the frame 5 and the arrow 3 has a very high resistance to bending forces. and twist.

La terre remontée par la chaîne de creusement 4 est déflectée par les plaques 20 et 21 et retombe sur le tablier 22 qui l'évacue latéralement. L'inclinaison de la plaque 21 et celle du tablier 20 sont calculées pour obtenir une évacuation optimale de la terre.The earth raised by the digging chain 4 is deflected by the plates 20 and 21 and falls on the deck 22 which discharges it laterally. The inclination of the plate 21 and that of the deck 20 are calculated to obtain an optimal evacuation of the earth.

Lorsque la tranchée est terminée, il suffit de remonter la flèche 3 et de rabattre vers le véhicule 1 le bâti 5, comme indiqué sur la figure 4, pour que la flèche 3 ne soit plus en contact avec le sol. Etant donné le faible porte à faux que présente le bâti 5 et la flèche 3 à l'arrière du véhicule 1, les manoeuvres de ce dernier sont aisées dans les virages et l'équilibre du véhicule ne risque pas d'être compromis, notamment dans les pentes. Ce véhicule peut ainsi être relativement léger.When the trench is finished, it suffices to raise the arrow 3 and to fold the frame 5 towards the vehicle 1, as indicated in FIG. 4, so that the arrow 3 is no longer in contact with the ground. Given the low overhang presented by the frame 5 and the arrow 3 at the rear of the vehicle 1, the maneuvers of the latter are easy when cornering and the balance of the vehicle is not likely to be compromised, in particular in The hills. This vehicle can thus be relatively light.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples que l'on vient de décrire et on peut apporter à ceux-ci de nombreuses modifications sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.Of course, the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described and numerous modifications can be made to them without departing from the scope of the invention.

Ainsi, dans la variante représentée sur la figure 9, le système de coulissement de la flèche 3 dans la partie 9 formant fourreau du bâti 5 comprend deux pignons libres 32 et 33 solidaires du bâti 5, disposés de part et d'autre de la flèche 3 et munis de freins électromagnétiques ou hydrauliques à commande sélective (non représentés), et un pignon 34 situé à l'extrémité supérieure de la flèche 3, entraînant la chaîne de creusement 4 dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre.Thus, in the variant shown in Figure 9, the sliding system of the arrow 3 in the part 9 forming the sheath of the frame 5 comprises two free pinions 32 and 33 integral with the frame 5, arranged on either side of the arrow 3 and provided with electromagnetic or hydraulic brakes with selective control (not shown), and a pinion 34 located at the upper end of the arrow 3, driving the digging chain 4 in a clockwise direction.

Ainsi, lorsque le pignon 32 est freiné, la flèche 3 descend et à l'inverse, lorsque le pignon 33 est freiné, la flèche 3 monte.Thus, when the pinion 32 is braked, the arrow 3 descends and conversely, when the pinion 33 is braked, the arrow 3 rises.

Bien entendu, un dispositif tel qu'un système électromagnétique peut être prévu pour bloquer la flèche 3 dans le fourreau 9 du bâti 5.Of course, a device such as an electromagnetic system can be provided to block the arrow 3 in the sheath 9 of the frame 5.

Par ailleurs, le bâti 5 portant la flèche 3 au lieu d'être fixé à l'arrière du véhicule 1, pourrait être fixé à l'avant de celui-ci.Furthermore, the frame 5 carrying the arrow 3 instead of being fixed to the rear of the vehicle 1, could be fixed to the front of the latter.

Claims (12)

1. A trencher for digging trenches in the ground (6) comprising a carrying and traction vehicle (1) having secured to its rear or to its front a boom (3) around which a digging chain (4) is adapted to rotate, the boom (3) being disposed slidingly in a sleeve-like frame (5) fixed at the rear or at the front of the vehicle (1), said frame (5) being movable between an operative position and an inoperative transport position in which the boom (3) is slid upwards and disengaged from the ground, characterized in that the frame is fixed pivotably around a substantially horizontal axis (X-X) on the vehicle (1) so as to be raised up towards the vehicle (1) in the transport position and to be lowered down towards the ground (6) in the operative position, and in that, in said operative position, the bottom part of the frame bears on the ground (6), the boom (3) is at a reduced inclination to the vertical and the bottom part of the boom (3) is engaged in the ground (6).
2. A trencher according to claim 1, characterized in that in the operative position the boom (3) is at an angle (a) of from 10 to 20° to the vertical (P), the bottom part of the boom (3) being to the rear of 3 vertical plane extending through the boom relatively to the direction (D) of vehicle movement.
3. A trencher according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the frame (5) is connected to the vehicle (1) by at least one jack (7) adapted to move the frame (5) between its operative position and its inoperative transport position.
4. A trencher according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the boom (3) comprises a rectangular-section tubular element (9) and the frame (5) comprises a sleeve-like part (9) of companion cross-section, the tubular element (8) being slidingly received in the part (9).
5. A trencher according to claim 4, characterized in that the tubular element (8) of the boom (3) has on its two surfaces (8a, 8b) perpendicular to the direction (D) of vehicle movement, two guides (14, 15) on which the digging chain (4) bears, the two guides being spaced apart from the two aforesaid surfaces of the tubular element (8) and extending on either side of the sleeve-like part (9) of the frame.
6. A trencher according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the bottom part of the frame (5) has two parallel skids (5a) which extend in the direction (D) of vehicle movement and which bear on the ground (6) when the frame is in its operative position.
7. A trencher according to claim 6, characterized in that the front end of each skid (5a) is pivotally connected to the frame (5) whereas the rear end is connected thereto by way of a jack (19).
8. A trencher according to one of Claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the frame (5) has on its end near the vehicle (1) a panel (20) which is inclined rearwardly relatively to the direction (D) of vehicle movement for removing the earth.
9. A trencher according to claim 9, characterized in that the frame end near the vehicle (1) also has near the top edge (20a) of the panel (20) a plate (21) which is inclined forwardly relative to the direction (D) of vehicle movement.
10. A trencher according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the frame (5) is connected to the boom (3) by means enabling the bloom to slide relatively to the frame in either direction.
11. A trencher according to claim 10, characterized in that said means comprise a system of cables (23) and capstan (25) driven by a hydraulic or electric motor, a system comprising an endless wheel (26) and a rack (27) or a jack (28).
12. A trencher according to one of claims 1 to 11 characterized in that at least the part of the digging chain (4) disposed opposite the vehicle (1) and above the frame (5) is covered a guard hood (31).
EP86402523A 1985-11-18 1986-11-13 Machine for digging trenches into the ground Expired - Lifetime EP0225243B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8516983 1985-11-18
FR8516983A FR2590292B1 (en) 1985-11-18 1985-11-18 SLIDING BOOM MACHINE FOR MAKING TRENCHES OR DRAINING THE GROUND

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0225243A1 EP0225243A1 (en) 1987-06-10
EP0225243B1 true EP0225243B1 (en) 1990-01-03

Family

ID=9324897

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86402523A Expired - Lifetime EP0225243B1 (en) 1985-11-18 1986-11-13 Machine for digging trenches into the ground

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US (1) US4750280A (en)
EP (1) EP0225243B1 (en)
AU (1) AU591722B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1257615A (en)
DE (2) DE225243T1 (en)
FR (1) FR2590292B1 (en)

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JP3550936B2 (en) * 1997-04-08 2004-08-04 コベルコ建機株式会社 Excavation method of underground continuous ditch
ITTO980582A1 (en) * 1998-07-03 2000-01-03 Soilmec Spa EXCAVATION EQUIPMENT
US6249993B1 (en) 1999-10-01 2001-06-26 Caterpillar S.A.R.L. Trencher assembly utilizing a direct drive motor
AUPR343601A0 (en) * 2001-02-28 2001-03-29 Dickins, Philip Trenching machine
US6658768B1 (en) * 2001-05-19 2003-12-09 Wesley Allen Bainter Trencher
US7096609B2 (en) * 2003-02-04 2006-08-29 Wesley Allen Bainter Trencher unit
US7654017B2 (en) * 2008-05-09 2010-02-02 Allan Black Trenching attachment having an internal combustion engine
US8522461B2 (en) * 2008-12-04 2013-09-03 Dennis Kirian Lift and grade control apparatus for tractor trencher

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU591722B2 (en) 1989-12-14
DE3668022D1 (en) 1990-02-08
EP0225243A1 (en) 1987-06-10
US4750280A (en) 1988-06-14
DE225243T1 (en) 1987-10-15
AU6500786A (en) 1987-05-21
FR2590292A1 (en) 1987-05-22
CA1257615A (en) 1989-07-18
FR2590292B1 (en) 1988-01-15

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