EP0200002A1 - Agents d'encollage pour papier et leur application - Google Patents

Agents d'encollage pour papier et leur application Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0200002A1
EP0200002A1 EP86104329A EP86104329A EP0200002A1 EP 0200002 A1 EP0200002 A1 EP 0200002A1 EP 86104329 A EP86104329 A EP 86104329A EP 86104329 A EP86104329 A EP 86104329A EP 0200002 A1 EP0200002 A1 EP 0200002A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
agents
dispersions
rosin
polyaluminium
hydroxychlorides
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86104329A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0200002B2 (fr
EP0200002B1 (fr
Inventor
Awie Dr. Dipl.-Chem. Phau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chemische Fabrik Bruehl Oppermann GmbH
Original Assignee
Chemische Fabrik Bruehl Oppermann GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6267903&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0200002(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Chemische Fabrik Bruehl Oppermann GmbH filed Critical Chemische Fabrik Bruehl Oppermann GmbH
Priority to AT86104329T priority Critical patent/ATE40429T1/de
Publication of EP0200002A1 publication Critical patent/EP0200002A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0200002B1 publication Critical patent/EP0200002B1/fr
Publication of EP0200002B2 publication Critical patent/EP0200002B2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
    • D21H17/21—Macromolecular organic compounds of natural origin; Derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/62—Rosin; Derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
    • D21H17/63—Inorganic compounds
    • D21H17/66—Salts, e.g. alums

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to paper sizing agents based on rosin dispersions and their use for the production of sized papers, cardboards and cardboard as well as a process for the production of sized papers.
  • a process for sizing paper is known from EP-OS 0 099 547, in which aluminum polyhydroxychloride is used for the aqueous suspension of the fibers with the rosin dispersion and calcium carbonate can be used as filler. This process is carried out in the pH range of at least 7
  • the object of the invention is to develop new paper sizing agents based on rosin dispersions which, on the one hand, are based on the customary and inexpensive raw material, rosin, and, on the other hand, can be used in various pH ranges of the material mass which occur in practice, so that can be worked without alum or other additional retention aids or fixatives.
  • the new paper sizing agents should also be able to be used with inferior material qualities such as waste paper and wood-containing materials and still lead reliably and easily to perfectly sized products.
  • the invention has also set itself the task of simplifying the process for producing sized papers using rosin dispersions and polyaluminium hydroxychlorides as precipitants, and thereby being able to carry out the process more reliably and reproducibly.
  • the first object is surprisingly achieved by paper sizing agents, which are characterized in that they additionally contain polyaluminium hydroxychlorides and optionally retention and / or fixing agents and / or wet strength agents.
  • the paper sizing agents preferably contain the polyaluminium hydroxychlorides in a commercially available aqueous solution with a content of 8 to 20% by weight of aluminum oxide.
  • the total mixture preferably contains 5 to 50% by weight of such polyaluminium hydroxychloride solutions.
  • the further object of the invention namely to improve a process for the production of sized papers using rosin dispersions and polyaluminium hydroxychlorides as precipitants, is achieved in that the rosin dispersions are mixed with the polyaluminum hydroxychlorides before use.
  • the rosin dispersions used are either conventionally unreinforced rosin dispersion or the conventionally reinforced rosin size dispersions which are prepared from rosin or hydrocarbon resin modified with maleic anhydride or fumaric acid, usually with the addition of protective colloids or surface-active substances.
  • the proportion of this resin size dispersion in the paper size according to the invention is 10 to 60% by weight, preferably 30 to 50% by weight.
  • These rosin dispersions are commercially available and usually have a solids content of 10 to 50% by weight.
  • the new paper sizing agents preferably already contain retention and / or fixing agents and / or wet strength agents.
  • These additives generally consist of aqueous solutions or dispersions, for example of polyamine-epichlorohydrin resins, polyamide-epichlorohydrin resins, polyacrylamides, polyethyleneimines, condensation products of formaldehyde with urea or dicyandiamide or melamine or mixtures of these solutions and dispersions.
  • the proportion of these additives is 1 to 20% by weight, preferably 4 to 15% by weight. These are also mostly commercial products.
  • the polyaluminium hydroxychlorides are also commercial products that have so far been used in particular for the precipitation and flocculation of dissolved constituents of waste water. According to the abovementioned patents, it is also possible to use them as a precipitant instead of alum or as a retention agent in the case of artificial sizing agents. However, considerable difficulties and disruptions have been shown in practical testing. Surprisingly, however, it has now been found that these polyaluminium chlorides can be added to conventional rosin dispersions without the resin flocculating or precipitating out or completely useless mixtures being formed. Surprisingly, such mixtures are able to glue paper, cardboard and cardboard correctly and differentially in a wide pH range. The pH insensitivity is so great that even the addition of alum does not interfere, although according to the invention the use of alum can be dispensed with.
  • the paper sizing agents according to the invention are able to properly glue inferior starting materials such as waste paper and wood-containing fibers.
  • kaolin has primarily been used as a filler.
  • chalk ie calcium carbonate
  • This filler is sensitive to alum and acid, so that it leads to undesired reactions, sticking, precipitation and other malfunctions.
  • the paper sizes according to the invention can be used without problems at least in the pH range between 3.5 and 9.0. They are preferably used in the neutral area, since experience has shown that this area produces the optimal mechanical properties of the sized paper.
  • the paper sizes according to the invention have the further advantage that they can be produced ready for use.
  • the new paper sizing agents are stable for a sufficiently long time and, if desired, can be diluted with water in any ratio.
  • the new paper sizing agents are less corrosive, they lead to reduced deposits on the screen, in the felts and the other machine parts and do not form any foam in the fabric system.
  • the paper sizing agents according to the invention are preferably metered into the material stream continuously shortly before the headbox of the paper or board machine. With this method of working it is possible to switch off mechanical influences and to achieve a maximum sizing effect. This continuous dosing makes it possible to quickly influence the sizing effect if necessary. Sizing can thus be set very differently from half-sizing to full-sizing.
  • the production of the product according to the invention is relatively simple. It can be done, for example, by introducing the individual components into a stirred tank.
  • the order of adding the components is not critical.
  • the rosin dispersion (resin glue dispersion) is preferably initially introduced and then the solution of the polyaluminium hydroxychloride is fed in.
  • the third and further components namely retention aid, fixative and wet strength agent, are added to the mixture simultaneously or in succession with further stirring.
  • the paper sizes according to the invention are liquid and are in dispersion form.
  • the products according to the invention for sizing paper, cardboard and cardboard are used in the mass of material.
  • the point of addition can be between pulper or Dutch until just before the headbox.
  • the amount used is usually between 0.5 and 2% solid resin based on dry fiber.
  • the degree of sizing that can be achieved is then between 15 and 35 Cobb 50-
  • a paper sizing agent is produced with the addition of 50 g of a dispersion of formaldehyde and aliphatic amides (Levogen PNK / Bayer) or fixing agent (FP / BASF).
  • the dispersion is stable for at least 6 weeks.
  • a paper sizing agent is produced with the addition of 50 g of polyethyleneimines (Polymin types / BASF).
  • the dispersion is stable for at least 6 weeks.
  • Sample sheets were produced to test the effectiveness of the products described in Examples 1 to 4.
  • a cellulose was used which consisted of 50% bleached sulfite pulp and 50% bleached sulfate pulp. This material was beaten with city water, ground to 40 ° SR and brought to 2% consistency. With the addition of 20% chalk as filler and a corresponding amount of sizing agent according to Examples 1 to 4, the sample sheets were produced using a Rapid-Köthen device. The Cobb method (60 seconds) was used to check the degree of sizing. The results are summarized in the table below.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
EP86104329A 1985-04-13 1986-03-28 Agents d'encollage pour papier et leur application Expired - Lifetime EP0200002B2 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86104329T ATE40429T1 (de) 1985-04-13 1986-03-28 Papierleimungsmittel und ihre verwendung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3513249 1985-04-13
DE3513249 1985-04-13

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0200002A1 true EP0200002A1 (fr) 1986-11-05
EP0200002B1 EP0200002B1 (fr) 1989-01-25
EP0200002B2 EP0200002B2 (fr) 1993-10-27

Family

ID=6267903

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86104329A Expired - Lifetime EP0200002B2 (fr) 1985-04-13 1986-03-28 Agents d'encollage pour papier et leur application

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0200002B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE40429T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE3661948D1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2612961A1 (fr) * 1987-03-23 1988-09-30 Atochem Procede de fabrication du papier par adjonction a la suspension fibreuse d'une charge minerale, d'un agent de collage, d'amidon cationique et de polychlorure d'aluminium
EP0333368A2 (fr) * 1988-03-18 1989-09-20 Eka Nobel Ab Procédé pour l'encollage du papier
WO1990008852A1 (fr) * 1989-02-02 1990-08-09 Costas Poch Juan Jose Procede de production d'une colle reactive cationisee pour l'encollage de papier en masse ou en presse, et emulsion ainsi obtenue
US5167849A (en) * 1987-12-17 1992-12-01 Skw Trostberg Aktiengesellschaft Flocculation and/or fixing agent for paper sizing
DE4306557A1 (de) * 1993-03-03 1994-09-08 Chem Fab Bruehl Oppermann Gmbh Zusammensetzung zur Oberflächenleimung und ihre Verwendung
EP0750069A1 (fr) * 1995-06-23 1996-12-27 Chemische Fabrik Brühl Oppermann GmbH Agent pour la collage du papier et du carton et leur utilisation
US6380299B1 (en) 1998-01-26 2002-04-30 Krems Chemis Aktiengesellschaft Stable aqueous dispersions for sizing paper
US6436181B1 (en) 1998-04-14 2002-08-20 Kemira Kemi Ab Sizing composition and a method of sizing

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE897648C (de) * 1951-10-17 1953-11-23 Zschimmer & Schwarz Vormals Ch Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leimungsmitteln fuer Papiererzeugnisse und Faserplatten
GB2050453A (en) * 1979-05-23 1981-01-07 Tenneco Chem Chemical compositions useful in the manufacture of paper sizing agents
EP0123708A1 (fr) * 1983-05-02 1984-11-07 Klebstoffwerke Collodin Dr.Schultz & Nauth GmbH Agent d'encollage neutre pour des produits plats comprenant de la cellulose, procédé pour sa fabrication et son utilisation
GB2159183A (en) * 1984-03-20 1985-11-27 Roe Lee Paper Chemicals Limite Paper sizing composition
WO1986002677A1 (fr) * 1984-10-22 1986-05-09 Eka Nobel Aktiebolag Agent a pouvoir hydrophobe pour les fibres cellulosiques, son procede de preparation et son emploi pour rendre hydrophobe la pate

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE897648C (de) * 1951-10-17 1953-11-23 Zschimmer & Schwarz Vormals Ch Verfahren zur Herstellung von Leimungsmitteln fuer Papiererzeugnisse und Faserplatten
GB2050453A (en) * 1979-05-23 1981-01-07 Tenneco Chem Chemical compositions useful in the manufacture of paper sizing agents
EP0123708A1 (fr) * 1983-05-02 1984-11-07 Klebstoffwerke Collodin Dr.Schultz & Nauth GmbH Agent d'encollage neutre pour des produits plats comprenant de la cellulose, procédé pour sa fabrication et son utilisation
GB2159183A (en) * 1984-03-20 1985-11-27 Roe Lee Paper Chemicals Limite Paper sizing composition
WO1986002677A1 (fr) * 1984-10-22 1986-05-09 Eka Nobel Aktiebolag Agent a pouvoir hydrophobe pour les fibres cellulosiques, son procede de preparation et son emploi pour rendre hydrophobe la pate

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2612961A1 (fr) * 1987-03-23 1988-09-30 Atochem Procede de fabrication du papier par adjonction a la suspension fibreuse d'une charge minerale, d'un agent de collage, d'amidon cationique et de polychlorure d'aluminium
EP0285487A1 (fr) * 1987-03-23 1988-10-05 Elf Atochem S.A. Perfectionnement aux procédés de fabrication du papier
US5167849A (en) * 1987-12-17 1992-12-01 Skw Trostberg Aktiengesellschaft Flocculation and/or fixing agent for paper sizing
EP0333368A2 (fr) * 1988-03-18 1989-09-20 Eka Nobel Ab Procédé pour l'encollage du papier
EP0333368A3 (fr) * 1988-03-18 1991-03-27 Eka Nobel Ab Procédé pour l'encollage du papier
WO1990008852A1 (fr) * 1989-02-02 1990-08-09 Costas Poch Juan Jose Procede de production d'une colle reactive cationisee pour l'encollage de papier en masse ou en presse, et emulsion ainsi obtenue
DE4306557A1 (de) * 1993-03-03 1994-09-08 Chem Fab Bruehl Oppermann Gmbh Zusammensetzung zur Oberflächenleimung und ihre Verwendung
DE4306557C2 (de) * 1993-03-03 2000-08-10 Chem Fab Bruehl Oppermann Gmbh Verwendung einer Zusammensetzung zur Oberflächenleimung
EP0750069A1 (fr) * 1995-06-23 1996-12-27 Chemische Fabrik Brühl Oppermann GmbH Agent pour la collage du papier et du carton et leur utilisation
US6380299B1 (en) 1998-01-26 2002-04-30 Krems Chemis Aktiengesellschaft Stable aqueous dispersions for sizing paper
US6436181B1 (en) 1998-04-14 2002-08-20 Kemira Kemi Ab Sizing composition and a method of sizing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0200002B2 (fr) 1993-10-27
DE3661948D1 (en) 1989-03-02
EP0200002B1 (fr) 1989-01-25
ATE40429T1 (de) 1989-02-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE69206735T2 (de) Verfahren zur Papierherstellung
DE69434409T2 (de) Modifiziertes füllstoffmaterial für alkalisches papier und verfahren zu dessen verwendung in der herstellung von alkalischem papier
DE69026078T2 (de) Papierherstellung und so erzeugtes papier
DE68908972T2 (de) Verfahren zur Papierherstellung.
DE69406957T2 (de) Herstellung von gefülltem Papier
DE2731934A1 (de) Verfahren zum herstellen von papier oder dergleichen
DE3644072A1 (de) Beschwertes papier
DE69206409T2 (de) Verbessertes verfahren zum überziehen von alkylketendimeren auf titaniumdioxid.
DE69506799T2 (de) Verfahren zur herstellung von papier
DE69302587T2 (de) Wässerige zusammensetzungen für die leimung von papier
DE69408485T2 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung von Papier mit erhöhter Festigkeit im nassen und trockenen Zustand
DE69519231T2 (de) Verfahren zur erhöhung der festigkeit von papier
DE1546258B1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung gefuellter Papiere
DE69808437T2 (de) Papierleimung
DE68911626T2 (de) Verfahren zur Papierherstellung.
DE69808435T2 (de) Wässerige dispersionen von einem hydrophoben leimungsmittel
EP0200002B1 (fr) Agents d'encollage pour papier et leur application
EP0112525B1 (fr) Agent et procédé pour l'encollage neutre
DE2522306C3 (de) Cyclische, substituierte Dicarbonsäureanhydride enthaltendes Papierleimungsgemisch und dessen Verwendung
EP0187666B1 (fr) Procédé d'encollage interne dans la fabrication de papier, carton, panneaux et autres matériaux cellulosiques
WO2022129052A1 (fr) Procédé de séparation de matières fines cellulosiques contenues dans des suspensions fibreuses et/ou des filtrats
DE2115409A1 (de) Füllstoffe
EP0553135B1 (fr) Procede pour le collage en pile de papier et de cartons
DE3245390C1 (de) Mittel und Verfahren zur Neutralleimung
AT406492B (de) Wässrige papierleimungsmitteldispersionen und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

PUAB Information related to the publication of an a document modified or deleted

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009199EPPU

PUAF Information related to the publication of a search report (a3 document) modified or deleted

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009199SEPU

R17D Deferred search report published (corrected)

Effective date: 19861210

RA1 Application published (corrected)

Date of ref document: 19861210

Kind code of ref document: A1

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19861217

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19871013

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 40429

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19890215

Kind code of ref document: T

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 3661948

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19890302

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)
ET Fr: translation filed
PLBI Opposition filed

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009260

26 Opposition filed

Opponent name: KLEBSTOFFWERKE COLLODIN DR. SCHULTZ & NAUTH GMBH

Effective date: 19891003

Opponent name: AKZO N.V.

Effective date: 19890929

NLR1 Nl: opposition has been filed with the epo

Opponent name: KLEBSTOFFWERKE COLLODIN DR.SCHULTZ & NAUTH GMBH

Opponent name: AKZO N.V.

ITTA It: last paid annual fee
PUAH Patent maintained in amended form

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009272

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: PATENT MAINTAINED AS AMENDED

27A Patent maintained in amended form

Effective date: 19931027

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B2

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: AEN

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed
NLR2 Nl: decision of opposition
ET3 Fr: translation filed ** decision concerning opposition
GBTA Gb: translation of amended ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(b)/1977)
NLR3 Nl: receipt of modified translations in the netherlands language after an opposition procedure
EPTA Lu: last paid annual fee
EAL Se: european patent in force in sweden

Ref document number: 86104329.7

APAC Appeal dossier modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS NOAPO

APAC Appeal dossier modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS NOAPO

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20050307

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20050314

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20050317

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20050318

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20050322

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20050323

Year of fee payment: 20

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20050323

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Payment date: 20050325

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20050330

Year of fee payment: 20

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20050425

Year of fee payment: 20

APAH Appeal reference modified

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSCREFNO

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20060327

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF EXPIRATION OF PROTECTION

Effective date: 20060328

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: PE20

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed
NLV7 Nl: ceased due to reaching the maximum lifetime of a patent

Effective date: 20060328

BE20 Be: patent expired

Owner name: CHEMISCHE FABRIK BRUHL *OPPERMANN G.M.B.H.

Effective date: 20060328