EP0196284B1 - Well drilling apparatus - Google Patents

Well drilling apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0196284B1
EP0196284B1 EP86850036A EP86850036A EP0196284B1 EP 0196284 B1 EP0196284 B1 EP 0196284B1 EP 86850036 A EP86850036 A EP 86850036A EP 86850036 A EP86850036 A EP 86850036A EP 0196284 B1 EP0196284 B1 EP 0196284B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drill string
shaft
pipe
skirt
pipe handler
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP86850036A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0196284A1 (en
Inventor
Bjarne Skeie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mhwirth AS
Original Assignee
Maritime Hydraulics AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maritime Hydraulics AS filed Critical Maritime Hydraulics AS
Priority to AT86850036T priority Critical patent/ATE54480T1/de
Publication of EP0196284A1 publication Critical patent/EP0196284A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0196284B1 publication Critical patent/EP0196284B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/02—Rod or cable suspensions
    • E21B19/06—Elevators, i.e. rod- or tube-gripping devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/02—Rod or cable suspensions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B19/00—Handling rods, casings, tubes or the like outside the borehole, e.g. in the derrick; Apparatus for feeding the rods or cables
    • E21B19/16—Connecting or disconnecting pipe couplings or joints
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/02—Swivel joints in hose-lines
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/10—Valve arrangements in drilling-fluid circulation systems
    • E21B21/106—Valve arrangements outside the borehole, e.g. kelly valves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B3/00—Rotary drilling
    • E21B3/02—Surface drives for rotary drilling
    • E21B3/022—Top drives

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a well drilling apparatus of the type suspended from a travelling block in a derrick for movement upwardly and downwardly with a drill string to perform drilling and round trip operations, the apparutus including an upper unit comprising drive means for rotating a hollow drive shaft connectable to the drill string and means for retaining the upper unit against rotation, and a pipe handler apparatus comprising a torque wrench for connecting or disconnecting the drive shaft and the drill string, and a link hanger from which two links support an elevator.
  • an apparatus is known from EP-A-89599.
  • a rotatable, polygonal pipe is suspended from the hoist hook above a mud swivel.
  • the kelly is threaded at the lower end and attached by means of the latter to the complementary threading in the upper end of the drill string.
  • the kelly is rotated by means of a rotary table and gradually moves axially in relation to the rotary table as the drill bit descends.
  • One of the disadvantages of this system is that it can handle only a single, 9 m (30-foot) section of drill pipe at a time.
  • each stand consisting of three lengths of pipe. These are stored in racks as they are hoisted up from the well and disconnected from the rest of the drill string.
  • the drill pipe is thus stored in stands of three pipe sections in the pipe racks.
  • new drill pipe needs to be added to the string during drilling, only a single length of about 9 meters long (30 feet) drill pipe may be entered and rotated into the last pipe on the drill string, and the upper end of the new pipe attached to the kelly. This is a relatively time- consuming procedure. Considering that new drill pipe must be added to the string several times an hour, it can be easily understood that substantial savings of time and money could be achieved if this procedure can reduce the number of operations to one-third by adding whole stands during the drilling, each stand consisting of three single sections.
  • the rotary device itself is attached to the travelling block of the draw-works on the derrick.
  • the rotary device turns a shaft which is rotatably suspended from the mud swivel.
  • an entire pipe stand consisting of three sections of pipe of about 27 meters (90 feet) total length can be connected to the upper end of the drill string. This obviously saves both time and work.
  • a disadvantage of this apparatus is that it is not possible, at least not without special, time- consuming modifications, to carry out a tripping operation. The main reason is that some twisting builds up in the drill string during drilling. The twisting may in face constitute several turns of the string when the upper and lower end of the drill string are seen in relation to each other.
  • This twist causes powerful torque to be applied to the drill string and, in turn, to the drilling apparatus.
  • the upper end of the drill string is enclosed by the elevator.
  • the drill string When the drill string is lifted, it is suspended in the elevator.
  • the lower part of the drill string will often during the lifting operation be prevented from rotating freely, whereby twisting will still be present in the string, to be transformed to the elevator and, in turn, to the link hanger.
  • the powerful torque, and the rather rough handling of the drill string during lifting may, in extreme cases when the string is still in a twisted state, cause the individual drill pipes to unscrew from each other, which leads to operations requiring considerable resources, a situation to be avoided at all costs.
  • the lower part of the known apparatus is, admittedly, mounted so as to be rotatable to a certain degree, however, here the transfer of hydraulic fluid and air from the fixed part of the apparatus to the rotatable part occurs through a number of hoses, which means that if tripping is to be performed, these hoses would have to be disconnected.
  • Other disadvantages are also present if the known apparatus were to be used for tripping with the drill string, because the apparatus has not been constructed with this function in mind. Therefore, tripping is performed in the conventional manner.
  • Another disadvantage is that entering of the conical threaded joints between the pipes and the shaft of the well drilling apparatus has to be effected by moving the entire drilling apparatus with the draw-works in the vertical direction, which involves large and unruly masses, resulting in a risk of impacts and bumps during the alignment of the connections, with a great danger of damaging the threads of the joints.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a drilling apparatus of the type recited above which does not have the above-mentioned disadvantages, and which is constructed for performing the tripping function and thus is admirably suited for this, as well as having a number of other advantages.
  • a travelling block On an oil derrick 1, a travelling block is provided in a manner allowing lifting, to which is attached a crane hook 2, which crane hook can be moved vertically by means of a draw-works, which is not illustrated in the drawing. With the aid of parallel arms 3, the hook can also be moved in the lateral direction, and be guided approximately vertically along the rails 5. Via a link 6, a mud swivel 7 is suspended from the crane hook, through which mud is supplied to the drill string 4.
  • an upper grab tool 8 with a grab head 9 together with a lower grab arm 10 with a rotatable grab head 11 can move a stand from an operative position to a rack on the derrick, and vice versa, during tripping.
  • a roughneck 12 comprising a torque wrench and a spinner which rotate a length of pipe in such a way that a joint is screwed together and correct torque is applied, and, conversely, releases the joints and rotates the upper section out of the drill string.
  • the apparatus may include a hollow shaft assembly 13 (see Figure 4) provided below the swivel 7, which freely rotates in the swivel.
  • the shaft is divided into a plurality of detachable parts, known as subs.
  • the shaft 13 is rotatably mounted within a support means 14 to which a gear box 15 is rigidly attached.
  • a powerful rotary motor 16 is mounted on the gear box, driving the shaft 13 via a transmission gear 17.
  • the gear box can be blocked by a pawl (not shown).
  • the above-recited parts are included in the upper nonrotatable unit of the drilling apparatus.
  • the well drilling apparatus further includes a swivel 28 for the transfer, with no need of hoses, of compressed air/hydraulic fluid from the non- rotatable unit to a rotatable unit including a torque wrench 54, a link hanger 35 with suspended links 37 which supports the elevator 38.
  • the lower unit may further include a bearing cage 40 and hydraulic cylinders 24, 25, 45, 46.
  • the torque wrench 54 connects and disconnects the joints between each drill pipe.
  • the shaft 13 has an expanded section 18 with a central ventilated cavity 19 within which a shaft head 20 can move freely.
  • seals 60 are provided, which coacts with a centrally disposed pipe 61, which extends inside the shaft 13 from its upper section and a distance into the moveable shaft head 20.
  • a downward-extending shaft pin 21 is sealingly attached to the shaft head 20, ensuring liquid-tight communication for mud in the central regions of the shaft 13, the pipe 61, and the shaft pin 21.
  • a carrier part 41 is attached in the lower end of the expanded section 18 of the shaft 13.
  • the carrier part 41 has internal, longitudinal splines, while a section 21' of the shaft pin 21 has external, longitudinal splines for slideable guide, interaction, and the transfer of torque from the expanded section 18 to the shaft pin 21 during drilling.
  • the carrier part 41 has an upper shoulder, against which the shaft head 20 rests during drilling (the drill string in tension). According to the above, the shaft head 20 can move telescopically along the pipe 61 in the cavity 19, restricted by the upper end wall of the cavity and the shoulder of the carrier part 41.
  • annular flange 23 is provided outside the expanded section 18 of the shaft 13, with lugs connected for the attachment of hydraulic cylinders 24, 25.
  • Hydraulic cylinders 42, 43 are provided outside the hydraulic cylinders 24, 25, so that they are constructed as two hydraulic cylinders inside one another, where the cylinders 24, 25 constitute the piston rods for the hydraulic cylinders 42, 43, said piston rods being provided with stationary pistons 44. See Fig. 6, which shows the cylinder 42 in its upper position.
  • the internal or lower parts of the hydraulic cylinders 24, 25 are connected to a bearing cage 40 with centrally positioned sliding bearing surfaces for interaction with a sliding bearing 56, which together constitute a thrust bearing 40, 56.
  • the bearing 40, 56 is shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 9.
  • the sliding bearing 56 is attached to the shaft pin 21 both non-rotatably and so as to prevent the bearing to move axially in relation to the shaft pin.
  • On activation of the internal or lower hydraulic cylinders 24, 25, these actuates the bearing cage 40, which in turn acts on the sliding bearing 56.
  • the bearing 56 which is permanently fixed to the shaft pin 21, thus operates the shaft pin 21 and the shaft head 20. This operation can be performed with the shaft pin 21 rotating.
  • a rotatable sleeve 22 is provided (see Fig. 5), which is suspended via an axial bearing 26, through an annular flange ring 101 and to a skirt 27, which in turn is attached under the gear box 15.
  • compressed air and/or hydraulic fluid is supplied being controlled from a control panel.
  • twisting will occur in the drill string during drilling, and the drill string must be un-twisted during tripping.
  • Compressed air/hydraulic fluid is supplied via hoses (not shown) to a number of separate grooves 29 running along the inner circumference of the skirt 27. Between each groove, seals are provided.
  • the grooves 29 correspond to a similar number of axial passages 30 via a similar number of transverse passages 31, so that air/fluid may be transferred from the groove 29 to the transverse passage 31 and the passages 30, irrespective of the relative position between the rotatable part 22 and the stationary part 27.
  • the passages 30 are in turn connected to hoses which extends to the individual components (elevator, torque wrench, etc.). In this way, compressed air/hydraulic fluid is transferred without need of hoses from the upper nonrotatable unit of the well drilling apparatus to the lower rotatable unit.
  • the external wall of the hydraulic cylinders 42, 43 supports the link-hanger 35 (see Figure 4 and 6).
  • the link-hanger 35 When fluid is suppplied to the outer cylinders 42, 43 above the stationary pistons 44, the link-hanger 35 will be raised, and may be lowered again on the return of the fluid, optionally supplying fluid under the stationary pistons 44. (See broken-line passages, Figure 6).
  • the link-hanger 35 is in-rotatably connected to the sleeve 22, said sleeve being provided with a massive external glide key 65, and the internal bore of the link-hanger 35 is provided with corresponding key grooves, in order to rigidly transfer a considerable torque.
  • the elevator 38 is a device having a central bore of a shape complementary to the upper, expanded end of a drill pipe 39.
  • the elevator may be divided so that it may be inserted over the upper, expanded end of the drill pipe.
  • the elevator 38 and the link-hanger 35 follow each other and will normally adopt one of three positions.
  • the upper position is adopted during drilling when the drilling equipment approaches the rig floor in order to get as close as possible to this with the drilling equipment itself.
  • the link-hanger 35 rests freely on Belleville springs (not shown), which springs rest against the lower collars of the hydraulic cylinders 24, 25 (or the piston rods).
  • the Belleville springs are compressed until the link-hanger 35 stops against an external shoulder (Fig. 4) on the lower part 55 of the expanded section 18 of the shaft 13, thus resulting in the load being transferred from the elevator 38 via the links 37 to the link-hanger 35 and on to the shaft 13 via the shaft sections 55 and 18.
  • the twisting may be relieved by a motor 33 (Fig. 5), the pinion 34 of which engages with a gear wheel 32, which is connected to the support means 26 and permanently connected to the annular flange 23.
  • the motor 33 may also be used for rotating the elevator into the correct position when said elevator is to open/close for, respectively, the insertion/fetching of stands of drill pipe, into/from the pipe racks.
  • Two hydraulic cylinders 45 and 46 are provided under the bearing cage 40.
  • the piston rods 45' and 46' cooperate with an axially slidable sleeve 47, having a guide channel 48, which operates a handle 49 of an internal blow-out preventer, known as an IBOP 50, which is clearly seen in Fig. 8.
  • This consists of a turntable, spherical body 52 having a counterbore 51, i.e. some sort of a ball valve.
  • the ball On operation of the handle 49, the ball may be rotated for opening, respectively, closing, of the through passage in the drill string, in the same way as a conventional two-way cock.
  • To the lower side of the bearing cage 40 the torque wrench 54 is attached via a strut member 53.
  • the invention works in the following manner during drilling.
  • the elevator 38 is set in the correct angular position for receiving a stand of drill pipe.
  • the travelling block with the entire drilling apparatus is guided into an upper position, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the pipe handling equipment 8, 9, 10, 11 a pipe is guided into operative position and into the open elevator, while simultaneously the handling system lowers the pipe into the upper joint on the last pipe of the drill string, which is held in a fixed position at the rig floor in wedge slips.
  • the iron roughneck 12 which is provided on the rig floor, is employed.
  • the torque wrench 54 which comprises two jaws arranged one above the other, the jaws being to some extent turntable in relation to each other, adds the joint between the drill pipe and the shaft pin 21 with sufficient torque.
  • a stand of pipe is hoisted up from the well, and the upper end of the next stand is fastened by means of the wedge slips.
  • the stand consisting of three lengths of pipe, is then detached from the rest of the drill string at the rig floor level by means of the torque wrench on the iron roughneck.
  • the spinner on the iron roughneck 12 then rotates the stand so that the entire threaded connection is released.
  • the elevator 38 has been moved a short distance downwardly, so that the upper end of the stand of pipe can rotate freely in relation to the elevator.
  • the stand which is now detached, is clamped by the grab tools 8 and 10 and transported to the pipe rack, while simultaneously the elevator is opened and rotated in the correct direction for removing the pipe.
  • the entire drill string is suspended from the shaft 13, as mentioned above.
  • the hydraulic cylinders 42 and 43 may act like springs.
  • the hydraulic oil then flows over a circuit with an adjustable valve, so that at a predetermined load on the links 37, oil will bleed out from the upper chamber in the hydraulic cylinders above the piston 44, and thus the link-hanger 35 will be pulled down so that their lower edge rests against a substantial shoulder on the part 55 on the expanded section 18 of the shaft 13. In this way, the weight of the entire drill string may be transferred to the travelling block.
  • a rather high degree of twist may be imparted to the drill pipe owing to the nature of the well itself.
  • This torque can be taken up without problems by the apparatus during tripping, because the link-hanger 35 can rotate controllably in relation to the upper section of the drilling apparatus. If the drill pipe sticks during the pulling operation, the pipe must be rotated and mud pumped down into the well. This is done by coupling the outwardly extending shaft pin 21 to the upper part of the drill string, so that the entire weight of the drill string now hangs in the normal manner from the appartus as it does during drilling, except that the drill string is now being hoisted up while being rotated instead of being lowered down into the well.
  • the apparatus of the invention comprises three separate, independently movable systems.
  • the cylinders 24 and 25 can move the pin 21 in and out, and thus shorten or extend the shaft length 13.
  • the link-hanger 35 can be moved independently up and down on the sleeve 22, i.e. in relation to the shaft 13, and thus the elevator 38 is movable up and down independently of the shaft 13.
  • the link-hanger 35 with associated parts may be rotated in relation to the upper section of the well drilling apparatus.
  • the thrust bearing 40, 56 comprises, as previously mentioned, of a sliding bearing 56 and a bearing cage 40 with sliding surfaces as can be seen in Fig. 7 and Fig. 9.
  • the sliding bearing 56 is attached to the shaft in such a manner that it has high inertial resistance both to rotation and to axial movement in relation to the shaft.
  • the bearing ring 57 is divided diametrically at 58.
  • the two bearing ring members are held together by bolts 59, indicated by broken lines in Fig. 9.
  • the object of a separatable bearing is to enable the piston rods on the hydraulic cylinders 24 and 25 to be moved upwardly without operating the shaft pin 21. To enable this, the handle 49 for operating the valve body 51 in the IBOP 50 must be removed.
  • the sleeve 47 with the guide channel 48 can then slide outside the IBOP.
  • the purpose for this is to permit maintenance work on the IBOP or to allow a check valve to be introduced into the drill string.
  • the hydraulic cylinders 24, 25 are drawn up high enough that the torque wrench 54 can break loose the upper joint for the IBOP. This provides sufficient access for overhauling or replacing the IBOP.
  • the shaft 13 can at any time be entered into the drill pipe and the IBOP can be closed by remote control.
  • a check valve with barbs is then inserted into the drill string through the opening 52 in the valve body 51 in the IBOP after this has been opened just long enough to allow the valve to be guided down into the drill string.
  • the IBOP is then reconnected to the pin 21.
  • the check valve will be forced downwardly in the pipe. Tripping to get the drill bit down to the bottom of the well can then commence.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Drilling And Boring (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Drilling Tools (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)
EP86850036A 1984-01-25 1984-05-28 Well drilling apparatus Expired - Lifetime EP0196284B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86850036T ATE54480T1 (de) 1984-01-25 1984-05-28 Bohrloch-bohrvorrichtung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO840285A NO154578C (no) 1984-01-25 1984-01-25 Broennboreinnretning.
NO840285 1984-01-25

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84850163.1 Division 1984-05-28

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0196284A1 EP0196284A1 (en) 1986-10-01
EP0196284B1 true EP0196284B1 (en) 1990-07-11

Family

ID=19887460

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84850163A Expired EP0150695B1 (en) 1984-01-25 1984-05-28 Well drilling assembly
EP86850036A Expired - Lifetime EP0196284B1 (en) 1984-01-25 1984-05-28 Well drilling apparatus

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84850163A Expired EP0150695B1 (en) 1984-01-25 1984-05-28 Well drilling assembly

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (2) US4593773A (ko)
EP (2) EP0150695B1 (ko)
JP (1) JPS60159295A (ko)
KR (1) KR900006634B1 (ko)
AT (2) ATE39969T1 (ko)
AU (1) AU569740B2 (ko)
CA (1) CA1223247A (ko)
DE (2) DE3476096D1 (ko)
DK (1) DK244584A (ko)
NO (1) NO154578C (ko)

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DK244584D0 (da) 1984-05-17
ATE54480T1 (de) 1990-07-15
US4593773A (en) 1986-06-10
AU2805984A (en) 1985-08-01
US4791999A (en) 1988-12-20
CA1223247A (en) 1987-06-23
DK244584A (da) 1985-07-26
JPS60159295A (ja) 1985-08-20
EP0150695A3 (en) 1985-08-21
NO840285L (no) 1985-07-26
AU569740B2 (en) 1988-02-18
DE3482708D1 (de) 1990-08-16
NO154578B (no) 1986-07-21
NO154578C (no) 1986-10-29
KR900006634B1 (ko) 1990-09-15
DE3476096D1 (en) 1989-02-16
EP0150695A2 (en) 1985-08-07
EP0150695B1 (en) 1989-01-11
KR850005546A (ko) 1985-08-26
EP0196284A1 (en) 1986-10-01
ATE39969T1 (de) 1989-01-15

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