EP0198401A1 - Fibre synthétique dispersible dans l'eau - Google Patents

Fibre synthétique dispersible dans l'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0198401A1
EP0198401A1 EP86104816A EP86104816A EP0198401A1 EP 0198401 A1 EP0198401 A1 EP 0198401A1 EP 86104816 A EP86104816 A EP 86104816A EP 86104816 A EP86104816 A EP 86104816A EP 0198401 A1 EP0198401 A1 EP 0198401A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fiber
filaments
water
dispersible
polyester
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP86104816A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0198401B1 (fr
Inventor
Donald Albert Shiffler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EIDP Inc
Original Assignee
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority to AT86104816T priority Critical patent/ATE44787T1/de
Publication of EP0198401A1 publication Critical patent/EP0198401A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0198401B1 publication Critical patent/EP0198401B1/fr
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/10—Organic non-cellulose fibres
    • D21H13/20—Organic non-cellulose fibres from macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D21H13/24—Polyesters

Definitions

  • This invention concerns new water-dispersible synthetic polymer fiber, particularly of poly(ethylene terephthalate), and its preparation.
  • water-dispersible synthetic fiber especially of polyester.
  • Such water-dispersible fiber is used in various non-woven applications, including paper-making and wet-laid non-woven fabrics, sometimes as part of a blend, often with large amounts of wood pulp, or fiberglass, but also in applications requiring only polyester fiber, i.e., unblended with other fiber.
  • This use, and the requirements therefor are entirely different from previous more conventional use as tow or staple fiber for conversion into textile yarns for eventual use in woven or knitted fabrics, because of the need to disperse this fiber in water instead of to convert the fiber into yarns, e.g., by processes such as carding, e.g. in the cotton system. It is this requirement for water-dispersibility that distinguishes the field of the invention from previous, more conventional polyester staple fiber.
  • water-dispersible polyester fiber is of poly(ethylene terephthalate), and is prepared in essentially the same general way as conventional textile polyester staple fiber, except that most water-dispersible polyester fiber is not crimped, whereas any polyester staple fiber for use in textile yarns is generally crimped while in the form of tow, before conversion into staple fiber.
  • waterdispersible polyester fiber has generally been prepared by melt-spinning the polyester into filaments, combining the filaments to form a tow, drawing, applying a suitable coating to impart water-dispersible properties, generally in the same way as a finish is applied to a tow of conventional textile filaments, and then, generally without any crimping (or with imparting only some mild wavy undulations in some cases to provide extra bulk and a three-dimensional matrix), converting the tow into staple.
  • Some prior polyester staple fiber has been prepared in uncrimped form, e.g. for use as flock in pile fabrics, but for such use, water-dispersibility has not been required.
  • Polyester fibers are naturally hydrophobic, so it is necessary to apply to the polyester a suitable coating, as disclosed by Ring et al. in U.S. Patent No. 4,007,083, Hawkins in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,137,181, 4,179,543 and 4,294,883, and Viscose Canal in British Patent No. 958,350, to overcome the inherent hydrophobic character of the polyester fiber without creating foam or causing the fibers to flocculate. It is this coating that has distinguished water-dispersible polyester fiber from more conventional polyester staple fiber, rather than any inherent characteristic feature of the polyester itself, or of its shape, such as the cross-section.
  • the cross-section of all commercial water-dispersible polyester fiber has been round. Indeed the cross-section of most commercial polyester staple fiber has generally been round, because this has been preferred.
  • new synthetic polymer water-dispersible fiber especially polyester fiber, characterized in that the fibers are of cruciform cross-section.
  • a cruciform cross-section has been used heretofore for other polyester fibers, as described herein.
  • the water-dispersible fiber of the invention may be essentially similar to prior water-dispersible polyester or other synthetic polymer fibers, although the advantages described hereinafter may provide the opportunity for additional modifications.
  • the invention will be described hereinafter with special reference to polyester fiber, although it will be recognized that other synthetic polymers, such as polyamides and polyolefins, may also be used.
  • the fibers of the invention may be made conveniently by melt-spinning and drawing polyester filaments of appropriate denier per filament (dpf), and applying thereto a suitable coating to impart water-dispersible characteristics. The filaments are then generally cut into staple of whatever length is desired for the end-use contemplated.
  • dpf denier per filament
  • cruciform cross-section for the water-dispersible fiber of the invention has, surprisingly, been found to promote dispersibility, in comparison with a round cross-section, and this imparts to the resulting wet-laid fibers better uniformity, more opacity, good permeability, and an attractive flannel-like hand as will be seen in the Example.
  • Figure 1 shows a cruciform cross-section for a stylized fiber according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a typical spinneret orifice for spinning filaments of the invention.
  • polyester filaments having a cruciform cross-section are already known from Lehmicke U.S. Pat. No. 2,945,739, which discloses a process for melt-spinning polyamide and polyester filaments of, inter alia cruciform cross-section, and woven and knitted fabrics from staple fibers, and from Jamieson U.S. Pat. No.
  • polyester filamentary substrates for making the water-dispersible fiber of the invention may be prepared by the techniques described therein, or by appropriate modifications of these or other known techniques of making polyester filaments of non-round cross-section.
  • the preparation of the polyester staple fiber is otherwise conventional, involving the steps of melt-spinning polymer into filaments, collecting the filaments into a tow, drawing the tow, and applying a suitable coating water-dispersible to impart characteristics. If low shrinkage is desired, the drawn filaments are generally annealed.
  • an appropriate coating to promote water-dispersibility is important, and more of such coating is generally required than for comparable weights of fiber of round cross-section of similar dpf, because of the larger surface area of the periphery of the cruciform cross-section. It is especially important to provide good boundary lubrication properties. For this reason, an ethoxylated coating is preferred.
  • Suitable coatings are disclosed in Hawkins, U. S. Pat. Nos. 4,137,181, 4,179,543 and 4,294,883 and also in copending USSN 721,344, filed simultaneously herewith in the names of van Issum and Schluter, disclosing the use of a synthetic copolyester of poly(ethylene terephthalate) units and poly(oxyalkylene) of groups derived from a poly(oxyalkylene) glycol having an average molecular weight in the range of 300 to 6,000, as disclosed, e.g. in McIntyre, et al. U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • Such polyester fiber is generally prepared first in the form of a continuous filamentary uncrimped tow or, if extra bulk is required, and a more three-dimensional matrix, the filaments may be provided with mild wave-like undulations by a mild crimping-type process, and the uncrimped or mildly wave-like filaments are cut to the desired cut length, i.e. to form the water-dispersible fibex, which is generally sold in the form of bales, or other packages of cut fiber.
  • Suitable cut lengths are generally from about 5 to about 90 mm (1/4 to 3 inches), generally up to 60 mm (2-1/2 inches), and of length/diameter (L/D) ratio from about 100:1 to about 2000:1, preferably about 150:1 to about 2000:1, it being an advantage of the invention that good performance has been obtainable with preferred water-dispersible fiber of the invention with an L/D ratio higher than we have considered satisfactory with prior art water-dispersible polyester fiber. For instance, machine manufacturers have generally recommended that the L/D ratio not exceed 500:1, and many operators have considered even this figure unrealistically high.
  • a suitable denier per filament is generally from about 0.5 to about 20.
  • the coating is generally present in amount about 0.04 to about 1.0% of the weight of fiber (OWF%), it being an advantage that smaller amounts may generally be used than we have considered satisfactory according to the prior art.
  • the coating is preferably cured on the filaments by heating the coated filaments, or the resulting staple fiber, if desired, to a temperature of about 100° to about 190° to improve durability.
  • Fiber A a comparison of round cross section
  • Fiber N a fiber of the invention of cruciform cross section
  • Fiber A was spun at 1600 ypm into filaments with conventional radial air quenching using a 900 hole spinneret, with round holes 0.015 inches in diameter and capillary length of 0.030 inches, a 270°C block, and polymer throughput 68.2 pounds/hour. Denier per filament was 3.67. Fiber A was then oriented by running over a set of feed rools at 29.3 ypm, followed by a set of draw rolls at 80.0 ypm, and delivered to a conveyer by puller rolls at 80.1 ypm. Between feed roll sections the filaments were treated in a 45°C water bath. Between feed and draw rolls the rope was sprayed with water at 98°C.
  • Fiber N was produced in a similar manner to Fiber A except that 625 filaments of 3.22 dpf and cruciform cross-section were spun through capillaries as shown in Figure 2, with block temperature 273°C, and throughput 42.9 pounds/hour. Roll speeds for the orientation were feed rolls 32.1 ypm, draw rolls 80.2 ypm and puller rolls 79.2 ypm, and a somewhat higher level of water-dispersible coating was used to offset approximately 57% higher surface area of the cruciform cross-section.
  • Fibers were dispersed for three minutes in a small pulper at 0.75% consistency (lbs. fiber per 100 lbs. slurry, or furnish). The cylindrical pulper was approximately 3 feet in diameter by 6 feet deep. Fibers were then mixed with unrefined sulphite pulp to form a 50% polyester blend and diluted to 0.1% consistency in a 10 cubic meter stock tank. This stock was further diluted in the headbox of the machine to 0.0143% consistency and formed into a 0.5 meter wide wet lay nonwoven fabric at 20 meters/minute. A spray of an acrylic binder, Acronyl 240D was spray applied at the end of the Fourdrinier wire. The fabric was then cured in a through air drier at 150°C. Finished fabric weight averaged 40 grams/square meter.
  • Dispersion quality can be judged by the uniformity of the fabric produced from a given sample. As cut length increases, the uniformity of the fabric can generally be expected to suffer significantly. However, great advantages can result from using a longer fiber because the fabric tear strength increases, for example. In practice, therefore, a fabric producer will generally wish to use the longest fiber that will meet his uniformity standards. Thus, a longer fiber with improved, or equivalent uniformity would be preferred.
  • Fiber N had the following average properties:
  • Item N On balance, Item N exhibited advantages in the important areas of higher permeability, opacity, bulk and tear strength compared to the control at equivalent tensile strength with a small reduction in stretch.
  • the cover advantage is important because less fiber can be used for a nonwoven fabric with similar performance characteristics, thereby saving materials cost.
  • the fabrics of Item N also have an attractive flannel-like hand.
  • the cruciform cross-section fiber of the invention When used with the appropriate water-dispersible coating in appropriate amount, the cruciform cross-section fiber of the invention has given a fabric with surprisingly good dispersion uniformity, and the properties indicated.
  • the undispersed fiber exists in logs or clumps of many hundreds of fibers, most of which are on the inside of the logs. Therefore the undispersed surface area is negligible compared to the dispersed area, and the energy term can be expressed approximately as:
  • This energy term describes both the energy required to disperse the fiber, and the free energy driving force for reagglomeration. Therefore, for any given coating, and fiber dpf, fibers with lower area would be expected to provide a more uniform dispersion, hence more uniform fabric. The minimum surface area per unit weight for a given fiber occurs when the cross-section is round, which would be expected, therefore, to be preferred.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
EP86104816A 1985-04-09 1986-04-09 Fibre synthétique dispersible dans l'eau Expired EP0198401B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86104816T ATE44787T1 (de) 1985-04-09 1986-04-09 Wasserdispergierbare synthesefaser.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US72134685A 1985-04-09 1985-04-09
US721346 1985-04-09

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0198401A1 true EP0198401A1 (fr) 1986-10-22
EP0198401B1 EP0198401B1 (fr) 1989-07-19

Family

ID=24897603

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86104816A Expired EP0198401B1 (fr) 1985-04-09 1986-04-09 Fibre synthétique dispersible dans l'eau

Country Status (11)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0198401B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS62502484A (fr)
KR (1) KR880002441B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1005734B (fr)
AT (1) ATE44787T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA1280266C (fr)
DE (1) DE3664503D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES8800998A1 (fr)
FI (1) FI80078C (fr)
IE (1) IE57359B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1986006112A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5057368A (en) * 1989-12-21 1991-10-15 Allied-Signal Filaments having trilobal or quadrilobal cross-sections
GB2262947A (en) * 1991-12-27 1993-07-07 Nissan Motor Sound absorbing fibrous materials
US6250948B1 (en) * 2000-01-31 2001-06-26 Avava Technology Corp. Cylindrical front access connector

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4731239A (en) * 1983-01-10 1988-03-15 Gordon Robert T Method for enhancing NMR imaging; and diagnostic use
CN100462492C (zh) * 2006-01-20 2009-02-18 泉州海天轻纺有限公司 具有抗紫外和吸湿排汗功能的纺织品的制备方法
JP2017145527A (ja) * 2016-02-17 2017-08-24 日本製紙株式会社 壁紙

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2945739A (en) 1955-06-23 1960-07-19 Du Pont Process of melt spinning
GB958350A (en) 1963-02-18 1964-05-21 Ass Elect Ind Improvements in and relating to electric incandescent lamps
US3249669A (en) 1964-03-16 1966-05-03 Du Pont Process for making composite polyester filaments
US3416952A (en) 1963-06-05 1968-12-17 Ici Ltd Surface modifying treatment of shaped articles made from polyesters
FR2124574A1 (en) * 1971-02-08 1972-09-22 Bayer Ag Aq fibre suspensions - prepd with segment structure emulsifiers for processing on paper machines
US3981807A (en) 1973-09-27 1976-09-21 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Durable textile treating adducts
US4007083A (en) 1973-12-26 1977-02-08 International Paper Company Method for forming wet-laid non-woven webs
US4134882A (en) 1976-06-11 1979-01-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Poly(ethylene terephthalate)filaments
US4137181A (en) 1976-08-19 1979-01-30 Hoechst Fibers Industries Staple fiber, finish therefor and process for use of same
US4195051A (en) 1976-06-11 1980-03-25 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for preparing new polyester filaments
US4294883A (en) 1976-08-19 1981-10-13 Hoechst Fibers Industries, Div. Of American Hoechst Corporation Staple fiber, finish therefor and process for use of same
US4297414A (en) * 1978-07-07 1981-10-27 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Reinforcing material for hydraulic substances and method for the production thereof

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3156085A (en) * 1959-09-24 1964-11-10 Du Pont Continuous composite polyester filament yarn
DE1635684A1 (de) * 1963-07-24 1969-10-16 Glanzstoff Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung textiler Flaechengebilde mit filzartigem Charakter
US3625754A (en) * 1970-02-02 1971-12-07 Beaunit Corp Surface-modified polyester article
US3702260A (en) * 1971-01-18 1972-11-07 Beaunit Corp Coated polyester fiberfill
JPS5685436A (en) * 1979-12-12 1981-07-11 Toray Industries Synthetic staple fiber mixture having animal wool like feeling and animal wool like yarn
JPS5881609A (ja) * 1981-11-04 1983-05-17 Nippon Ester Co Ltd 極細異形断面糸の溶融紡糸方法

Patent Citations (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2945739A (en) 1955-06-23 1960-07-19 Du Pont Process of melt spinning
GB958350A (en) 1963-02-18 1964-05-21 Ass Elect Ind Improvements in and relating to electric incandescent lamps
US3416952A (en) 1963-06-05 1968-12-17 Ici Ltd Surface modifying treatment of shaped articles made from polyesters
US3557039A (en) 1963-06-05 1971-01-19 Ici Ltd Aqueous dispersion of block or graft polymer useful in surface modifying treatment of polyester shaped articles
US3619269A (en) 1963-06-05 1971-11-09 Ici Ltd Surface modifying treatment of shaped articles made from polyesters
US3249669A (en) 1964-03-16 1966-05-03 Du Pont Process for making composite polyester filaments
FR2124574A1 (en) * 1971-02-08 1972-09-22 Bayer Ag Aq fibre suspensions - prepd with segment structure emulsifiers for processing on paper machines
US3981807A (en) 1973-09-27 1976-09-21 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Durable textile treating adducts
US4007083A (en) 1973-12-26 1977-02-08 International Paper Company Method for forming wet-laid non-woven webs
US4134882A (en) 1976-06-11 1979-01-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Poly(ethylene terephthalate)filaments
US4195051A (en) 1976-06-11 1980-03-25 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process for preparing new polyester filaments
US4137181A (en) 1976-08-19 1979-01-30 Hoechst Fibers Industries Staple fiber, finish therefor and process for use of same
US4179543A (en) 1976-08-19 1979-12-18 Hoechst Fibers Industries, Division Of American Hoechst Corporation Staple fiber, finish therefor and process for use of same
US4294883A (en) 1976-08-19 1981-10-13 Hoechst Fibers Industries, Div. Of American Hoechst Corporation Staple fiber, finish therefor and process for use of same
US4297414A (en) * 1978-07-07 1981-10-27 Mitsui Petrochemical Industries, Ltd. Reinforcing material for hydraulic substances and method for the production thereof

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JAPANESE PATENTS GAZETTE, week 8403, 29th February 1984, page 8, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; & JP - A - 58 208 500 (TEIJIN) 05-12-1983 *
JAPANESE PATENTS GAZETTE, week E40, 17th November 1982, page 7, Derwent Publications Ltd., London, GB; & JP - A - 57 139 600 (TEIJIN) 28-08-1982 *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5057368A (en) * 1989-12-21 1991-10-15 Allied-Signal Filaments having trilobal or quadrilobal cross-sections
GB2262947A (en) * 1991-12-27 1993-07-07 Nissan Motor Sound absorbing fibrous materials
US5286929A (en) * 1991-12-27 1994-02-15 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Sound absorbing materials
GB2262947B (en) * 1991-12-27 1996-05-22 Nissan Motor Sound absorbing materials
US6250948B1 (en) * 2000-01-31 2001-06-26 Avava Technology Corp. Cylindrical front access connector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES553822A0 (es) 1987-12-01
CN86102459A (zh) 1986-10-08
CN1005734B (zh) 1989-11-08
KR880700116A (ko) 1988-02-15
DE3664503D1 (en) 1989-08-24
FI864687A (fi) 1986-11-18
ES8800998A1 (es) 1987-12-01
IE860905L (en) 1986-10-09
FI80078B (fi) 1989-12-29
FI80078C (fi) 1990-04-10
ATE44787T1 (de) 1989-08-15
JPS62502484A (ja) 1987-09-24
IE57359B1 (en) 1992-08-12
JPH0331804B2 (fr) 1991-05-08
FI864687A0 (fi) 1986-11-18
CA1280266C (fr) 1991-02-19
KR880002441B1 (ko) 1988-11-12
EP0198401B1 (fr) 1989-07-19
WO1986006112A1 (fr) 1986-10-23

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