EP0214108B1 - Gitterwerkabdeckung - Google Patents

Gitterwerkabdeckung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0214108B1
EP0214108B1 EP86830222A EP86830222A EP0214108B1 EP 0214108 B1 EP0214108 B1 EP 0214108B1 EP 86830222 A EP86830222 A EP 86830222A EP 86830222 A EP86830222 A EP 86830222A EP 0214108 B1 EP0214108 B1 EP 0214108B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rods
lattice
knot
plate
pyramidal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86830222A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0214108A1 (de
Inventor
Alfredo Gandolfi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT86830222T priority Critical patent/ATE58938T1/de
Publication of EP0214108A1 publication Critical patent/EP0214108A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0214108B1 publication Critical patent/EP0214108B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1927—Struts specially adapted therefor of essentially circular cross section
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1927—Struts specially adapted therefor of essentially circular cross section
    • E04B2001/193—Struts specially adapted therefor of essentially circular cross section with flattened connecting parts, e.g. ends
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1933—Struts specially adapted therefor of polygonal, e.g. square, cross section
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1924—Struts specially adapted therefor
    • E04B2001/1936—Winged profiles, e.g. with a L-, T-, U- or X-shaped cross section
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1957—Details of connections between nodes and struts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1975—Frameworks where the struts are directly connected to each other, i.e. without interposed connecting nodes or plates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/1981—Three-dimensional framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework
    • E04B2001/1984—Three-dimensional framework structures characterised by the grid type of the outer planes of the framework rectangular, e.g. square, grid
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/19—Three-dimensional framework structures
    • E04B2001/199—Details of roofs, floors or walls supported by the framework

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lattice covering structure having improved connections of its structural members. More particularly, this invention relates to a space grating covering structure made up of modular members of a pyramidal shape which can very easily be transported and assembled in situ with improved connections of their structural members, said structure being useful for covering large rooms or spaces preferably of a rectangular or a square plan.
  • three-dimensional lattices forming the covering are made up of two parallel plane lattices, one in the upper position and the other one below the first, such lattices being connected to each other by means of vertical rods or by rods at various slopes.
  • Said lattices which consist of straight rods concurring at the assembly knots or nodes do not have necessarily the same warping or member arrangement.
  • Such structural types represent the building systems of major employment for covering large areas, as they have remarkable properties of rigidity and static efficiency as well as of simplicity of the constructive procedures. Indeed, by employing such systems the external load is spread in all directions along said rods which are stressed mainly by axial stresses, bending moments being almost absent.
  • One of the covering types which are more known at the present time consists of a square base pyramid assembly wherein the apices are kepttogether by an orthogonal base lattice.
  • a lattice can be arranged in a direction parallel to the main sides of the structure or in such a way that angles are formed of various amplitudes between the rods of the upper and the lower lattices and the profile or outline of the structure itself.
  • the choice of the knot affects the proper constructive procedure aswell asthefinal strength of the whole structure. Therefore, the rod profile, the realization modes, the assembling operations and the cost of the structure all vary as a function of said knot.
  • MERO Trade Mark
  • the OKTAPLATTE (Tade Mark) system employs two hollow hemispheres made up of steel and welded with the interposition of a circular intermediate reinforcement disk, to which hemisphere the rods are fastened by welding at various slopes.
  • Such a system though easily used in the case of curved surfaces, has the drawbacks due to the high welding concentration at the knot and to the need of performing the construction operations in the building yard during the installation of the structure.
  • the PYRAMITEC Trade Mark
  • the PYRAMITEC Trade Mark
  • the upper coupling system of the single pyramidal members provided at points corresponding to the base edges of the same and having a bolt for each corner, give rise to the need for a further upper support means for the whole covering.
  • the connecting system of US-A-3,731,450 uses a single bolt for connecting two base frames at their corners to one another.
  • This connection is made by means of a block member welded to the corner formed by two adjacent T-shaped bars of the frame after having cut off the webs at each corner to facilitate attachment by welding said block member, each block member having a hole for connecting by the bolttwo adjacent block members of two pyramidal elements.
  • an additional upper system for supporting the covering must be provided, rendering thus remarkably more intricate the entire upper supporting and connecting system.
  • a system for connecting the vertix knot of a pyramidal member with a lower support lattice is disclosed.
  • Such a system provides a hollow tubular element, to which the four bracings of the pyramidal element are welded.
  • To said tubular element there are welded at right angle four short rods, to which are fastened by a bolt the ends of four diagonal rods.
  • This connection system is very intricated and expensive and could be hardly used for assembling in situ the pyramidal modules for forming a covering for large rooms.
  • a space lattice structure is proposed to that aim, which structure consists of pyramidal modules, the structural members that each single module is made up of being assembled before installation owing to the particular kind of realization of the lower and the upper connection members.
  • connection system to which the rods are welded which form the base as well as the pyramid diagonals, which system is successively in the assembling operations coupled to the corresponding system of the adjacent module and therefore to the supporting member of the whole covering and of a lower connection system that is made up of a plate to which a tubular member is welded, which member allows the diagonal rods to be connected through welding and, during installation, the connection inside the same by means of bolts of the pyramid to the rods forming the lower lattice.
  • a lattice modular structure consisting of a plurality of pyramidal members having an upper square-shaped base and a lower vertex knot, said pyramidal members being connected with one another at their corners, the vertex knots being fastened to diagonal rods of a supporting lower lattice, wherein the connection of two adjacent rods of each square-shaped base and of one diagonal rod of the pyramidal element is performed by welding thereto a connection element consisting of a vertical plate, from one side of which projects at a distance from the upper and lower plate edge a pair of horizontal crosspieces extending parallely to one another, and a central vertical crosspiece, said adjacent rods being welded to said horizontal and vertical crosspieces and said diagonal rods to the lower surface of the lower horizontal crosspiece, said vertical plate having a hole at each corner thereof for connecting to one another by bolts two adjacent connection elements, a third hole being provided in the middle point between the two upper holes for fastening a member for supporting an element provided for bearing
  • the rods forming the base of the pyramidal members have a square cross section and the rods forming the diagonal member have a circular cross section. Moreever, in order to obtain a higher rigidity in the case of quite large covering spans, additional rods can also be provided arranged along the diagonals of the pyramid base.
  • said supporting means of the whole covering support are made up of two C-shaped members which are joined at their upper parts by a plate on which a tubular member is welded which is connected to the whole covering support.
  • said support means of the whole covering support are of variable height that decrease from the central part toward the edges of the structure.
  • the rods of the lower lattice are made up of tubular members which are squashed at the point corresponding to the connection with the apex of the pyramid and with the other rod at right angles concurring into the knot.
  • the pyramidal module 1 of the lattice structure according to the present invention is made up of four base rods 2 having a square cross section and of four diagonal rods 3 having a circular cross section.
  • the base rods 2 are coupled two by two through welding the same to a connection member 4 at a point corresponding to their joining edge which can be shaped in a suitable way.
  • the upper connection member 4 is made up of a plate 5 (see also Figure 6) which plate on the back side is designed for coupling with the corresponding member 4 and has on its front side two longitudinal crosspeices 6 and 7 which are parallel to each other and a vertical crosspiece 8, all such crosspieces defining the surface on which the single- rods 2 are welded whereas the vertical crosspiece 8 inserts between said two rods 2 converging at the knot.
  • the upper end of the corresponding diagonal rod 3 is welded on the lower surface of said crosspiece 7 of each connection member 4.
  • Three and two holes are provided respectively at points corresponding to the upper and the lower edges of the back plate member 5 for connecting the pyramidal members to each other and for fastening the support member (not shown) of the whole covering.
  • the four diagonal rods 3 are converging at the lower part into a knot plate 9 consisting of a flat member 10 and a tubular, square cross section member 11 (see also Figures 7 and 8) on whose side faces the ends of the rods 3 are welded at the centre position.
  • said flat member 10 can have a thickness of about 8-10 mm while said tubular member 11 can be of sizes between 80x80x3 mm and 100x100x3 mm.
  • the knot plate 9 has at the central point corresponding to the tubular member 11 a hole for passing the screw 12 for the connection of the member 1 with rods 13 that form the lower lattice. Such connection is made complete through a nut 14 and two washers 15 and 16.
  • Said circular cross section rods 13 are squashed at the connection point with the single members 1 so that said rods can be coupled easily.
  • pyramidal members 1 when installing the structure, pyramidal members 1 will be available as already assembled members comprising said four base rods and said diagonal rods 3 already connected by welding to the connection members 4 as well as to the knot plate 9 so that, in the assembling step of the structure, the only operations to be performed are the assembling operations of said pyramidal members 1 and the connection of the same with the members of the lower lattice and with the supports of the whole covering.
  • Figure 2 shows schematically as a plan view a kind of embodiment of the lattice structure of the present invention made up of the base rods 2 of the pyramid and of the rods 13 of the lower lattice as well as of the projections of the diagonal rods 3.
  • Figure 4 shows an assonometric view of a part of an assembled lattice structure, said part resting on the bearing member 17 arranged along the perimeter of the zone to be covered.
  • each pyramidal member is arranged two by two on the opposite edges along perpendicular lines which are respectively parallel to the rods 13 of the lower lattice.
  • Figure 5 shows the lattice structure as illustrated in Figure 4 wherein the supporting members or king-posts 18 of the purlins 19 of the covering 20 are fastened to the upper connections 4.
  • Said supporting members 18 are fastened to said member 4 by means of a bolt passing through the central hole of the three holes provided in the upper edge of said plate member 5 of said connection member 4 (see Figures 1 and 4).
  • Said supporting members or king-posts 18, consisting of two C-shaped members spaced from each other, are joined at their upper parts through a plate 21 on which a tubular member 22 is arranged.
  • Said two back plates 5, coupled by two adjacent connection members 4, are inserted between said two C-shaped members, while one of said purlins 19 is coupled to said tubular member 22.
  • Said king-posts 18 will be of gradually decreasing height from the centre of the structure toward its peripheral part so as to give the covering the desired slope.
  • Figure 9 shows finally the rods 23 arranged on the diagonals of the base of said pyramidal member 1.
  • the employment of said rods 23 allows the commercially available profiles for the upper rods 2 to be employed in the case of large covering spans (for instance, of 50x50 m).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Golf Clubs (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Fencing (AREA)

Claims (4)

1. Modulare Gitterstruktur zum Überdecken großer Räume oder Zwischenräume, umfassend eine Mehrzahl von pyramidenförmigen Teilen mit einer oberen rechteckförmigen, insbesondere quadratischen Basis (1) und einem unteren Scheitelknoten, wobei die pyramidenförmigen Teile miteinander an ihren Ecken verbunden sind und die Scheitelknoten an rohrförmigen diagonalen Stangen eines tragenden unteren Gitters vermittels einer Platte und eines einzelnen Verbindungsbolzens befestigt sind, der durch die Platte und die rohrförmigen Stangen verläuft, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindung von je zwei benachbarten Basisstangen (2) jeder rechteckförmigen Basis (1) und von einer zugehörigen Seitenstange (3) des pyramidenförmigen Elements durch Anschweißen eines Verbindungselements (4) ausgeführt ist, wobei dieses Verbindungselement eine vertikale Platte (5) umfaßt, von deren einer Seite in Abstand von der oberen und unteren Plattenkante ein Paar horizontaler und zueinander paralleler Kreuzstücke (6, 7) hervorsteht, und ferner ein mittleres, vertikales Kreuzstück (8) hervorsteht, wobei das vertikale Kreuzstück (8) in den Zwischenraum zwischen zwei benachbarten Basisstangen (2) hineinreicht und diese Basisstangen (2) an die horizontalen Kreuzstücke (6, 7) und an das vertikale Kreuzstück (8) angeschweißt sind, wobei weiter die Seitenstangen (3) an die untere Oberfläche des unteren horizontalen Kreuzstücks (8) angeschweißt sind, wobei weiter die vertikale Platte (5) ein Loch an jeder ihrer Ecken aufweist, um zwei benachbarte Verbindungselemente (4) durch Bolzen miteinander zu verbinden, wobei weiter ein drittes Loch in dem Mittelpunkt zwischen den zwei oberen Löchern vorgesehen ist, um ein Trageteil (18) für ein weiteres Tragelement zu befestigen das zum Tragen einer Abdeckung der modularen Gitterstruktur vorgesehen ist, wobei weiter die vier Seitenstangen (3) eines pyramidenförmigen Tiels in einem Scheitelknoten (9) zusammenlaufen und an ihren unteren Enden an je eine Seitenfläche eines in seinem Querschnitt rechteckigen, insbesondere quadratischen Anschlußteils (11) angeschweißt sind, das von einer horizontalen Platte (10) nach oben vorsteht, wobei weiter das Anschlußteil (11) ein zentrales vertikales Loch für den Durchgang eines Verbindungsbolzens (12) zum Verbinden des Scheitelknotens (9) mit einer Stange des unteren tragenden Gitters aufweist.
2. Modulare Gitterstruktur nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Trageteil (18) aus zwei C-förmigen vertikalen Elementen besteht, die in Abstand voneinander durch eine horizontale Platte (21) miteinander verbunden sind, auf die ein rohrförmiges Teil (22) geschweißt ist, wobei die zwei verbundenen vertikalen Platten (5) zwischen die C-förmigen Elemente eingesetzt und daran mittels eines Bolzens befestigt sind, der durch das dritte Loch der vertikalen Platte (5) verläuft, wobei das rohrförmige Teil (22) angepaßt ist, um mit einem weiteren Tragelement (19) verkuppelt zu werden, das zum Tragen der Abdeckung der aus modularen Gitterstruktur vorgesehen ist.
3. Modulare Gitterstruktur nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stangen des unteren tragenden Gitters aus rohrförmigen Elementen bestehen, die an dem Verbindungspunkt mit dem Scheitelknoten des pyramidenförmigen Teils zusammengedrückt sind und mit dem anderen dazu senkrechten Knoten an dem Scheitelknoten zusammentreffen.
4. Modulare Gitterstruktur nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die rechteckförmige Basis der pyramidenförmigen Teile mit diagonalen Balken versehen ist, um dessen Festigkeit zu erhöhen.
EP86830222A 1985-07-29 1986-07-28 Gitterwerkabdeckung Expired - Lifetime EP0214108B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86830222T ATE58938T1 (de) 1985-07-29 1986-07-28 Gitterwerkabdeckung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT4842085 1985-07-29
IT48420/85A IT1182796B (it) 1985-07-29 1985-07-29 Struttura di copertura e traliccio

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0214108A1 EP0214108A1 (de) 1987-03-11
EP0214108B1 true EP0214108B1 (de) 1990-12-05

Family

ID=11266438

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86830222A Expired - Lifetime EP0214108B1 (de) 1985-07-29 1986-07-28 Gitterwerkabdeckung

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0214108B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE58938T1 (de)
DE (1) DE3676014D1 (de)
IT (1) IT1182796B (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8703135D0 (en) * 1987-02-11 1987-03-18 Hemsworth J A Connector
GB9209651D0 (en) * 1992-05-05 1992-06-17 Asw Cubic Structures Limited Space frame structure
ES2129309B1 (es) * 1995-12-29 2000-02-01 Univ Coruna Estructura espacial de barras formada por modulos apilables de diagonales excentricas.
FR2746130B1 (fr) * 1996-03-18 1998-05-29 Enceinte de confinement d'une installation industrielle a risques et procede de fabrication d'une telle enceinte
ES2182607B1 (es) * 1999-05-13 2004-06-01 Universidade Da Coruña Estructura espacial de barras formada por modulos apilables de semioctaedros ensamblados por la diagonal.
CN107701909B (zh) * 2017-10-31 2023-05-19 北京建筑大学 可拼接结构单元、可拼接结构单元的组合

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3731450A (en) * 1969-08-14 1973-05-08 Chateau S Du Metal structure and sections
BE813544A (fr) * 1974-04-10 1974-07-31 Element de construction pour la realisation de charpentes metalliques spatiales et charpente obtenue.
NL7514237A (en) * 1975-12-05 1977-06-07 Bailey Constructiewerkplaats E Lattice:work assembly component for building - has vertical angle pieces at corners with bolt holes in transverse strips

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT1182796B (it) 1987-10-05
ATE58938T1 (de) 1990-12-15
EP0214108A1 (de) 1987-03-11
DE3676014D1 (de) 1991-01-17
IT8548420A0 (it) 1985-07-29

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