EP0191437B1 - Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Beseitigen von Russ o. dgl. aus den Abgasen einer Brennkraftmaschine - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Beseitigen von Russ o. dgl. aus den Abgasen einer Brennkraftmaschine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0191437B1
EP0191437B1 EP86101625A EP86101625A EP0191437B1 EP 0191437 B1 EP0191437 B1 EP 0191437B1 EP 86101625 A EP86101625 A EP 86101625A EP 86101625 A EP86101625 A EP 86101625A EP 0191437 B1 EP0191437 B1 EP 0191437B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
resonator
gas pipe
cavity resonator
constructed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86101625A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0191437A1 (de
Inventor
Herbert A. Dipl.-Ing. Püschner
Johann Fürtauer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Original Assignee
Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayerische Motoren Werke AG filed Critical Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
Priority to AT86101625T priority Critical patent/ATE41975T1/de
Publication of EP0191437A1 publication Critical patent/EP0191437A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0191437B1 publication Critical patent/EP0191437B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/80—Apparatus for specific applications
    • H05B6/802—Apparatus for specific applications for heating fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/01—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/027—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/028—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using electric or magnetic heating means using microwaves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S55/00—Gas separation
    • Y10S55/30—Exhaust treatment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for removing soot from the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine, with a microwave source, a cavity resonator which is coupled as an intermediate piece to the exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine and an exhaust gas inlet in an end wall and an exhaust gas outlet on an opposite end wall has, and each with a metal grid in the exhaust gas inlet and the exhaust gas outlet.
  • Such a device is known from DE-A-3 024 539 in which the intermediate piece contains a soot filter made of dielectric material in the flow path of the exhaust gases, through which the exhaust gases flow essentially radially and which retains soot from the exhaust gases. If the soot deposits on the soot filter exceed a predetermined level, an electromagnetic microwave field is excited in the intermediate piece, whereby the soot is to be burned. It is disadvantageous that the soot particles on the soot filter impair the flow resistance, even if the soot particles deposited there are burnt off from time to time.
  • the cavity resonator is provided at its inlet and outlet with simple metal grids, which have a relatively small hole area for sufficient metallic limitation of the microwave field in the cavity resonator, the flow resistance for the exhaust gases is additionally increased by this metal grille, which leads to a loss in performance of the Internal combustion engine leads.
  • a device in which a cavity resonator is provided with a tubular ceramic insert, through which filamentary or particulate material or fluids are passed and subjected to a heat treatment there. If the ceramic insert - in one embodiment of the known device - remains open at its inlet and its outlet, the relatively large radiation losses of the microwave field make resonance operation and thus an effective high-temperature treatment in the ceramic insert impossible. However, if - in another embodiment of this known device - an iris diaphragm is attached to the inlet and outlet of the ceramic insert, a homogeneous and efficient flow of fluids through the ceramic insert is made impossible.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a device according to the preamble of the main claim in such a way that an effective combustion of the soot particles floating freely in the exhaust gases takes place with low flow resistance.
  • the cavity resonator contains a first gas-tight ceramic insert, which is designed as a tube and axially aligned with the exhaust pipe from the exhaust gas inlet to the exhaust outlet, and that the metal grille to achieve a low Exhaust gas flow resistance are designed as honeycomb grids which extend into the exhaust gas line with a predetermined minimum axial length in order to limit the microwave field in the cavity resonator sufficiently.
  • the advantages of the invention are, in particular, that the exhaust gas flow in the tubular ceramic insert is passed homogeneously through that region of the resonator in which the greatest energy density of the electromagnetic field is present. Due to the design of the metal grille as a honeycomb grille, the exhaust gases can flow through the cavity resonator without greater flow resistance. In addition, since the honeycomb grids protrude into the exhaust pipe over a predetermined minimum axial length, a sufficient metallic limitation for the microwave field generated in the cavity resonator is realized at the same time, so that high energy densities and homogeneous field profiles of the excited electromagnetic waves arise within the ceramic insert, which are necessary to burn the soot particles contained in the homogeneous exhaust gas flow during their flight through the ceramic insert.
  • the invention thus realizes a device which is simple in terms of construction, in which built-in elements in the exhaust gas line or in the cavity resonator which form flow resistances are avoided and, moreover, the maintenance work required for a soot retention device is dispensed with.
  • the device is preferably switched on continuously or at predetermined intervals during the operating time of the internal combustion engine in order to continuously burn the soot particles flowing into the resonator.
  • the exhaust gas inlet and the exhaust gas outlet are arranged opposite one another on the two end walls of the resonator and have essentially the same nominal width as the exhaust gas line.
  • the two end walls are connected by a peripheral wall, preferably with a circular cross section, the nominal width of which is determined by the resonance frequency with which the resonator and the microwave source are operated. Due to the operating frequencies approved by the postal authorities, the nominal size of the resonator must be chosen larger than that of the exhaust pipe.
  • the resonator is particularly preferably designed as a cylindrical E oio resonator and operated with the vibration mode E olo , and the flue gas pipe is preferably flange- mounted centrally on the end face.
  • the electric field lines have their maximum and in the center of the resonator decrease steadily towards the outside, in the central area there is a high energy density.
  • the ceramic insert is designed as a tube with the nominal size of the exhaust pipe and runs in alignment with the exhaust pipe from the inlet to the outlet of the resonator.
  • the insert guides the exhaust gas flow homogeneously through the resonator and thereby prevents the exhaust gases from coming into contact with the metallic walls of the resonator, as a result of which undesirable heating of the resonator, which leads to a change in the resonance frequency, is counteracted.
  • the application is chosen so that on the one hand it influences the electromagnetic field as little as possible, that is, it should consist of a material with a low dielectric constant and a low loss factor, which moreover provides the best possible thermal insulation. For this reason, glass or a loss-free ceramic material are particularly suitable.
  • the resonator can be designed and operated as a Ho11 or as an E 020 resonator, it also being possible, of course, to design and operate in other suitable vibration modes.
  • the resonator is designed and operated as a H o11 or E o2o resonator, the area of high energy density coincides with a ring zone around the axis of rotation of the resonator.
  • the second ceramic insert tapers preferably conically at its ends and protrudes with the end cones into slightly conical connecting sections of the exhaust pipe, which are also again, for. B. in the range of the nominal size, which contains honeycomb-shaped metal grid.
  • the index n or m is a measure of the relative axial length L of the resonator, measured in whole multiples of half the resonance wavelength ⁇ 0/2 . Longer structural lengths, ie vibration modes / resonators with a higher index n or m can be advantageous in particular if the residence time of the soot particles has to be increased for sufficient combustion.
  • the resonator and the microwave source are preferably thermally decoupled from the exhaust gas line as effectively as possible.
  • the cooling water system of the internal combustion engine is particularly advantageously suitable for cooling the cavity resonator (s).
  • the cavity resonator can be provided with a cooling jacket and constantly charged with cooling liquid between the resonator wall and the cooling jacket.
  • the resonator is expediently made of a metal with a low thermal expansion value.
  • a microwave cavity resonator 1 is inserted as an intermediate piece in an exhaust pipe 15 of a diesel internal combustion engine (not shown).
  • the cavity resonator 1 has a first end wall 2, at a predetermined axial distance here a second end wall 3 and a circular cylindrical peripheral wall 4, which connects the outer circumference of the end walls 2 and 3 to one another.
  • the end walls 2 and 3 have concentrically to the axis of rotation an exhaust gas inlet 6 or an exhaust gas outlet 8 with approximately the nominal size of the exhaust pipe 15.
  • the exhaust pipe 15 goes in one piece at the inlet 6 and at the outlet 8 or via a flange connection into the forehead walls 2, 3 or a corresponding inlet or outlet connection.
  • the resonator consists of a metal with a low thermal expansion value, e.g. B. made of stainless steel and may be coated on its inner surface with an electrically highly conductive layer.
  • microwave energy 18 of a suitable type is fed into the resonator 1 at a frequency such that the resonator the electromagnetic field with a desired shrinkage mode, e.g. B. forms an E oio resonance, which has a decreasing electric field and a decreasing electrical energy density with increasing distance from the axis of rotation.
  • the exhaust gas inlet 6 and the exhaust gas outlet 8 are each provided with a honeycomb-shaped metal grille 14, which is formed from thin metal sheet and protrudes a predetermined minimum length into the exhaust gas line 15 in order to generate a sufficient metallic limitation of the resonator volume for the electromagnetic field and nevertheless the exhaust gases without to be able to conduct greater flow resistance through the resonator.
  • a first tubular ceramic insert 5 is attached - from end wall to end wall - the nominal width of which is equal to that of the exhaust pipe 15.
  • the insert 5 is arranged centrally and axially between the exhaust gas inlet 6 and the outlet 8 in alignment with the exhaust gas line 15 and conducts the exhaust gases through the resonator region of high energy density without changing the cross section. Since the nominal width or the diameter of the resonator 1 is substantially larger than the nominal width of the exhaust pipe 15 and is determined by the resonance frequency with which the device - according to the postal regulations - may be operated, the exhaust gas flow through the insert 5 is at a greater distance from of the resonator wall, which thereby remains relatively cold and experiences little or no thermal expansion.
  • FIG. 3 and 4 show a structure corresponding to FIG. 1, in which an H o , o resonator with spaced end walls 2, 3 and the intermediate peripheral wall 4 and the exhaust gas inlet 6 and outlet 8 is inserted into the exhaust line 15, which receives microwave energy to excite the H o , a oscillation through a waveguide 12 and the coupling hole 10.
  • the area of high energy density is in the form of a ring zone.
  • a cylindrical second ceramic insert 7 which tapers conically at its ends, is inserted axially and centrally in the resonator 1, the end cones of the second ceramic insert 7 being passed through the inlet 6 and the outlet 8 protrude into the exhaust pipe 15, which has correspondingly conical sections 17.
  • the honeycomb-shaped metal grid 14 is mounted concentrically around the end cone of the second ceramic insert 7 in the region of the inlet 6 and the outlet 8.
  • the first ceramic insert 5 in the form of a tube is also inserted concentrically with the second ceramic insert 7 in the resonator.
  • FIG. 5 several e oio resonators, all of which are constructed in accordance with FIG. 1, are inserted in series into an exhaust gas line 15.
  • Adjacent resonators 1 are arranged adjacent to one another and have a common end wall 3 which, like the outer end walls 2, contains a central exhaust opening 9 which has the nominal width of the exhaust line 15 and each carries a honeycomb-shaped metal grille 14 for the electromagnetic delimitation of the resonator interior.
  • tubular ceramic inserts 5 with the nominal size of the exhaust line 15 are inserted, which guide the exhaust gas flow centrally.
  • One of the resonators 1 is connected to the microwave source 18 via a hollow line 12.
  • the common end walls 3 also each have a coupling member 20, for. B. a coupling loop or a coupling opening to feed the subsequent resonators with microwave energy.
  • an e oio resonator according to FIG. 1 and a H on resonator according to FIG. 3 are inserted in series into the exhaust line 15. Both resonators are fed via a separate hollow line 12 from the microwave source 18.
  • the individual or the several resonators connected in series or in parallel can be thermally decoupled from the exhaust pipe in order to achieve the highest possible frequency constancy (not shown).
  • the individual resonator 1 can also be thermally decoupled from the microwave source 18 (not shown).
  • the resonators can be cooled by means of cooling systems which, for. B. can be integrated into the cooling systems of the internal combustion engines.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
EP86101625A 1985-02-12 1986-02-07 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Beseitigen von Russ o. dgl. aus den Abgasen einer Brennkraftmaschine Expired EP0191437B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86101625T ATE41975T1 (de) 1985-02-12 1986-02-07 Vorrichtung und verfahren zum beseitigen von russ o. dgl. aus den abgasen einer brennkraftmaschine.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3504737 1985-02-12
DE19853504737 DE3504737A1 (de) 1985-02-12 1985-02-12 Vorrichtung und verfahren zum beseitigen von russ o.dgl. aus den abgasen einer brennkraftmaschine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0191437A1 EP0191437A1 (de) 1986-08-20
EP0191437B1 true EP0191437B1 (de) 1989-04-05

Family

ID=6262292

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86101625A Expired EP0191437B1 (de) 1985-02-12 1986-02-07 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Beseitigen von Russ o. dgl. aus den Abgasen einer Brennkraftmaschine

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4825651A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
EP (1) EP0191437B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS62502055A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATE41975T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE3504737A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
WO (1) WO1986004640A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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FR2626783B1 (fr) * 1988-02-05 1990-07-20 Renault Dispositif d'elimination par micro-ondes des particules carbonees contenues dans les gaz d'echappement de moteurs thermiques
AT404285B (de) * 1988-03-11 1998-10-27 Fleck Carl M Dr Vorrichtung zur abscheidung und verbrennung von russpartikeln in dieselabgasen
AU5656590A (en) * 1989-05-17 1990-12-18 Ford Motor Company Of Canada Limited Emission control
FR2650627B1 (fr) * 1989-08-04 1994-09-16 Renault Dispositif d'elimination des particules carbonees contenues dans les gaz d'echappement de moteurs thermiques
US5074112A (en) * 1990-02-21 1991-12-24 Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited Microwave diesel scrubber assembly
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US7432482B2 (en) * 2004-07-09 2008-10-07 Sedlmayr Steven R Distillation and distillate method by microwaves
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US7513921B1 (en) * 2005-09-02 2009-04-07 Hrl Laboratories, Llc Exhaust gas filter apparatus capable of regeneration of a particulate filter and method
US20090134152A1 (en) * 2005-10-27 2009-05-28 Sedlmayr Steven R Microwave nucleon-electron-bonding spin alignment and alteration of materials
GB2457495A (en) * 2008-02-15 2009-08-19 E2V Tech RF electromagnetic heating a dielectric fluid
DE102010015768B4 (de) * 2010-04-19 2014-11-20 Jenoptik Katasorb Gmbh Mikrowellenreaktor zur mikrowellenunterstützten katalytischen Stoffumsetzung
CN102569971B (zh) * 2012-01-10 2014-09-17 四川大学 多磁控管串联微波功率合成器
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3504737C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1989-11-30
US4825651A (en) 1989-05-02
ATE41975T1 (de) 1989-04-15
JPS62502055A (ja) 1987-08-13
WO1986004640A1 (en) 1986-08-14
DE3662713D1 (en) 1989-05-11
EP0191437A1 (de) 1986-08-20
JPH0424529B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1992-04-27
DE3504737A1 (de) 1986-08-14

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