EP0190539B1 - Apparatus for the electrodeposition of composite coatings - Google Patents

Apparatus for the electrodeposition of composite coatings Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0190539B1
EP0190539B1 EP85810615A EP85810615A EP0190539B1 EP 0190539 B1 EP0190539 B1 EP 0190539B1 EP 85810615 A EP85810615 A EP 85810615A EP 85810615 A EP85810615 A EP 85810615A EP 0190539 B1 EP0190539 B1 EP 0190539B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
electrolyte
annular space
workpiece
wall
cylindrical
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EP85810615A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0190539A1 (en
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Jean-François Paulet
Heinz Steup
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3A Composites International AG
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Schweizerische Aluminium AG
Alusuisse Lonza Services Ltd
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Priority to AT85810615T priority Critical patent/ATE50802T1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/08—Electroplating with moving electrolyte e.g. jet electroplating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
    • C25D15/02—Combined electrolytic and electrophoretic processes with charged materials

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  • the invention relates to a device for the galvanic deposition of a dispersion layer with a metallic basic structure and uniformly distributed, fine-grained hard material particles by continuously feeding an electrolyte circulating in a spiraling, eddy-free flow with metal ions and suspended fine-grained hard material particles onto the cylindrical or slightly conical, metallic Inner surface of a cathodically connected workpiece, in which the inner surface forms at least part of the outer wall of the annular electrolyte container.
  • Dispersion layers of this type usually a nickel / silicon carbide system, show versatile properties by varying the matrix material, the particle material, the particle size and distribution.
  • GB-PS 860 291 describes a coating method in which electrolyte is introduced into a tub through a supply line arranged above it, which is withdrawn from the bottom of the tub and fed to the electrolyte circuit.
  • the body to be coated on the surface rotates in the electrolyte.
  • Surface parts that are not to be provided with the coating must be covered with paint, for example, before immersion.
  • intensive post-processing is required because of its very rough surface.
  • Another shortcoming arises from the fact that the installation of the solid particles in the deposited metal is very different depending on the flow conditions; a uniform coating is not possible according to GB-PS 860 291. If inner surfaces of hollow bodies are to be provided with a coating, the formation of bubbles during the dipping process creates a further influence which interferes with the coating.
  • EP-A-0 108 035 describes a device of the type mentioned at the outset.
  • DE-A-3 142 739 describes a method and a device for applying a dispersion layer to hollow workpieces which do not have the disadvantages mentioned above.
  • the hollow, in particular cylindrical or conical, workpiece is used as part of the electrolyte container and electrolyte material is fed to the inner surface via a moving feeder.
  • the feed for the suspension electrolyte forming the treatment bath is guided along the surface of the material to be coated.
  • US-A-2406956 describes the metal coating of axle bearing housings which are connected cathodically, have a cylindrical inner surface and are used as the upper part of the outer wall of an annular electrolyte container.
  • the inventors have set themselves the task of achieving the good, regular layer structure, which can be produced according to DE-A-3 142 739, more economically with simpler means.
  • the vortex-free, practically laminar regular flow in the area of the cylindrical or slightly conical inner surface of the workpiece is generated by the fact that it delimits an upper annular space outwards, below which a circulating turbulent flow of the electrolyte is generated in a lower annular space by a tangentially arranged one Supply line opens the electrolyte in the lowest area of this annular space and at least two baffles are arranged in the upper area of the lower annular space, which break the turbulence and lead the electrolyte in a vortex-free manner into the lowermost region of the inner surface to be coated, where the flow continues in a laminar manner and merges into the spiraling movement according to the invention.
  • the electrolyte and the hard material particles dispersed therein are slowly but steadily used up.
  • the hard particles are replaced during the process, if at all, in portions or continuously.
  • the metal ions deposited to produce the matrix layer are preferably replaced by arranging an anode in the electrolyte container which at least partially consists of the corresponding metal.
  • metal is dissolved on the anode to the same extent as it is deposited on the cylindrical or slightly conical inner surface of the workpiece to be coated.
  • the electrolyte circuit can extend over one or more cells for the production of dispersion layers according to the invention. For large production series, further economic advantages can be achieved by supplying cells from an electrolyte container in series.
  • FIG. 1 shows a vertical section through a device for producing dispersion layers on brake drums in car wheels, a brake drum being placed on the cell.
  • the cell with the essentially annular electrolyte container has a lower annular space 10 made of polypropylene, which is delimited by a strong outer wall 12 and a thinner inner wall 14.
  • the feed line 16 for the electrolyte 48 is visible, which opens tangentially.
  • the electrolyte 48 rises in a turbulent circulating flow and reaches the lower circular chicane 18 fastened to the outer wall.
  • the electrolyte reaches the upper, likewise disk-shaped chicane 19 formed from the inner wall 14 , which separates the lower annular space 10 from the upper annular space 20 of the electrolyte container.
  • the upper edge 22 of the outer wall 12 of the lower annular space 10 has two bulges which extend over the entire circumference. These are designed in such a way that they fit into suitable recesses in the lower edge 26 of the attached brake drum 24.
  • This brake drum has a cylindrical inner surface 28, the brake surface, which is to be coated.
  • the brake drum also has a plurality of cooling fins 30.
  • the hub 32 of the brake drum extends into the interior of the electrolyte container 10, 20.
  • the inner surface 28 to be coated of the brake drum 24 used as a workpiece is at the same time the outer wall of the upper annular space 20.
  • the inner wall 34 of the upper annular space is an extension of the inner wall 14 of the lower annular space 10.
  • the inner wall 34 is angled inward in the upper area and forms part of the top surface and is close to or completely close to the brake drum 24.
  • the electrolyte 48 rises slowly in a spiral movement and flows in a regular laminar flow without eddy formation along the inner surface 28. This ensures a long contact time between the inner surface 28 of the brake drum 24 and the electrolyte 48 with the suspended hard material particles. which guarantees the build-up of a regular dispersion layer with a high build-up rate.
  • the electrolyte After reaching the top surface partially formed by the brake drum 24, the electrolyte flows through channels 36 cut out in the uppermost region of the inwardly angled inner wall 34 in the direction of the interior 38 of the electrolyte container 10, 20. Below the cell - not visible in FIG. 1 - the electrolyte is collected and returned to the feed line 16 by a circulating pump.
  • the anode 40 is fastened in the upper annular space 20, on the inner wall 34 and the part which is angled outwards. It consists of a basket with a mesh made of titanium and nickel balls filled into it. The attachment is carried out by titanium screws 42, which also ensure the contact of the anode basket with the positive power supply lines 44.
  • the anodic current supply lines 44 are connected to a direct current source, not shown in FIG. 1; the negative pole of which leads to the brake drum 24.
  • the titanium screws 42 fasten a titanium ring 46, which is connected to a total of six power supply lines 44, which are also made of titanium, but can optionally be at least partially replaced by copper lines.
  • the path of the electrolyte 48 with the suspended solid particles through the cell is outlined with arrows.

Abstract

A process and device for galvanic deposition of a dispersion coating on the cylindrical or slightly conical inner face of a cathode workpiece effect the continuous feed of a circulating electrolyte containing metal ions and suspended, fine-grained hard particles. The cathodically polarized workpiece or its inner face is employed at least as the upper part of the outer wall of the ring-shaped electrolyte container. This inner face is fed electrolyte in the form of a rising, spiral-shaped but vortex-free stream. The process is employed for all cylindrical or slightly conical metallic inner faces which are at least open on one side, in particular for coating brake drums made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zum galvanischen Abscheiden einer Dispersionsschicht mit einem metallischen Grundgefüge und gleichförmig verteilten, feinkörnigen Hartstoffpartikeln durch kontinuierliche Zuführung eines in einer spiralförmig aufsteigenden, wirbelfreien Strömung zirkulierenden Elektrolyten mit Metallionen und suspendierten feinkörnigen Hartstoffpartikeln auf die zylindrische bzw. leicht konische, metallische Innenfläche eines kathodisch geschalteten Werkstücks, bei dem die Innenfläche mindestens einen Teil der Aussenwand des ringförmigen Elektrolytbehälters bildet.The invention relates to a device for the galvanic deposition of a dispersion layer with a metallic basic structure and uniformly distributed, fine-grained hard material particles by continuously feeding an electrolyte circulating in a spiraling, eddy-free flow with metal ions and suspended fine-grained hard material particles onto the cylindrical or slightly conical, metallic Inner surface of a cathodically connected workpiece, in which the inner surface forms at least part of the outer wall of the annular electrolyte container.

Die Verwendung von Metallen im industriellen Bereich erfordert in vielen Fällen eine Verbesserung der Oberflächeneigenschaften, insbesondere der Abriebfestigkeit, Härte-, Gleit- und Verschleisseigenschaften. Zahlreiche Verwendungsmöglichkeiten von Aluminium im Automobil- und Maschinenbau sind nur in Kombination mit harten und verschleissfesten Beschichtungen realisierbar. Die galvanische Abscheidung einer Metallschicht mit gleichzeitiger Einlagerung von Hartstoffpartikeln, welche zu Dispersionsschichten führt, stellt eine einfache und für viele Verschleissprobleme geeignete Möglichkeit dar, die Oberfläche bzw. deren mechanische Eigenschaften zu verbessern.The use of metals in the industrial field in many cases requires an improvement in the surface properties, in particular the abrasion resistance, hardness, sliding and wear properties. Numerous uses of aluminum in automotive and mechanical engineering can only be realized in combination with hard and wear-resistant coatings. The galvanic deposition of a metal layer with simultaneous embedding of hard material particles, which leads to dispersion layers, represents a simple possibility, which is suitable for many wear problems, of improving the surface or its mechanical properties.

Derartige Dispersionsschichten, meist ein Nickel/Siliziumkarbid-System, zeigen durch Variation des Matrixmaterials, des Teilchenwerkstoffs, der Teilchengrösse und -verteilung vielseitige Eigenschaften.Dispersion layers of this type, usually a nickel / silicon carbide system, show versatile properties by varying the matrix material, the particle material, the particle size and distribution.

Die Herstellung galvanischer Dispersionsschichten ist bereits seit einigen Jahrzehnten bekannt. Die GB-PS 860 291 beispielsweise beschreibt ein Beschichtungsverfahren, bei welchem in einem Bottich durch eine über diesem angeordnete Zuführungsleitung Elektrolyt eingefüllt wird, der vom Bottichboden wieder abgezogen und dem Elektrolytkreislauf zugebracht wird. Im Elektrolyten dreht sich der an seiner Oberfläche zu beschichtende Körper. Nicht mit der Beschichtung zu versehende Flächenteile müssen vor dem Eintauchen beispielsweise durch Lack abgedeckt werden. Nach dem Aufbringen der Beschichtung ist wegen deren sehr rauhen Oberfläche eine intensive Nachbearbeitung erforderlich. Ein weiterer Mangel entsteht dadurch, dass der Einbau der Festteilchen in das abgeschiedene Metall in Abhängigkeit von den Strömungsverhältnissen sehr unterschiedlich ausfällt ; eine gleichmässige Beschichtung ist nach der GB-PS 860 291 nicht möglich. Sollen Innenflächen von Hohlkörpern mit einer Beschichtung versehen werden, wird durch die beim Tauchvorgang entstehende Blasenbildung ein weiterer die Beschichtung störender Einfluss erzeugt.The production of galvanic dispersion layers has been known for several decades. GB-PS 860 291, for example, describes a coating method in which electrolyte is introduced into a tub through a supply line arranged above it, which is withdrawn from the bottom of the tub and fed to the electrolyte circuit. The body to be coated on the surface rotates in the electrolyte. Surface parts that are not to be provided with the coating must be covered with paint, for example, before immersion. After the coating has been applied, intensive post-processing is required because of its very rough surface. Another shortcoming arises from the fact that the installation of the solid particles in the deposited metal is very different depending on the flow conditions; a uniform coating is not possible according to GB-PS 860 291. If inner surfaces of hollow bodies are to be provided with a coating, the formation of bubbles during the dipping process creates a further influence which interferes with the coating.

In der Zeitschrift « Oberflächentechnik », (1975), Seiten 45-52, wird darauf hingewiesen, dass die Badbewegung eine sehr grosse Bedeutung für die Einbaurate der Hartstoffpartikel in das abgeschiedene Metall hat. Es wird vorgeschlagen, die Badbewegung durch Einblasen von Luft, Umwälzen des Elektrolyten oder mit Hilfe eines Rührers zu bewirken. Die erzeugte Badbewegung soll die Feststoffteilchen zusammen mit dem Elektrolyten an eine oberhalb des Werkstücks gelegene Stelle gelangen lassen, so dass sie sich durch Einwirkung der Schwerkraft auf die Oberfläche des Werkstücks absetzen können und durch den Metallbelag gebunden werden. Es ist jedoch festgestellt worden, dass alle diese Methoden insofern ungeeignet sind, als sie zu Inhomogenitäten bzw. Konzentrationsunterschieden im Elektrolyten mit den suspendierten Hartstoffpartikein führen, und damit auch unregelmässige Einbauraten des dispergierten Stoffes bewirken. Aenderungen der Turbulenz entlang der zu beschichtenden Werkstücke ergeben immer eine ungleichmässige Feststoffablagerung.In the journal "Oberflächentechnik", (1975), pages 45-52, it is pointed out that the bath movement is of great importance for the rate of incorporation of the hard particles into the deposited metal. It is proposed to effect the bath movement by blowing in air, circulating the electrolyte or using a stirrer. The bath movement generated is intended to allow the solid particles together with the electrolyte to reach a location above the workpiece, so that they can settle on the surface of the workpiece by the action of gravity and be bound by the metal coating. However, it has been found that all these methods are unsuitable insofar as they lead to inhomogeneities or concentration differences in the electrolyte with the suspended hard material particles, and thus also cause irregular incorporation rates of the dispersed substance. Changes in the turbulence along the workpieces to be coated always result in an uneven solid deposition.

In der EP-A-0 108 035 wird eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art beschrieben.EP-A-0 108 035 describes a device of the type mentioned at the outset.

In der DE-A-3 142 739 werden ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Aufbringung einer Dispersionsschicht auf hohle Werkstücke beschrieben, welche die oben erwähnten Nachteile nicht aufweisen. Dazu wird das hohle, insbesondere zylindrische bzw. konische, Werkstück als Teil des Elektrolytbehälters eingesetzt und der Innenfläche über eine bewegte Zuführung Elektrolytmaterial zugeführt. Dabei wird die Zuführung für den das Behandlungsbad bildenden Suspensionselektrolyten entlang der zu beschichtenden Werkstoffoberfläche geführt.DE-A-3 142 739 describes a method and a device for applying a dispersion layer to hollow workpieces which do not have the disadvantages mentioned above. For this purpose, the hollow, in particular cylindrical or conical, workpiece is used as part of the electrolyte container and electrolyte material is fed to the inner surface via a moving feeder. The feed for the suspension electrolyte forming the treatment bath is guided along the surface of the material to be coated.

Die US-A-2406956 beschreibt die Metallbeschichtung von Achslagergehäusen, die kathodisch geschaltet sind, eine zylindrische Innenfläche aufweisen und als oberer Teil der Aussenwand eines ringförmigen Elektrolytbehälters eingesetzt sind.US-A-2406956 describes the metal coating of axle bearing housings which are connected cathodically, have a cylindrical inner surface and are used as the upper part of the outer wall of an annular electrolyte container.

Die Erfinder haben sich die Aufgabe gestellt, den guten, regelmässigen Schichtaufbau, welcher nach der DE-A-3 142 739 erzeugt werden kann, mit einfacheren Mitteln wirtschaftlicher zu erreichen.The inventors have set themselves the task of achieving the good, regular layer structure, which can be produced according to DE-A-3 142 739, more economically with simpler means.

Ausgehend von den Merkmalen der Vorrichtung nach der EP-A-0 108 035 wird die Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung sind gekennzeichnet durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 2 bis 6.Based on the features of the device according to EP-A-0 108 035, the object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the device according to the invention are characterized by the features of claims 2 to 6.

Die wirbelfreie, praktisch laminare regelmässige Strömung im Bereich der zylindrischen bzw. leicht konischen Innenfläche des Werkstücks wird dadurch erzeugt, dass dieses einen oberen Ringraum nach aussen begrenzt, unterhalb davon in einem unteren Ringraum eine kreisende turbulente Strömung des Elektrolyten erzeugt wird, indem eine tangential angeordnete Zufuhrleitung den Elektrolyten in den untersten Bereich dieses Ringraums mündet und im oberen Bereich des unteren Ringraums mindestens zwei Schikanen angeordnet sind, welche die Turbulenzen brechen und den Elektrolyten wirbelfrei in den untersten Bereich der zu beschichtenden Innenfläche leiten, wo sich die Strömung laminar fortsetzt und in die erfindungsgemäss spiralförmig aufsteigende Bewegung übergeht.The vortex-free, practically laminar regular flow in the area of the cylindrical or slightly conical inner surface of the workpiece is generated by the fact that it delimits an upper annular space outwards, below which a circulating turbulent flow of the electrolyte is generated in a lower annular space by a tangentially arranged one Supply line opens the electrolyte in the lowest area of this annular space and at least two baffles are arranged in the upper area of the lower annular space, which break the turbulence and lead the electrolyte in a vortex-free manner into the lowermost region of the inner surface to be coated, where the flow continues in a laminar manner and merges into the spiraling movement according to the invention.

Während des Beschichtungsprozesses werden der Elektrolyt und die darin dispergierten Hartstoffpartikel langsam aber stetig aufgebraucht. Der Ersatz der Hartstoffpartikel während des Prozesses erfolgt, wenn überhaupt, portionenweise oder kontinuierlich. Der Ersatz der zur Erzeugung der Matrixschicht abgeschiedenen Metallionen erfolgt vorzugsweise dadurch, dass im Elektrolytbehälter eine Anode angeordnet ist, die mindestens teilweise aus dem entsprechenden Metall besteht. So wird während des elektrolytischen Prozesses an der Anode in gleichem Masse Metall aufgelöst, wie es auf der zu beschichtenden zylindrischen bzw. leicht konischen Innenfläche des Werkstücks abgeschieden wird.During the coating process, the electrolyte and the hard material particles dispersed therein are slowly but steadily used up. The hard particles are replaced during the process, if at all, in portions or continuously. The metal ions deposited to produce the matrix layer are preferably replaced by arranging an anode in the electrolyte container which at least partially consists of the corresponding metal. During the electrolytic process, metal is dissolved on the anode to the same extent as it is deposited on the cylindrical or slightly conical inner surface of the workpiece to be coated.

Der Elektrolytkreislauf kann sich über eine oder mehrere Zellen zum erfindungsgemässen Erzeugen von Dispersionsschichten erstrecken. Bei grossen Produktionsserien können durch die serienweise Speisung von Zellen aus einem Elektrolytbehälter weitere wirtschaftliche Vorteile erzielt werden.The electrolyte circuit can extend over one or more cells for the production of dispersion layers according to the invention. For large production series, further economic advantages can be achieved by supplying cells from an electrolyte container in series.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnung beispielsweise näher erläutert. Die einzige Fig. 1 zeigt einen Vertikalschnitt durch eine Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen von Dispersionsschichten auf Bremstrommein von Autorädem, wobei eine Bremstrommel auf die Zelle aufgesetzt ist.The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, for example. The only FIG. 1 shows a vertical section through a device for producing dispersion layers on brake drums in car wheels, a brake drum being placed on the cell.

Die Zelle mit dem im wesentlichen ringförmigen Elektrolytbehälter hat einen aus Polypropylen bestehenden unteren Ringraum 10. Der von einer starken Aussenwand 12 und einer dünneren Innenwand 14 begrenzt wird. Im untersten Bereich des unteren Ringraums 10 ist die Zufuhrleitung 16 für den Elektrolyten 48 sichtbar, welche tangential einmündet. Der Elektrolyt 48 steigt in turbulenter zirkulierender Strömung hoch und erreicht die untere, an der Aussenwand befestigte kreisförmige Schikane 18. Nach dem Umlenken des Elektrolyten an der leicht geneigten Innenwand 14 erreicht der Elektrolyt die obere, aus der Innenwand 14 ausgeformte, ebenfalls scheibenförmig ausgebildete Schikane 19, welche den unteren Ringraum 10 vom oberen Ringraum 20 des Elektrolytbehälters trennt.The cell with the essentially annular electrolyte container has a lower annular space 10 made of polypropylene, which is delimited by a strong outer wall 12 and a thinner inner wall 14. In the lowest area of the lower annular space 10, the feed line 16 for the electrolyte 48 is visible, which opens tangentially. The electrolyte 48 rises in a turbulent circulating flow and reaches the lower circular chicane 18 fastened to the outer wall. After the electrolyte has been deflected on the slightly inclined inner wall 14, the electrolyte reaches the upper, likewise disk-shaped chicane 19 formed from the inner wall 14 , which separates the lower annular space 10 from the upper annular space 20 of the electrolyte container.

Der obere Rand 22 der Aussenwand 12 des unteren Ringraums 10 hat zwei sich über den ganzen Umfang erstreckende Ausbuchtungen. Diese sind derart gestaltet, dass sie in passende Aussparungen des unteren Randes 26 der aufgesetzten Bremstrommel 24 passen. Diese Bremstrommel hat eine zylindrische Innenfläche 28, die Bremsfläche, welche zu beschichten ist. Weiter hat die Bremstrommel mehrere Kühllamellen 30. Die Nabe 32 der Bremstrommel reicht in den Innenraum des Elektrolytbehälters 10, 20 hinein.The upper edge 22 of the outer wall 12 of the lower annular space 10 has two bulges which extend over the entire circumference. These are designed in such a way that they fit into suitable recesses in the lower edge 26 of the attached brake drum 24. This brake drum has a cylindrical inner surface 28, the brake surface, which is to be coated. The brake drum also has a plurality of cooling fins 30. The hub 32 of the brake drum extends into the interior of the electrolyte container 10, 20.

Die zu beschichtende Innenfläche 28 der als Werkstück eingesetzten Bremstrommel 24 ist zugleich Aussenwand des oberen Ringraums 20. Die Innenwand 34 des oberen Ringraums ist eine Verlängerung der Innenwand 14 des unteren Ringraums 10. Die Innenwand 34 ist im oberen Bereich nach innen abgewinkelt, bildet einen Teil der Deckfläche und reicht nahe oder ganz an die Bremstrommel 24 heran.The inner surface 28 to be coated of the brake drum 24 used as a workpiece is at the same time the outer wall of the upper annular space 20. The inner wall 34 of the upper annular space is an extension of the inner wall 14 of the lower annular space 10. The inner wall 34 is angled inward in the upper area and forms part of the top surface and is close to or completely close to the brake drum 24.

Im oberen Ringraum 20 steigt der Elektrolyt 48 in einer spiralförmigen Bewegung langsam an und fliesst in einer regelmässigen laminaren Strömung ohne Wirbelbildung entlang der Innenfläche 28. Dadurch ist eine lange Kontaktzeit zwischen der Innenfläche 28 der Bremstrommel 24 und dem Elektrolyten 48 mit den suspendierten Hartstoffpartikein gewährleistet, was den Aufbau einer regelmässigen Dispersionsschicht mit grosser Aufbaurate gewährleistet.In the upper annular space 20, the electrolyte 48 rises slowly in a spiral movement and flows in a regular laminar flow without eddy formation along the inner surface 28. This ensures a long contact time between the inner surface 28 of the brake drum 24 and the electrolyte 48 with the suspended hard material particles. which guarantees the build-up of a regular dispersion layer with a high build-up rate.

Nach dem Erreichen der teilweise durch die Bremstrommel 24 gebildeten Deckfläche fliesst der Elektrolyt durch im obersten Bereich der nach innen abgewinkelten Innenwand 34 ausgesparte Kanäle 36 in Richtung des Innenraums 38 des Elektrolytbehälters 10, 20 ab. Unterhalb der Zelle - in Fig. 1 nicht sichtbar - wird der Elektrolyt gesammelt und von einer Umwälzpumpe wieder in die Zufuhrleitung 16 geleitet.After reaching the top surface partially formed by the brake drum 24, the electrolyte flows through channels 36 cut out in the uppermost region of the inwardly angled inner wall 34 in the direction of the interior 38 of the electrolyte container 10, 20. Below the cell - not visible in FIG. 1 - the electrolyte is collected and returned to the feed line 16 by a circulating pump.

Im oberen Ringraum 20, an der Innenwand 34 und derem nach aussen abgewinkelten Teil ist die Anode 40 befestigt. Sie besteht aus einem Korb mit einem Geflecht aus Titan und darin eingefüllten Nickelkügelchen. Die Befestigung erfolgt durch Titanschrauben 42, welche auch den Kontakt des Anodenkorbs zu den positiven Stromzuleitungen 44 sicherstellen.The anode 40 is fastened in the upper annular space 20, on the inner wall 34 and the part which is angled outwards. It consists of a basket with a mesh made of titanium and nickel balls filled into it. The attachment is carried out by titanium screws 42, which also ensure the contact of the anode basket with the positive power supply lines 44.

Die anodischen Stromzuleitungen 44 sind mit einer in Fig. 1 nicht dargestellten Gleichstromquelle verbunden ; deren negativer Pol führt zu der Bremstrommel 24.The anodic current supply lines 44 are connected to a direct current source, not shown in FIG. 1; the negative pole of which leads to the brake drum 24.

Im vorliegenden Fall befestigen die Titanschrauben 42 einen Titanring 46, welcher mit insgesamt sechs Stromzuleitungen 44 verbunden ist, die ebenfalls aus Titan bestehen, aber gegebenenfalls mindestens teilweise durch Kupferleitungen ersetzt werden können.In the present case, the titanium screws 42 fasten a titanium ring 46, which is connected to a total of six power supply lines 44, which are also made of titanium, but can optionally be at least partially replaced by copper lines.

Der Weg des Elektrolyten 48 mit den suspendierten Feststoffpartikeln durch die Zelle ist mit Pfeilen skizziert.The path of the electrolyte 48 with the suspended solid particles through the cell is outlined with arrows.

Claims (6)

1. Apparatus for the electrodeposition of a composite coating having a metallic basic structure and containing uniformly distributed, fine-grained hard-material particles by continuously supplying an electrolyte (48) which circulates in a helically rising, turbulence-free flow and which contains metal ions and suspended fine-grained hard-material particles, on the cylindrical or slightly conical metallic internal surface (28) of a cathodically connected workpiece (24) in which the internal surface (28) forms at least a part of the external wall (12) of the annular electrolyte container (10, 20), characterized in that the electrolyte container (10, 20) essentially comprises a lower annular space (10) having a supply line (16), tangentially debouching in the lowermost region, for the electrolyte (48), at least two baffles (18, 19), arranged in the upper region, for breaking the turbulences and recesses constructed in the upper periphery (22) of the external wall (12) for the positive reception of the matchingly constructed lower periphery (26) of the workpiece (24), and an upper annular space (20) which is downwardly open around the circumference and which is formed by the cylindrical or slightly conical internal surface (28) of the workpiece (24) as external wall, the uppermost baffle (19) as base, the extension of the lower annular space as inside wall (34) and also the workpiece (24) and/or an angled or curved part of the inside wall (34) as covering surface, in that there is mounted on the internal wall (34) of the upper annular space (20) of the electrolyte container the annularly constructed anode (40) which can be supplied by means of current supply leads (44) leading through the internal space .(38) of the electrolyte container (10, 20), and in that, above the level of the cylindrical or slightly conical internal surface (28) of the workpiece (24), channels (36) lead from the upper annular space (20) to the internal space (38) of the electrolyte container (10, 20).
2. Apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the lower annular space (10), the baffles (18, 19) and the internal wall (34) of the upper annular space, including a part optionally forming the covering surface, are composed of a plastic, preferably polyethylene or polypropylene, or a corrosion-resistant metal insulated with respect to the workpiece (24) and the anode (40).
3. Apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the baffles (18, 19) are of disc-type construction and are joined alternately to the inside wall (14) and outside wall (12) of the lower annular space (10), but the uppermost baffle (19) is joined to the inside wall (14) and its circumference is arranged in the lowermost region of the cylindrical or slightly conical internal surface (28) to form an annular gap.
4. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the anode (40) is constructed as a basket containing metallic grains, the basket being composed, like the current supply !cads (44), preferably of titanium, the metallic grains preferably of nickel.
5. Apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the workpiece (24) is a brake drum and the internal surface (28) is its brake surface.
6. Apparatus according to Claim 5, characterized in that the brake drum is composed of aluminium or an aluminium alloy.
EP85810615A 1985-01-17 1985-12-23 Apparatus for the electrodeposition of composite coatings Expired - Lifetime EP0190539B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85810615T ATE50802T1 (en) 1985-01-17 1985-12-23 DEVICE FOR ELECTROPLATING A DISPERSION LAYER.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH20785 1985-01-17
CH207/85 1985-01-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0190539A1 EP0190539A1 (en) 1986-08-13
EP0190539B1 true EP0190539B1 (en) 1990-03-07

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85810615A Expired - Lifetime EP0190539B1 (en) 1985-01-17 1985-12-23 Apparatus for the electrodeposition of composite coatings

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US4645580A (en)
EP (1) EP0190539B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE50802T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3576370D1 (en)

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3742602A1 (en) * 1987-12-16 1989-06-29 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag DEVICE FOR PRODUCING DISPERSION LAYERS
EP0445120B1 (en) * 1988-11-24 1995-09-13 GRAMM, Gerhard Device for applying and/or removing coatings on workpieces
FR2641003B1 (en) * 1988-12-23 1991-04-05 Tech Milieu Ionisant
FR2648157A1 (en) * 1989-06-13 1990-12-14 Traitement Surface Mecanique Device making it possible to ensure homogeneous electrolytic deposition on cylindrical surfaces of large dimensions
DE3937765A1 (en) * 1989-11-14 1991-05-16 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Producing wear-resistant coating on light metal parts - using iron dispersion coating contg. silicon carbide
DE3937763A1 (en) * 1989-11-14 1991-05-16 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Reinforced layer prodn. on engine cylinder surface - has cylinder head side of block sealed against treatment bath base plate with discharge pipe as anode
US6086731A (en) * 1996-10-24 2000-07-11 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Composite plating apparatus
US6444101B1 (en) 1999-11-12 2002-09-03 Applied Materials, Inc. Conductive biasing member for metal layering
DE602005007271D1 (en) * 2005-02-21 2008-07-10 Aerotecnica Coltri S P A ANODE FOR A DEVICE FOR GALVANIC COATING OF CYLINDER TUBES

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2406956A (en) * 1942-10-27 1946-09-03 Gen Motors Corp Apparatus for electroplating of bearing shells
US3922208A (en) * 1973-11-05 1975-11-25 Ford Motor Co Method of improving the surface finish of as-plated elnisil coatings
US4085010A (en) * 1974-01-22 1978-04-18 Suzuki Motor Company Limited Process for powder-dispersed composite plating
US4174261A (en) * 1976-07-16 1979-11-13 Pellegrino Peter P Apparatus for electroplating, deplating or etching
IT1129345B (en) * 1980-10-29 1986-06-04 Fiat Ricerche DISP * SITE FOR ELECTROLYTIC TREATMENT OF THE SURFACE OF MACHINE PARTS, PARTICULARLY OF CYLINDERS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
DE3241452C2 (en) * 1982-10-06 1985-05-30 Schweizerische Aluminium Ag, Chippis Method and device for the galvanic production of dispersion coatings and their application

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0190539A1 (en) 1986-08-13
ATE50802T1 (en) 1990-03-15
DE3576370D1 (en) 1990-04-12
US4645580A (en) 1987-02-24

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