WO2012048458A1 - 组合钻具 - Google Patents

组合钻具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012048458A1
WO2012048458A1 PCT/CN2010/077672 CN2010077672W WO2012048458A1 WO 2012048458 A1 WO2012048458 A1 WO 2012048458A1 CN 2010077672 W CN2010077672 W CN 2010077672W WO 2012048458 A1 WO2012048458 A1 WO 2012048458A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
joint
rod
drill
segment
rod segment
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2010/077672
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
冯春保
Original Assignee
石家庄中煤装备制造股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 石家庄中煤装备制造股份有限公司 filed Critical 石家庄中煤装备制造股份有限公司
Priority to AU2010362505A priority Critical patent/AU2010362505A1/en
Priority to US13/878,716 priority patent/US20130220705A1/en
Priority to EP10858290.9A priority patent/EP2628891A4/en
Priority to RU2013112502/03A priority patent/RU2528318C1/ru
Priority to PCT/CN2010/077672 priority patent/WO2012048458A1/zh
Publication of WO2012048458A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012048458A1/zh

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/02—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing
    • B28D1/04—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with circular or cylindrical saw-blades or saw-discs
    • B28D1/041—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by sawing with circular or cylindrical saw-blades or saw-discs with cylinder saws, e.g. trepanning; saw cylinders, e.g. having their cutting rim equipped with abrasive particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
    • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
    • B28D1/14—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by boring or drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
    • E21B17/042—Threaded
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/002—Drilling with diversely driven shafts extending into the borehole

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drilling tool, and more particularly to a combination drilling tool, and more particularly to a combination drilling tool suitable for rapid drilling in hard rock.
  • Drilling in rocks is a very important task in industries such as mining, construction, and tunnels, such as drilling anchor holes and blast holes.
  • drill tools are used, and different drill tools are used depending on the principle of drilling.
  • the so-called impact rotary drilling is to impact the rock, soil, etc. by the drill bit, crushing and crushing, thus completing the drilling;
  • the so-called rotary drilling is through the drill bit to the rock,
  • the soil and the like are only cut and ground to complete the drilling.
  • a common feature is that the power of the power machine is transmitted to the drill bit by the drill pipe to complete the drilling operation.
  • the drill pipe connected to the drill bit is correspondingly
  • differences such as impact rotary drill pipe, rotary drill pipe, etc.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the drill pipe is divided into many types, such as a circular drill pipe, a hexagonal drill pipe, a spiral drill pipe and the like.
  • there are two ways to use the drill pipe One is to use the impact rotary drill pipe, and then the corresponding drill bit is used for drilling. The impact force and the cutting force of the power machine are transmitted to the drill bit, and the rock is frequently impacted by the drill bit.
  • Both of the above methods have fatal shortcomings.
  • For the first method due to mechanical vibration during drilling, high power requirements, and friction between the drill pipe and the hole wall, power loss, high noise, and drilling The entry speed is slow and it is difficult to drill deep holes.
  • For the second method although the drilling can be realized by the high-speed rotation cutting, the drilling speed can be increased, and the deeper holes can be drilled, but the increase of the rotation speed will inevitably lead to the friction between the drill pipe and the hole wall. This not only increases the power loss, but also speeds up the wear of the drill pipe, and the stability and safety of the drill pipe will be greatly reduced.
  • the common feature of the above prior art is that the power of the drilling rig is transmitted to the drill bit through the rotation and/or the axial movement of the drill pipe, so that there is a common disadvantage that the drill pipe always has friction with the hole wall during the movement.
  • the drill pipe When the drilling is deep, a large part of the power is consumed by the friction between the drill pipe and the hole wall.
  • the power can be increased, which further causes waste of energy; in addition, due to drilling There is friction between the drill pipe and the hole wall, and the life of the drill pipe is also shortened due to wear, resulting in an increase in drilling cost.
  • the present invention provides a combined drilling tool, which effectively solves the problem.
  • the combined drilling tool comprises a drill pipe 1, a drill bit 2, a drill bit joint 3, and the drill bit 2 is connected to the drill pipe 1 by the drill bit joint 3, characterized in that the drill pipe 1 is composed of a drill pipe segment 11 connected, each of the drill rod segments 11 comprising an inner rod segment 111 and a hollow outer rod segment 112, the inner rod segment 111 being rotatably secured within the outer rod segment 112, The inner rod segment 111 and the inner rod segment 111 of each of the drill rod segments 11 are joined to form an inner rod 11' of the drill rod 1, the outer rod segment 112 and the outer rod segment 112 are connected The outer rod 12' of the drill pipe 1 is formed, the inner rod 11' of the drill rod 1 being connected to an output shaft of a power machine, the outer rod 12' being fixedly connected to the housing of the power machine.
  • the bit joint 3 comprises an inner joint 31 and a hollow outer joint 32, the inner joint 31 being rotatably mounted in the outer joint 32, one end of the inner joint 31 and the drill pipe 1
  • the inner rod 11' is connected, the other end is connected to the drill bit 2, and the axial and radial forces of the drill bit 2 are transmitted to the outer joint 32 through the inner joint 31, the outer joint 32
  • One end is connected to the outer rod 12' of the drill pipe 1.
  • the inner rod segment 111 of the drill rod segment 11 is mounted in the outer rod segment 112 by a bearing 13 and the inner rod segment 111 is coaxial with the outer rod segment 112
  • the inner rod segment 111 is also formed with a central hole 1111.
  • the inner joint 31 of the drill bit joint 3 is mounted in the outer joint 32 via a bearing 33, and the inner joint 31 is coaxial with the outer joint 32, and a through hole 34 is also formed in the inner joint.
  • the through hole 34 and the center hole 1111 are in communication.
  • the bearing 13 of the drill pipe section 11 comprises two bearings 131, 132 which are held concentric.
  • the bearing 33 of the drill bit joint 3 comprises an axial bearing 331 which receives axial forces and two radial bearings. Force and maintain concentric radial bearings 332, 333.
  • the two bearings 71 and 132 which are kept concentric are self-aligning ball bearings respectively disposed at two ends of the inner rod segment 111, and the axial bearing 331 is a thrust ball bearing, and the radial bearing 332, 333 is a self-aligning ball bearing located on both sides of the axial bearing 331.
  • the inner rod segment 111 and the inner rod segment 111 of the adjacent drill pipe segment 11 of the drill pipe 1 are connected by a thread or a tongue and groove structure
  • the outer rod segment 112 and the outer The rod segments 112 are connected by a thread or tongue and groove structure.
  • the inner rod 11' of the drill pipe 1 and the inner joint 31 of the drill bit joint 3 are connected by a thread or a tongue and groove structure, and the outer rod 12' and the outer joint 32 are threaded. Or the gutter structure is connected.
  • the inner rod segment 111 of the drill pipe segment 11 of the drill pipe 1 has a square groove 1112 at one end and a square head 1113 at the other end, and the square head 1113 can be inserted into the square groove 1112.
  • the outer rod segment 112 of the drill rod segment 11 has an internal thread 1121 at one end and an external thread 1122 at the other end, and the external thread 1122 can be screwed into the internal thread 1121.
  • One end of the inner joint 31 of the drill bit joint 3 is a square groove 312, and the square head 1113 of one end of the inner rod 11' of the drill pipe 1 can be inserted into the square groove at one end of the inner joint 31.
  • one end of the outer joint 32 is an internal thread 321 , and the external thread 1122 at one end of the outer rod 12 ′ of the drill pipe 1 can be screwed into the internal thread 321 at one end of the outer joint 32 .
  • the other end of the outer joint 32 of the drill bit joint 3 is further provided with a plug 322 which is screwed on the outer joint 32, the plug 322 and the inner joint 31
  • a sealing ring 35 is also provided between the outer surface of the inner joint 31 and a step 311 which abuts against the axial bearing 331.
  • inner rod segment 111 and the inner rod segment 111 of the adjacent drill pipe segment 11 of the drill pipe 1 are connected by an inner rod joint 121
  • outer rod segment 112 and the outer rod The segments 112 are connected by an outer rod joint 122.
  • the inner rod segment 111 of the drill rod 1 and the inner joint 31 of the drill bit joint 3 are connected by the inner rod joint 121, the outer rod segment 112 and the outer joint 32 They are connected by the outer rod joint 122.
  • the inner rod segment 111 and the inner joint 31 are connected to the inner rod joint 121 by a tongue or groove, the outer rod segment 112 and the outer joint 32 and the outer rod joint 122 Connected by gutters or threads.
  • the drill pipe is composed of a plurality of drill pipe segments, and the length of the drill pipe can be arbitrarily adjusted, thereby adapting to different drilling depth requirements, reducing the specification and model of the drill pipe, and It is convenient for drilling; a plurality of interconnected drill pipe segments, wherein the inner rod segment and the inner rod segment are connected to form an inner rod of the drill rod, and the outer rod segment and the outer rod segment are connected to form an outer rod of the drill rod,
  • the inner rod connects the output shaft of the power machine with the drill bit, and transmits the axial force and the radial force of the drill bit to the outer rod through the drill joint, so that the inner rod connecting the drill bit can rotate at high speed in the outer rod without
  • the wall of the hole generates friction, and the torque of the power machine is transmitted to the drill bit through the inner rod, and the outer rod is fixedly connected with the casing of the power machine, so as to be fixed and only bear the axial force and the radial force
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a combination drilling tool according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view of a single drill pipe segment in the embodiment of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the bit joint of the embodiment shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing a connection manner of two drill pipe segments shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing a connection manner of the drill pipe segment shown in Figure 2 and the drill bit shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing another connection manner of the two drill pipe segments shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing another connection manner of the drill pipe segment shown in Figure 2 and the drill bit of Figure 3.
  • 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 illustrate a structure and composition of a combination drill according to the present invention, as well as the structure and connection of the various components.
  • 1 shows the structure and composition of an embodiment of the combined drilling tool of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 shows the structure of a single drill pipe segment in the combined drilling tool
  • FIG. 3 shows the combined drilling tool.
  • the structure of the bit joint Figure 4 shows a connection structure of adjacent drill pipe segments in the combined drill
  • Figure 5 shows a connection structure of the drill pipe segment and the bit joint in the combined drill.
  • the combined drilling tool comprises a drill pipe 1 , a drill bit 2 , a drill bit joint 3 , and the drill bit 2 is connected to the drill pipe 1 via the drill bit joint 3 , characterized in that the drill pipe 1 Connected by drill pipe segments 11, each of said drill pipe segments 11 comprising an inner rod segment 111 and a hollow outer rod segment 112, said inner rod segment 111 being rotatably secured to said outer rod In the segment 112, the inner rod segment 111 and the inner rod segment 111 of each of the drill rod segments 11 are joined to form an inner rod 11' of the drill rod 1, the outer rod segment 112 and outer The rod segment 112 connects the outer rod 12' constituting the drill rod 1, the inner rod 11' of the drill rod 1 is connected to an output shaft of a power machine, the outer rod 12' of the drill rod 1 The housing of the power machine is fixedly connected.
  • the drill bit joint 3 includes an inner joint 31 and a hollow outer joint 32 rotatably mounted inside the outer joint 32, one end of the inner joint 31 and the drill pipe 1
  • the inner rod 11' is connected, the other end is connected to the drill bit 2, and the axial force and the radial force of the drill bit 2 are transmitted to the outer joint 32 through the inner joint 31, and one end of the outer joint 32 is The outer rod 12' of the drill pipe 1 is connected.
  • the drill pipe can be arbitrarily combined by the drill pipe segments, so that the length of the drill pipe can be arbitrarily adjusted to meet the needs of different drilling depths;
  • the drill pipe segments constituting the drill pipe include the outer rod segment and the inner rod segment.
  • the inner rod segment and the inner rod segment of each drill rod segment are connected to form an outer rod of the drill rod, the outer rod segment and the outer rod segment are connected to form an outer rod of the drill rod, and finally, the outer rod and the power machine
  • the housing is fixedly connected and the inner rod is connected to the output shaft of the power machine.
  • the outer rod does not move, and the inner rod rotates freely inside the outer rod, and the power is transmitted to the drill bit for drilling, and in the process, the outer rod does not move, so the drill rod and the hole wall are not generated.
  • the inner rod segment 111 of the drill rod segment 11 is mounted in the outer rod segment 112 by a bearing 13 and the inner rod segment 111 is coaxial with the outer rod segment 112.
  • the inner rod segment 111 is also formed with a central bore 1111, the bearing 13 of the drill rod segment 11 comprising two self-aligning self-aligning ball bearings 131, 132, the bearings 131, 132 being respectively disposed in the At both ends of the inner rod segment 111, the outer rod segment 112 of the drill rod segment 11 has an internal thread 1121 at one end and an external thread 1122 at the other end, and the external thread 1122 can be screwed into the internal thread 1121.
  • This structure ensures that the inner rod segment and the inner rod segment of each drill rod segment are connected, the outer rod segment and the outer rod segment are connected, and the inner rod segment can be coaxial with the outer rod segment.
  • the outer rod segment the outer rod is fixed at a high speed and the outer rod is fixed.
  • the central bore of the inner rod segment is connected to a through hole leading to the drill bit, thereby supplying water to the drill bit and discharging the drill slag, improving the efficiency of the drill hole and the life of the drill bit.
  • the inner joint 31 of the drill bit joint 3 is mounted in the outer joint 32 through a bearing 33, and the inner joint 31 is coaxial with the outer joint 32.
  • a through hole 34 is formed in the inner joint, the through hole 34 is in communication with the central hole 1111, and the bearing 33 of the drill bit joint 3 includes a thrust ball bearing 331 and two axial force
  • the self-aligning ball bearings 332, 333 are subjected to a radial force and are kept concentric.
  • the self-aligning ball bearings 332, 333 are located on both sides of the thrust ball bearing 331, and the outer surface of the inner joint 31 is provided with a step 311.
  • the step 311 abuts against the axial bearing 331.
  • This structure of the bit joint not only ensures the coaxial line of the inner joint and the outer joint, so that the inner joint can rotate at a high speed, and the axial force and the radial force on the drill bit can be transmitted to the outer joint through the inner joint, and then transmitted. Give the outer rod.
  • the through hole of the inner joint communicates with the central hole of the inner rod to supply and discharge the drill bit to the drill bit.
  • the outer rod segment 112 and the outer The rod segments 112 are connected by a thread or a tongue and groove structure.
  • the inner rod segment 111 of the drill pipe segment 11 of the drill pipe 1 has a square groove 1112 at one end and a square groove at the other end.
  • the square head 1113 can be inserted into the square slot 1112.
  • the outer rod segment 112 of the drill rod segment 11 has an internal thread 1121 at one end and an external thread 1122 at the other end. The internal thread 1121 can be screwed into the connection of the inner rod segment and the inner rod segment, the outer rod segment and the outer rod segment.
  • the inner rod segment and the inner rod segment are connected by a square head and a square groove. After the connection, the inner rod segment of the inner rod segment has a square head at one end and a square groove at the other end, respectively.
  • the inner joint of the drill bit joint is connected with the output shaft of the power machine; the outer rod segment and the outer rod segment are connected by internal and external threads, and after the connection, the outer rod of the outer rod segment has an external thread at one end and an inner end at the other end. Threads can be connected to the outer joint of the bit joint and the housing of the power machine, respectively.
  • inner rod segments are described by the inner and outer square connections, those skilled in the art know that internal and external thread connections, inner and outer hexagonal connections, inner and outer three-way connections, and the like can also be used.
  • the method of connecting the inner and outer threads between the outer rod segments is described, but it can also be connected by various methods such as inner and outer three-way, four-way or six-way.
  • one end of the inner joint 31 of the drill bit joint 3 is a square groove 312, and the square head 1113 of the inner rod segment 111 at one end of the inner rod 11' of the drill pipe 1 Inserting into the square groove 312 at one end of the inner joint 31;
  • one end of the outer joint 32 is an internal thread 321 , and the outer rod segment of the outer end of the outer rod 12' of the drill pipe 1 is outer
  • the thread 1122 can be screwed into the internal thread 321 at one end of the outer joint 32 to effect the connection of the inner rod and the inner joint, the outer rod and the outer joint.
  • inner rod and the inner joint are described by the inner and outer joints, those skilled in the art know that internal and external thread connections, inner and outer hexagonal connections, and inner and outer three-way connections may also be used.
  • the other end of the outer joint 32 of the drill bit joint 3 is further provided with a plug 322, and the plug 322 is screwed on the outer joint 32, A seal ring 35 is also disposed between the plug 322 and the inner joint 31.
  • This structure is for facilitating the installation of the thrust bearing 331 and maintaining good lubrication of the radial bearing and the thrust bearing to improve the service life.
  • 6 and 7 illustrate another manner of connection between the drill pipe segments of the present invention and between the drill pipe segments and the drill bit joint.
  • the inner rod segment 111 and the inner rod segment 111 of the adjacent drill pipe segment 11 of the drill pipe 1 are connected by an inner rod joint 121
  • the outer rod segment 112 and the outer rod segment 112 are connected by an outer rod joint 122
  • the inner rod segment 111 and the inner rod joint 121 are connected by a gutter structure
  • the outer rod segment 112 is screwed with the outer rod joint 122.
  • the inner rod segment 111 of the drill pipe 1 and the inner joint 31 of the bit joint 3 are connected by the inner rod joint 121, the outer rod segment 112 and The outer joints 32 are connected by the outer rod joint 122.
  • the inner joint 31 and the inner rod joint 121 are connected by a gutter structure, and the outer joint 32 is connected with the outer rod joint 122 by a screw structure.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Description

组合钻具 技术领域
本发明涉及 一种钻具，尤其涉及一种组合钻具， 更具体而言，涉及一种 适用于在硬岩中快速钻进的组合钻具。
背景技术
在岩石中钻孔是采矿、建筑、隧道等行业中非常重要的一项工作，例如钻锚索孔、爆破孔等。在钻孔时，都要用到钻具，根据钻孔的原理不同，使用不同的钻具。目前主要有 冲击回转式钻孔和回转式钻孔，所谓冲击回转式钻孔就是通过钻头对岩石、土壤等进行冲击、挤压使之破碎，从而完成钻孔；所谓回转式钻孔就是通过钻头对岩石、土壤等仅进行切削、磨削，从而完成钻孔。 在钻孔时，无论哪种工作原理，一个共同的特点是：都要用钻杆将动力机械的动力传递到钻头上，以完成钻孔作业。因此， 与钻头连接的 钻杆 相应地 也有所不同，比如有冲击回转式钻杆，回转式钻杆等，且钻杆的截面形状又分很多种，例如圆形钻杆，六方形钻杆，螺旋形钻杆等。 目前经常采用的钻杆有两种方式，一种是采用冲击回转式钻杆，再配合相应钻头进行钻进，是将动力机械的冲击力和切削力均传递给钻头，通过钻头频繁冲击将岩石、土壤等击碎达到钻进的目的；另一种是采用回转式钻杆，再配合相应钻头进行钻进，仅仅将动力机械的切削力和磨削力传递给钻头，仅通过钻头对岩石、土壤等进行切削或磨削达到钻进的目的。
上述两种方式，均存在致命缺点，对于第一种方式，因在钻孔时机械振动较大，功率要求较高，且钻杆和孔壁存在摩擦，因此，功率损耗大、噪音高、钻进速度慢、且很难钻出深孔。对于第二种方式，虽然可以通过高速旋转的切削来实现钻孔，从而提高了钻进速度、也可以钻较深的孔，但是转速的提高，必然导致钻杆与孔壁间的摩擦加剧，这不但使功率损耗加大，也使钻杆的磨损速度加快，而且钻杆的稳定性和安全性也将大大降低。
上述现有技术共同的特点是：通过钻杆的旋转和/或轴向运动将钻机的动力传递到钻头上，从而存在共同的缺点：就是钻杆在运动过程中总要与孔壁发生摩擦，当钻孔较深时，有很大一部分功率要消耗在钻杆与孔壁的摩擦上，为了钻孔需要，只能增大功率，这又进一步造成了能源的浪费；此外，由于钻孔时钻杆与孔壁存在摩擦，钻杆寿命也会因磨损而缩短，致使钻孔成本增加。另外，上述现有技术的钻杆长度固定，如果钻不同深度的孔，只能通过更换钻杆来实现，从而需要制造不同规格的多个钻杆，加工成本高且施工不便。
因此，开发一种能减少钻杆与孔壁的摩擦，在不过多消耗功率的情况下将足够的转速提供给钻头的钻具，显得尤为重要和紧迫，同时要减少钻杆的规格，以适应钻不同深度孔的需要。
 技术问题
为了解决上述现有技术存在的钻杆与孔壁摩擦大、效率低、钻杆规格多而造成成本高和施工不便等问题或者至少之一，本发明提供了一种组合钻具，有效地解决了现有技术的上述缺陷。
技术解决方案
所述组合钻具，包括钻杆1，钻头2，钻头接头3，所述钻头2通过所述钻头接头3与所述钻杆1连接，其特征在于，所述钻杆1由钻杆节段11连接而成，每个所述钻杆节段11包括内杆节段111和中空的外杆节段112，所述内杆节段111可转动地固定在所述外杆节段112内，每个所述钻杆节段11的所述内杆节段111和内杆节段111连接组成所述钻杆1的内杆11'，所述外杆节段112和外杆节段112连接组成所述钻杆1的外杆12'，所述钻杆1的所述内杆11'与动力机械的输出轴连接，所述外杆12'与所述动力机械的壳体固定连接。
优选地，所述钻头接头3包括内接头31和中空的外接头32，所述内接头31可转动地安装在所述外接头32内，所述内接头31的一端与所述钻杆1的所述内杆11'连接，另一端与所述钻头2连接，且所述钻头2的轴向力和径向力通过所述内接头31传递给所述外接头32，所述外接头32的一端与所述钻杆1的所述外杆12'连接。
进一步，所述钻杆节段11的所述内杆节段111通过轴承13安装于所述外杆节段112内，且所述内杆节段111与所述外杆节段112同轴线，所述内杆节段111还成型有中心孔1111。
所述钻头接头3的所述内接头31通过轴承33安装于所述外接头32内，且所述内接头31与所述外接头32同轴线，所述内接头内还成型有通孔34，所述通孔34和所述中心孔1111连通。
所述钻杆节段11的所述轴承13包括两个保持同心的轴承131、132，所述钻头接头3的所述轴承33包括一个承受轴向力的轴向轴承331和两个承受径向力并保持同心的径向轴承332、333。
优选地，两个保持同心的所述轴承131、132为分别设置在所述内杆节段111两端的调心球轴承，所述轴向轴承331为推力球轴承，所述径向轴承332、333为位于所述轴向轴承331两侧的调心球轴承。
进一步，所述钻杆1的相邻所述钻杆节段11的所述内杆节段111和内杆节段111之间通过螺纹或者榫槽结构连接，所述外杆节段112和外杆节段112之间通过螺纹或者榫槽结构连接。
所述钻杆1的所述内杆11'与所述钻头接头3的所述内接头31之间通过螺纹或者榫槽结构连接，所述外杆12'和所述外接头32之间通过螺纹或者榫槽结构连接。
优选地，所述钻杆1的所述钻杆节段11的所述内杆节段111一端为四方槽1112，另一端为四方头1113，所述四方头1113可插入所述四方槽1112中，所述钻杆节段11的所述外杆节段112一端为内螺纹1121，另一端为外螺纹1122，所述外螺纹1122可拧入所述内螺纹1121。
所述钻头接头3的所述内接头31的一端为四方槽312，所述钻杆1的所述内杆11'一端的所述四方头1113可插入所述内接头31一端的所述四方槽312中，所述外接头32的一端为内螺纹321，所述钻杆1的所述外杆12'一端的所述外螺纹1122可拧入所述外接头32一端的所述内螺纹321。
进一步，所述钻头接头3的所述外接头32的另一端还设置有堵头322，所述堵头322通过螺纹固定在所述外接头32上，所述堵头322和所述内接头31之间还设有密封圈35，所述内接头31的外表面设置有台阶311，所述台阶311抵靠在所述轴向轴承331上。
进一步，所述钻杆1的相邻所述钻杆节段11的所述内杆节段111和内杆节段111之间通过内杆接头121连接，所述外杆节段112和外杆节段112之间通过外杆接头122连接。
所述钻杆1的所述内杆节段111与所述钻头接头3的所述内接头31之间通过所述内杆接头121连接，所述外杆节段112和所述外接头32之间通过所述外杆接头122连接。
优选地，所述内杆节段111和所述内接头31与所述内杆接头121通过榫槽或者螺纹连接，所述外杆节段112和所述外接头32与所述外杆接头122通过榫槽或者螺纹连接。
 有益效果
根据本发明提供的上述组合钻具，钻杆为多个钻杆节段组合而成，钻杆的长度可以任意调整，从而可以适应不同钻孔深度的要求，减少了钻杆的规格型号，并便于钻孔施工；多个相互连接的钻杆节段，其内杆节段和内杆节段连接组成钻杆的内杆，外杆节段和外杆节段连接组成钻杆的外杆，内杆将动力机械的输出轴与钻头连接起来，且通过钻头接头将钻头的轴向力和径向力均传递给外杆来承担，从而连接钻头的内杆可以在外杆内高速旋转而不与孔壁产生摩擦，并将动力机械的扭矩通过内杆传递给钻头而外杆与动力机械的壳体固定连接，从而固定不动，只承受钻头的轴向力和径向力，因此本发明的内杆和外杆的组合，可以实现钻杆与孔壁不产生摩擦的情况下使钻头高速旋转，从而使钻孔速度和效率均大为提高；此外，因所述内杆节段中心还成型有中心孔，从而内杆中心形成连通的中心孔，可以通水和排渣，进一步优化钻孔作业，即使在硬岩上也可以实现快速的钻孔。
 附图说明
图1为本发明所述组合钻具一实施例的示意图；
图2为图1所示实施例中单个钻杆节段的示意图；
图3为图1所示实施例中钻头接头的示意图；
图4为两个图2所示钻杆节段的一种连接方式示意图；
图5为图2所示钻杆节段和图3所示钻头接头的一种连接方式示意图；
图6为两个图2所示钻杆节段的另一种连接方式示意图；
图7为图2所示钻杆节段和图3所示钻头接头的另一种连接方式示意图。
 本发明的实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本发明的上述目的、特征和优点，下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步的详细描述。
在下面的描述中阐述了很多具体细节以便于充分理解本发明，但是，本发明还可以采用其他不同于在此描述的其他方式来实施，因此，本发明并不限于下面公开的具体实施例的限制。
图1、图2、图3、图4和图5，示出了根据本发明的组合钻具的一种结构及其组成，以及各个组成部件的结构和连接关系。其中，图1示出了本发明所述组合钻具一实施例的结构及其组成，图2示出该组合钻具中单个钻杆节段的结构，图3示出了该组合钻具中钻头接头的结构，图4示出了该组合钻具中相邻钻杆节段的一种连接结构，图5示出了该组合钻具中钻杆节段和钻头接头的一种连接结构。
如图1所示，所述组合钻具包括钻杆1，钻头2，钻头接头3，所述钻头2通过所述钻头接头3与所述钻杆1连接，其特征在于，所述钻杆1由钻杆节段11连接而成，每个所述钻杆节段11包括内杆节段111和中空的外杆节段112，所述内杆节段111可转动地固定在所述外杆节段112内，每个所述钻杆节段11的所述内杆节段111和内杆节段111连接组成所述钻杆1的内杆11'，所述外杆节段112和外杆节段112连接组成所述钻杆1的外杆12'，所述钻杆1的所述内杆11'与动力机械的输出轴连接，所述钻杆1的所述外杆12'与所述动力机械的壳体固定连接。
所述钻头接头3包括内接头31和中空的外接头32，所述内接头31可转动地安装在所述外接头32的内部，所述内接头31的一端与所述钻杆1的所述内杆11'连接，另一端与所述钻头2连接，且所述钻头2的轴向力和径向力通过所述内接头31传递给所述外接头32，所述外接头32的一端与所述钻杆1的所述外杆12'连接。
本发明提供的上述组合钻具， 其中的钻杆可以由钻杆节段任意组合而成，从而可以任意调整钻杆的长度，满足不同钻孔深度的需要；组成钻杆的钻杆节段包括外杆节段和内杆节段，且每个钻杆节段的内杆节段和内杆节段连接组成钻杆的内杆、外杆节段和外杆节段连接组成钻杆的外杆，最后，外杆与动力机械的壳体固定连接，内杆与动力机械的输出轴连接。这样，在钻孔时，外杆不动、而内杆在外杆内部自由旋转，将动力传递到钻头上进行钻孔，而此过程中，因外杆不动，从而钻杆与孔壁不产生摩擦，减少了功率损失、延长了钻杆的寿命；此外，本发明组合钻具中的钻头接头能够将钻头产生的轴向力和径向力传递到外杆上，然后再通过外杆传递到动力机械的壳体上，从而使内杆节段不承受任何轴向力和径向力，不但可以延长内杆的使用寿命，而且可以实现内杆的高速旋转，提高钻孔的速度，即提高了钻孔的效率。
优选地，如图2所示，本实施例中， 所述钻杆节段11的所述内杆节段111通过轴承13安装于所述外杆节段112内，且所述内杆节段111与所述外杆节段112同轴线，所述内杆节段111还成型有中心孔1111，所述钻杆节段11的所述轴承13包括两个保持同心的调心球轴承131、132，所述轴承131、132分别设置在所述内杆节段111两端，所述钻杆节段11的所述外杆节段112一端为内螺纹1121，另一端为外螺纹1122，所述外螺纹1122可拧入所述内螺纹1121。这种结构，可以保证每个钻杆节段的内杆节段和内杆节段连接，外杆节段和外杆节段连接，且内杆节段可以与外杆节段保持同轴线的情况下，在外杆节段内高速旋转，而外杆固定不动。此外，内杆节段的中心孔连接成通向钻头的通孔，从而可以给钻头供水，并排出钻渣，提高钻孔的效率和钻头寿命。
进一步，如图3所示，本实施例中，所述钻头接头3的所述内接头31通过轴承33安装于所述外接头32内，且所述内接头31与所述外接头32同轴线，所述内接头内还成型有通孔34，所述通孔34和所述中心孔1111连通，所述钻头接头3的所述轴承33包括一个承受轴向力的推力球轴承331和两个承受径向力并保持同心的调心球轴承332、333，所述调心球轴承332、333位于所述推力球轴承331的两侧，所述内接头31的外表面设置有台阶311，所述台阶311抵靠在所述轴向轴承331上。钻头接头的这种结构，不但可以保证内接头和外接头同轴线，从而内接头可以高速旋转，还可以将钻头上的轴向力和径向力通过内接头均传递给外接头，再传递给外杆。此外，内接头的通孔与内杆的中心孔连通，可以给钻头供水和排出钻渣。
优选地，如图4所示，所述钻杆1的相邻所述钻杆节段11的所述内杆节段111和内杆节段111之间，所述外杆节段112和外杆节段112之间通过螺纹或者榫槽结构连接，本实施例中，所述钻杆1的所述钻杆节段11的所述内杆节段111一端为四方槽1112，另一端为四方头1113，所述四方头1113可插入所述四方槽1112中，所述钻杆节段11的所述外杆节段112一端为内螺纹1121，另一端为外螺纹1122，所述外螺纹1122可拧入所述内螺纹1121，实现内杆节段和内杆节段的连接，外杆节段和外杆节段的连接。本实施例中，内杆节段和内杆节段采用四方头和四方槽的连接方式，则连接后，内杆节段组成的内杆一端为四方头，另一端为四方槽，分别可与钻头接头的内接头和动力机械的输出轴连接；外杆节段和外杆节段采用内外螺纹的连接方式，则连接后，外杆节段组成的外杆一端为外螺纹，另一端为内螺纹，可分别与钻头接头的外接头和动力机械的壳体连接。
上述实施例中，虽然内杆节段之间是以内外四方的连接方式进行了说明，但本领域的技术人员知道，还可以采用内外螺纹连接、内外六方连接、内外三方连接，等多种连接方式；外杆节段之间以内外螺纹的连接方式进行了说明，但还可以采用内外三方、四方或者六方等多种方式连接。
进一步，如图5所示，所述钻杆1的所述内杆11'与所述钻头接头3的所述内接头31之间，所述外杆12'和所述外接头32之间通过螺纹或者榫槽结构连接。本实施例中，所述钻头接头3的所述内接头31的一端为四方槽312，所述钻杆1的所述内杆11'一端的所述内杆节段111的所述四方头1113可插入所述内接头31一端的所述四方槽312中；所述外接头32的一端为内螺纹321，所述钻杆1的所述外杆12'一端的外杆节段的所述外螺纹1122可拧入所述外接头32一端的所述内螺纹321，实现内杆和内接头的连接、外杆和外接头的连接。
同理，上述实施例中，虽然内杆与内接头之间是以内外四方的连接方式进行的说明，但本领域的技术人员知道，还可以采用内外螺纹连接、内外六方连接、内外三方连接，等多种连接方式；外杆和外接头之间以内外螺纹的连接方式进行了说明，但还可以采用内外三方、四方或者六方等多种方式连接。
上述实施例中，如图3所示，所述钻头接头3的所述外接头32的另一端还设置有堵头322，所述堵头322通过螺纹固定在所述外接头32上，所述堵头322和所述内接头31之间还设有密封圈35。这种结构是为了方便推力轴承331的安装，并保持径向轴承和推力轴承的良好润滑，提高使用寿命。
图6和图7为本发明所述钻杆节段之间，以及钻杆节段和所述钻头接头之间的另一种连接方式。
如图6所示，所述钻杆1的相邻所述钻杆节段11的所述内杆节段111和内杆节段111之间通过内杆接头121连接，所述外杆节段112和外杆节段112之间通过外杆接头122连接。本实施例中，所述内杆节段111与所述内杆接头121通过榫槽结构连接，所述外杆节段112与所述外杆接头122通过螺纹连接。
如图7所示，所述钻杆1的所述内杆节段111与所述钻头接头3的所述内接头31之间通过所述内杆接头121连接，所述外杆节段112和所述外接头32之间通过所述外杆接头122连接。本实施例中，所述内接头31与所述内杆接头121通过榫槽结构连接，所述外接头32与所述外杆接头122通过螺纹结构连接。
上述图6和图7所示实施例中，虽然内杆节段和内接头与内杆接头之间是以内外四方的连接方式进行了示意，但本领域的技术人员知道，还可以采用内外螺纹连接、内外六方连接、内外三方连接，等多种连接方式；外杆节段和外接头与外杆接头之间以内外螺纹的连接方式进行了示意，但还可以采用内外三方、四方或者六方等多种方式连接。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (14)

1、一种组合钻具，包括钻杆（1），钻头（2），钻头接头（3），所述钻头（2）通过所述钻头接头（3）与所述钻杆（1）连接，其特征在于，所述钻杆（1）由钻杆节段（11）连接而成，每个所述钻杆节段（11）包括内杆节段（111）和中空的外杆节段（112），所述内杆节段（111）可转动地固定在所述外杆节段（112）内，每个所述钻杆节段（11）的所述内杆节段（111）和内杆节段（111）相连接组成所述钻杆（1）的内杆（11’），所述外杆节段（112）和外杆节段（112）相连接组成所述钻杆（1）的外杆（12’），所述钻杆（1）的所述内杆（11’）与动力机械的输出轴连接，所述外杆（12’）与所述动力机械的壳体固定连接。
2、根据权利要求1所述的组合钻具，其特征在于，所述钻头接头（3）包括内接头（31）和中空的外接头（32），所述内接头（31）可转动地安装在所述外接头（32）内，所述内接头（31）的一端与所述钻杆（1）的所述内杆（11’）连接，另一端与所述钻头（2）连接，且所述钻头（2）的轴向力和径向力通过所述内接头（31）传递给所述外接头（32），所述外接头（32）与所述钻杆（1）的所述外杆（12’）连接。
3、根据权利要求2所述的组合钻具，其特征在于，所述钻杆节段（11）的所述内杆节段（111）通过轴承（13）安装于所述外杆节段（112）内，且所述内杆节段（111）与所述外杆节段（112）同轴线，所述内杆节段（111）还成型有中心孔（1111）。
4、根据权利要求3所述的组合钻具，其特征在于，所述钻头接头（3）的所述内接头（31）通过轴承（33）安装于所述外接头（32）内，且所述内接头（31）与所述外接头（32）同轴线，所述内接头内还成型有通孔（34），所述通孔（34）和所述中心孔（1111）连通。
5、根据权利要求4所述的组合钻具，其特征在于，所述钻杆节段（11）的所述轴承（13）包括两个保持同心的轴承（131、132），所述钻头接头（3）的所述轴承（33）包括一个承受轴向力的轴向轴承（331）和两个承受径向力并保持同心的径向轴承（332、333）。
6、根据权利要求5所述的组合钻具，其特征在于，两个保持同心的所述轴承（131、132）为分别设置在所述内杆节段（111）两端的调心球轴承，所述轴向轴承（331）为推力球轴承，两个所述径向轴承（332、333）为位于所述轴向轴承（331）两侧的调心球轴承。
7、根据权利要求1至6任一所述的组合钻具，其特征在于，所述钻杆（1）的相邻所述钻杆节段（11）的所述内杆节段（111）和内杆节段（111）之间通过螺纹或者榫槽结构连接，所述外杆节段（112）和外杆节段（112）之间通过螺纹或者榫槽结构连接。
8、根据权利要求7所述的组合钻具，其特征在于，所述钻杆（1）的所述内杆（11’）与所述钻头接头（3）的所述内接头（31）之间通过螺纹或者榫槽结构连接，以及所述外杆（12’）和所述外接头（32）之间通过螺纹或者榫槽结构连接。
9、根据权利要求8所述的组合钻具，其特征在于，所述钻杆（1）的所述钻杆节段（11）的所述内杆节段（111）一端为四方槽（1112），另一端为四方头（1113），所述四方头（1113）可插入所述四方槽（1112）中，所述钻杆节段（11）的所述外杆节段（112）一端为内螺纹（1121），另一端为外螺纹（1122），所述外螺纹（1122）可拧入所述内螺纹（1121）。
10、根据权利要求9所述的组合钻具，其特征在于，所述钻头接头（3）的所述内接头（31）的一端为四方槽（312），所述钻杆（1）的所述内杆（11’）一端的所述四方头（1113）可插入所述内接头（31）一端的所述四方槽（312）中，所述外接头（32）的一端为内螺纹（321），所述钻杆（1）的所述外杆（12’）一端的所述外螺纹（1122）可拧入所述外接头（32）一端的所述内螺纹（321）。
11、根据权利要求10所述的组合钻具，其特征在于，所述钻头接头（3）的所述外接头（32）的另一端还设置有堵头（322），所述堵头（322）通过螺纹固定在所述外接头（32）上，所述堵头（322）和所述内接头（31）之间还设有密封圈（35），所述内接头（31）的外表面设置有台阶（311），所述台阶（311）抵靠在所述轴向轴承（331）上。
12、根据权利要求1至6任一所述的组合钻具，其特征在于，所述钻杆（1）的相邻所述钻杆节段（11）的所述内杆节段（111）和内杆节段（111）之间通过内杆接头（121）连接，所述外杆节段（112）和外杆节段（112）之间通过外杆接头（122）连接。
13、根据权利要求12所述的组合钻具，其特征在于，所述钻杆（1）的所述内杆（11’）与所述钻头接头（3）的所述内接头（31）之间通过所述内杆接头（121）连接，所述外杆（12’）和所述外接头（32）之间通过所述外杆接头（122）连接。
14、根据权利要求13所述的组合钻具，其特征在于，所述内杆节段（111）和所述内接头（31）与所述内杆接头（121）通过榫槽或者螺纹连接，所述外杆节段（112）和所述外接头（32）与所述外杆接头（122）通过榫槽或者螺纹连接。
PCT/CN2010/077672 2010-10-12 2010-10-12 组合钻具 WO2012048458A1 (zh)

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