EP0207251B2 - Door closer - Google Patents

Door closer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0207251B2
EP0207251B2 EP86105855A EP86105855A EP0207251B2 EP 0207251 B2 EP0207251 B2 EP 0207251B2 EP 86105855 A EP86105855 A EP 86105855A EP 86105855 A EP86105855 A EP 86105855A EP 0207251 B2 EP0207251 B2 EP 0207251B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
closer
piston
toothed
door
axle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86105855A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0207251A2 (en
EP0207251A3 (en
EP0207251B1 (en
Inventor
Georg Scheck
Fritz Feucht
Ralf Dr. Storandt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Geze GmbH
Original Assignee
Geze Grundstuecks und Beteiligungs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6275117&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0207251(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Priority to AT86105855T priority Critical patent/ATE63597T1/en
Application filed by Geze Grundstuecks und Beteiligungs GmbH filed Critical Geze Grundstuecks und Beteiligungs GmbH
Priority to DE3645315A priority patent/DE3645315C5/en
Priority to DE3645137A priority patent/DE3645137C2/en
Priority to DE3645314A priority patent/DE3645314C5/en
Priority to DE3645313A priority patent/DE3645313C2/en
Priority to DE3638353A priority patent/DE3638353C3/en
Publication of EP0207251A2 publication Critical patent/EP0207251A2/en
Priority to EP87105520A priority patent/EP0243786B2/en
Priority to AT87105520T priority patent/ATE56500T1/en
Priority to JP62107894A priority patent/JPH0781453B2/en
Publication of EP0207251A3 publication Critical patent/EP0207251A3/en
Publication of EP0207251B1 publication Critical patent/EP0207251B1/en
Publication of EP0207251B2 publication Critical patent/EP0207251B2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F3/00Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
    • E05F3/04Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes
    • E05F3/10Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction
    • E05F3/104Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction with cam-and-slide transmission between driving shaft and piston within the closer housing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F3/00Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
    • E05F3/04Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes
    • E05F3/10Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F3/00Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
    • E05F3/04Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes
    • E05F3/10Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction
    • E05F3/102Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction with rack-and-pinion transmission between driving shaft and piston within the closer housing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F3/00Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
    • E05F3/04Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes
    • E05F3/10Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction
    • E05F3/106Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction with crank-arm transmission between driving shaft and piston within the closer housing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05FDEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F3/00Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
    • E05F3/22Additional arrangements for closers, e.g. for holding the wing in opened or other position
    • E05F3/225Additional arrangements for closers, e.g. for holding the wing in opened or other position mounted at the bottom of wings, e.g. details related to seals, covers, connections to the wings, embedding in the floor
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/40Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/499Spring tensioners; Tension sensors
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/60Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/622Suspension or transmission members elements
    • E05Y2201/688Rollers
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/60Suspension or transmission members; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/622Suspension or transmission members elements
    • E05Y2201/696Screw mechanisms
    • E05Y2201/70Nuts
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2600/00Mounting or coupling arrangements for elements provided for in this subclass
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2600/00Mounting or coupling arrangements for elements provided for in this subclass
    • E05Y2600/40Mounting location; Visibility of the elements
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2800/00Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
    • E05Y2800/10Additional functions
    • E05Y2800/12Sealing
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2800/00Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
    • E05Y2800/20Combinations of elements
    • E05Y2800/22Combinations of elements of not identical elements of the same category, e.g. combinations of not identical springs
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2800/00Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
    • E05Y2800/26Form or shape
    • E05Y2800/28Form or shape tubular, annular
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2800/00Details, accessories and auxiliary operations not otherwise provided for
    • E05Y2800/40Physical or chemical protection
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05YINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/10Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
    • E05Y2900/13Type of wing
    • E05Y2900/132Doors
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S16/00Miscellaneous hardware, e.g. bushing, carpet fastener, caster, door closer, panel hanger, attachable or adjunct handle, hinge, window sash balance
    • Y10S16/09Hydraulic actuated checks, closers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S16/00Miscellaneous hardware, e.g. bushing, carpet fastener, caster, door closer, panel hanger, attachable or adjunct handle, hinge, window sash balance
    • Y10S16/10Spring actuated checks and closers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a door closer according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Such a door closer is known from US-PS 28 90 474.
  • the inner piston is part of the hydraulic damping system.
  • the outer piston only interacts with the closer spring.
  • the gear elements are relatively complex cam disks with several pressure rollers. You build relatively large. Thanks to the independent control of the inner piston, a special damping characteristic with favorable closing and opening damping can be set.
  • the torque curve is largely determined by the outer piston, which interacts with the closer spring. An optimal torque curve and at the same time small design is not obtained with the known construction.
  • the gear elements drive the pistons in opposite directions. Furthermore, it is provided that the closing spring is guided on a hollow cylinder which is fixedly arranged in the closer housing and a slider serving as an abutment can be displaced in slots at the ends thereof in such a way that the slider which is facing the closer axis is connected by means of a roller to one on the closer axis is seated cam and the other slider is connected by a link to a crank which is mounted in the end of the housing opposite the closer axis and is non-positively connected to the closer axis by a chain drive.
  • This ensures that the torque acting on the closer axis has its maximum in the zero position, decreases rapidly in the area of the small opening angle, then remains approximately the same and finally gradually drops to zero at an opening angle of 180 degrees.
  • this known device has an extremely complex structure and, on the other hand, offers only limited possibilities with regard to the specification of a specific closing force curve.
  • the invention further relates to a door closer according to the preamble of claim 7.
  • Such a door closer is known from FR-PS 966 945. It has a closer housing hinged to the door.
  • the closer shaft is connected to an eccentrically mounted elliptical gear, which meshes with an oblique rack on the piston side.
  • This conventional elliptical gear due to the differently long lever arms of the elliptical gear, a gear ratio adapted to the closing force curve is obtained.
  • an optimal closing force curve with a compact design is not achieved.
  • the eccentricity is limited by the required minimum wall thickness of the pinion and, on the other hand, the transmission ratio is also determined by the elliptical pitch curve.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a door closer that delivers a favorable torque curve with a compact design.
  • the effective total closing torque can be varied within a wide range, depending on the opening angle via defined, different ratios that can be acted upon against the respective spring force, since the total closing torque results from the addition of the individual closing torques assigned to the two pistons and thus, for example, a proportionally increasing closing torque can be combined with a closing torque which is high at small opening angles and then decreases in a predefinable manner, so that, for example, in the area of small opening angles a correspondingly high total closing torque is selected and this total closing torque can then be reduced to a lower closing torque which is essentially constant over the entire opening angle.
  • the combination of the closing torques originating from the two pistons can generate an overall closing torque which also produces a fully satisfactory closing force curve when the closer axis or closer shaft is arranged relatively close to the door pivot bearing, surprisingly short guide rails can be used, which results in a particularly favorable visual appearance.
  • the two pistons are supported by a compression spring on a housing-fixed, in particular adjustable stop. Even if the preload of the two springs is changed by the adjustable stop, the overall characteristic specified by the gear elements is retained.
  • the closer axis or closer shaft is arranged in a corner region of the housing and is coupled to the gear elements having different transmission functions via an axially fixed gear wheel.
  • This arrangement enables an extremely low K value, the small transverse dimension being of particular importance.
  • the gearwheel assigned to the closer axis can be moved directly to the edge of the housing, and it is also possible to select different gearwheels in order to vary the force curve achieved.
  • the side K dimension for floor door closers for single-action doors can be 20 mm.
  • a door closer is provided with the features of claim 6, wherein the gear elements drive the two pistons in opposite directions and the compression spring is supported between the two pistons.
  • a rolling curve in the form of an "egg pointed at one end" is thus obtained, which, in conjunction with the sliding arm mechanism of the closer, guarantees an optimal torque curve at the door.
  • the curvature of the second pitch curve section is selected to be small, the desired steep drop in the torque curve in the region between small and large opening angles is obtained.
  • the relatively strong curvature of the third rolling curve section ensures that the relatively large moments are obtained over a small angular section at small opening angles, so that the door is pulled well and firmly into the lock and does not open automatically under the influence of wind.
  • With the weaker curvature of the first rolling curve section low, constant moments can be obtained at large opening angles over a relatively large range, which ensure good accessibility of the door.
  • eccentric mounting can also be provided when using a relatively thick pinion shaft, without the wall thickness of the pinion in the region of the shaft bearing becoming too small.
  • the axis of the eccentric pinion thus preferably runs in a region of the pinion which is arranged closer to the first rolling curve section than to the third rolling curve section.
  • the pitch curve of the toothed pinion consists of a plurality of directly intermeshing circular sections, the radii of which differ and the centers of which are offset from one another, with a first circular section associated with the large opening angles of the closer with radius R 1, a second, the middle one Opening angles of the normally open circle section with radius R 2, which is substantially larger than the radius R 1 of the first circular section; a third circular section assigned to the region of small opening angle with radius R 3, which is smaller than the radius R 1 of the first circular section.
  • a particularly good efficiency is obtained in versions in which the piston-side toothing assigned to the eccentric pinion runs in accordance with an elongated S-shaped rolling curve.
  • the steepness of the S-shaped pitch curve can be optimized by choosing the appropriate radius R 2. If the slope is too steep, the lateral force and thus the wall friction in the closer is too great. If the slope is too low, the drop in torque between small and larger opening angles becomes too small, making accessibility too poor.
  • a feature characterized by special compactness, low manufacturing costs and high operational reliability provides that the piston-side toothing is formed on a rack-shaped extension of the piston and this extension forms a wall section of the piston designed as a hollow piston, the eccentric pinion being located in the piston cavity.
  • the closer axis or closer shaft is arranged in a corner region of the housing and via two eccentric ones Pinion coupled with the toothing assigned to the piston. In this way, very high gear ratios can be achieved with an extremely compact structure without sacrificing functionality and operational reliability or service life.
  • the closer axis or closer shaft is coupled via an eccentric pinion to a center-symmetrically designed toothed segment which is pivotally mounted and is articulated via a connecting element with a piston which is related to a middle position corresponding to the closed position is under spring tension on both sides.
  • the closer axis is in turn preferably arranged in a corner region of the housing and connected to an eccentric pinion, which is connected via an eccentric toothed segment, the pivot axis of which is preferably in the housing half opposite the closer axis , and connected to the piston via a link member articulated on this toothed segment, which is biased by a spring against a first fixed stop and is movable up to a second fixed stop.
  • a double piston arrangement is provided in a closer housing 1, which is formed by an outer piston 5 designed as an annular piston and an inner piston 8 which is coaxial with it and passes through the annular piston and is guided by the annular piston.
  • a first compression spring 9 is assigned to the outer piston 5 and a second compression spring 10 is assigned to the inner piston 8. Both springs are preferably supported on a common, in particular adjustable stop 16.
  • the outer bulb 5 is sealed with respect to the housing wall by means of a seal 14, while a seal 13 is provided between the outer bulb and the inner bulb 8.
  • a plastic sleeve 12 held in the outer bulb 5 serves to protect the sliding surfaces.
  • the outer bulb 5 has at least one shoulder which extends in the direction of the housing end opposite the fixed stop for the springs 9, 10 and which is designed as a toothed rack 4.
  • This rack 4 meshes with a gear 3, which is rotatably connected to the closer axis 2.
  • the resulting lever arm between rack 4 and closer axis 2 is designated by the letter a.
  • control member 6 Also non-rotatably connected to the closer axis 2 is a control member 6, which cooperates with a fixed stop 7 designed as a roller on the inner piston 8.
  • the control member 6 is in the form of a cam disk, and the course of the cam outer surface, which interacts with the fixed stop 7, can be selected in accordance with the respectively required closing torque course.
  • the closer is in a position corresponding to a closed wing, and the fixed stop 7 lies against a contact surface 11 of the control member 6, in which a lever arm b results with respect to the closer axis 2.
  • This lever arm b can be larger than the lever arm a between gear 3 and rack 4.
  • a second closing torque can be generated via the cam-shaped control member 6 by the inner piston 8, which is large at small opening angles and then decreases in the course of increasing opening angles, and possibly drops so much that, at large opening angles, it is even opposite to the closing moment resulting from the outer bulb.
  • the outer piston is provided with spaced double toothed racks 4 and the control member 6 and the fixed stop 7 are located between these two toothed racks and the inner piston 8 via a support guide shoulder 22 on a corresponding one Sliding surface of the racks is guided. In this way, the forces occurring are optimally absorbed and wear and tear is minimized.
  • FIG. 2 The embodiment variant of the invention shown in FIG. 2 is intended for single-action doors in the same way as the embodiment according to FIG. 1. however specially designed as a floor closer.
  • the control member 6 has a modified outer contour that can generate a negative closing torque due to the reduction in the radius and thus the lever arm in the area assigned to the large opening angles.
  • the total torque, originating from the outer piston and inner piston, is still positive, but it is avoided by the contribution of the inner piston with a large opening angle that the compression spring 9 assigned to the outer piston 5 causes a further, no longer required increase in the closing torque.
  • k-dimension which should be as small as possible, is of particular importance for floor closers.
  • FIG. 3 A further embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 3, the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 1 and 2 also being used in this figure for the same elements.
  • a special control element 6 which is no longer designed as a pure cam disc, but instead consists of a disc element toothed on a partial area of its circumference, which engages with a toothed portion in the area of small opening angle in a toothed rack attachment 17 of the inner piston 8 and comes out of engagement from a predetermined opening angle.
  • the inner piston 8 is connected via a rigid or flexible connecting element 21 to an eccentric element 20 which is attached to the gear 3.
  • the connecting element 21 is articulated on the outer region of the eccentric 20. This articulation is carried out in such a way that when the closer axis moves counterclockwise and the wing is opened, the inner piston 8 is moved in the direction of the closer axis and thus in the opposite direction to the outer piston 5.
  • a compression spring 19 is provided, which takes over the function of the previously described two compression springs 9, 10 in this embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a toothed pinion 25 to be connected to a closer shaft, which meshes with toothing 27 that is fixed to the piston.
  • the pinion 25 has a pitch curve 26, which is composed of a first circular section with the radius R1, an adjoining circular section with the radius R2 and an in turn continuously adjoining circular section with the radius R3.
  • the middle pitch curve section with the radius R2 has the least curvature, i.e. the radius R2 is much larger than the radii R1 and R3.
  • the rolling curve section with the smallest radius R3 is in the schematic representation shown in engagement with the toothing 27, wherein the position shown corresponds to the opening angle zero of the closer, ie the associated door is closed. If the door is opened, then the spring force acting on the piston and thus on the toothed rack carrying the toothing 27 is effective via the lever arm A, ie a high closing force is available in the range of small opening angles. With a further opening of the door or with an increase in the opening angle, the lever arm decreases in accordance with the selected course of the rolling curves, down to the value B, which corresponds to the radius R 1 of the rolling curve 26 of the pinion. In the example shown in FIG. 5, the ratio of A to B is 2: 1. This ratio corresponds to the translation achieved.
  • the maximum pressure angle in an embodiment according to FIG. 5 is identified by ⁇ .
  • an eccentric pinion 30 is connected to the closer axis, which meshes with a further, rotatably mounted, eccentric pinion 25, which in turn is in engagement with a toothing 27 which is fixedly connected to the piston, in particular in the form of a rack.
  • the pitch curve 31 of the eccentric pinion 30 extends with respect to the axis of rotation such that the lever arms effective with respect to the pinion 25 change from the maximum value A3 to the minimum value B3 over the full opening angle of the closer.
  • the rolling curve 31 of the pinion 30 is assigned a rolling curve 29 on the pinion 25, which is indicated by dashed lines and extends approximately over half the circumference of the pinion 25.
  • the other half of the circumference of the pinion 25 has a rolling curve 26 which interacts with the toothing 27 and which in turn is associated with the very flat rolling curve 28 of the toothing 27.
  • the minimum effective radius of the pinion 25 is marked with B2 and the maximum effective radius with A2.
  • the translation ratio is determined from the product of the individual translations, ie in the present case from the product A3 B3 x A2 B2 x A1 B1 .
  • a ratio of, for example, 4.5 to 1 can be achieved without problems in practice.
  • Fig. 4 shows a partial sectional view of an overhead door closer designed according to the invention.
  • a piston 33 is arranged in the housing 1 and is biased in the usual way into the closed position by means of compression springs 34.
  • the piston 33 In its area facing away from the springs 34, the piston 33 has a recess or a cavity 32 in which an eccentric pinion 25, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the closer shaft, is arranged.
  • This pinion 25 is in engagement with a toothing 27 which is adapted with regard to its rolling curve to the corresponding rolling curve of the pinion 25.
  • a check valve 43 belonging to the damping device is provided in the area of the piston recess 32 on the spring side.
  • Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of the invention in the form of a floor door closer for swing doors.
  • the eccentric pinion 25 is arranged in a corner region of the housing 1 to achieve the most compact possible construction and is in engagement with a center-symmetrical tooth segment 35.
  • This tooth segment 35 is in the center articulated and connected to the piston 33 via a lever 36.
  • the lever 36 is hinged at both ends.
  • the piston 33 is provided with a rod 38 which carries an axially adjustable support and guide disk 39 in the region of its end. Between this support and guide plate 39 and a stop sleeve 37 directly adjacent to the piston 33 in the middle position, a compression spring 34 is arranged, which is acted upon depending on the direction of the pivoting movement of the associated swing door, on the one hand via the support and guide plate 39 when supported on the stop sleeve 37 and on the other hand by the stop sleeve 37 when supported on the support and guide sleeve 39 which is fastened to an adjustable sleeve 40 which on the one hand slidably receives the piston rod 38 and on the other hand from the outside of the housing in the axial direction can be adjusted.
  • the course of the closing force can in turn be predefined optimally.
  • Fig. 9 shows an embodiment of the invention in the form of a floor door closer for hinged doors.
  • the eccentric pinion 35 is in turn preferably arranged in a corner region of the housing and cooperates with an eccentric segment 41 which is pivotally mounted and is coupled to the piston 33 via a connecting rod 36.
  • the cup-shaped piston 33 is biased by a spring 34 against the bottom of the housing 1 and movable between this bottom and a housing stop 42.
  • the eccentricities or rolling curves of pinion 25 and toothed segment 21 can in turn be selected in accordance with the desired closing force curve.

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Abstract

A door closer is described in which transmission characteristics which change in dependence on the closing angle can be realized either by two pistons disposed coaxially within one another and displaceable relative to one another, or by eccentric toothed elements.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Türschließer gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a door closer according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Ein derartiger Türschließer ist aus der US-PS 28 90 474 bekannt. Der innere Kolben ist Teil des hydraulischen Dämpfungssystems. Der äußere Kolben wirkt lediglich mit der Schließerfeder zusammen. Bei den Getriebelementen handelt es sich um relativ kompliziert aufgebaute Nockenscheiben mit mehreren Druckrollen. Sie bauen relativ groß. Durch die unabhängige Steuerung des inneren Kolbens kann eine besondere Dämpfungscharakteristik mit günstiger Schließ- und Öffnungsdämpfung eingestellt werden. Der Momentenverlauf wird aber weitgehend durch den mit der Schließerfeder zusammenwirkenden äußeren Kolben bestimmt. Ein optimaler Momentenverlauf und gleichzeitig kleine Bauweise wird mit der bekannten Konstruktion nicht erhalten.Such a door closer is known from US-PS 28 90 474. The inner piston is part of the hydraulic damping system. The outer piston only interacts with the closer spring. The gear elements are relatively complex cam disks with several pressure rollers. You build relatively large. Thanks to the independent control of the inner piston, a special damping characteristic with favorable closing and opening damping can be set. The torque curve is largely determined by the outer piston, which interacts with the closer spring. An optimal torque curve and at the same time small design is not obtained with the known construction.

Aus der DE-GM 17 95 135 ist ein anderer Türschließer mit zwei relativ zueinander verschiebbaren Kolben bekannt. Bei diesem Türschließer ist die Druckfeder zwischen den beiden Kolben angeordnet.Another door closer with two pistons which are displaceable relative to one another is known from DE-GM 17 95 135. In this door closer, the compression spring is arranged between the two pistons.

Die Getriebeelemente treiben die Kolben gegenläufig an. Ferner ist vorgesehen, daß die Schließfeder auf einem fest in dem Schließergehäuse angeordneten Hohlzylinder geführt ist und in Schlitzen an den Enden derselben je ein als Widerlager dienendes Gleitstück in der Weise verschiebbar ist, daß das der Schließerachse zugekehrte Gleitstück mittels einer Rolle an einer auf der Schließerachse sitzenden Kurvenscheibe anliegt und das andere Gleitstück durch einen Lenker mit einer Kurbel verbunden ist, die in dem der Schließerachse entgegengesetzten Ende des Gehäuses gelagert und mit der Schließerachse durch einen Kettentrieb kraftschlüssig verbunden ist. Damit wird erreicht, daß das an der Schließerachse angreifende Drehmoment sein Maximum in der Null-Stellung hat, im Bereich der kleinen Öffnungswinkel rasch abnimmt, dann annähernd gleich bleibt und schließlich allmählich auf Null bei einem Öffnungwinkel von 180 Grad absinkt.The gear elements drive the pistons in opposite directions. Furthermore, it is provided that the closing spring is guided on a hollow cylinder which is fixedly arranged in the closer housing and a slider serving as an abutment can be displaced in slots at the ends thereof in such a way that the slider which is facing the closer axis is connected by means of a roller to one on the closer axis is seated cam and the other slider is connected by a link to a crank which is mounted in the end of the housing opposite the closer axis and is non-positively connected to the closer axis by a chain drive. This ensures that the torque acting on the closer axis has its maximum in the zero position, decreases rapidly in the area of the small opening angle, then remains approximately the same and finally gradually drops to zero at an opening angle of 180 degrees.

Diese bekannte Vorrichtung ist jedoch einerseits außerordentlich aufwendig aufgebaut und bietet andererseits nur geringe Möglichkeiten hinsichtlich der Vorgabe eines bestimmten Schließkraftverlaufs.On the one hand, this known device has an extremely complex structure and, on the other hand, offers only limited possibilities with regard to the specification of a specific closing force curve.

Ferner betrifft die Erfindung einen Türschließer gemäß Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 7.The invention further relates to a door closer according to the preamble of claim 7.

Aus der FR-PS 966 945 ist ein derartiger Türschließer bekannt. Er weist ein an der Tür angelenktes Schließergehäuse auf. Die Schließerwelle ist mit einem exzentrisch gelagerten elliptischen Zahnrad verbunden, das mit einer schrägen kolbenseitigen Zahnstange kämmt. Mit diesem herkömmlichen elliptischen Getriebe wird aufgrund der unterschiedlich langen Hebelarme des elliptischen Zahnrads eine dem Schließkraftverlauf angepaßte Übersetzung erhalten. Ein optimaler Schließkraftverlauf bei kompakter Bauweise wird jedoch nicht erreicht. Einerseits ist die Exzentrizität durch die erforderliche minimale Wandstärke des Ritzels begrenzt und andererseits ist das Übersetzungsverhältnis auch durch den elliptischen Wälzkurvenverlauf bestimmt.Such a door closer is known from FR-PS 966 945. It has a closer housing hinged to the door. The closer shaft is connected to an eccentrically mounted elliptical gear, which meshes with an oblique rack on the piston side. With this conventional elliptical gear, due to the differently long lever arms of the elliptical gear, a gear ratio adapted to the closing force curve is obtained. However, an optimal closing force curve with a compact design is not achieved. On the one hand, the eccentricity is limited by the required minimum wall thickness of the pinion and, on the other hand, the transmission ratio is also determined by the elliptical pitch curve.

Entsprechendes gilt für den aus der FR-PS 15 10 056 bekannten Schließer, dessen Gehäuse fest am Türblatt oder am Türrahmen montiert ist und ein kraftübertragendes Gestänge zwischen Tür und Rahmen aufweist. Dieser bekannte Schließer weist ein Getriebe mit zwei elliptischen Zahnrädern auf.The same applies to the closer known from FR-PS 15 10 056, whose housing is fixedly mounted on the door leaf or on the door frame and has a force-transmitting linkage between the door and frame. This known closer has a transmission with two elliptical gears.

Bei einem aus der US-PS 13 59 144 bekannten pneumatischen Türschließer mit kraftübertragendem Scherengestänge ist die Schließerwelle mit einem kreisrunden exzentrisch gelagerten Zahnritzel verbunden, das mit einer ungeraden Zahnstange am Kolben kämmt. Bei dem verwendeten Zahnritzel handelt es sich um ein herkömmliches kreisrundes Ritzel. Durch die exzentrische Lagerung werden zwar unterschiedliche Hebelarme wirksam. Ein optimaler Schließkraftverlauf bei kompakter Bauweise wird jedoch auch hier nicht erhalten.In a pneumatic door closer known from US Pat. No. 1,359,144 with a force-transmitting scissor linkage, the closer shaft is connected to a circular eccentrically mounted pinion which meshes with an odd toothed rack on the piston. The pinion used is a conventional circular pinion. Due to the eccentric bearing different lever arms are effective. However, an optimal closing force curve with a compact design is not obtained here either.

Dem Übersetzungsverhältnis des jeweiligen Schließers, das heißt dem momentanen Verhältnis der Drehwinkelgeschwindigkeit der Schließerwelle bzw. Schließerachse zur Drehwinkelgeschwindigkeit der Tür, muß in der Praxis große Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet werden, insbesondere dann, wenn an Schließer, seien es Oben-oder Bodentürschließer, besondere Anforderungen gestellt werden. Dies ist beispielsweise der Fall bei sogenannten Gleitarmschließern, bei denen über den Gleitarm ein relativ ungünstiges Übersetzungsverhältnis zwischen Tür und Türrahmen erhalten wird.In practice, great attention must be paid to the transmission ratio of the respective closer, that is to say the instantaneous ratio of the angular velocity of the closer shaft or closer axis to the angular velocity of the door, especially when special demands are made of closers, be they top or bottom door closers . This is the case, for example, with so-called slide arm closers, in which a relatively unfavorable transmission ratio between the door and door frame is obtained via the slide arm.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Türschließer zu schaffen, der bei kompakter Bauweise einen günstigen Momentenverlauf liefert.The object of the invention is to provide a door closer that delivers a favorable torque curve with a compact design.

Diese Aufgabe wird nach einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung durch einen Türschließer mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved according to a first embodiment of the invention by a door closer with the features of claim 1.

Durch die in Abhängigkeit vom Öffnungswinkel über definiert vorgebbare, unterschiedliche Übersetzungen entgegen der jeweiligen Federkraft beaufschlagbaren Kolben kann das jeweils wirksame Gesamt-Schließmoment in weiten Bereichen variiert werden, da sich das Gesamt-Schließmoment aus der Addition der den beiden Kolben zugeordneten Einzel-Schließmomente ergibt und somit beispielsweise ein proportional ansteigendes Schließmoment mit einem bei kleinen Öffnungswinkeln hohen und dann in vorgebbarer Weise abfallenden Schließmoment kombiniert werden kann, so daß beispielsweise im Bereich kleiner Öffnungswinkel ein entsprechend hohes Gesamt-Schließmoment gewählt und dieses Gesamt-Schließmoment dann auf ein niedrigeres, jedoch im wesentlichen über den gesamten Öffnungswinkel konstantes Schließmoment abgesenkt werden kann.The effective total closing torque can be varied within a wide range, depending on the opening angle via defined, different ratios that can be acted upon against the respective spring force, since the total closing torque results from the addition of the individual closing torques assigned to the two pistons and thus, for example, a proportionally increasing closing torque can be combined with a closing torque which is high at small opening angles and then decreases in a predefinable manner, so that, for example, in the area of small opening angles a correspondingly high total closing torque is selected and this total closing torque can then be reduced to a lower closing torque which is essentially constant over the entire opening angle.

Da im Falle der Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Schließers für Gleitarmschließer durch die Kombination der von den beiden Kolben herrührenden Schließmomente ein Gesamt-Schließmoment erzeugt werden kann, das auch dann einen voll zufriedenstellenden Schließkraftverlauf erbringt, wenn die Schließerachse bzw. Schließerwelle relativ nahe am Türschwenklager angeordnet ist, lassen sich überraschend kurze Führungsschienen verwenden, wodurch sich ein besonders günstiges optisches Erscheinungsbild ergibt.Since, in the case of the use of the closer according to the invention for slide arm closers, the combination of the closing torques originating from the two pistons can generate an overall closing torque which also produces a fully satisfactory closing force curve when the closer axis or closer shaft is arranged relatively close to the door pivot bearing, surprisingly short guide rails can be used, which results in a particularly favorable visual appearance.

Die beiden Kolben sind über eine Druckfeder an einem gehäusefesten, insbesondere verstellbar ausgebildeten Anschlag abgestützt. Selbst, wenn durch den verstellbaren Anschlag die Vorspannung der beiden Federn verändert wird, bleibt die durch die Getriebeelemente vorgegebene Geamt-Charakteristik erhalten.The two pistons are supported by a compression spring on a housing-fixed, in particular adjustable stop. Even if the preload of the two springs is changed by the adjustable stop, the overall characteristic specified by the gear elements is retained.

Nach einer für Bodentürschließer besonders vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Schließerachse bzw. Schließerwelle in einem Eckbereich des Gehäuses angeordnet und mit den unterschiedliche Übersetzungsfunktionen besitzenden Getriebeelementen über ein achsfestes Zahnrad gekuppelt. Diese Anordnung ermöglicht einen äußerst geringen K-Wert, wobei das geringe Quermaß von besonderer Bedeutung ist. Das der Schließerachse zugeordnete Zahnrad kann dabei direkt an den Gehäuserand verlegt werden, und es ist auch möglich, unterschiedliche Zahnräder zu wählen, um den erzielten Kräfteverlauf zu variieren. Beispielsweise kann das seitliche K-Maß bei Bodentürschließern für Anschlagtüren 20 mm betragen.According to an embodiment of the invention which is particularly advantageous for floor door closers, the closer axis or closer shaft is arranged in a corner region of the housing and is coupled to the gear elements having different transmission functions via an axially fixed gear wheel. This arrangement enables an extremely low K value, the small transverse dimension being of particular importance. The gearwheel assigned to the closer axis can be moved directly to the edge of the housing, and it is also possible to select different gearwheels in order to vary the force curve achieved. For example, the side K dimension for floor door closers for single-action doors can be 20 mm.

Bei einer alternativen Lösung der Erfindung ist ein Türschließer mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 6 vorgesehen, wobei die Getriebeelemente die beiden Kolben gegenläufig antreiben und die Druckfeder zwischen den beiden Kolben abgestützt ist.In an alternative solution of the invention, a door closer is provided with the features of claim 6, wherein the gear elements drive the two pistons in opposite directions and the compression spring is supported between the two pistons.

Eine alternative Lösung der Erfindung schafft einen Türschließer mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 7.An alternative solution of the invention creates a door closer with the features of claim 7.

Damit wird eine Wälzkurve in Form eines "einseitig spitzen Eies" erhalten, die auch in Verbindung mit der Gleitarmmechanik des Schließers einen optimalen Momentenverlauf an der Tür gewährleistet. Dadurch, daß die Krümmung des zweiten Wälzkurvenabschnitts klein gewählt ist, wird der gewünschte steile Abfall des Momentenverlaufs im Bereich zwischen kleinen und großen Öffnungswinkeln erhalten. Die relativ starke Krümmung des dritten Wälzkurvenabschnitts gewährleistet, daß bei kleinen Öffnungswinkeln die relativ großen Momente über einen kleinen Winkelabschnitt erhalten werden, so daß die Tür gut und fest in das Schloß gezogen wird und nicht unter Windeinfluß selbsttätig öffnet. Mit der schwächeren Krümmung des ersten Wälzkurvenabschnitts können bei großen Öffnungswinkeln über einen relativ großen Bereich niedrige, konstante Momente erhalten werden, die gute Begehbarkeit der Tür gewährleisten.A rolling curve in the form of an "egg pointed at one end" is thus obtained, which, in conjunction with the sliding arm mechanism of the closer, guarantees an optimal torque curve at the door. Because the curvature of the second pitch curve section is selected to be small, the desired steep drop in the torque curve in the region between small and large opening angles is obtained. The relatively strong curvature of the third rolling curve section ensures that the relatively large moments are obtained over a small angular section at small opening angles, so that the door is pulled well and firmly into the lock and does not open automatically under the influence of wind. With the weaker curvature of the first rolling curve section, low, constant moments can be obtained at large opening angles over a relatively large range, which ensure good accessibility of the door.

Dadurch, daß die Krümmung des ersten Wälzkurvenabschnitts kleiner als die Krümmung des dritten Wälzkurvenabschnitts ist, kann auch bei Verwendung einer relativ dicken Ritzelwelle entsprechend exzentrische Lagerung vorgesehen werden, ohne daß die Wandstärke des Ritzels im Bereich des Wellenlagers zu gering wird. Vorzugsweise verläuft also die Achse des exzentrischen Zahnritzels in einem Bereich des Zahnritzels, der näher dem ersten Wälzkurvenabschnitt als dem dritten Wälzkurvenabschnitt angeordnet ist.Due to the fact that the curvature of the first rolling curve section is smaller than the curvature of the third rolling curve section, eccentric mounting can also be provided when using a relatively thick pinion shaft, without the wall thickness of the pinion in the region of the shaft bearing becoming too small. The axis of the eccentric pinion thus preferably runs in a region of the pinion which is arranged closer to the first rolling curve section than to the third rolling curve section.

Vorzugsweise kann vorgesehen sein, daß die Wälzkurve des Zahnritzels aus mehreren unmittelbar ineinander übergehenden Kreisabschnitten, deren Radien unterschiedlich und deren Mittelpunkte gegeneinander versetzt sind, besteht, mit einem ersten, den großen Öffnungswinkeln des Schließers zugeordneten Kreisabschnitt mit Radius R 1, einem zweiten, den mittleren Öffnungswinkeln des Schließers zugeordneten Kreisabschnitt mit Radius R 2, der wesentlich größer ist als der Radius R 1 des ersten Kreisabschnitts; einem dritten, dem Bereich kleiner Öffnungswinkel zugeordneten Kreisabschnitt mit Radius R 3, der kleiner ist als der Radius R 1 des ersten Kreisabschnitts.It can preferably be provided that the pitch curve of the toothed pinion consists of a plurality of directly intermeshing circular sections, the radii of which differ and the centers of which are offset from one another, with a first circular section associated with the large opening angles of the closer with radius R 1, a second, the middle one Opening angles of the normally open circle section with radius R 2, which is substantially larger than the radius R 1 of the first circular section; a third circular section assigned to the region of small opening angle with radius R 3, which is smaller than the radius R 1 of the first circular section.

Ein besonders guter Wirkungsgrad wird bei Ausführungen erhalten, bei denen die dem exzentrischen Zahnritzel zugeordnete kolbenseitige Verzahnung entsprechend einer langgestreckten S-förmigen Wälzkurve verläuft. Die Steilheit der S-förmigen Wälzkurve kann durch die entsprechende Wahl des Radius R 2 optimiert werden. Bei zu großer Steilheit wird die Seitenkraft und damit die Wandreibung im Schließer zu groß. Bei zu geringer Steilheit wird der Momentenabfall zwischen kleinen und größeren Öffnungswinkeln zu gering und damit die Begehbarkeit zu schlecht.A particularly good efficiency is obtained in versions in which the piston-side toothing assigned to the eccentric pinion runs in accordance with an elongated S-shaped rolling curve. The steepness of the S-shaped pitch curve can be optimized by choosing the appropriate radius R 2. If the slope is too steep, the lateral force and thus the wall friction in the closer is too great. If the slope is too low, the drop in torque between small and larger opening angles becomes too small, making accessibility too poor.

Eine sich durch besondere Kompaktheit, günstige Fertigungskosten und hohe Betriebssicherheit auszeichnende Ausgestaltung sieht vor, daß die kolbenseitige Verzahnung an einer zahnstangenförmigen Verlängerung des Kolbens ausgebildet ist und diese Verlängerung einen Wandungsabschnitt des als Hohlkolben ausgeführten Kolbens bildet, wobei im Kolbenhohlraum das exzentrische Zahnritzel gelegen ist.A feature characterized by special compactness, low manufacturing costs and high operational reliability provides that the piston-side toothing is formed on a rack-shaped extension of the piston and this extension forms a wall section of the piston designed as a hollow piston, the eccentric pinion being located in the piston cavity.

Bei einer speziell für Bodentürschließer geeigneten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist die Schließerachse bzw. Schließerwelle in einem Eckbereich des Gehäuses angeordnet und über zwei exzentrische Zahnritzel mit der dem Kolben zugeordneten Verzahnung gekuppelt. Auf diese Weise lassen sich bei äußerst gedrängtem Aufbau sehr hohe Übersetzungsverhältnisse ohne Einbußen hinsichtlich der Funktionstüchtigkeit und Betriebssicherheit bzw. Lebensdauer erzielen.In a configuration of the invention which is particularly suitable for floor door closers, the closer axis or closer shaft is arranged in a corner region of the housing and via two eccentric ones Pinion coupled with the toothing assigned to the piston. In this way, very high gear ratios can be achieved with an extremely compact structure without sacrificing functionality and operational reliability or service life.

Nach einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung, die sich speziell zur Erzeugung der für Pendeltüren erforderlichen beidseitigen Schließbewegung eignet, ist die Schließerachse bzw. Schließerwelle über ein Exzenterritzel mit einem mittensymmetrisch ausgebildeten Zahnsegment gekuppelt, das schwenkbar gelagert und über ein Verbindungsorgan mit Kolben angelenkt ist, der bezüglich einer der Schließstellung entsprechenden Mittelposition beidseitig unter Federvorspannung steht.According to a further embodiment of the invention, which is particularly suitable for generating the double-sided closing movement required for swing doors, the closer axis or closer shaft is coupled via an eccentric pinion to a center-symmetrically designed toothed segment which is pivotally mounted and is articulated via a connecting element with a piston which is related to a middle position corresponding to the closed position is under spring tension on both sides.

Schließlich ist bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung, die speziell für Anschlagtüren geeignet ist, die Schließerachse wiederum vorzugsweise in einem Eckbereich des Gehäuses angeordnet und mit einem Exzenterritzel verbunden, das über ein Exzenter-Zahnsegment, dessen Schwenkachse sich vorzugsweise in der der Schließerachse gegenüberliegenden Gehäusehälfte befindet, sowie über ein an diesem Zahnsegment angelenktes Verbindungsorgan mit dem Kolben verbunden, der durch eine Feder gegen einen ersten Festanschlag vorgespannt und bis zu einem zweiten Festanschlag bewegbar ist.Finally, in a further embodiment of the invention, which is particularly suitable for hinged doors, the closer axis is in turn preferably arranged in a corner region of the housing and connected to an eccentric pinion, which is connected via an eccentric toothed segment, the pivot axis of which is preferably in the housing half opposite the closer axis , and connected to the piston via a link member articulated on this toothed segment, which is biased by a spring against a first fixed stop and is movable up to a second fixed stop.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in Unteransprüchen angegeben.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung näher erläutert; in der Zeichnung zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Längs-Teilschnittdarstellung eines nach der Erfindung ausgebildeten Türschließers,
Fig. 2
eine der Fig. 1 entsprechende Darstellung einer Bodentürschließer-Variante,
Fig. 3
eine schematische Längssschnittdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform,
Fig. 4
eine ebenfalls schematische Längsschnittdarstellung einer Ausführungsform mit gegenläufig angesteuerten Kolben,
Fig. 5
eine schematische Darstellung zur Erläuterung des Funktionsprinzips eines mit exzentrischem Zahnritzel arbeitenden Türschließers,
Fig. 6
eine schematische Darstellung zur Erläuterung einer insbesondere für Bodentürschließer geeigneten Ausführungsvariante mit hohem Übersetzungsverhältnis,
Fig. 7
eine schematische Teilschnittdarstellung einer Ausführungsform eines Obentürschließers,
Fig. 8
eine schematische Teilschnittdarstellung eines nach der Erfindung ausgebildeten Bodentürschließers für Pendeltüren, und
Fig. 9
eine schematische Teilschnittdarstellung eines nach der Erfindung ausgebildeten Bodentürschließers für Anschlagtüren.
The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawing; in the drawing shows:
Fig. 1
2 shows a schematic longitudinal partial sectional view of a door closer designed according to the invention,
Fig. 2
1 corresponding representation of a floor closer variant,
Fig. 3
2 shows a schematic longitudinal sectional illustration of a further embodiment,
Fig. 4
3 shows a likewise schematic longitudinal sectional illustration of an embodiment with pistons driven in opposite directions,
Fig. 5
1 shows a schematic illustration to explain the functional principle of a door closer working with an eccentric pinion,
Fig. 6
1 shows a schematic illustration to explain an embodiment variant with a high transmission ratio which is particularly suitable for floor door closers,
Fig. 7
2 shows a schematic partial sectional illustration of an embodiment of an overhead door closer,
Fig. 8
is a schematic partial sectional view of a floor door closer designed for swing doors according to the invention, and
Fig. 9
is a schematic partial sectional view of a floor door closer designed according to the invention for hinged doors.

Nach Fig. 1 ist in einem Schließergehäuse 1 eine DoppelKolbenanordnung vorgesehen, die von einem als Ringkolben ausgebildeten Außenkolben 5 und einem dazu koaxialen, den Ringkolben durchsetzenden und vom Ringkolben geführten Innenkolben 8 gebildet ist.According to FIG. 1, a double piston arrangement is provided in a closer housing 1, which is formed by an outer piston 5 designed as an annular piston and an inner piston 8 which is coaxial with it and passes through the annular piston and is guided by the annular piston.

Dem Außenkolben 5 ist eine erste Druckfeder 9 und dem Innenkolben 8 eine zweite Druckfeder 10 zugeordnet. Beide Federn sind vorzugsweise an einem gemeinsamen, insbesondere verstellbar ausgebildeten Anschlag 16 abgestützt.A first compression spring 9 is assigned to the outer piston 5 and a second compression spring 10 is assigned to the inner piston 8. Both springs are preferably supported on a common, in particular adjustable stop 16.

Der Außenkolben 5 ist bezüglich der Gehäusewandung mittels einer Dichtung 14 abgedichtet, während zwischen Außenkolben und Innenkolben 8 eine Dichtung 13 vorgesehen ist.The outer bulb 5 is sealed with respect to the housing wall by means of a seal 14, while a seal 13 is provided between the outer bulb and the inner bulb 8.

Eine im Außenkolben 5 gehalterte Kunststoffhülse 12 dient zum Schutz der Gleitflächen.A plastic sleeve 12 held in the outer bulb 5 serves to protect the sliding surfaces.

Der Außenkolben 5 besitzt zumindest einen, sich in Richtung des dem Festanschlag für die Federn 9, 10 gegenüberliegenden Gehäuseendes erstreckenden Ansatz, der als Zahnstange 4 ausgebildet ist. Diese Zahnstange 4 kämmt mit einem Zahnrad 3, das drehfest mit der Schließerachse 2 verbunden ist. Der sich zwischen Zahnstange 4 und Schließerachse 2 ergebende Hebelarm ist mit dem Buchstaben a bezeichnet.The outer bulb 5 has at least one shoulder which extends in the direction of the housing end opposite the fixed stop for the springs 9, 10 and which is designed as a toothed rack 4. This rack 4 meshes with a gear 3, which is rotatably connected to the closer axis 2. The resulting lever arm between rack 4 and closer axis 2 is designated by the letter a.

Ebenfalls drehfest mit der Schließerachse 2 verbunden ist ein Steuerglied 6, das mit einem als Rolle ausgebildeten Festanschlag 7 am Innenkolben 8 zusammenwirkt.Also non-rotatably connected to the closer axis 2 is a control member 6, which cooperates with a fixed stop 7 designed as a roller on the inner piston 8.

Das Steuerglied 6 besitzt die Form einer Nokkenscheibe, wobei der Verlauf der Nocken-Außenfläche, die mit dem Festanschlag 7 zusammenwirkt, entsprechend dem jeweils geforderten Schließmomentenverlauf gewählt werden kann.The control member 6 is in the form of a cam disk, and the course of the cam outer surface, which interacts with the fixed stop 7, can be selected in accordance with the respectively required closing torque course.

In der Darstellung nach Fig. 1 befindet sich der Schließer in einer einem geschlossenen Flügel entsprechenden Position, und dabei liegt der Festanschlag 7 an einer Anlauffläche 11 des Steuerglieds 6 an, bei der sich bezüglich der Schließerachse 2 ein Hebelarm b ergibt. Dieser Hebelarm b kann größer sein als der Hebelarm a zwischen Zahnrad 3 und Zahnstange 4.In the illustration according to FIG. 1, the closer is in a position corresponding to a closed wing, and the fixed stop 7 lies against a contact surface 11 of the control member 6, in which a lever arm b results with respect to the closer axis 2. This lever arm b can be larger than the lever arm a between gear 3 and rack 4.

Es ist ersichtlich, daß dann, wenn die Schließerachse beim Öffnen des jeweiligen Flügels im Gegenuhrzeigersinn gedreht wird, sowohl der Außenkolben 5 als auch der Innenkolben 8 gegen die jeweilige Kraft der Vorspannfeder 9, 10 verschoben werden. Auf die Schließerachse 2 wirkt dabei als Rückstellmoment die Summe der Einzelmomente, die von den beiden Kolben 5, 8 über ihre GetriebeÜbertragungsglieder 3, 4 bzw. 6, 7 ausgeübt werden.It can be seen that when the closer axis is rotated counterclockwise when the respective wing is opened, both the outer piston 5 and the inner piston 8 are displaced against the respective force of the biasing spring 9, 10. The sum of the individual torques acts on the closer axis 2 as the restoring torque, which are exerted by the two pistons 5, 8 via their transmission transmission members 3, 4 and 6, 7, respectively.

Während bei dem dargestellten Beispiel das von dem kolben herrührende Einzel-Schließmoment mit zunehmenden Öffnungswinkel linear ansteigen wird, kann über das nockenförmige Steuerglied 6 durch den Innenkolben 8 ein zweites Schließmoment erzeugt werden, das bei kleinen Öffnungswinkeln groß ist und dann im Verlauf zunehmender Öffnungswinkel abfällt, und ggf. so stark abfällt, daß es bei großen Öffnungswinkeln sogar gegensinnig zu dem vom Außenkolben herrührenden Schließmoment ist.While in the example shown the individual closing torque resulting from the piston will increase linearly with increasing opening angle, a second closing torque can be generated via the cam-shaped control member 6 by the inner piston 8, which is large at small opening angles and then decreases in the course of increasing opening angles, and possibly drops so much that, at large opening angles, it is even opposite to the closing moment resulting from the outer bulb.

Für die praktische Ausführung eines derartigen Schließers ist es von Vorteil, wenn der Außenkolben mit beabstandeten Doppel-Zahnstangenansätzen 4 versehen ist und das Steuerglied 6 sowie der Festanschlag 7 sich zwischen diesen beiden Zahnstangen befinden und der Innenkolben 8 über einen Stütz-Führungsansatz 22 auf einer entsprechenden Gleitfläche der Zahnstangen geführt ist. Auf diese Weise werden die auftretenden Kräfte optimal aufgenommen und Verschleißerscheinigungen minimiert.For the practical implementation of such a closer, it is advantageous if the outer piston is provided with spaced double toothed racks 4 and the control member 6 and the fixed stop 7 are located between these two toothed racks and the inner piston 8 via a support guide shoulder 22 on a corresponding one Sliding surface of the racks is guided. In this way, the forces occurring are optimally absorbed and wear and tear is minimized.

Die in Fig. 2 gezeigte Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung ist in der gleichen Weise wie die Ausführungsform nach Fig. 1 für Anschlagtüren bestimmt. jedoch speziell als Bodentürschließer ausgebildet.The embodiment variant of the invention shown in FIG. 2 is intended for single-action doors in the same way as the embodiment according to FIG. 1. however specially designed as a floor closer.

Das Steuerglied 6 besitzt dabei eine modifizierte Außenkontur, die aufgrund der Verringerung des Radius und damit des Hebelarms in dem großen Öffnungswinkeln zugeordneten Bereich ein negatives Schließmoment erzeugen kann. Das Gesamtmoment, herrührend von Außenkolben und Innenkolben ist dabei weiterhin positiv, aber es wird durch den Beitrag des Innenkolbens bei großem Öffnungswinkel vermieden, daß das durch das Komprimieren der dem Außenkolben 5 zugeordneten Druckfeder 9 ein weiteres, nicht mehr benötigtes Ansteigen des Schließmoments erfolgt.The control member 6 has a modified outer contour that can generate a negative closing torque due to the reduction in the radius and thus the lever arm in the area assigned to the large opening angles. The total torque, originating from the outer piston and inner piston, is still positive, but it is avoided by the contribution of the inner piston with a large opening angle that the compression spring 9 assigned to the outer piston 5 causes a further, no longer required increase in the closing torque.

Von besonderer Bedeutung bei Bodentürschließern ist das sog. k-Maß, das möglichst gering sein soll.The so-called k-dimension, which should be as small as possible, is of particular importance for floor closers.

Bei der Ausführungsvariante nach Fig. 2 ist es möglich, ein besonders kleines k-Maß in seitlicher Richtung zu erreichen, wozu die Drehachse 2 nahe an den Schließerrand und in einen Eckbereich des Schließers verlegt und die Schließerachse 2 über ein weiteres Zahnrad 15 mit den Getriebeelementen gekuppelt ist, welche in der im Zusammenhang mit Fig. 1 bereits beschriebenen Weise mit dem Außenkolben 5 und dem Innenkolben 8 zusammenwirken.2, it is possible to achieve a particularly small k dimension in the lateral direction, for which purpose the axis of rotation 2 is moved close to the closer edge and in a corner region of the closer and the closer axis 2 via a further gear wheel 15 with the gear elements is coupled, which cooperate with the outer piston 5 and the inner piston 8 in the manner already described in connection with FIG. 1.

Auf diese Weise ist es mit einem Minimum an Aufwand und dem wesentlichen Vorteil der weitgehend freien Vorgabe des Schließmomentenverlaufs möglich, ein k-Maß von 20 mm und ggf. noch weniger zu erreichen.In this way, it is possible to achieve a k-dimension of 20 mm and possibly even less with a minimum of effort and the essential advantage of the largely free specification of the closing torque curve.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist in Fig. 3 dargestellt, wobei auch in dieser Figur für gleiche Elemente die gleichen Bezugszeichen wie in den Fig. 1 und 2 verwendet sind.A further embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 3, the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 1 and 2 also being used in this figure for the same elements.

Unterschiedlich bei dieser Ausführungsform ist die Verwendung eines speziellen Steuergliedes 6, das nicht mehr als reine Nockenscheibe ausgeführt ist, sondern aus einem auf einem Teilbereich seines Umfangs verzahnten Scheibenorgan besteht, das mittels eines Zahnabschnitts im Bereich kleiner Öffnungswinkel in einen Zahnstangenansatz 17 des Innenkolbens 8 eingreift und ab einem vorgebbaren Öffnungswinkel außer Eingriff kommt.Different in this embodiment is the use of a special control element 6, which is no longer designed as a pure cam disc, but instead consists of a disc element toothed on a partial area of its circumference, which engages with a toothed portion in the area of small opening angle in a toothed rack attachment 17 of the inner piston 8 and comes out of engagement from a predetermined opening angle.

Die in Fig. 4 gezeigte Ausführungsvariante, bei der das im Falle der Verwendung als Bodentürschließer einzusetzende Zahnrad 17 strichliert angedeutet ist, werden Außenkolben und Innenkolben 8 gegenläufig betätigt. Der Außenkolben 5 ist in der bereits beschriebenen Weise mit der Schließerachse über ein Zahnrad 3 und eine Zahnstange 4 gekuppelt und wird bei zunehmenden Öffnungswinkel in der Zeichnung nach rechts bewegt.The embodiment shown in Fig. 4, in which the gear 17 to be used in the case of use as a floor door closer is indicated by dashed lines, the outer piston and inner piston 8 are actuated in opposite directions. The outer bulb 5 is coupled in the manner already described with the closer axis via a gear wheel 3 and a toothed rack 4 and is moved to the right as the opening angle increases in the drawing.

Der Innenkolben 8 ist über ein starres oder flexibles Verbindungselement 21 mit einem Exzenterorgan 20 verbunden, das am Zahnrad 3 befestigt ist. Das Verbindungselement 21 ist dabei am Außenbereich des Exzenters 20 angelenkt. Diese Anlenkung ist in der Weise vorgenommen, daß dann, wenn sich die Schließerachse im Gegenuhrzeigersinn bewegt und der Flügel geöffnet wird, der Innenkolben 8 in Richtung der Schließerachse und damit gegensinnig zum Außenkolben 5 bewegt wird. Zwischen Außenkolben 5 und einem Kolbenansatz 18 des Innenkolbens ist eine Druckfeder 19 vorgesehen, die bei dieser Ausführungsform die Funktion der bisher beschriebenen beiden Druckfedern 9, 10 übernimmt.The inner piston 8 is connected via a rigid or flexible connecting element 21 to an eccentric element 20 which is attached to the gear 3. The connecting element 21 is articulated on the outer region of the eccentric 20. This articulation is carried out in such a way that when the closer axis moves counterclockwise and the wing is opened, the inner piston 8 is moved in the direction of the closer axis and thus in the opposite direction to the outer piston 5. Between the outer piston 5 and a piston shoulder 18 of the inner piston, a compression spring 19 is provided, which takes over the function of the previously described two compression springs 9, 10 in this embodiment.

Fig. 5 zeigt in schematisierter Weise ein mit einer Schliesserwelle zu verbindendes Zahnritzel 25, das mit einer kolbenfesten Verzahnung 27 kämmt.5 schematically shows a toothed pinion 25 to be connected to a closer shaft, which meshes with toothing 27 that is fixed to the piston.

Das Zahnritzel 25 besitzt eine Wälzkurve 26, die aus einem ersten kreisförmigen Abschnitt mit dem Radius R₁, einem sich daran stetig anschließenden kreisförmigen Abschnitt mit dem Radius R₂ und einem sich daran wiederum stetig anschließenden kreisförmigen Abschnitt mit dem Radius R₃ zusammensetzt. Der mittlere Wälzkurvenabschnitt mit dem Radius R₂ besitzt die geringste Krümmung, d.h. der Radius R₂ ist wesentlich größer als die Radien R₁ und R₃.The pinion 25 has a pitch curve 26, which is composed of a first circular section with the radius R₁, an adjoining circular section with the radius R₂ and an in turn continuously adjoining circular section with the radius R₃. The middle pitch curve section with the radius R₂ has the least curvature, i.e. the radius R₂ is much larger than the radii R₁ and R₃.

Der Wälzkurvenabschnitt mit dem kleinsten Radius R₃ ist in der gezeigten schematischen Darstellung im Eingriff mit der Verzahnung 27, wobei die dargestellte Position dem Öffnungswinkel Null des Schließers entspricht, d.h. die zugeordnete Türe geschlossen ist. Wird die Türe geöffnet, so wird die auf den Kolben und damit auf die die Verzahnung 27 tragende Zahnstange wirkende Federkraft über den Hebelarm A wirksam, d.h. es steht im Bereich kleiner Öffnungswinkel eine hohe Schließkraft zur Verfügung.
Bei einem weiteren Öffnen der Türe bzw. bei einer Vergrößerung der Öffnungswinkels nimmt der Hebelarm entsprechend dem gewählten Verlauf der Wälzkurven ab, und zwar bis auf den Wert B, der dem Radius R₁ der Wälzkurve 26 des Zahnritzels entspricht. Im dargestellten Beispiel nach Fig. 5 beträgt das Verhältnis von A zu B gleich 2 : 1. Dieses Verhältnis entspricht der erreichten Übersetzung.
The rolling curve section with the smallest radius R₃ is in the schematic representation shown in engagement with the toothing 27, wherein the position shown corresponds to the opening angle zero of the closer, ie the associated door is closed. If the door is opened, then the spring force acting on the piston and thus on the toothed rack carrying the toothing 27 is effective via the lever arm A, ie a high closing force is available in the range of small opening angles.
With a further opening of the door or with an increase in the opening angle, the lever arm decreases in accordance with the selected course of the rolling curves, down to the value B, which corresponds to the radius R 1 of the rolling curve 26 of the pinion. In the example shown in FIG. 5, the ratio of A to B is 2: 1. This ratio corresponds to the translation achieved.

Durch geeignete Wahl des Verlaufs der Wälzkurve 26, die nicht notwendigerweise aus Kreissegmenten zusammengesetzt sein muß, kann ein sehr flacher Verlauf der Wälzkurve 28 der Verzahnung 27 erreicht werden, wobei der flache Verlauf einem kleinen Eingriffswinkel entspricht und damit eine Minimierung der sich auf die Führungswandung für die Verzahnung 27 auswirkenden Reibungskomponente erreicht wird.By a suitable choice of the course of the rolling curve 26, which does not necessarily have to be composed of circular segments, a very flat course of the rolling curve 28 of the toothing 27 can be achieved, the flat course corresponding to a small pressure angle and thus minimizing the impact on the guide wall the toothing 27 impacting friction component is reached.

Der maximale Eingriffswinkel bei einer Ausgestaltung entsprechend Fig. 5 ist mit α gekennzeichnet.The maximum pressure angle in an embodiment according to FIG. 5 is identified by α.

Die schematische Prinzip-Darstellung nach Fig. 6 zeigt eine besonders für Bodentürschließer geeignete Anordnung. Dabei ist mit der Schließerachse ein exzentrisches Zahnritzel 30 verbunden, das mit einem weiteren, drehbar gelagerten, exzentrischen Zahnritzel 25 kämmt, das wiederum in Eingriff steht mit einer mit dem Kolben fest verbundenen, insbesondere als Zahnstange ausgebildeten Verzahnung 27.6 shows an arrangement which is particularly suitable for floor door closers. In this case, an eccentric pinion 30 is connected to the closer axis, which meshes with a further, rotatably mounted, eccentric pinion 25, which in turn is in engagement with a toothing 27 which is fixedly connected to the piston, in particular in the form of a rack.

Die Wälzkurve 31 des exzentrischen Zahnritzels 30 verläuft bezüglich der Drehachse derart, daß die bezüglich des Zahnritzels 25 wirksamen Hebelarme sich von dem Maximalwert A₃ bis zum Minimalwert B₃ über den vollen öffnungswinkel des Schließers ändern.The pitch curve 31 of the eccentric pinion 30 extends with respect to the axis of rotation such that the lever arms effective with respect to the pinion 25 change from the maximum value A₃ to the minimum value B₃ over the full opening angle of the closer.

Der Wälzkurve 31 des Ritzels 30 ist am Ritzel 25 eine Wälzkurve 29 zugeordnet, die strichliert angedeutet ist und sich etwa über den halben Umfang des Ritzels 25 erstreckt. Die andere Hälfte des Umfangs des Ritzels 25 weist eine mit der Verzahnung 27 zusammenwirkende Wälzkurve 26 auf, der wiederum die sehr flach verlaufende Wälzkurve 28 der Verzahnung 27 zugeordnet ist.The rolling curve 31 of the pinion 30 is assigned a rolling curve 29 on the pinion 25, which is indicated by dashed lines and extends approximately over half the circumference of the pinion 25. The other half of the circumference of the pinion 25 has a rolling curve 26 which interacts with the toothing 27 and which in turn is associated with the very flat rolling curve 28 of the toothing 27.

Der minimal wirksam werdende Radius des Ritzels 25 ist mit B₂ und der maximal wirksam werdende Radius mit A₂ gekennzeichnet.The minimum effective radius of the pinion 25 is marked with B₂ and the maximum effective radius with A₂.

Die im Zusammenwirken von Ritzel 25 und Verzahnung 27 wirksam werdenden Übersetzungen sind mit A₁ und B₁ gekennzeichnet.The effective in the interaction of pinion 25 and teeth 27 translations are marked with A₁ and B₁.

Bei einer Verwendung dieser Ausführung ergibt sich ein besonders günstiges k-Maß von beispielsweise 20 mm, wobei für den Bodentürschließer von wesentlicher Bedeutung ist, daß trotz der sehr flach verlaufenden Wälzkurve 28 der Verzahnung 27 ein sehr hohes Übersetzungsverhältnis erzielt werden kann. Das Übersetzungsverhältnis bestimmt sich aus dem Produkt der Einzelübersetzungen, d.h. im vorliegenden Fall aus dem Produkt A₃ B₃ x A₂ B₂ x A₁ B₁ .

Figure imgb0001

Ein Verhältnis von beispielsweise 4,5 zu 1 ist in der Praxis problemfrei zu erreichen.When using this version, a particularly favorable k-dimension of, for example, 20 mm is obtained, it being essential for the floor closer that, despite the very flat rolling curve 28 of the toothing 27, a very high transmission ratio can be achieved. The translation ratio is determined from the product of the individual translations, ie in the present case from the product A₃ B₃ x A₂ B₂ x A₁ B₁ .
Figure imgb0001

A ratio of, for example, 4.5 to 1 can be achieved without problems in practice.

Zu erwähnen ist auch noch, daß die Eingriffsbereiche des Zahnritzels 25, d.h. die vorstehend als Wälzkurven bezeichneten Bereiche 26, 29 sich auch überlappen können.It should also be mentioned that the engagement areas of the pinion 25, i.e. the regions 26, 29 referred to above as pitch curves can also overlap.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Teilschnittdarstellung eines nach der Erfindung ausgebildeten Obentürschließers.
In dem Gehäuse 1 ist ein Kolben 33 angeordnet, der in üblicher Weise mittels Druckfedern 34 in die Schließstellung vorgespannt ist. Der Kolben 33 besitzt in seinem von den Federn 34 abgewandten Bereich eine Ausnehmung bzw. einen Hohlraum 32, in dem ein mit der Schließerwelle drehfest verbundenes exzentrisches Ritzel 25 angeordnet ist. Dieses Ritzel 25 steht im Eingriff mit einer hinsichtlich seiner Wälzkurve der entsprechenden Wälzkurve des Ritzels 25 angepaßten Verzahnung 27. Ein zur Dämpfungseinrichtung gehörendes Rückschlagventil 43 ist im Bereich der Kolbenausnehmung 32 federseitig vorgesehen.
Fig. 4 shows a partial sectional view of an overhead door closer designed according to the invention.
A piston 33 is arranged in the housing 1 and is biased in the usual way into the closed position by means of compression springs 34. In its area facing away from the springs 34, the piston 33 has a recess or a cavity 32 in which an eccentric pinion 25, which is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the closer shaft, is arranged. This pinion 25 is in engagement with a toothing 27 which is adapted with regard to its rolling curve to the corresponding rolling curve of the pinion 25. A check valve 43 belonging to the damping device is provided in the area of the piston recess 32 on the spring side.

Die mit durchgezogenen Linien gezeichnete Position des Kolbens 33 entspricht der Schließstellung. In dieser Position ist zwischen dem exzentrischen Ritzel 35 und der Verzahnung 27 der größte Hebelarm A wirksam.The position of the piston 33 drawn with solid lines corresponds to the closed position. In this position, the largest lever arm A is effective between the eccentric pinion 35 and the toothing 27.

Wird der dem Schließer zugeordnete Flügel in Öffnungsrichtung verschwenkt, dann bewegt sich der Kolben 33 aufgrund des Zusammenwirkens von Ritzel 25 und Verzahnung 27 in die strichliert dargestellte Position, wobei der Hebelarm ständig kleiner wird und schließlich in der mit 25' und 27' gekennzeichneten Position von Ritzel und Verzahnung den kleinsten Wert B erreicht.If the wing assigned to the closer is pivoted in the opening direction, then the piston 33 moves due to the interaction of pinion 25 and toothing 27 into the position shown in broken lines, the lever arm becoming smaller and smaller and finally in the position marked by 25 'and 27' Pinion and toothing reached the lowest value B.

Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist der flache Verlauf der Verzahnung 27 zu beachten, der sicherstellt, daß die Reibungskomponente zwischen Kolben 33 und Gehäuse 1 minimal bleibt.In this embodiment, the flat course of the toothing 27 must be observed, which ensures that the friction component between the piston 33 and the housing 1 remains minimal.

Fig. 8 zeigt eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung in Form eines Bodentürschließers für Pendeltüren. Dabei ist das exzentrische Ritzel 25 zur Erzielung eines möglichst kompakten Aufbaus in einem Eckbereich des Gehäuses 1 angeordnet und steht in Eingriff mit einem mittensymmetrischen Zahnsegment 35. Dieses Zahnsegment 35 ist mittig angelenkt und steht über einen Hebel 36 mit dem Kolben 33 in Verbindung. Der Hebel 36 ist beidendig schwenkbar angelenkt.Fig. 8 shows an embodiment of the invention in the form of a floor door closer for swing doors. The eccentric pinion 25 is arranged in a corner region of the housing 1 to achieve the most compact possible construction and is in engagement with a center-symmetrical tooth segment 35. This tooth segment 35 is in the center articulated and connected to the piston 33 via a lever 36. The lever 36 is hinged at both ends.

Der Kolben 33 ist mit einer Stange 38 versehen, die im Bereich ihres Endes eine axial verstellbare Stütz- und Führungsscheibe 39 trägt. Zwischen dieser Stütz- und Führungsscheibe 39 und einer in der Mittelstellung unmittelbar an den Kolben 33 angrenzenden Anschlaghülse 37 ist eine Druckfeder 34 angeordnet, die in Abhängigkeit von der Richtung der Schwenkbewegung der zugeordneten Pendeltür beaufschlagt wird, und zwar zum einen über die Stütz- und Führungsscheibe 39 bei Abstützung an der Anschlaghülse 37 und zum anderen durch die Anschlaghülse 37 bei Abstützung an der Stütz- und Führungshülse 39, die an einer verstellba-ren Hülse 40 befestigt ist, die einerseits die Kolbenstange 38 verschiebbar aufnimmt und andererseits von außerhalb des Gehäuses in Axialrichtung verstellt werden kann.The piston 33 is provided with a rod 38 which carries an axially adjustable support and guide disk 39 in the region of its end. Between this support and guide plate 39 and a stop sleeve 37 directly adjacent to the piston 33 in the middle position, a compression spring 34 is arranged, which is acted upon depending on the direction of the pivoting movement of the associated swing door, on the one hand via the support and guide plate 39 when supported on the stop sleeve 37 and on the other hand by the stop sleeve 37 when supported on the support and guide sleeve 39 which is fastened to an adjustable sleeve 40 which on the one hand slidably receives the piston rod 38 and on the other hand from the outside of the housing in the axial direction can be adjusted.

Durch gezielte Vorgabe der Abwälzkurven von Exzenterritzel 25 und Zahnsegment 35 kann wiederum der Schließkraftverlauf optimal vorgegeben werden.By specifically specifying the rolling curves of eccentric pinion 25 and toothed segment 35, the course of the closing force can in turn be predefined optimally.

Fig. 9 zeigt eine Ausführungsform der Erfindung in Form eines Bodentürschließers für Anschlagtüren.Fig. 9 shows an embodiment of the invention in the form of a floor door closer for hinged doors.

Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist das exzentrische Zahnritzel 35 wiederum bevorzugt in einem Eckbereich des Gehäuses angeordnet und wirkt mit einem Exzentersegment 41 zusammen, das schwenkbar gelagert und über eine Verbindungsstange 36 mit dem Kolben 33 gekuppelt ist. Der topfförmig ausgebildete Kolben 33 ist mittels einer Feder 34 gegen den Boden des Gehäuses 1 vorgespannt und zwischen diesem Boden und einem Gehäuseanschlag 42 bewegbar.
Die Exzentrizitäten bzw. Abwälzkurven von Zahnritzel 25 und Zahnsegment 21 können wiederum entsprechend dem gewünschten Schließkraftverlauf gewählt werden.
In this embodiment, the eccentric pinion 35 is in turn preferably arranged in a corner region of the housing and cooperates with an eccentric segment 41 which is pivotally mounted and is coupled to the piston 33 via a connecting rod 36. The cup-shaped piston 33 is biased by a spring 34 against the bottom of the housing 1 and movable between this bottom and a housing stop 42.
The eccentricities or rolling curves of pinion 25 and toothed segment 21 can in turn be selected in accordance with the desired closing force curve.

Allen Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist gemeinsam, daß sich eine technisch einfache und wirtschaftlich zu realisierende Konstruktion ergibt, wobei die exzentrischen Elemente ebenfalls kostengünstig herzustellen sind, da für jedes spezielle Element nur ein einziges Mal ein entsprechendes Räumwerkzeug bzw. eine entsprechende Form gefertigt werden muß.
Die stets erzielbare Kompaktheit des jeweiligen Schließers ist bei allen Ausführungsformen gepaart mit einem optimalen Verlauf des Gesamt-Schließmoments, das bestmöglich an den jeweiligen Einsatzzweck angepaßt werden kann.
All embodiments of the invention have in common that a technically simple and economically feasible construction results, the eccentric elements also being inexpensive to produce, since a corresponding broaching tool or shape has to be manufactured only once for each special element.
The compactness of the respective closer, which can always be achieved, is paired with an optimal course of the total closing torque in all embodiments, which can be adapted as best as possible to the respective application.

Claims (17)

  1. A door closer comprising a piston arrangement guided in a housing (1) and mechanically coupled with a rotatably journalled closer axle or closer shaft (2); at least one closer spring (9, 10) cooperating with the piston arrangement; and a hydraulic damping device; wherein the piston arrangement consists of two pistons (5, 8) which are coaxial and displaceable into and relative to one another, with the pistons being braced via at least one compression spring (9, 10) against an abutment (16) fixed on the housing, in particular an adjustable abutment; and wherein these two pistons (5, 8) are coupled with the closer axle or closer shaft (2) by means of separate transmission elements (3, 4; 6, 7) which have different transmission ratio functions, characterised in that
    the outer piston (5) which is formed as a ring piston is coupled by means of a toothed rack (4) with a gear wheel (3) secured to the closer axle or closer shaft (2); and in that the inner piston (8) which is guided in the ring piston is actuated via a control member (6) with a lever arm which changes in dependence on the particular angle of rotation of the closer axle or closer shaft (2), the control member (6) being likewise coupled to the closer axle or closer shaft (2).
  2. A door closer in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that the control member (6) is in particular formed as a cam disk and cooperates with a fixed abutment (7) on the inner piston (8), with the fixed abutment (7) being constructed in particular as a roller; in that the fixed abutment (7) is displaced relative to the axis of the piston to the side in the direction of the toothed rack (4); and in that the effective lever arm between the abutment (7) and the cam disk (6) is larger in the region of small angles of rotation than the effective lever arm between the toothed rack (4) and the associated gear wheel (3).
  3. A door closer in accordance with claim 2, characterised in that the cam disk (6) extends with a continuously changing radius essentially over an angular range of approximately 180 ° ; and in that the fixed abutment (7) contacts a run-up surface (11) of the cam disk in the position corresponding to the closed position of the door, with the run-up surface merging into the outer contour of the cam disk (6) via a region of the cam disk which has a smaller radius of curvature and which brings about a rapid enlargement of the lever arm.
  4. A door closer in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the closer axle or closer shaft (2) is arranged in a corner region of the housing and is coupled with the transmission elements (3, 4; 6, 7) having different transmission ratio functions via a gear wheel (15) fixed to the axle.
  5. A door closer in accordance with any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the control member (3) is toothed over part of its pivotal range and is coupled in this range with a toothed rack (17) connected to the inner piston (8).
  6. A door closer comprising a piston arrangement guided in a housing (1) and mechanically coupled with a rotatably journalled closer axle or closer shaft (2); at least one closer spring (9, 10) cooperating with the piston arrangement; and a hydraulic damping device; wherein the piston arrangement consists of two pistons (5, 8) which are coaxial and displaceable into and relative to one another, with the pistons being braced via at least one compression spring (9, 10); and wherein these two pistons (5, 8) are coupled with the closer axle or closer shaft (2) by means of separate transmission elements (3, 4; 6, 7) which have different transmission ratio functions, characterised in that
    the outer piston (5) which is formed as a ring piston is coupled by means of a toothed rack (4) with a gear wheel (3) secured to the closer axle or closer shaft (2); and in that the inner piston (8) which is guided in the ring piston is actuated via a control member (20, 21) with a lever arm which changes in dependence on the particular angle of rotation of the closer axle or closer shaft (2), the control member (20, 21) being likewise coupled to the closer axle or closer shaft (2);
    and in that an eccentric member (20) is provided as the control member and is coupled with the inner piston (8) via a connection element (21) which is pivotally coupled to the outer region of the eccentric member; in that the transmission elements (3, 4; 20, 21) drive the two pistons (5, 8) in opposite directions; in that a compression spring (19) is arranged between the two pistons; in that the inner piston (8) is provided at its end remote from the transmission elements with a support and guide projection (18), and in that the compression spring (19) is arranged between this projection (18) and the outer piston.
  7. A door closer comprising a piston (33) guided in a housing (1); at least one closer spring (34) cooperating with the piston and a hydraulic damping device; and a closer axle or closer shaft (2) mechanically coupled with the piston (33) via a transmission (25, 27, 30), wherein the transmission has at least one toothed pinion (25, 30) with effective lever arms (A, B; A2, B2; A3, B3) which are of differing length over its periphery, preferably an eccentric toothed pinion (25; 30), wherein the rolling curve (26, 31) of the toothed pinion (25, 30) consists of rolling curve sections of different curvature,
    with a first rolling curve section (R1) associated with large opening angles of the closer,
    with a second rolling curve section (R2) associated with medium angles of opening of the door closer and having a curvature (R2) which is substantially less pronounced than the curvature (R1) of the first rolling curve section,
    and with a third rolling curve section (R3) associated with the region of small angles of opening of the closer and having a curvature (R3) which is more pronounced than the curvature (R1) of the first rolling curve section, so that the effective lever arm of the toothed pinion (25; 30) is a maximum in the region of the zero position of the door, reduces on further opening of the door and achieves its minimum value at large opening angles of the door and then remains constant on further opening of the door.
  8. A door closer in accordance with claim 7, characterised in that the rolling curve (26) of the toothed pinion (25) consists of several segments of circles which merge directly into one another, with the radii (R1, R2, R3) of the segments of circles being different and with their centers being displaced relative to one another,
    with a first segment of a circle having a radius (R1) being associated with large angles of opening of the closer,
    with a second segment of a circle being associated with medium angles of opening of the door closer and having a radius (R2) which is substantially larger than the radius (R₁) of the first segment of a circle,
    and with a third segment of a circle being associated with the region of small angles of opening and having a radius (R3) which is smaller than the radius (R1) of the first segment of a circle.
  9. A door closer in accordance with claim 7 or claim 8, characterised in that the three rolling curve sections with the radii (R1, R2 and R3) continuously adjoin each other.
  10. A door closer in accordance with one of the claims 7 to 9, characterised in that the axle of the toothed pinion (25) extends in a region of the toothed pinion which is arranged closer to the first rolling curve section (R1) than the third rolling curve section (R3).
  11. A door closer in accordance with one of the claims 7 to 10, characterised in that the toothed pinion (25) is directly or indirectly coupled to the closer axle or closer shaft (2).
  12. A door closer in accordance with one of the claims 7 to 11, characterised in that the toothed arrangement (27) on the piston side associated with the toothed pinion (25) extends in accordance with an elongated S-shaped rolling curve (28).
  13. A door closer in accordance with claim 12, characterised in that the piston side toothed arrangement (27) is formed by a toothed rack-like extension of the piston (33); and in that this extension forms in particular a wall portion of the piston, which is executed as a hollow piston, with the toothed pinion (25) being arranged in the hollow chamber (32) of the piston.
  14. A door closer in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the closer axle or closer shaft (2) can be coupled with a closer arm, the free end of which is guided in a slide rail.
  15. A door closer in accordance with one of the claims 7 to 14, characterised in that the closer axle or closer shaft is arranged in a corner region of the housing (1) and is coupled via two eccentric toothed pinions (25, 30) with the toothed arrangement (27) associated with the piston, with the toothed pinion (25) which engages with the piston-side toothed arrangement (27) having a first eccentric rolling curve (26) associated with the piston-side toothed arrangement (27) and a second eccentric rolling curve (29) associated with the toothed pinion (30) connected to the closer axle.
  16. A door closer in accordance with one of the claims 7 to 15, characterised in that the closer axle or closer shaft is arranged in a corner region of the housing (1) and is coupled, in order to generate the closing movement to both sides necessary for swinging doors, via an eccentric pinion (25) with a toothed segment (35) which is of centrally symmetric construction, which is pivotally mounted, and which is pivotally connected to the piston (33) via a connecting member (36), with the piston being spring-biased on both sides with reference to a central position corresponding to the closed position.
  17. A door closer in accordance with one of the claims 7 to 15, characterised in that the closer axle or closer shaft is arranged in a corner region of the housing (1) and is connected to an eccentric pinion (25); with the eccentric pinion (25) being connected to the piston (33) via an eccentric toothed segment (41), the pivotal axis of which is located in the half of the housing opposite to the closer axle or closer shaft, and also via a connecting member (36) which is pivotally connected to this toothed segment (41), with the piston being biased by a spring against a first fixed abutment and being movable up to a second fixed abutment (42) in order to form a closer for rabetted doors.
EP86105855A 1985-07-05 1986-04-28 Door closer Expired - Lifetime EP0207251B2 (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86105855T ATE63597T1 (en) 1985-07-05 1986-04-28 DOOR CLOSER.
DE3645315A DE3645315C5 (en) 1986-04-28 1986-11-10 door closers
DE3645137A DE3645137C2 (en) 1986-04-28 1986-11-10 Door closer
DE3645314A DE3645314C5 (en) 1986-04-28 1986-11-10 door closers
DE3645313A DE3645313C2 (en) 1986-04-28 1986-11-10 Door closer
DE3638353A DE3638353C3 (en) 1985-07-05 1986-11-10 Door closer
EP87105520A EP0243786B2 (en) 1986-04-28 1987-04-14 Door closer
AT87105520T ATE56500T1 (en) 1986-04-28 1987-04-14 DOOR CLOSER.
JP62107894A JPH0781453B2 (en) 1986-04-28 1987-04-28 Door slow mover

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3524185 1985-07-05
DE19853524185 DE3524185A1 (en) 1985-07-05 1985-07-05 DOOR CLOSER

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0207251A2 EP0207251A2 (en) 1987-01-07
EP0207251A3 EP0207251A3 (en) 1987-05-06
EP0207251B1 EP0207251B1 (en) 1991-05-15
EP0207251B2 true EP0207251B2 (en) 1994-03-23

Family

ID=6275117

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86105855A Expired - Lifetime EP0207251B2 (en) 1985-07-05 1986-04-28 Door closer

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4744125A (en)
EP (1) EP0207251B2 (en)
JP (1) JPS6213677A (en)
AT (1) ATE63597T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3524185A1 (en)

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DE60028876T2 (en) 1999-02-04 2006-11-30 The Stanley Works, New Britain AUTOMATIC DOOR ARRANGEMENT AND AUTOMATIC DOOR OPERATOR FOR THIS
US6481160B1 (en) * 1999-02-04 2002-11-19 The Stanley Works Axial door operator
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3524185A1 (en) 1987-01-15
EP0207251A2 (en) 1987-01-07
EP0207251A3 (en) 1987-05-06
EP0207251B1 (en) 1991-05-15
US4744125A (en) 1988-05-17
JPS6213677A (en) 1987-01-22
ATE63597T1 (en) 1991-06-15
DE3679241D1 (en) 1991-06-20

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