EP0190240B1 - Moteur a courant continu depourvu de collecteur - Google Patents

Moteur a courant continu depourvu de collecteur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0190240B1
EP0190240B1 EP85903832A EP85903832A EP0190240B1 EP 0190240 B1 EP0190240 B1 EP 0190240B1 EP 85903832 A EP85903832 A EP 85903832A EP 85903832 A EP85903832 A EP 85903832A EP 0190240 B1 EP0190240 B1 EP 0190240B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
comparators
motor according
hall
pole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85903832A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0190240A1 (fr
Inventor
Rolf Müller
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Ebm Papst St Georgen GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Papst Motoren GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP0190240A1 publication Critical patent/EP0190240A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
    • H02P6/15—Controlling commutation time

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a brushless DC motor with a rotor position-dependent sensor.
  • a Hall element is used as the sensor, the outputs of which supply successive electromagnetic drive trains in succession, with conversion breaks and reinforcement elements, while maintaining the breaks in the environment for switching from one train to the other with drive pulses.
  • the task is to make any additional controllability of the direct current motor available, without making a large additional expenditure of components, by making the shaft pauses between the pulses adjustable.
  • DE-A-2 403 432 provides for the commutation times of such a DC motor to be made displaceable in relation to the output signals of the rotary position detectors, in order to improve the efficiency of the motor at very high speeds.
  • a sinusoidal output voltage of the rotary position detectors is used and the shift takes place in the same direction over time. Electricity gaps are not planned.
  • the motor can be used as a fan in a filter arrangement and the task is to control the fan motor behind the filter layer as a function of the negative pressure to be maintained, even if dusting of the filter layer requires greater fan power.
  • Other control tasks result from the requirements under which the DC motor is used.
  • the solution according to the invention is that the size of the switching pauses between the drive pulses can be adjusted by raising or lowering the switch-on voltage threshold of the converter and / or amplifier elements.
  • the height of the pulses remains unaffected, but their distances are made variable.
  • This controllability can be used with particular advantage if the edges of the Hall voltage rise and the Hall voltage drop have a suitable inclination. With appropriate components, the Hall voltage curve is therefore kept trapezoidal.
  • Comparators which are connected in pairs to two opposite-pole outputs of a Hall cell can advantageously be used as conversion elements in a two-strand, two-pulse design.
  • Alternating Hall voltages are applied to the two inputs of the comparators and an adjustable bias voltage is obtained from the regulated, common operating voltage supply for the comparators and the Hall cell, which are additionally applied to at least one input of the two comparators.
  • the two inverting (negative) inputs of the two comparators can receive a bias voltage which is distributed via a pair of resistors and obtained via the voltage divider and which lowers the voltage level in front of the comparators.
  • the input voltage level can be raised by applying the adjustable bias voltage to the non-inverting (positive) inputs. In both cases, there is an advantageous regulation of the distances between the successive pulses that can be implemented with a few components, which are available at the outputs of the comparators.
  • the corresponding circuit can also be designed so that the adjustable bias voltage can be varied between a positive and a negative value if the variable tap of the voltage divider accordingly with both a non-inverting (positive) and an inverting (negative) input of the paired comparators is connected. In each, there is a threshold voltage regulation of the voltage supplied by the outputs of the Hall cell.
  • variable tap of the voltage divider can be made arbitrarily adjustable by hand, but an adjustable resistor can also be used, which varies its value depending on a control voltage variable, the control voltage variable a physical value obtained via other elements, such as temperature, negative pressure, etc. represents.
  • the new circuit can be used with the coupling capacitors described at the outset to keep a minimum gap between the drive pulses with a circuit Blockage protection can be combined.
  • circuit with the voltage constant elements, a Hall cell, the comparators and the full or partial power stage can be combined to form an integrated circuit, which has the advantage that it can be easily inserted into small-sized motors, and the advantage can also be exploited that an integrated component is available for motor assembly that has only a few connections. Further details, features and advantages result from the following description of the drawing
  • FIG. 1 shows the principle of obtaining the distances ⁇ p between the pulses of electrical energy U A1 , U A2 to be applied to a stator coil.
  • the distances a p are inserted in order to have the pulses of the simplest type of a two-pulse, two-stranded collectorless DC motor separated so that the on states of the subsequent power transistors do not overlap and thus fields are not generated in coils stored by the power transistors, some of which would work against each other.
  • the Hall voltage UH occurs at a Hall cell with a possible course according to FIG. 1a.
  • the approximately trapezoidal shape of the Hall voltage with oblique flanks can be seen here. Insofar as this characteristic cannot be obtained directly from a Hall cell, corresponding components are inserted into the voltage transmission path.
  • This voltage curve is converted by means of comparators 200 and 300 into a sequence of pulses U A1 and U A2 , which are fed directly or indirectly to a corresponding stator coil.
  • Distances ⁇ 1 to Ap 3 according to FIGS. 1b to 1d lie between the pulses U A1 and U A2 , which can be set by selecting the voltage range 1A-1B, 2A-2B and 3A-3B in front of the comparators according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a general circuit for generating two successive pulses U A1 and U A2 as a function of a rotor position detector.
  • the pulses U A1 and U A2 are amplified via an output stage, not shown in this figure, and are each fed to a stator coil or the corresponding winding portion of a stator coil of a two-pulse collectorless DC motor. It receives two pulses for each revolution of the motor.
  • a two-pole rotor moves in the field of the stator coil, which receives two equally long and equally strong drive torques during one revolution, which are derived directly from the pulses U A1 and U A2 .
  • rotors with multiple poles can also be driven accordingly, the pulsation increasing according to the multiple design.
  • a Hall cell 100 The respective position of a rotor is detected in the circuits shown here by a Hall cell 100, a Hall IC, in a circuit with discrete components.
  • This Hall cell 100 lies between a regulated voltage supply between two strands 22 (-) and 24 (+), via a lead 122 (-) and a resistor 26 and a lead 124 (+).
  • the Hall output voltage U H arises according to the curve in FIG. 1a.
  • one Hall output 130 is connected via a resistor 30 to the negative input 203 of a first comparator 200.
  • This comparator 200 receives the regulated voltage from lines 22 and 24 via its connections 222 and 224. Its output 250 supplies a portion U A1 of the motor drive pulse.
  • a positive input 204 is connected directly to the second Hall output 140, just as the first Hall output 130 is connected directly to the positive input 303 of a second comparator 300.
  • the second Hall output 140 is connected via a resistor 40 to the negative input 304 of the comparator 300, which is connected to the regulated supply 22, 24 of the circuit via connections 322 and 324.
  • a portion U A2 is available as a motor drive pulse which, like the output 250 with an output stage (not shown here), supplies the voltage required for the stator coil.
  • the outputs 250 and 350 vary the beginning or end of the successive pulses U A1 and U A2 over a setting range Ap i to ⁇ ps (FIG. 1), which results in a pulse width controllability of the DC motor operated with this circuit.
  • the driver output voltages U A1 ... U A2 are available via different, adjustable times or angular positions, which enables economical control of the motor depending on external parameters such as operating temperature, load, speed, air volume with a fan integrated with the motor, etc. .
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 Modified circuits are shown in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • FIG. 3 shows how the circuit is extended to the stator coil and a combination with coupling capacitors.
  • a resistor 27 with a Zener diode 29 is inserted in the supply line 122 in addition to the resistor 26 as constant voltage elements.
  • the output 140 is connected to the input 203 via a coupling capacitor 42, while the supply to the input 303 takes place via a resistor 44.
  • the output 130 is connected to the input 304 via a coupling capacitor 46, while the supply to the input 204 takes place via a resistor 48.
  • power transistors are shown as an example behind the outputs 250 and 350.
  • An output stage transistor 270 which feeds a stator coil 280, which generates one half of the electromagnetic drive field for one revolution, is connected to the output 250 via a resistor 250.
  • This coil 280 can be further wound directly to form a coil 380 via the connection 22 as a center tap.
  • the coil 380 can also be a separate coil for generating the other field half per revolution, which is applied to the output 350 via an output stage transistor 370 and a resistor 360.
  • FIG. 4 shows that the circuit can be implemented with a minimal outlay on components, this illustration being understood only as a basic circuit. Again, components already described are provided with the reference numbers explained above.
  • the potential tapped from the output 140 is present via a resistor 45 at the positive input 204 and at the negative input 304 of the comparators 200 and 300, respectively.
  • the output 130 lies in the middle of a resistor chain to which the adjustable resistor 60 lies in parallel. Via resistors 74 and 76, output 130 shares with inputs 203 and 303, respectively.
  • Resistors 72 and 78 provide the level of bias at these inputs, which, however, is reduced by adjustable resistor 60 in the sense of FIGS. 1 b to 1 d can also increase according to this example. It can therefore serve as an example for generating a bias range that can be varied between (+) and (-).
  • FIG. 5 shows a circuit 500 integrated with a Hall cell 100 for a two-strand motor which is not shown in further details.
  • the advantages of a circuit 500 fully integrated with the Hall cell 100 as a component are obvious for small-sized motors.
  • the circuit shown in FIG. 5 can be designed, for example, for a power of 4 watts with an operating voltage between 2 and 30 volts.
  • the integrated circuit has only five interfaces 502, 503, 504, 506, 508, which are explained below, partly for supplying the component 500, partly for co-routing the driver voltages formed in the component and partly for connecting an external control.
  • the building block 500 contains the Hall cell 100, which is supplied via the connections 122 and 124 in the manner described above with the modifications explained below.
  • the Hall voltage U H (see FIG. 1) occurs between the two outputs 130 and 140.
  • the left output 130 is connected on the one hand via a resistor 30 to the negative upper input 203 of the comparator 200 and on the other hand directly to the positive input 303 of the comparator 300.
  • the second output 140 is, in turn, maintaining symmetry over one Resistor 40 is connected to the negative input 304 of the second comparator 300 and directly to the positive input 204 of the comparator 200.
  • the positive input 204 of the comparator 200 is additionally connected via a positive feedback resistor 210 to the output 250 of the comparator 200 and the positive input 303 of the comparator 300 is connected via a positive feedback resistor 310 to the output 350 of the comparator 300.
  • npn driver transistors 270 and 370 In front of the outputs 502 and 503 of the component 500 are npn driver transistors 270 and 370.
  • the base of the driver transistor 270 is connected to the output 250 and the base of the driver transistor 370 to the output 350.
  • the two emitters lie on the rail 24, which is supplied with voltage via the interface 508.
  • the collectors of transistors 270 and 370 are located directly at outputs 502 and 503, which make pulses U A1 and U A2 available. Furthermore, the collectors of the two transistors 270 and 370 are connected to line 22 via an integrated constant current element 290 and 390, respectively.
  • the module 500 there is still an integrated voltage regulator 400 between the lines of the line 24 and the interface 506, which supplies the line 22 with a voltage of, for example, 3 to 5 volts via a regulated output 402.
  • the pulses U A1 in sizes 1A (FIG. 1b), 2A (FIG. 1b) and 3A (FIG. 1c) are present at the output 250, which is illustrated by representation 252.
  • the same pulses are increasingly available at the interface 502.
  • the additional, phase-shifted pulses U A2 are represented in sizes 1B (FIG. 1b), 2B (FIG. 1C) and 3B (FIG. 1d) by the representation 352 at point 350.
  • the resistors 50 and 52 are added to this integrated circuit 500. Both resistors 50 and 52 each act on the positive inputs 204 and 303 of the comparators 200 and 300 on the one hand and, on the other hand, are passed together via the line 54 to a further interface pole 504 in order to only have one output 504 to the outside outside of the block 500 form.
  • the controllable resistor 560 is located on the outside between these two poles 506. With this controllable resistor 560, the reference voltages applied to the positive inputs 204 and 303 of the comparators 200 and 300 can be regulated from the outside with the described effects and advantages. This regulation of the pulse interval Ap can be superimposed on any other regulation. For example, a pulse boosting circuit according to FIGS. 6 and 7 of the European publication 84 156 (EP 82 111 882.5), also from the outside, can be superimposed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)

Abstract

On utilise dans des moteurs à courant continu dépourvus de collecteurs mais pourvus d'un rotor à aimant permanent des éléments à effet Hall comme détecteurs de position. Lesdits éléments fournissent des tensions de Hall qui peuvent être traitées par un circuit électronique de commande et qui produisent une suite d'impulsions. Ces impulsions ne doivent pas se méler, ce qui est évité par certaines particularités du circuit. Ces particularités du circuit sont développées pour rendre possible un réglage volontaire ou automatique du moteur.

Claims (9)

1. Moteur à courant continu, sans collecteur, avec un capteur (100) sensible à la position du rotor, par exemple un élément à effet Hall, dont les sorties alimentent successivement, au moins de manière bipolaire, et par l'intermédiaire d'éléments de conversion et d'amplification (200, 300, 270,370), des enroulements d'entraînement électromagnétiques successifs (280, 380), avec des impulsions d'entraînement (UA1, UA2) en respectant des intervalles de commutation (Δρ1, Δρ2, Δρ3) lors du passage d'un enroulement à l'autre, caractérisé en ce que la tension de sortie du capteur (100) présente des flancs montants et descendants inclinés, et en ce que les éléments d'amplification (270, 370) servant à la commuta- tion, sont pilotés par des comparateurs (200, 300), dont les entrées sont sollicitées par la tension de sortie du capteur (100) et une tension de référence réglable qui détermine la grandeur (Δp) des intervalles de commutation.
2. Moteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que en guise d'éléments de conversion, dans une éxécution bi-impulsionnelle et à deux enroulements, des comparateurs (200, 300) sont raccordés par paire, chacun à deux sorties de polarité opposée (130, 140) d'une cellule de Hall (100), les deux entrées (203, 204 et 304, 303) de chacun des comparateurs (200, 300) étant soumises à la tension alternative de Hall (UH(+). UH(-)), tandis que les comparateurs (200, 300) sont agencés entre une alimentation en tension (22, 24) à partir de laquelle les seuils de déclenchement des comparateurs (200, 300) sont réglables, au moyen d'un diviseur de tension réglable (60).
3. Moteur selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le piquage variable (54) du diviseur de tension (60) est appliqué, par l'intermédiaire d'une résistance correspondante (50, 52) à chacune des entrées négatives (203, 304) de chacun des comparateurs (200, 300).
4. Moteur selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le piquage variable (54) du diviseur de tension (60) est appliqué, par l'intermédiaire d'une résistance correspondante (50, 52) à chacune des entrées positives (204, 303) de chacun des comparateurs (200, 300).
5. Moteur selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que le piquage variable du diviseur de tension, est aussi bien appliqué sur l'entrée positive que sur l'entrée négative (203, 304 - fig. 4) des comparateurs (200, 300).
6. Moteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la tension alternative de Hall (UH) présente une allure trapézoïdale avec des flancs de montée et de chute de tension, inclinés.
7. Moteur selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le diviseur de tension (60) est réglable en fonction d'une tension de commande (68, 66).
8. Moteur selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que pour la sécurité de blocage, les deux sorties de capteur (130, 140) sont chacune raccordée à une entrée négative d'un comparateur (200, 300), par l'intermédiaire d'un condensateur de couplage (42, 46).
9. Moteur selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que pour une éxécution bi-impulsionnelle et à deux enroulements, la cellule de Hall (100) et les comparateurs (200, 300) sont rassemblés en un circuit intégré à cinq bornes, dans lequel n'est prévue, exceptés une alimentation en courant bipolaire (506, 508) et deux bornes de sortie (502 et 503) destinées chacune à la commande d'un enroulement, qu'une seule borne polaire (504) en tant que borne de connexion pour un organe de réglage (560), dont la deuxième borne de connexion est appliquée sur une borne polaire (506 ou 508) de l'alimentation en courant.
EP85903832A 1984-07-27 1985-07-26 Moteur a courant continu depourvu de collecteur Expired - Lifetime EP0190240B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US63525184A 1984-07-27 1984-07-27
US635251 1984-07-27

Publications (2)

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EP0190240A1 EP0190240A1 (fr) 1986-08-13
EP0190240B1 true EP0190240B1 (fr) 1990-02-07

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EP85903832A Expired - Lifetime EP0190240B1 (fr) 1984-07-27 1985-07-26 Moteur a courant continu depourvu de collecteur

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EP (1) EP0190240B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2788024B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE3576022D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1986001053A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3546891C2 (de) * 1985-10-21 2000-06-08 Papst Licensing Gmbh & Co Kg Treiberschaltung zum Betrieb eines kollektorlosen Gleichstrommotors in einem Lüfter oder zum Antrieb eines Lüfters
FR2636182A1 (fr) * 1988-09-05 1990-03-09 Technologique Sarl Comp Circuit de commande pour moteur a courant continu sans collecteur, notamment d'un ventilateur
CA2475473C (fr) * 2002-02-06 2012-04-03 Ebm-Papst St. Georgen Gmbh & Co. Kg Procede permettant de commuter un moteur electroniquement commute et moteur permettant la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
EP3054582A4 (fr) * 2013-09-30 2017-09-13 Mabuchi Motor Co., Ltd. Circuit de commande de phase pour moteur sans balai, moteur sans balai, et procédé de commande de phase pour moteur sans balai

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2403432B2 (de) * 1974-01-24 1975-11-13 Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen Gleichstrommotor mit mehrphasiger Ständerwicklung und durch n Hallgeneratoren gesteuerter elektronischer Kommutierungseinrichtung
JPS5122012A (fr) * 1974-08-19 1976-02-21 Hitachi Ltd
JPS5319512A (en) * 1976-08-05 1978-02-22 Hitachi Ltd Pulse width control switching drive device in d.c. motor
CH658348A5 (de) * 1979-11-30 1986-10-31 Papst Motoren Kg Zweipulsiger kollektorloser gleichstrommotor.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3576022D1 (de) 1990-03-15
EP0190240A1 (fr) 1986-08-13
WO1986001053A1 (fr) 1986-02-13
JPS61502861A (ja) 1986-12-04
JP2788024B2 (ja) 1998-08-20

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