EP0199632A1 - Fuel injection system for diesel engines - Google Patents

Fuel injection system for diesel engines Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0199632A1
EP0199632A1 EP86400761A EP86400761A EP0199632A1 EP 0199632 A1 EP0199632 A1 EP 0199632A1 EP 86400761 A EP86400761 A EP 86400761A EP 86400761 A EP86400761 A EP 86400761A EP 0199632 A1 EP0199632 A1 EP 0199632A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
needle
injector
solenoid valve
injection system
section
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP86400761A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jacques 1Delesalle
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Alsacienne de Constructions Mecaniques SA
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Alsacienne de Constructions Mecaniques SA
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Publication of EP0199632A1 publication Critical patent/EP0199632A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to internal combustion engines, in particular diesel engines, and it relates more particularly to an electronically controlled fuel injection system for such engines.
  • Engines are already known in which certain engine functions, in particular fuel injection, are controlled by an electronic control system comprising one or more computers which take into account various operating parameters of the engine to deliver electrical signals, some of which at least control the opening of the injectors, that is to say the raising of an injection needle in an injector body.
  • the supply pressures in the injectors being very high (for example more than 600 bars), it has not been possible until now to directly control the movements of opening and closing of the needle by an electro- magnet.
  • the known systems use a pilot solenoid valve which receives the electric control signal and which actuates a hydraulic switching member putting under high pressure or at low pressure a member, similar to a hydraulic cylinder piston, d actuation of the injector needle.
  • an electro-valve is used whose armature of the electromagnet is integral with a drawer selectively purging or pressurizing a piston sliding in a cylinder in the lower part of the injector body.
  • This piston which is a separate part of the needle, acts by pushing on the upper part of the injection needle to keep said needle closed or to allow it to lift from its seat at the time of injection. .
  • a return spring acts on the rear end of the needle to return its needle in the closed position on its seat at the sprayer.
  • an annular chamber can be provided around the rear end of the needle, so that the pressure in this chamber acts on the needle in the same direction as its spring, to add its effect to that of the spring, and tends to close it on the sprayer seat.
  • the movable assembly of the injector constitutes an assembly with differential section S 1 - S 2 -S 3 (S 2 being the section of the needle needle, S 1 being the section of the rear end of the needle or of the needle actuating piston, and 5 3 being the intermediate differential section of the needle).
  • valve of the electro-valve cuts the communication with the supply, so that the injection chamber is supplied only by the accumulation capacity which is emptied partially.
  • the injector holder having to be housed in a cylinder head, between the valves and the water, air and gas pipes, we are limited by the size. This means that the "capacity discharge" injectors comprising a fuel accumulation chamber cannot be suitable in practice because of the additional space requirement.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy the various drawbacks of the injection systems proposed so far.
  • the subject of the invention is a fuel injection system, with electronic control, for a diesel engine, in which the injector comprises a pilot solenoid valve, an injector needle with differential section S 1 -S 2 - s 3 the upper part of section S 1 of which constitutes a needle control piston forming an integral part of said needle, said system being characterized in that the pilot solenoid valve is a ball solenoid valve and in that the force for closing the needle is exerted directly and only by the fuel pressure on the total upper section S 1 of the needle, when the pilot electrovalve is in de-energized condition.
  • the inertias, delays and other drawbacks due to the solenoid valve drawers, to the moving parts to be started are reduced to a minimum. the needle) and the fuel accumulation capacities.
  • the injector assembly shown in FIG. 1 comprises an injector of general design similar to that commonly used in diesel engines, consisting of a body 2 and a movable needle 4.
  • This needle ensures, on the lower side, sealing by needle-shaped machining 6 when it is in the closed position.
  • the lower seat 8 When it is open, the lower seat 8 is uncovered, and the high pressure fuel can freely pass through the injection orifices 10 and enter the combustion chamber.
  • the needle is of differential section, the opening force being applied by the HP fuel to the differential section S 3 , and the holding force, needle open, on all of the surfaces S 3 + S 2 .
  • the upper face S 1 of the needle receives the closing force under the direct action of a pressure controlled by means of an electro-valve 14.
  • the injector assembly also comprises an injector holder comprising a body 16 into which a nut 18 retaining in a known manner retains the body 2 of the injector.
  • the injector holder is divided into a main body 16 and an intermediate body, or intermediate glass, 16 '.
  • the solenoid valve 14 is housed in the main body 16 of the injector holder.
  • the electro-valve is a ball-type electro-valve (with one or two balls) and not with a slide, the rod 20 of the electromagnet acting on at least one ball 22.
  • an electro-valve of the known type known as a "fast electro-valve" is chosen.
  • the electrical signal for excitation of the solenoid valve is supplied by a cable 24.
  • the fuel under HP arrives at the injector through an inlet connector 26, the low pressure fuel leaves the injector through an outlet connector 28, a calibrated valve 30 can be interposed on the BP conduit 32 to maintain a counter pressure determined in the injector.
  • Fuel inlet and outlet channels 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 32 are drilled in the body 34-38-2 of the injector holder and the injector.
  • the injector In the rest position (FIG. 2) the injector is naturally supplied with fuel under the supply pressure PA, via the inlet connector 26.
  • the pipes 34-36-38-40 are under HP.
  • the electromagnet not being excited, its rod 20 does not act on the ball 22 which, under the effect of the HP, closes the seat of the evacuation pipe 42.
  • the supply pressure P A is therefore applied only to S 3 + S 21 and the resulting force causes the needle to move and the injection takes place.
  • the resulting force causes the needle to move and the injection stops.
  • the general hydraulic circuit is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 5. It comprises a pressure generator 46 comprising an HP pump 48, its regulating and stabilization members 50, a tank 52 and the injector holders fitted 18 (one per cylinder 54) with their electro-valve 14.
  • the electronic control system of the injectors which is not part of the invention, has only been represented by a block 56.
  • This elasticity is obtained by giving the nut a great height H (for example at least twice its diameter D) and a small thickness at the wall 58 of the nut. It is thus possible to obtain a uniform tightening over the entire surface of the windows such as 12 or 60.
  • FIG. 6 shows a variant construction of an injector in which the intermediate body 16 ′ of the injector holder of FIG. 1 has been replaced by two intermediate parts 16 ′ 1 16 ′ 2 , of small diameter, leaving between they and the nut 18 an annular volume 62 which constitutes a fuel accumulator incorporated in the body of the injector.
  • This accumulator can absorb any pressure waves (water hammer) that sometimes occur in hydraulic lines.
  • this accumulator does not play the same role as the discharge capacities provided in certain known injectors. Indeed, it is always in connection with the HP power supply, via the pipe 34, even during the periods of opening of the needle.
  • the calibrated valve 30 is mounted in the body 16 of the injector holder and not in the intermediate part 16 ′ as in FIG. 1.
  • one accumulator 62 is provided to the upper body 16 of the nozzle holder, it is also always in communication with the arrival of fuel 26 HP.
  • the accumulator 62 ′ may contain an elastic bladder 64 filled with neutral gas under pressure.
  • a flow limiter 65 on the inlet 26 of HP fuel there is provided a flow limiter 65 on the inlet 26 of HP fuel.
  • These known type flow limiters avoid drowning or racing the engine in the event of an accidental blockage of an injector in the open position.
  • These limiters generally consist of a small capacity with piston 66 and spring 67 of impedance such that the circuit is closed in the event of flow continuity.
  • the flow restrictor can be mounted upstream or downstream of the injector.
  • control pressure chamber 68 situated above the section S 1 of the needle is a closed chamber which communicates only, with the HP or the BP , via the pipe 40.
  • the pressure in this chamber is identical to the pressure in the chamber 70 located below the section S 3 of the needle.
  • the needle control piston was an independent piston . of the needle, or a return spring of the needle in position closed acting on the rear end of the needle via a pusher.
  • control piston was subjected, on one of its ends, to the HP (during the closing of the needle) and, on its opposite end, permanently to the BP, which required planning a careful seal or admitting a permanent leak.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

In the electronically controlled fuel-injection system for Diesel engines, the injector comprises a pilot solenoid valve (14) and an injector needle (4) of differential cross-section S1 - S2 - S3, of which the upper part of cross-section S1 forms a needle control piston (44) forming an integral part of the needle. The pilot solenoid valve (14) is a solenoid ball valve (22), and the closing force of the needle (4) is exerted directly and solely by means of the pressure of the fuel on the total upper cross-section S1 of the needle when the pilot solenoid valve (14) is in the deenergised state. The invention makes it possible to obtain a very high accuracy of the closing and opening moments of the needle.

Description

La présente invention concerne les moteurs à combustion interne, notamment les moteurs Diesel, et elle vise plus particulièrement un système d'injection de combustible à contrôle électronique pour de tels moteurs.The present invention relates to internal combustion engines, in particular diesel engines, and it relates more particularly to an electronically controlled fuel injection system for such engines.

On connaît déjà des moteurs dans lesquels certaines fonctions du moteur, notamment l'injection de combustible, sont commandées par un système de contrôle électronique comportant un ou plusieurs calculateurs qui prennent en compte divers paramètres de fonctionnement du moteur pour délivrer des signaux électriques dont les uns au moins commandent l'ouverture des injecteurs, c'est-à-dire la levée d'une aiguille d'injection dans un corps d'injecteur.Engines are already known in which certain engine functions, in particular fuel injection, are controlled by an electronic control system comprising one or more computers which take into account various operating parameters of the engine to deliver electrical signals, some of which at least control the opening of the injectors, that is to say the raising of an injection needle in an injector body.

Les pressions d'alimentation dans les injecteurs étant très élevées (par exemple plus de 600 bars), il n'a pas été possible jusqu'à présent de commander directement les mouvements d'ouverture et de fermeture de l'aiguille par un électro-aimant.The supply pressures in the injectors being very high (for example more than 600 bars), it has not been possible until now to directly control the movements of opening and closing of the needle by an electro- magnet.

C'est pourquoi, les systèmes connus utilisent une électro-valve pilote qui reçoit le signal électrique de commande et qui actionne un organe de commutation hydraulique mettant sous haute pression ou à la basse pression un organe, analogue à un piston de vérin hydraulique, d'actionnement de l'aiguille de l'injecteur.This is why, the known systems use a pilot solenoid valve which receives the electric control signal and which actuates a hydraulic switching member putting under high pressure or at low pressure a member, similar to a hydraulic cylinder piston, d actuation of the injector needle.

C'est ainsi que, suivant le brevet FR 2.339.748, on utilise une électro-valve dont l'armature de l'électro-aimant est solidaire d'un tiroir mettant sélectivement à la purge ou sous pression un piston coulissant dans un cylindre ménagé dans la partie inférieure du corps de l'injecteur. Ce piston, qui est une pièce distincte de l'aiguille, agit en poussée sur la partie supérieure de l'aiguille d'injection pour maintenir ladite aiguille fermée ou bien pour l'autoriser à se soulever de son siège au moment de l'injection.Thus, according to patent FR 2,339,748, an electro-valve is used whose armature of the electromagnet is integral with a drawer selectively purging or pressurizing a piston sliding in a cylinder in the lower part of the injector body. This piston, which is a separate part of the needle, acts by pushing on the upper part of the injection needle to keep said needle closed or to allow it to lift from its seat at the time of injection. .

Dans le brevet FR 2.208.452, il est également proposé d'utiliser une électro-valve à tiroir dans laquelle le tiroir est ramené en position de repos (position d'alimentation) par un ressort de rappel de façon, notamment, à charger dans cette position de repos une capacité , ou chambre d'accumulation de combustible sous pression, qui communique avec la chambre d'injection.In patent FR 2,208,452, it is also proposed to use a solenoid valve with drawer in which the drawer is brought back to the rest position (feeding position) by a return spring so as, in particular, to load into this rest position a capacity, or pressurized fuel accumulation chamber, which communicates with the injection chamber.

Suivant ce brevet, un ressort de rappel agit sur l'extrémité arrière de l'aiguille pour rappeler son pointeau en position d'obturation sur son siège au niveau du pulvérisateur. D'autre part, une chambre annulaire peut être prévue autour de l'extrémité arrière de l'aiguille, de façon que la pression dans cette chambre agisse sur l'aiguille dans le même sens que son ressort, pour ajouter son effet à celui du ressort, et tende à la fermer sur le siège du pulvérisateur.According to this patent, a return spring acts on the rear end of the needle to return its needle in the closed position on its seat at the sprayer. On the other hand, an annular chamber can be provided around the rear end of the needle, so that the pressure in this chamber acts on the needle in the same direction as its spring, to add its effect to that of the spring, and tends to close it on the sprayer seat.

Suivant ces deux brevets, l'ensemble mobile de l'injecteur constitue un ensemble à section différentielle S1- S2 -S3 (S2 étant la section du pointeau de l'aiguille, S1 étant la section de l'extrémité arrière de l'aiguille ou du piston d'actionnement de l'aiguille, et 53 étant la section différentielle intermédiaire de l'aiguille).According to these two patents, the movable assembly of the injector constitutes an assembly with differential section S 1 - S 2 -S 3 (S 2 being the section of the needle needle, S 1 being the section of the rear end of the needle or of the needle actuating piston, and 5 3 being the intermediate differential section of the needle).

Mais les systèmes d'injection proposés jusqu'à présent présentent certains inconvénients, car, pour obtenir un bon fonctionnement des moteurs à allumage par compression, on doit respecter diverses conditions rigoureuses.However, the injection systems proposed so far have certain drawbacks, since, in order to obtain correct operation of the ignition engines by compression, various rigorous conditions must be respected.

C'est ainsi qu'on doit avoir une pression d'alimentation de combustible (haute pression) aussi constante que possible. C'est pourquoi, les systèmes à décharge de capacité ne peuvent pas donner de bons résultats car la capacité se "charge" à la haute pression à l'état aiguille fermée de l'injecteur, et se "décharge" par décompression de la capacité lorsque l'aiguille est ouverte, suivant une loi de variation de pression fortement décroissante.This is how one must have a fuel supply pressure (high pressure) as constant as possible. This is why capacity discharge systems cannot give good results since the capacity is "charged" at high pressure in the closed needle state of the injector, and is "discharged" by decompression of the capacity. when the needle is open, according to a strongly decreasing pressure variation law.

En effet, pendant l'ouverture de l'injecteur, le tiroir de l'électro-valve coupe la communication avec l'alimentation, si bien que la chambre d'injection n'est alimentée que par la capacité d'accumulation qui s e vide partiellement.Indeed, during the opening of the injector, the valve of the electro-valve cuts the communication with the supply, so that the injection chamber is supplied only by the accumulation capacity which is emptied partially.

Une autre condition est qu'on doit respecter une très grande précision des instants d'ouverture et fermeture des aiguilles d'injecteurs, de l'ordre du dix millième de seconde. Cette performance élimine pratiquement tous les systèmes comportant un ou plusieurs éléments mobiles intermédiaires entre l'électro-valve de commande de débit et l'aiguille d'injection : ces organes, même légers, soumis aux lois balistiques introduisent en effet des retards qui sont souvent variables à cause des irrégularités et de la dispersion des frottements. Ceci est le cas, par exemple, pour le premier de ces brevets précités dans lequel le piston de commande de l'aiguille est une pièce distincte de l'aiguille elle-même.Another condition is that a very high precision of the instants of opening and closing of the injector needles must be observed, of the order of ten thousandths of a second. This performance eliminates practically all systems comprising one or more mobile elements intermediate between the flow control electro-valve and the injection needle: these organs, even light, subject to ballistic laws indeed introduce delays which are often variable due to irregularities and dispersion of friction. This is the case, for example, for the first of these aforementioned patents in which the needle control piston is a separate part from the needle itself.

De plus, cette très grande précision ne peut être obtenue avec les électro-valves à tiroirs proposées jusqu'à présent. En effet, les tiroirs ont un diamètre minimal de 3 à 4 mm, donc une masse relativement élevée qui introduit un retard. Par ailleurs, pour réaliser une étanchéité satisfaisante aux pressions envisagées, on doit prévoir des recouvrements importants, donc une course plus longue de l'électro-aimant ce qui introduit encore un retard et nécessite un électro-aimant plus encombrant et coûteux.In addition, this very high precision cannot be obtained with the electro-valves with drawers proposed so far. Indeed, the drawers have a minimum diameter of 3 to 4 mm, therefore a relatively high mass which introduces a delay. Furthermore, to achieve a satisfactory seal at the envisaged pressures, it is necessary to provide for significant overlaps, therefore a longer stroke of the electromagnet, which again introduces a delay and requires a more bulky and expensive electromagnet.

Enfin, le porte-injecteur devant être logé dans une culasse, entre les soupapes et les conduits d'eau, d'air et de gaz, on est limité par l'encombrement. Ceci fait que les injecteurs à "décharge de capacité" comportant une chambre d'accumulation de combustible, ne peuvent pas convenir dans la pratique à cause du surcroît d'encombrement.Finally, the injector holder having to be housed in a cylinder head, between the valves and the water, air and gas pipes, we are limited by the size. This means that the "capacity discharge" injectors comprising a fuel accumulation chamber cannot be suitable in practice because of the additional space requirement.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier aux divers inconvénients des systèmes d'injection proposés jusqu'à présent.The object of the present invention is to remedy the various drawbacks of the injection systems proposed so far.

L'invention a pour objet un système d'injection de combustible, à contrôle électronique, pour moteur Diesel, dans lequel l'injecteur comprend une électro-valve pilote, une aiguille d'injecteur à section différentielle S1-S2- s3 dont la partie supérieure de section S1 constitue un piston de commande de l'aiguille faisant partie intégrante de ladite aiguille, ledit système étant caractérisé en ce que l'électo-valve pilote est une électro-valve à bille et en ce que l'effort de fermeture de l'aiguille est exercé directement et uniquement par la pression du combustible sur la section supérieure totale S1 de l'aiguille, lorsque l'électro-valve pilote est en condition désexcitée.The subject of the invention is a fuel injection system, with electronic control, for a diesel engine, in which the injector comprises a pilot solenoid valve, an injector needle with differential section S 1 -S 2 - s 3 the upper part of section S 1 of which constitutes a needle control piston forming an integral part of said needle, said system being characterized in that the pilot solenoid valve is a ball solenoid valve and in that the force for closing the needle is exerted directly and only by the fuel pressure on the total upper section S 1 of the needle, when the pilot electrovalve is in de-energized condition.

Grâce à l'invention, on réduit au minimum les inerties, retards et autres inconvénients dus aux tiroirs d'électro-valve, aux pièces mobiles à mettre en route (telles que piston indépendant d'actionnement de l'aiguille ou ressort de rappel de l'aiguille) et aux capacités d'accumulation de combustible.Thanks to the invention, the inertias, delays and other drawbacks due to the solenoid valve drawers, to the moving parts to be started (such as independent piston for actuating the needle or return spring of the valve) are reduced to a minimum. the needle) and the fuel accumulation capacities.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description détaillée qui va suivre et à l'examen des dessins annexés qui montrent, à titres d'exemples non limitatifs plusieurs modes de réalisation de l'invention.

  • La figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'un mode de réalisation d'un injecteur suivant l'invention,
  • les figures 2, 3, 4 sont des schémas théoriques montrant la position des différents organes au cours du cycle d'injection,
  • la figure 5 est un schéma du circuit d'alimentation en combustible sous pression de l'injecteur,
  • les figures 6, 7 et 8 sont des vues en coupe de trois variantes de l'injecteur suivant l'invention.
The invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description which follows and on examining the appended drawings which show, by way of nonlimiting examples several embodiments of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of an injector according to the invention,
  • FIGS. 2, 3, 4 are theoretical diagrams showing the position of the various organs during the injection cycle,
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram of the fuel supply circuit under pressure of the injector,
  • Figures 6, 7 and 8 are sectional views of three variants of the injector according to the invention.

L'ensemble injecteur représenté sur la figure 1 comprend un injecteur de conception générale voisine de celle utilisée couramment dans les moteurs Diesel, constitué d'un corps 2 et d'une aiguille mobile 4.The injector assembly shown in FIG. 1 comprises an injector of general design similar to that commonly used in diesel engines, consisting of a body 2 and a movable needle 4.

Cette aiguille dont la course de déplacement est de quelques dixièmes de mm assure, côté inférieur, l'étanchéité par un usinage en forme de pointeau 6 lorsqu'elle est en position fermée. Lorsqu'elle est ouverte, le siège inférieur 8 est découvert, et le combustible haute pression peut traverser librement les orifices d'injection 10 et pénéter dans la chambre de combustion. L'aiguille soumise à un effort hydraulique dirigé dans le sens de l'ouverture, vers le haut sur le schéma, vient alors buter sur la glace supérieure 12.This needle, the displacement stroke of which is a few tenths of a mm, ensures, on the lower side, sealing by needle-shaped machining 6 when it is in the closed position. When it is open, the lower seat 8 is uncovered, and the high pressure fuel can freely pass through the injection orifices 10 and enter the combustion chamber. The needle subjected to a hydraulic force directed in the direction of opening, upwards in the diagram, then comes up against the upper glass 12.

L'aiguille est à section différentielle, l'effort d'ouverture étant appliqué par le combustible HP sur la section différentielle S3, et l'effort de maintien, aiguille ouverte, sur l'ensemble des surfaces S3 + S2.The needle is of differential section, the opening force being applied by the HP fuel to the differential section S 3 , and the holding force, needle open, on all of the surfaces S 3 + S 2 .

La face supérieure S1 de l'aiguille reçoit l'effort de fermeture sous l'action directe d'une pression contrôlée par l'intermédiaire d'une électro-valve 14.The upper face S 1 of the needle receives the closing force under the direct action of a pressure controlled by means of an electro-valve 14.

L'ensemble injecteur comprend également un porte-injecteur comprenant un corps 16 dans lequel se visse de façon connue un écrou 18 retenant le corps 2 de l'injecteur. De préférence, pour des raisons constructives, le porte injecteur est divisé en un corps principal 16 et un corps intermédiaire, ou glace intermédiaire, 16'.The injector assembly also comprises an injector holder comprising a body 16 into which a nut 18 retaining in a known manner retains the body 2 of the injector. Preferably, for constructive reasons, the injector holder is divided into a main body 16 and an intermediate body, or intermediate glass, 16 '.

L'électro-valve 14 est logée dans le corps principal 16 du porte-injecteur. Suivant l'invention, l'électro-valve est une électro-valve à bille (à une ou deux billes) et non pas à tiroir, la tige 20 de l'électro-aimant agissant sur au moins une bille 22. De préférence, on choisit une électro-valve du type connu dit "électro-valve rapide". Le signal électrique d'excitation de l'électro-valve est amené par un câble 24.The solenoid valve 14 is housed in the main body 16 of the injector holder. According to the invention, the electro-valve is a ball-type electro-valve (with one or two balls) and not with a slide, the rod 20 of the electromagnet acting on at least one ball 22. Preferably, an electro-valve of the known type known as a "fast electro-valve" is chosen. The electrical signal for excitation of the solenoid valve is supplied by a cable 24.

Le combustible sous HP arrive à l'injecteur par un raccord d'entrée 26, le combustible basse pression ressort de l'injecteur par un raccord de sortie 28, un clapet taré 30 pouvant être interposé sur le conduit BP 32 pour maintenir une contre-pression déterminée dans l'injecteur.The fuel under HP arrives at the injector through an inlet connector 26, the low pressure fuel leaves the injector through an outlet connector 28, a calibrated valve 30 can be interposed on the BP conduit 32 to maintain a counter pressure determined in the injector.

Des canaux d'amenée et de départ de combustible 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 32 sont percés dans le corps 34-38-2 du porte-injecteur et de l'injecteur.Fuel inlet and outlet channels 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 32 are drilled in the body 34-38-2 of the injector holder and the injector.

On va décrire maintenant le fonctionnement de l'injecteur à l'aide des schémas des figures 2, 3, 4.We will now describe the operation of the injector using the diagrams of Figures 2, 3, 4.

Dans la position de repos (figure 2) l'injecteur est alimenté naturellement en combustible sous la pression d'alimentation PA, par le raccord d'entrée 26. Les canalisations 34-36-38-40 sont sous HP. L'électro-aimant n'étant pas excité, sa tige 20 n'agit pas sur la bille 22 qui, sous l'effet de la HP, obture le siège de la canalisation d'évacuation 42.In the rest position (FIG. 2) the injector is naturally supplied with fuel under the supply pressure PA, via the inlet connector 26. The pipes 34-36-38-40 are under HP. The electromagnet not being excited, its rod 20 does not act on the ball 22 which, under the effect of the HP, closes the seat of the evacuation pipe 42.

L'aiguille 4 de l'injecteur est maintenue fermée par une force F = PA (S1- S3), la pression d'alimentation s'exerçant directement sur la partie arrière 44 de section S1 de l'aiguille, qui fait partie intégrante de l'aiguille, sans l'adjonction d'aucun ressort de rappel de l'aiguille en position fermée.The needle 4 of the injector is kept closed by a force F = P A (S 1 - S 3 ), the supply pressure being exerted directly on the rear part 44 of section S 1 of the needle, which is an integral part of the needle, without the addition of any needle return spring in the closed position.

Lorsque l'ordre d'ouverture de l'injecteur est donné (figure 3), le doigt 20 de l'électro-valve pousse la bille 22 qui vient obstruer l'alimentation 40 de la section de commande S1 et met cette section en communication avec la bâche par les conduits 40 - 42 à la pression Po.When the order to open the injector is given (FIG. 3), the finger 20 of the solenoid valve pushes the ball 22 which obstructs the supply 40 of the control section S 1 and puts this section into operation. communication with the cover by the conduits 40 - 42 at pressure Po.

La pression d'alimentation PA est donc appliquée uniquement sur S3 + S21 et la force résultante provoque le déplacement de l'aiguille et l'injection s'effectue.The supply pressure P A is therefore applied only to S 3 + S 21 and the resulting force causes the needle to move and the injection takes place.

Lorsque l'ordre de fermeture de l'injecteur est donné, l'électro-aimant est désactivé (figure 4). Sous l'action de la pression PA' la bille 22 vient obstruer le retour à la bâche 42 et admet cette pression PA sur la section de commande S1 par la canalisation 40.When the order to close the injector is given, the electromagnet is deactivated (Figure 4). Under the action of the pressure P A ', the ball 22 obstructs the return to the cover 42 and admits this pressure P A on the control section S 1 by the pipe 40.

La pression d'injection PI étant inférieure à la pression d'alimentation PA (phénomène dû aux "effets de jets" créés par le débit), la force PA x S1 est donc supérieure à

Figure imgb0001
The injection pressure PI being lower than the supply pressure P A (phenomenon due to the "jet effects" created by the flow), the force P A x S 1 is therefore greater than
Figure imgb0001

La force résultante provoque le déplacement de l'aiguille et l'injection s'arrête.The resulting force causes the needle to move and the injection stops.

Le circuit hydraulique général est représenté schématiquement sur la figure 5. Il comprend un générateur de pression 46 comportant une pompe HP 48, ses organes de régulation et de stabilisation 50, une cuve 52 et les porte injecteurs équipés 18 (un par cylindre 54) avec leur électro-valve 14. Le système de contrôle électronique des injecteurs, qui ne fait pas partie de l'invention, a seulement été représenté par un bloc 56.The general hydraulic circuit is shown diagrammatically in FIG. 5. It comprises a pressure generator 46 comprising an HP pump 48, its regulating and stabilization members 50, a tank 52 and the injector holders fitted 18 (one per cylinder 54) with their electro-valve 14. The electronic control system of the injectors, which is not part of the invention, has only been represented by a block 56.

Il ressort bien d'après ce qui précède que, dans un injecteur suivant l'invention, les effets d'inertie mécanique sont ramenés au minimum, que l'ouverture de l'électro-valve peut se faire sans course préalable et que la longueur des canalisations hydrauliques peut être réduite au minimum grâce à la disposition de l'électro-valve dans le corps même du porte-injecteur, à proximité immédiate de l'extrémité arrière S1 de l'aiguille. Tout ceci contribue à une réponse plus rapide et une précision meilleure qu'avec les injecteurs connus jusqu'à présent, le tout avec un encombrement moindre.It is clear from the above that, in an injector according to the invention, the effects of mechanical inertia are reduced to a minimum, that the opening of the solenoid valve can be done without prior stroke and that the length hydraulic lines can be reduced to a minimum thanks to the arrangement of the solenoid valve in the body of the injector holder, in the immediate vicinity of the rear end S 1 of the needle. All this contributes to a faster response and better accuracy than with the injectors known hitherto, all with a smaller footprint.

Il est plus pratique, pour des raisons constructives de former le corps du porte-injecteur en deux parties séparées 16 - 16'. Afin de pallier les écarts de perpendicularité et parallèlisme des différentes forces en contact, dus aux imperfections d'usinage, il est avantageux de prévoir une certaine élasticité pour l'écrou 18 (figure 1).It is more practical, for constructive reasons, to form the body of the injector holder in two separate parts 16 - 16 '. In order to compensate for the differences in perpendicularity and parallelism of the different forces in contact, due to machining imperfections, it is advantageous to provide a certain elasticity for the nut 18 (Figure 1).

Cette élasticité s'obtient en donnant une grande hauteur H à l'écrou (par exemple au moins deux fois son diamètre D) et une faible épaisseur à la paroi 58 de l'écrou. On peut ainsi obtenir un serrage uniforme sur toute la surface des glaces telles que 12 ou 60.This elasticity is obtained by giving the nut a great height H (for example at least twice its diameter D) and a small thickness at the wall 58 of the nut. It is thus possible to obtain a uniform tightening over the entire surface of the windows such as 12 or 60.

Il est à noter que, dans un injecteur suivant l'invention, le volume intérieur de l'injecteur, c'est-à-dire la place offerte au combustible sous pression peut être très grande. On a représenté sur la figure 6 une variante de construction d'un injecteur dans lequel le corps intermédaire 16' du porte-injecteur de la figure 1 a été remplacé par deux pièces intermédiaires 16'1 16'2, de faible diamètre, laissant entre elles et l'écrou 18 un volume annulaire 62 qui constitue un accumulateur de combustible incorporé dans le corps de l'injecteur. Cet accumulateur peut amortir les éventuelles ondes de pression (coups de bélier) qui se produisent parfois dans les conduites hydrauliques. Mais cet accumulateur ne joue pas le même rôle que les capacités de décharge prévues dans certains injecteurs connus. En effet, il est toujours en liaison avec l'alimentation HP, par la canalisation 34, même pendant les périodes d'ouverture de l'aiguille.It should be noted that, in an injector according to the invention, the internal volume of the injector, that is to say the space offered to the fuel under pressure can be very large. FIG. 6 shows a variant construction of an injector in which the intermediate body 16 ′ of the injector holder of FIG. 1 has been replaced by two intermediate parts 16 ′ 1 16 ′ 2 , of small diameter, leaving between they and the nut 18 an annular volume 62 which constitutes a fuel accumulator incorporated in the body of the injector. This accumulator can absorb any pressure waves (water hammer) that sometimes occur in hydraulic lines. However, this accumulator does not play the same role as the discharge capacities provided in certain known injectors. Indeed, it is always in connection with the HP power supply, via the pipe 34, even during the periods of opening of the needle.

On peut noter également que, dans la variante de la figure 6, le clapet taré 30 est monté dans le corps 16 du porte-injecteur et non pas dans la pièce intermédiaire 16' comme sur la figure 1.It can also be noted that, in the variant of FIG. 6, the calibrated valve 30 is mounted in the body 16 of the injector holder and not in the intermediate part 16 ′ as in FIG. 1.

Dans la variante représentée sur la figure 7, 1' accumulateur 62' est prévu à la partie supérieure du corps 16 du porte-injecteur, il est également toujours en communication avec l'arrivée 26 de combustible HP. L'accumulateur 62' peut contenir une vessie élastique 64 remplie de gaz neutre sous pression.In the variant shown in Figure 7, one accumulator 62 is provided to the upper body 16 of the nozzle holder, it is also always in communication with the arrival of fuel 26 HP. The accumulator 62 ′ may contain an elastic bladder 64 filled with neutral gas under pressure.

Enfin, dans la variante représentée sur la figure 8, on a prévu un limiteur de débit 65 sur l'arrivée 26 de combustible HP. Ces limiteurs de débit de type connu évitent de noyer ou d'emballer le moteur en cas de blocage accidentel d'un injecteur en position ouverte. Ces limiteurs sont en général constitués d'une petite capacité à piston 66 et ressort 67 d'impédance telle que le circuit est fermé en cas de continuité de débit. Le limiteur de débit peut être monté en amont ou en aval de l'injecteur.Finally, in the variant shown in Figure 8, there is provided a flow limiter 65 on the inlet 26 of HP fuel. These known type flow limiters avoid drowning or racing the engine in the event of an accidental blockage of an injector in the open position. These limiters generally consist of a small capacity with piston 66 and spring 67 of impedance such that the circuit is closed in the event of flow continuity. The flow restrictor can be mounted upstream or downstream of the injector.

On peut noter que, dans tous les modes de réalisation qui ont été décrits, la chambre de pression de commande 68 située au-dessus de la section S1 de l'aiguille est une chambre fermée qui communique seulement, avec la HP ou la BP, par la canalisation 40. D'autre part, pendant toutes les périodes de fermeture de l'aiguille, la pression dans cette chambre est identique à la pression dans la chambre 70 située en dessous de la section S3 de l'aiguille. Il n'existe donc aucun problème particulier d'étanchéité autour de la partie 44 de section S1 de l'aiguille, qui joue le rôle de piston, ni dans la chambre 68 elle-même.It may be noted that, in all the embodiments which have been described, the control pressure chamber 68 situated above the section S 1 of the needle is a closed chamber which communicates only, with the HP or the BP , via the pipe 40. On the other hand, during all the periods of closure of the needle, the pressure in this chamber is identical to the pressure in the chamber 70 located below the section S 3 of the needle. There is therefore no particular sealing problem around the part 44 of section S 1 of the needle, which plays the role of piston, or in the chamber 68 itself.

Au contraire, dans les injecteurs proposés jusqu'à présent, ou bien le piston de commande de l'aiguille était un piston indépendant.de l'aiguille, ou bien un ressort de rappel de l'aiguille en position fermée agissant sur l'extrémité arrière de l'aiguille par l'intermédiaire d'un poussoir.On the contrary, in the injectors proposed so far, either the needle control piston was an independent piston . of the needle, or a return spring of the needle in position closed acting on the rear end of the needle via a pusher.

Dans le premier cas, le piston de commande était soumis, sur l'une des ses extrémités, à la HP (pendant la fermeture de l'aiguille) et, sur son extrémité opposée, en permanence à la BP, ce qui nécessitait de prévoir une étanchéité soignée ou d'admettre une fuite permanente.In the first case, the control piston was subjected, on one of its ends, to the HP (during the closing of the needle) and, on its opposite end, permanently to the BP, which required planning a careful seal or admitting a permanent leak.

Dans le deuxième cas, le poussoir précité devait passer de façon sensiblement étanche dans le fond de la chambre de pression de commande, ce qui apporte des frottements supplémentaires, donc des retards de fonctionnement.In the second case, the aforementioned pusher had to pass in a substantially sealed manner in the bottom of the control pressure chamber, which brings additional friction, therefore operational delays.

Claims (7)

1. Système d'injection de combustible, à contrôle électronique, pour moteur Diesel, dans lequel l'injecteur comprend une électro-valve pilote, une aiguille d'injecteur à section différentielle S1- S2- S3 dont la partie supérieure de section S1 constitue un piston de commande de l'aiguille faisant partie intégrante de ladite aiguille, ledit système étant caractérisé en ce que l'électro-valve pilote 14 est une électro-valve à bille (22) et en ce que l'effort de fermeture de l'aiguille (4) est exercé directement et uniquement par la pression du combustible sur la section supérieure totale S1 de l'aiguille, lorsque l'électro-valve pilote(14)est en condition désexcitée.1. Fuel injection system, electronically controlled, for diesel engine, in which the injector comprises a pilot solenoid valve, an injector needle with differential section S1 - S2 - S3 , the upper part of section S 1 constitutes a needle control piston forming an integral part of said needle, said system being characterized in that the pilot solenoid valve 14 is a ball solenoid valve (22) and in that the closing force of the needle (4) is exerted directly and only by the fuel pressure on the total upper section S 1 of the needle, when the pilot electrovalve (14) is in de-energized condition. 2. Système d'injection suivant la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que l'électro-valve pilote(14) comporte une seule bille (22) mettant sélectivement en communication, par une canalisation (40), la section supérieure S1 de l'aiguille (4) soit avec la HP, par une canalisation (38-34), soit avec la BP, par une canalisation (42-32), suivant que l'électro-valve (14) est désexcitée ou excitée.2. Injection system according to claim 1 characterized in that the pilot solenoid valve (14) comprises a single ball (22) selectively placing in communication, by a pipe (40), the upper section S 1 of the needle (4) either with the HP, by a pipe (38-34), or with the BP, by a pipe (42-32), depending on whether the solenoid valve (14) is de-energized or energized. 3. Système d'injection suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'électro-valve (14) est incorporée au corps (16-16') du porte-injecteur, le clapet à bille (22) de l'électro-valve étant situé à proximité immédiate de la chambre de pression de commande (68) de la section S1 de l'aiguille (4).3. Injection system according to claim 1, characterized in that the solenoid valve (14) is incorporated in the body (16-16 ') of the injector holder, the ball valve (22) of the electro- valve being located in close proximity to the control pressure chamber (68) of section S 1 of the needle (4). 4. Système d'injection suivant l'une des revendication précédentes caractérisé en ce que le porte injecteur comporte un corps principal (16) et un corps intermédiare (16') qui sont assemblés avec le corps (2) de l'injecteur au moyen d'un écrou de grande longueur et à paroi mince présentant une élasticité suffisante pour permettre un assemblage des trois éléments (16-16'-2) avec leurs surfaces en regard parfaitement parallèles et en contact étanche.4. Injection system according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that the injector holder comprises a main body (16) and an intermediate body (16 ') which are assembled with the body (2) of the injector by means of a very long and thin-walled nut having sufficient elasticity to allow an assembly of the three elements (16-16' -2) with their facing surfaces perfectly parallel and in tight contact. 5. Système d'injection suivant l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce qu'un clapet taré (30) est interposé sur l'une des canalisations BP (42-32).5. Injection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a calibrated valve (30) is interposed on one of the BP pipes (42-32). 6. Système d'injection suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un volume -libre(62) entre l'écrou (18) et la partie intermédiaire (16'1 - 16'2) du corps (16) du porte-injecteur, ledit volume (62) formant un accumulateur de combustible HP incorporé à l'injecteur.6. Injection system according to claim 4, characterized in that there is provided a free volume (62) between the nut (18) and the intermediate part (16'1 - 16'2) of the body (16 ) of the injector holder, said volume (62) forming an HP fuel accumulator incorporated into the injector. 7. Système d'injection suivant l'une des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un limiteur de débit (65).7. Injection system according to one of the preceding claims characterized in that it comprises a flow limiter (65).
EP86400761A 1985-04-19 1986-04-09 Fuel injection system for diesel engines Withdrawn EP0199632A1 (en)

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EP0304746A1 (en) * 1987-08-25 1989-03-01 WEBER S.r.l. An electromagnetically-controlled fuel injection valve for i.c. engines
FR2636675A1 (en) * 1988-09-21 1990-03-23 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kk FUEL INJECTOR, FUEL INJECTION DEVICE HAVING THE INJECTOR, AND DIESEL ENGINE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A DEVICE
FR2711737A1 (en) * 1993-10-22 1995-05-05 Daimler Benz Ag Solenoid valve on a fuel injector for internal combustion engines.
DE19500184A1 (en) * 1995-01-05 1996-07-18 Markus Kalla Fuel injection unit with hot fuel evaporation for piston engines
EP0740068A2 (en) * 1995-04-28 1996-10-30 Lucas Industries public limited company Fuel injection nozzle
EP0741244A2 (en) * 1995-05-03 1996-11-06 Institut für Motorenbau, Prof. Huber GmbH Injection nozzle
DE19540155A1 (en) * 1995-10-27 1997-04-30 Huber Motorenbau Inst Servo valve for an injection nozzle
US5651345A (en) * 1995-06-02 1997-07-29 Caterpillar Inc. Direct operated check HEUI injector
EP0816670A1 (en) * 1996-07-02 1998-01-07 Siemens Automotive Corporation Piezoelectric controlled common rail injector with hydraulic amplification of piezoelectric stroke
DE19715234A1 (en) * 1997-04-12 1998-06-25 Daimler Benz Ag Valve for fuel injection system of internal combustion engine
US5845852A (en) * 1995-06-02 1998-12-08 Caterpillar Inc. Direct operated check injector
WO1999030029A1 (en) * 1997-12-05 1999-06-17 L'orange Gmbh Injection valve for intermittent fuel injection
EP0976924A2 (en) * 1998-07-31 2000-02-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Servo valve for an injector and injector
FR2819022A1 (en) * 2000-12-28 2002-07-05 Denso Corp Hydraulic control unit having an actuator, for control of the fuel injection system of motor vehicle internal combustion engine
WO2003004857A1 (en) * 2001-06-29 2003-01-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injector having injection curve shaping
EP0845077B1 (en) * 1996-06-15 2003-01-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection device for internal combustion engines
WO2004018865A1 (en) * 2002-08-13 2004-03-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Valve for controlling liquids
US6705587B1 (en) 1999-05-07 2004-03-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for positioning the actuating drive in a fuel injector device for implementing said method
WO2010089217A1 (en) * 2009-02-03 2010-08-12 Continental Automotive Gmbh Injector assembly for an injection valve
CN101680405B (en) * 2007-05-14 2012-03-21 罗伯特·博世有限公司 Injector

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Cited By (35)

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EP0304746A1 (en) * 1987-08-25 1989-03-01 WEBER S.r.l. An electromagnetically-controlled fuel injection valve for i.c. engines
US4997133A (en) * 1987-08-25 1991-03-05 Ausiello Francesco P Electromagnetically-controlled fuel injection valve for I.C. engines
FR2636675A1 (en) * 1988-09-21 1990-03-23 Usui Kokusai Sangyo Kk FUEL INJECTOR, FUEL INJECTION DEVICE HAVING THE INJECTOR, AND DIESEL ENGINE EQUIPPED WITH SUCH A DEVICE
FR2711737A1 (en) * 1993-10-22 1995-05-05 Daimler Benz Ag Solenoid valve on a fuel injector for internal combustion engines.
DE19500184A1 (en) * 1995-01-05 1996-07-18 Markus Kalla Fuel injection unit with hot fuel evaporation for piston engines
EP1693563A3 (en) * 1995-04-28 2007-08-08 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Fuel injection nozzle
EP0740068A2 (en) * 1995-04-28 1996-10-30 Lucas Industries public limited company Fuel injection nozzle
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EP0740068A3 (en) * 1995-04-28 1997-08-13 Lucas Ind Plc Fuel injection nozzle
EP1693563A2 (en) * 1995-04-28 2006-08-23 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Fuel injection nozzle
EP0741244A2 (en) * 1995-05-03 1996-11-06 Institut für Motorenbau, Prof. Huber GmbH Injection nozzle
EP0741244A3 (en) * 1995-05-03 1996-11-27 Huber Motorenbau Inst
US5713326A (en) * 1995-05-03 1998-02-03 Institut Fur Motorenbau Prof. Huber Gmbh Injection nozzle
US5651345A (en) * 1995-06-02 1997-07-29 Caterpillar Inc. Direct operated check HEUI injector
US5845852A (en) * 1995-06-02 1998-12-08 Caterpillar Inc. Direct operated check injector
DE19540155A1 (en) * 1995-10-27 1997-04-30 Huber Motorenbau Inst Servo valve for an injection nozzle
DE19540155C2 (en) * 1995-10-27 2000-07-13 Daimler Chrysler Ag Servo valve for an injection nozzle
EP0770776A1 (en) * 1995-10-27 1997-05-02 Institut für Motorenbau, Prof. Huber GmbH Metering valve for a fuel injector
EP0845077B1 (en) * 1996-06-15 2003-01-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injection device for internal combustion engines
EP0816670A1 (en) * 1996-07-02 1998-01-07 Siemens Automotive Corporation Piezoelectric controlled common rail injector with hydraulic amplification of piezoelectric stroke
DE19715234A1 (en) * 1997-04-12 1998-06-25 Daimler Benz Ag Valve for fuel injection system of internal combustion engine
WO1999030029A1 (en) * 1997-12-05 1999-06-17 L'orange Gmbh Injection valve for intermittent fuel injection
EP0976924A2 (en) * 1998-07-31 2000-02-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Servo valve for an injector and injector
EP0976924A3 (en) * 1998-07-31 2001-06-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Servo valve for an injector and injector
US7310986B2 (en) 1999-05-07 2007-12-25 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for producing a compensation collar for an injection valve
US6705587B1 (en) 1999-05-07 2004-03-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for positioning the actuating drive in a fuel injector device for implementing said method
US8720852B2 (en) 1999-05-07 2014-05-13 Continental Automotive Gmbh Procedure for positioning the actuating drive in a fuel injector and device for performing the procedure
FR2819022A1 (en) * 2000-12-28 2002-07-05 Denso Corp Hydraulic control unit having an actuator, for control of the fuel injection system of motor vehicle internal combustion engine
WO2003004857A1 (en) * 2001-06-29 2003-01-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Fuel injector having injection curve shaping
WO2004018865A1 (en) * 2002-08-13 2004-03-04 Robert Bosch Gmbh Valve for controlling liquids
CN101680405B (en) * 2007-05-14 2012-03-21 罗伯特·博世有限公司 Injector
WO2010089217A1 (en) * 2009-02-03 2010-08-12 Continental Automotive Gmbh Injector assembly for an injection valve
CN102308080A (en) * 2009-02-03 2012-01-04 欧陆汽车有限责任公司 Injector assembly for an injection valve
CN102308080B (en) * 2009-02-03 2013-06-19 欧陆汽车有限责任公司 Injector assembly for an injection valve
US9080538B2 (en) 2009-02-03 2015-07-14 Continental Automotive Gmbh Injector assembly for an injection valve

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